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PRACTICE TEST 21
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. commit B. index C. preview D. open
Question 2: A. enrichment B. advantage C. sovereignty D. edition Question 3: A. habitat B. candidate C. wilderness D. attendance
Mark the letter A,B,C,or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined word is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.
Question 4. A. kites B. stops C. learns D. laughs
Question 5. A .rough B. aghast C. laugh D. cough
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 6: The theory of relativity _____ by Einstein, who was a famous physicist.
A. was developed B. is developed C. develops D. developed Question 7: ________ a few more minutes, we could have finished the task.
A. Unless we had. B. If we had had. C. If we have D. If we had Question 8: Communities in remote areas are extremely _____ to famine if crops fail.
A. defenseless B. helpless C. disappointed D. vulnerable Question 9: The girl was used ________ birthday presents from her brothers.
A. to receive B. to receiving. C. to being received D. to be receiving Question 10: I could hear voices but I couldn‘t ________what they were saying.
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A. turn up B. bring about C. make out D. try out Question 11: ________ was the tea that we couldn‘t drink it.
A. No longer. B. So strong. C. Hardly ever. D. How strong.
Question 12: Do you remember ______ to help us when we were in difficulty?
A. once offering B. to offer C. being offered D. you offer Question 13: We could have caught the last train, but we ______ five minutes late.
A. were B. have been C. would be D. are
Question 14: ________ always gives me real pleasure.
A. I arrange flowers B. The flowers are arranged C. While arranging flowers D. Arranging flowers
Question 15: In our team, no person _____ John could finish this tough task in such a short time.
A. other than B. including C. outside D. rather than Question 16: Tom hasn‘t completed the work yet and Maria hasn‘t ______.
A. also B. either C. neither D. too
Question 17: Kay: ―I wouldn‘t do that if I were you.‖ – John: ―______‖
A. Wouldn‘t you? Why? B. Would you, really?
C. I‘d rather you didn‘t. D. It‘s out of the question.
Question 18: The superstar, accompanied by the other members of the band, ______to visit our school next week.
A. has had B. are C. is going D. are going
Question 19: Mrs. Chau has managed the department _____ that she‘ll be promoted next month.
A. too successful B. so successfully C. very successful D. too successfully Question 20: _______he got top marks at high school, he never went to university.
A. Despite B. Although C. Meanwhile D. Nevertheless Question 21: Sammy had worked in England for a year ______ moving to Scotland.
A. until B. once C. while D. before
Question 22: Lucy: ―You look really nice in that red sweater!‖ – Sue: ―______‖
A. Don‘t mention it. B. How dare you? C. I‘m afraid so. D. Thank you.
Question 23: Mary: ―The hat‘s so beautiful. Thanks.‖ – Tony: ―______‖
A. Lucky you! B. Great idea!
C. The same to you! D. I‘m glad you like it.
Question 24: ―It‘s about time you _______ your homework, Mary.‖
A. must do B. did C. do D. will do
Question 25: The higher the content of carbon dioxide in the air is, ______.
A. the more heat it retains B. the heat it retains more C. it retains the more heat D. more heat it retains
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 26 : We run a very tight ship here, and we expect all our employees to be at their desks by eight o‘clock and take good care of their own business.
A. organize things inefficiently B. manage an inflexible system C. run faster than others D. have a good voyage
Question 27 : Any student who neglects his or her homework is unlikely to do well at school.
A. approves of B. attends to C. puts off D. looks for
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions
Question 28: The most important thing is to keep yourself occupied.
A. busy B. comfortable C. free D. relaxed
Question 29: In America, when a woman and a man are introduced, shaking hands relies on a woman.
A. depends on B. replies on C. waits on D. congratulates on
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 3 to 12.
We live in a world of tired, sleep deprived people. In his book Counting Sheep, Paul Martin – a behavioural biologist – describes a society which is just too busy to sleep and which does not give sleeping the importance it deserves.
Modern society has invented reasons not to sleep. We are now a 24/7 society where shops and services must be available all hours. We spend longer hours at work than we used to, and more time getting to work.
Mobile phones and email allow us to stay in touch round the clock and late-night TV and the Internet tempt us away from our beds. When we need more time for work or pleasure, the easy solution is to sleep less. The average adult sleeps only 6.2 hours a night during the week, whereas research shows that most people need eight or even eight and a half hours‘ sleep to feel at their best. Nowadays, many people have got used to sleeping less than they need and they live in an almost permanent state of ‗sleep debt‘.
Until the invention of the electric light in 1879 our daily cycle of sleep used to depend on the hours of daylight. People would get up with the sun and go to bed at nightfall. But nowadays our hours of sleep are mainly determined by our working hours (or our social life) and most people are woken up artificially by an alarm clock. During the day caffeine, the world‘s most popular drug, helps to keep us awake. 75% of the world‘s population habitually consume caffeine, which up to a point masks the symptoms of sleep deprivation.
What does a chronic lack of sleep do to us? As well as making us irritable and unhappy as humans, it also reduces our motivation and ability to work. This has serious implications for society in general. Doctors, for example, are often chronically sleep deprived, especially when they are on ‗night call‘, and may get less than three hours‘ sleep. Lack of sleep can seriously impair their mood, judgment, and ability to take decisions.
Tired engineers, in the early hours of the morning, made a series of mistakes with catastrophic results. On our roads and motorways lack of sleep kills thousands of people every year. Tests show that a tired driver can be just as dangerous as a drunken driver. However, driving when drunk is against the law but driving when exhausted isn‘t. As Paul Martin says, it is very ironic that we admire people who function on very little sleep instead of criticizing them for being irresponsible. Our world would be a much safer, happier place if everyone, whatever their job, slept eight hours a night.
New English File Upper-intermediate by Clive Oxenden and Christina Latham-Koenig, OUP Question 30: According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE about Paul Martin?
A. He shows his concern for sleep deprivation in modern society.
B. He gives an interesting account of a sleepless society.
C. He is a scientist who is chronically deprived of sleep.
D. He describes the modern world as a place without insomnia.
Question 31: The phrase ―round the clock‖ in the second paragraph is similar in meaning to______.
A. surrounded with clocks B. all day and night
C. during the daytime D. having a round clock
Question 32: The writer mentions the Internet in the passage as______.
A. a temptation that prevents us from sleeping B. an easy solution to sleep deprivation
C. an ineffective means of communication D. a factor that is not related to sleep deprivation Question 33: According to the third paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Our social life has no influence on our hours of sleep.
B. The sun obviously determined our daily routines.
C. The electric light was invented in the 19th century.
D. The electric light has changed our daily cycle of sleep.
Question 34: The word ―which‖ in the third paragraph refers to______.
A. reaching a point B. masking the symptoms
C. the world‘s population D. caffeine consumption Question 35: Which of the following is TRUE, according to the last paragraph?
A. Doctors ‗on night call‘ do not need more than three hours of sleep a day.
B. Our motivation decreases with the bigger number of hours we sleep.
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C. Sleep deprivation has negative effects on both individuals and society.
D. Thousands of people are killed every day by drunken drivers.
Question 36: The word ―catastrophic‖ in the last paragraph probably means______.
A. bound to bring satisfaction B. becoming more noticeable C. causing serious damage or loss D. likely to become worthless
Question 37: Which of the following would the writer of the passage approve of?
A. Our world would be a much safer place without drinkers.
B. Both drunken drivers and sleep-deprived people should be criticized.
C. There is no point in criticizing irresponsible people in our society.
D. We certainly can function well even when we hardly sleep.
Question 38: All of the following are mentioned as those whose performance is affected by ‗sleep debt‘
EXCEPT_____.
A. doctors B. drivers C. biologists D. engineers
Question 39: Which of the following could best serve as the title of the passage?
A. Accident Prevention: Urgent! B. Sleep Deprivation: Causes and Effects C. A Society of Sleepless People D. A Well-known Biologist
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 40: All of the students in this course will be assessed according to their attendance,
A B
performance, and they work hard.
C D
Question 41: As seeing from the mountain top, area looks like a picturesque harbour town.
A B C D
Question 42: Women in many parts of the world have had lower status than men, which the extent of
A B
the gap between genders varies across cultures and times.
C D
Question 43: Since January this year, Joe has suffered two injuries, one to his ankle and the other in A B C
New York.
D
Question 44: Most of the students are queuing in lines waiting to enter the classroom.
A B C D
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 33 to 42
Postsecondary institutions and private school are corporations under U.S. law. They are approved to operate as non-profit, for-profit,or public corporations (45)______ education and training. Increasingly, state authorities are requiring approved educational providers to apply (46) ______and receive accreditation as a condition of final and continued approval.
As corporate entities, U. S. institutions are internally self-governing and are (47) ______to make property, facilities, equipment, and utilities transactions; make their own personnel decisions; decide whom to admit to study and to graduate; (48) ______their own funds from outside sources; enter into contracts and compete for grants; and do most of the things that corporations do. Institutions compete (49) ______ one another for students, research funding, faculty, and other benefits. Public institutions may compete within the same state or territory for budget appropriations. It is the corporate nature of institutions and the competition within the system that (50) ______Americans to refer to the concept of the educational or academic marketplace- an important distinctive element of the way U.S education is organized.
Some institutions are governed (51) under multi- campus arrangements. These include most local public schools (governed by school districts) and many state community college and university systems.
Whether single- or multi- campus, institutional corporations (52) by board of citizens, both alumni
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and non-alumni, who are ultimately responsible for all operations. They appoint senior (53) , such as principals, headmasters, presidents, and deans; and approve the actions taken (54) their name.
Question 45: A. provided B. provision C. provide D. providing Question 46: A. to B. with C. for D. on Question 47: A. capable B. probable C. possible D. able Question 48: A. call B. rise C. lend D. raise Question 49: A. at B. for C. to D. with Question 50: A makes B. prevents C. lets D. causes Question 51: A. collection B. collect C. collectively D. collective Question 52: A being controlled B. controlled C. are controlling D. are controlled Question 53: A. leaders B. trainees C. judges D. assistants Question 54: A. above B. on C. in D.at
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Very few people in the modern world obtain their food supply by hunting and gathering in the natural environment surrounding their homes. This method of harvesting from nature‘s provision is the oldest known subsistence strategy and has been practised for at least the last two million years. It was, indeed, the only way to obtain food until rudimentary farming and the domestication of wild animals were introduced about 10,000 years ago.
Because hunter-gatherers have fared poorly in comparison with their agricultural cousins, their numbers have dwindled, and they have been forced to live in marginal environments, such as deserts and arctic wastelands.
In higher latitudes, the shorter growing seasons have restricted the availability of plant life. Such conditions have caused a greater dependence on hunting, and on fishing along the coasts and waterways. The abundance of vegetation in the lower latitudes of the tropics, on the other hand, has provided a greater opportunity for gathering a variety of plants. In short, the environmental differences have restricted the diet and have limited possibilities for the development of subsistence societies.
Contemporary hunter-gatherers may help us understand our prehistoric ancestors. We know from the observation of modern hunter-gatherers in both Africa and Alaska that a society based on hunting and gathering must be very mobile. While the entire community camps in a central location, a smaller party harvests the food within a reasonable distance from the camp. When the food in the area has become exhausted, the community moves on to exploit another site. We also notice seasonal migration patterns evolving for most hunter-gatherers, along with a strict division of labor between the sexes. These patterns of behavior may be similar to those practised by mankind during the Paleolithic Period.
Question 55: What does it mean ―domestication‖ in the first paragraph?
A. adapting animals to suit a new working environment B. hatching and raising new species of wild animals in the home C. teaching animals to do a particular job or activity in the home D. making wild animals used to living with and working for humans
Question 56: According to the passage, subsistence societies depend mainly on ________.
A. hunter-gatherers‘ tools B. nature‘s provision C. farming methods D. agricultural products Question 57: The word ―marginal‖ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ―________‖
A. disadvantaged B. suburban C. forgotten D. abandoned
Question 58: In the lower latitudes of the tropics, hunter-gatherers ________.
A. can free themselves from hunting B. have better food gathering from nature
C. live along the coasts and waterways for fishing D. harvest shorter seasonal crops
Question 59: According to the passage, studies of contemporary subsistence societies can provide___.
A. further understanding of prehistoric times
B. broader vision of prehistoric natural environments C. further understanding of modern subsistence societies
103 D. deeper insight into the dry-land farming
Question 60: The word ―conditions‖ in the second paragraph refers to ________.
A. the places where plenty of animals and fish can be found B. the situations in which hunter-gatherers can grow some crops
C. the environments where it is not favorable for vegetation to grow D. the situations in which hunter-gatherers hardly find anything to eat
Question 61: A typical feature of both modern and prehistoric hunter-gatherers is that ________.
A. they live in the forests for all their life B. they don‘t have a healthy and balanced diet C. they don‘t have a strong sense of community D. they often change their living places
Question 62: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned?
A. Harvesting from the natural environment had existed long before farming was taken up.
B. Hunting or fishing develops where there are no or short growing seasons.
C. The number of hunter-gatherers decreases where farming is convenient.
D. The environmental differences produce no effect on subsistence societies.
Question 63: According to the author, most contemporary and prehistoric hunter -gatherers share ________.
A. some methods of production B. some patterns of behavior C. some restricted daily rules D. only the way of duty division Question 64: Which of the following would serve as the best title of the passage?
A. Hunter-gatherers and Subsistence Societies B. Evolution of Humans‘ Farming Methods C. A Brief History of Subsistence Farming D. Hunter-gatherers: Always on the Move WRITING
Part I. Finish each of the following sentence in such a way that it means the same as the sentence