Nội dung và yêu cầu cần giải quyết của nhiệm vụ luận văn (Về lý thuyết, thực hành, số liệu cần tính toán và hình vẽ). Những buổi học đầu tiên tại Trường Đại học Dân lập Hải Phòng, chúng tôi như những đứa trẻ ngây thơ, ít hiểu biết về ngôn ngữ và các vấn đề xã hội. Lời đầu tiên, tôi rất vinh dự được gửi lời cảm ơn chân thành tới cô giáo hướng dẫn của tôi, TS.
Hoang Thi Bay, whose encouragement, guidance and willingness to motivate me from start to finish enabled me to complete the graduation. In addition, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Hai Phong Private University for providing professional learning environment and facilities, as well as all teachers in the Department of Foreign Languages for giving enthusiasm and sympathy to raise us to be the better as we are today. Finally, I extend my greetings and blessings to everyone who supported me in any aspect during the completion of graduation, especially staff of Haiphong Water Supply Company with their willingness to provide me documents, support valuable information and provide me opportunities to approach this direction, which inspired me a lot to do this graduation paper.
Rationale of study
Aims of study
Methods of study
Scope of study
Design of study
DEVELOPMENT
Translation theory
- Definition of translation
- Translation methods
This often appears as an interlinear translation, with the TL immediately below the SL words. The SL word order is preserved, and the words are translated individually with the most common meaning, out of context. A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the exact contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the grammatical structures of the TL.
A literal translation differs from a faithful translation only in that it must take into account the aesthetic value of the SL text more, a compromise further. A free translation reproduces the matter without the manner or the content outside the form of the original. On the contrary, the weakness is that the translation, because of its freedom, is too casual to understand the original.
Idiomatic translation reproduces the ―message‖ of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by favoring colloquialism and the idiom where it does not exist in the original. Communicative translation attempts to read the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and understandable to the reading public.
ESP in translation
- Definition of ESP
- Types of ESP
- Definition of technical translation
- Language in Water Sector
Popular terms relating to Water Sector
- Definition of English terms
- Characteristics of English terms
- Systematic
- Internationalism
- Nationalism
- Popularity
- Popular terms relating to Water Ssector
- Single terms
- Compound terms
- Acronyms in Water Sector
- Common acronyms
- Acronyms in Land acquisition and Resettlement
In the Russian Encyclopedia (1976), terminology is defined as “a word or a combination of words that precisely expresses the concept and its relationship with other concepts in a specific field. As part of a language, each term has its own place in the concept system and belongs to a terminological system. Some say that the characteristic feature of terminology is its systematic formation, while others argue that it is the property of content.
It is impossible to separate a concept from the system to make a term, but it determines its position in the system. As mentioned above, terms are special words that express common scientific concepts along with the development, cooperation and scientific, technological exchanges between countries around the world. Terms have been internationalized. They are the essential principles in the origin and existence of terminology in science and technology.
Terms in the water sector are mostly compound terms which are formed by joining two or more words together. It is important to be able to recognize how such compounds are created to understand what they mean. They are the primary method of controlling fluid flow, pressure and direction.
Water treatment describes those processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired end use. The purpose of the process is to remove existing contaminants in the water, or to reduce the concentration of these contaminants so that the water becomes suitable for the desired end use. Substances removed during the drinking water treatment process include suspended solids, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi;
So, in water treatment technologies or processes, the typical type of tanks are applied in the typical parts of the water treatment process, which can remove various pollutants in the water. Three of them all deal with environmental issues, which is a concern not only for the entire Water sector, but also for the Vietnamese government. This study will provide some of the most commonly accepted abbreviations used in the Water Sector.
Popular Strategies and procedures applied in the translation
Strategies applied in the translation of single terms
Figure (1) is a curb in the general sense, and Figure (2) is a term used in the water sector. In other words, it is a V-shaped channel along the sidewalk for draining rainwater, and the term in Vietnamese is ―cống hạm ẩc‖. In other cases, it may be appropriate to use a more general word to translate individual terms.
For example, in the word ―filter‖ it is impossible for the translator to translate the exact meaning of ―Bể lịc‖. Also in the word ―outlet‖ the translator must be aware that the word ―pipe‖ must be omitted. So that, if he wants to translate it correctly, it is unspoken to know that the terminology should be ―exhaust pipe‖, which means ―Ống hạn vạn nại‖.
Vì vậy trong tiếng Việt, thuật ngữ "Truy cập mạng" đã được dịch với một từ tổng quát hơn.
Strategies applied in the translation of compound terms
As in SL, they sometimes leave out the nominal words that go along with the expressions because they don't need to mention that word, but other people still understand the meaning. It is clear that the position between two nouns has changed when translated into Vietnamese. There is also change in the order of these words, in English the word "Septic" comes before and modifies the noun "Tank", but when translated into Vietnamese, the word "Septic" comes after the noun.
Another example is ―physical work‖ or sometimes ―civilian work‖ – a very common term in the Sector. As you can see, ―physical‖ itself is an adjective meaning pertaining to the body; for which it is material; or physical sciences, such as physics..etc. Looking at these terms, it is understood that automatic translation is applied in translation flexibly, and all words in these terms are naturally converted from English to Vietnamese without adding any expressions.
Thanks to the automatic application of the replacement strategy, translators can feel simpler and less confused when dealing with some redundant or additional words during the process of translating these terms. As we can see, in SL, ―Consultation and participation‖ consists of two nouns and a conjunction, but both nouns become Verbs as this term is translated in TL. Therefore, by changing the grammar of the word from SL to TL, the translator can make his work become more sufficient and standard.
This strategy tends to be used when the concept expressed by the source item is lexicalized in the target language, but in a different form, and when the frequency with which a certain form is used in the source text is significantly higher than is natural would be in TL. . SL ―Consultant Qualification Selection‖, for example, is known as ―lựa ồn ngốc tải vại‖ in TL, Considering the word ―qualifications‖, its meaning is normally. This strategy is especially common in dealing with culture-specific items, modern concept and buzzwords.
It can be seen from this illustration that the term is represented by using the first letter of words, in English it is known as "acronym" - "LIBOR" is often used as a loanword in Vietnamese, not because it has no equivalent but because it is a term widely and popularly used in international transactions. Addition Phrasing is the translation in which additional information is provided in a TL to help the reader understand it precisely. Probably many readers will be confused with the concept of "côliê" and wonder what it is, technical engineers find it easy for them to understand because they know it clearly enough, perhaps better than: rèn vòng kẹp‖ – a literal translation term in Vietnamese.
Difficulties encountered in the translation procedures of terms in
So it's really not easy to translate it equivalently into Vietnamese or vice versa. Some words are derivations of each other, but can sometimes be understood with the meaning of ―thoát nước‖ or ―nước đải‖. So, green translators dealing with these terms for the first time will inevitably be confused.
Eg: Septage arising from the cleaning of septic tanks is transported to a site located adjacent to the existing sanitary landfill. It is so difficult to search for the meaning of ―Septage‖ in this sentence, especially difficult for any translator dealing with this term for the first time. Scum: that floats to the top and is generally where the waste-processing bacteria live.
Effluent: which is the semi-treated liquid that makes up the majority of the material in the septic tank. Another example, as in the composition ―Sewage and sewage treatment‖, I was very confused with the choice of the appropriate meaning when I translated ―sewage‖ and ―sewer‖ separately because they have the same layer of meaning. According to their definition, "sewage" is the waste material discharged through sewer pipes and sewer pipes.
Sewers refer to the physical facilities (eg, pipelines, lift stations, and treatment and disposal facilities) through which wastewater flows. Based on this, ―Sewerage and sewage treatment‖ is translated as ―Thoát nước và hộa lý nước đối‖. Moreover, just translating the name of the company Hai Phong Sewage and Drainage can cause trouble for the translator if he does not know about that company.
APPLICATION
Strength and weakness of the thesis
Suggestion for the future research
