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KỲ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ
LẦN THỨ XI, NĂM 2018
ĐỀ THI MÔN: TIẾNG ANH – KHỐI 11 Thời gian: 180 phút (Không kể thời gian giao đề)
Ngày thi: 14/4/2018
(Đề thi gồm 15 trang)
Lưu ý: Thí sinh làm bài vào đề thi này.
A. LISTENING (5.0 pts)
HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU
Bài nghe gồm 4 phần, mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 15 giây, mở đầu và kết thúc mỗi phần nghe có tín hiệu.
Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiệu nhạc. Thí sinh có 3 phút để hoàn chỉnh bài trước tín hiệu nhạc kết thúc bài nghe.
Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe.
Part 1. For question 1-5, listen to the recording and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding boxes provided. (1.0 pt) 1. The speaker has come from the Theosophical Society.
2. One of the main points of the talk is to save money.
3. She thinks students should do more housework.
4. She argues that plastic containers won't biodegrade quickly.
5. She warns that asthma sufferers should be careful with her recipes.
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 2: For question 6-10, you will hear part of a lecture on the lost city of Machu Picchu.
Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS. Write your answers in the space provided. (1.0 pt)
6. According to Professor Harrington, what does the name Machu Picchu denote?
……….…….
7. What did the Incas construct covering the mountain’s slopes?
……….…….
8. What are the andenes constructed by the Incas called?
……….…….
9. By what were the compounds of different shapes and sizes linked?
……….…….
10. What was the Intihuatana used for?
……….…….
ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC
Trang 2/14 Part 3: For questions 11-15, listen to the discussion on a radio talk show between a professor, Max Mantle, a representative of students, Pauline O’Boyle, and their host with regard to a recent increase in university fee. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding boxes provided. (1.0 pt)
11. How does Pauline O’Boyle feel about the official announcement on university fees?
A. She is relieved that they are finally growing up.
B. She is surprised that the announcement was not made months ago.
C. She is pleased that the news was not as bad as some had predicted.
D. It was pretty much along the lines of what she had expected.
12. What does Max Mantle think the public is not aware of?
A. the considerable amount of government funding universities receive B. how much universities rely on students fee
C. the lack of grant aid offered to third- level students
D. the extent to which the U.K. education system is mocked in Europe 13. What does Pauline O’Boyle say about student grants?
A. only grammar- and- private- school students may apply for them B. applicants from grammar and private schools are given preference C. very few state- school manage to qualify for them
D. they should be made grade- dependent so as to be fairer 14. Pauline believes that universities
A. should do more to look after the interests of their professors.
B. offer terms of employment that are counterproductive.
C. should ask the government for more hand- outs.
D. will only become more efficiently run if salaries and conditions improve.
15. What is the last point made by Max Mantle?
A. lecturers’ salaries and terms of employment have been reviewed
B. lecturers need to review their salaries and terms of employment carefully
C. reducing lecturers’ pay by one or two thousand pounds will help to solve the problem D. the existence of overpaid lecturers is not a significant part of the problem
Your answers
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Part 4. For questions 16 – 25, listen to a piece of news about the three countries with the best healthcare and complete the summary using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR NUMBER for each gap. Write your answers in the space provided. (2.0 pts)
2017 witnessed the latest failure of the United States in the move (16.) ………..………..
Meanwhile, citizens in the rest of the world enjoy higher quality care, with higher life expectancy and lower (17.) ………..………..
Spain was one of the top (18.) ………..……….. in the world with roughly $ 2600 spent on each person. In its (19.) “………..………..” system, most citizens see no out-of-pocket expenses when they visit public hospitals.
Unlike Spain, only 1,6% of (20.) ………..……….. goes towards healthcare costs. In addition to price controls, there is Medisave system – a (21.) ………..……….., where employees are required to deduct and set aside 9% of their salaries for personal or family care.
In the autonomous territory of Hong Kong, both (22.) ………..……….. and ………..………..
are used. The combination makes Hong Kong’s system difficult (23.) ………..………..
While these three countries are successful with very high standards of care and life expectancy, applying worldwide is difficult. Singapore and Hongkong have uniform (24.) ………..………..
throughout the region because of small populations.
By comparison, that the United States owning an enormous population makes centralized payer healthcare harder to implement without (25.) ………..………..
Trang 3/14 B. LEXICO AND GRAMMAR (3.0 pts)
Part 1: Choose the answer A, B, C, or D that best completes each of the following sentences.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (1.0 pt)
1. Annabel and Insidious 3 are not James Wan’s best movies by far and those would be _______
between any of the other sequels on air, but they are pretty incredible.
A. kiss-offs B. summings-up C. tip-offs D. toss-ups
2. What stands out from The Voice Kids is that many young children are _______ with natural talent for music.
A. bestowed B. conferred C. endowed D. vouchsafed 3. I've got such a ______ headache that I can't concentrate on the lecture.
A. beating B. drumming C. hammering D. throbbing 4. When I got stuck in the elevator, I was scared out of my _______.
A. brains B. head C. wits D. nerves
5. Having gained a _______ victory in the general elections, they proceeded with their ambitious programme.
A. galloping B. staunch C. landslide D. close-up
6. ‘If you implement this scheme, we shall have no choice but to go on strike.’
‘_______, we must implement the scheme.’
A. Be that as it may B. May that be as it is C. Though it be thus D. While that be so
7. I don’t want to burden my daughter with my problems; she’s got too much _______.
A. up her sleeve B. in her mind C. in effect D. on her plate 8. I haven’t seen Jane for nearly ten years, _______ I had got married and had two children.
A. during which time B. at that point C. for that duration D. in that time 9. The inconsiderate driver was _______ for parking his vehicle in the wrong place.
A. inflicted B. harassed C. condemned D. confined
10. You can buy goods on the Internet with a credit card, but there is a danger of _______ if someone else obtains the number.
A. corruption B. fraud C. embezzlement D. disruption Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 2: The passage below contains 5 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning. (0.5 pt)
Line 1
5
10
Original written work and information is protected by copyright laws, like original inventions. Therefore, when you refer or use information you find while making research, you should always give credit to the person or organization which produced it. To plagiarize is to use ideas that are not your own without giving credit to the original source, or to claim that someone else’s ideas are your own. It is akin to steal someone else’s work.
Internet-related plagiarism has become such a problem because it is so easy to find and copy information online. There are thousands of resources for students who wish only to copy or cheat. Moreover, the Internet also makes it easier for educators to check for plagiarism. Often a simple Internet search for a quote will be enough to expose copying.
Some educators are more concerned about unintended plagiarism. Because copying and pasting is so easy, it is becoming more and more common for well-meaning students to mix up material source with their original ideas. While this kind of plagiarism usually happens innocently, it is still an offense.
Trang 4/14 Your answers:
Line Mistake Correction
0. 1 is are
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Part 3. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle. Write your answers in the space provided. (0.5 pt)
1. Directed by a hypocritical, the organization is rotten _______ the core.
2. Investors have taken heart _______ the improving economic situation.
3. All her hard work paid _______ in the end and she’s now successful.
4. The prospective buyer had decided to look _______ the property before committing himself.
5. The statements that she gave were borne _______ by the other witnesses, so the suspect was found guilty by the magistrate.
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 4: Give the correct form of each bracketed word in the following passage. Write your answers in the space provided. (1.0 pt)
In January 2001, the (1. GOVERN) Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its latest report on climate change. Climate models worked out by giant super-computers had become far more reliable since the previous report in 1995 and allowed them to (2. PRAISE) the earlier projections for global warming. Their conclusions were that something very serious is happening and that it cannot be a natural process. The 1990s was the hottest decade for 1,000 years and the Earth is warming faster than at any time in the last 10,000 years. According to the report, human activities are (3.
EQUIVOCATE) to blame for the temperature rise. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and, due to (4. FOREST), there are fewer trees to absorb this gas and recycle it back into oxygen.
Methane (5. CONCENTRATE) have also gone up dramatically because of increases in rice culture and cattle - raising, both of which generate methane from (6. COMPOSE) vegetation. These greenhouses gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere and cause the temperature to rise. In the worst case, the resulting melting of ice-caps and glaciers would cause sea levels to rise by up to 88 cm, endangering the homes and (7. LIVE) of tens of millions of people who live in low-lying regions.
Unfortunately, there is far greater unanimity among the world’s scientists over the issue than among politicians. As long ago as 1990, the IPCC recommended a 60% reduction in carbon dioxide (8. EMIT), as the basic level required to return the planet’s climate to a healthy level. Governments globally failed to (9. ACT) these proposals. Now that the dangers have been reaffirmed by the latest report, it is high time that governments took an active interest in exploring alternative, (10. NEW) energy sources.
Your answers
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
Trang 5/14 III. READING (6.0 pts):
Part 1. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (1.0 pt) DIAGNOSING DYSLEXIA
Approximately five per cent of the population suffer from dyslexia. The cause of the disorder is unknown and it is (1) ________ found in people of otherwise normal intectual ability. The condition is (2) ________ by severe reading difficulties, with dyslexics frequently confusing letters or words. They may, for example, read or write letters, words or sentences in the wrong (3) ________. Although the problem can be overcome with intensive instruction, sufferers usually continue to read and write poorly throughout their lives.
Traditionally, diagnosis has been made by reading experts, which means that many (4) ________
are not formally (5) ________ until a child is around ten years of age. Now, however, a group of psychologists in the United States believe that they have found a way of identifying in their first days of life children who will develop dyslexia. This is exciting news as early identification and (6) ________ make early instruction possible, perhaps avoiding later problems altogether.
The research team has identified (7) ________ differences between the brain (8) ________
patterns of dyslexics and those of better readers. Attaching electrodes to the heads of babies just 36 hours old, they measured the size and speed of their brain responses to selected stimuli. The children were (9) ________ and given IQ and comprehension tests every two years. At eight, reading tests were administered to identify those who were dyslexic. More than 90 percent diagnosed as dyslexic could have been singled out at birth.
This research is still in its (10) ________ but may result in a future in which dyslexia no longer causes life long distress.
1. A. naturally B. commonly C. customarily D. actually 2. A. characterized B. distinguished C. marked D. identified 3. A. arrangement B. series C. sequence D. order
4. A. instances B. cases C. times D. occurrences 5. A. picked up B. noted down C. shown up D. put down 6. A. interference B. intrusion C. intervention D. recognition 7. A. frank B. evident C. distinct D. precise
8. A. pace B. wave C. pulse D. signal
9. A. monitored B. viewed C. followed D. inspected 10. A. beginnings B. infancy C. outset D. origins Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 2: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. Write your answers in the space provided. (1.5 pts.)
One rather unlikely word that has recently entered the language is ‘blog’, a shortened
(1)………... of ‘web lob’. A blog is a diary posted on the Internet by the person writing it – the
‘blogger’ – who presumably expects other people to read it. It is ironical that modern technology is being used to (2) ………... new life into such an old-fashioned form as the personal journal.
And now, as the technology (3) ………... video camera is making them easier to use, we have the video log, or ‘vlog’. Vlogging does not require highly sophisticated equipment: a digital video camera, a high-speed Internet connection and a host are all that is needed. Vloggers can put anything that (4)………... their fancy onto their personal website. Some vloggers have no ambitions (5) ………... than to show films they have while on holiday in exotic places.
However, vlogs can also (6) ………... more ambitious purposes. For instance, amateur film- makers who want to make a (7) ………... for themselves might publish their work on the Internet, eager to receive advice or criticism. And increasingly, vlogs are being used to publicize political and social issues that are not newsworthy enough to warrant (8) ………... by the mass media. It is still too early to predict (9) ………... vlogging will ever take off in a major way or if it is just a passing fad, but (10) ………... potential is only now becoming apparent.
Trang 6/14 Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the best answer. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (1.0 pt)
COMMUNICATING WITH THE FUTURE
In the 1980s the United States Department of Energy was looking for suitable sites to bury radioactive waste material generated by its nuclear energy programs. The government was considering burying the dangerous wastes in deep underground chambers in remote desert areas.
The problem, however, was that nuclear waste remains highly radioactive for thousands of years. The commission entrusted with tackling the problem of waste disposal was aware that the dangers posed by radioactive emissions must be communicated to our descendants of at least 10,000 years hence.
So the task became one of finding a way to tell future societies about the risk posed by these deadly deposits.
Of course, human society in the distant future may be well aware of the hazards of radiation.
Technological advances may one day provide the solutions to this dilemma. But the belief in constant technological advancement is based on our perceptions of advances made throughout history and prehistory. We cannot be sure that society won’t have slipped backward into an age of barbarism due to any of several catastrophic events, whether the result of nature such as the onset of a new ice age or perhaps mankind’s failure to solve the scourges of war and pollution. In the event of global catastrophe, it is quite possible that humans of the distant future will be on the far side of a broken link of communication and technological understanding.
The problem then becomes how to inform our descendants that they must avoid areas of potential radioactive seepage given that they may not understand any currently existing language and may have no historical or cultural memory. So, any message indicated to future reception and decipherment must be as universally understandable as possible.
It was soon realized by the specialists assigned the task of devising the communication system that material in which the message was written might not physically endure the great lengths of time demanded. The second law of thermodynamics shows that all material disintegrates over time. Even computers that might carry the message cannot be expected to endure long enough. Besides, electricity supplies might not be available in 300 generations. Other media storage methods were considered and rejected for similar reasons.
The task force under the linguist Thomas Sebeok finally agreed that no foolproof way would be found to send a message across so many generations and have it survive physically and be decipherable by a people with few cultural similarities to us. Given this restriction, Sebeok suggested the only possible solution was the formation of a committee of guardians of knowledge. Its task would be to dedicate itself to maintaining and passing the knowledge of the whereabouts and dangers of the nuclear waste deposits. This so-called atomic priesthood would be entrusted with keeping knowledge of this tradition alive through millennia and developing the tradition into a kind of mythical taboo forbidding people to tamper in a way with the nuclear waste sites. Only the initiated atomic priesthood of experts would have the scientific knowledge to fully understand the danger. Those outside the priesthood would be kept away by a combination of rituals and legends designed to warn off intruders.
This proposal has been criticized because of the possibility of a break in continuity of the original message. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that any warning or sanction passed on for millennia would be obeyed, nor that it could survive with its original meaning intact. To counterbalance this possibility, Sebeok’s group proposed a “relay system” in which information is passed on over relatively short periods of time, just three generations ahead. The message then to be renewed and redesigned if necessary for the following three generations and so on over the required time span. In this way information could be relayed into the future and avoid the possibility of physical degradation.
A second defect is more difficult to dismiss, however. This is the problem of social exclusiveness brought about through possession of vital knowledge. Critics point out that the atomic priesthood could use its secret knowledge to control those who are scientifically ignorant. The establishment of such an association of insiders holding powerful knowledge not available except in mythic form to nonmembers would be a dangerous precedent for future social developments.
Trang 7/14 1. The word "chambers" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. partitions B. openings C. cavities D. fissures 2. What problem faced the commission assigned to deal with the burial of nuclear waste?
A. How to reduce the radioactive life of nuclear waste materials
B. How to form a committee that could adequately express various nuclear risks C. How to notify future generations of the risks of nuclear contamination
D. How to choose burial sites so as to minimize dangers to people.
3. In paragraph 2, the author explains the possible circumstances of future societies A. to warn about the possible natural catastrophe
B. to question the value of advances
C. to highlight humankind's inability to resolve problems
D. to demonstrate the reason nuclear hazards must be communicated 4. The word "scourges" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. pressures B. afflictions C. worries D. annoyances 5. In paragraph 4, the author mentions the second law of thermodynamics
A. to support the view that nuclear waste will disperse with time B. to show that knowledge can be sustained over millennia
C. to give the basic scientific reason behind the breakdown of material objects D. to contrast the potential life span of knowledge with that of material objects 6. The word "Its" in the passage refers to
A. knowledge B. committee C. solution D. guardians 7. In paragraph 5, why is the proposed committee of guardians referred to as the "atomic priesthood"?
A. Because they would be an exclusive group with knowledge about nuclear waste sites.
B. Because they would use rituals and legends to maintain their exclusiveness C. Because they would be an exclusive religious order
D. Because they would develop mythical taboos surrounding their traditions
8. According to the author, why did the task force under Sebeok propose a relay system for passing on information?
A. To show that Sebeok 's ideas created more problems than they solved B. To support the belief that breaks in communication are inevitable over time C. To contrast Sebeok's ideas with those proposed by his main critics
D. To compensate for the fact that meaning will not stable over long periods of time
9. According to paragraph 7, the second defect of the atomic priesthood proposal is that it could lead to
A. the nonmembers turning knowledge into dangerous mythical forms B. the possible misuse of exclusive knowledge
C. the establishment of a scientifically ignorant society
D. the priesthood's criticism of points concerning vital knowledge
10. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as difficulties in devising a communication system with the future EXCEPT
A. the failure to maintain communication link B. the loss of knowledge about today's civilization C. the inability of materials to endure over time D. the exclusiveness of priesthood
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Trang 8/14 Part 4: Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. (1.0 pt)
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
List of Headings
i The prevalence of numerical 'codes' in modern life ii How RSA works
iii A brief history of keeping things safe iv 'New math' vs 'medieval math' v Proof that RSA is effective vi The illusion of security
vii Cryptography: the modern key for the lock viii Why RSA is effective
ix In defence of medieval security systems x A new approach to system security
Example Answer Paragraph A iii 1. Paragraph B 2. Paragraph C 3. Paragraph D 4. Paragraph E 5. Paragraph F 6. Paragraph G
Using Mathematics to Secure Our Money A
Up until very recently people's wealth, mostly coins and jewels, was kept safe under lock and key.
Rich medieval families would keep a strong box with a large key, both of which were carefully hidden in different places. Later the box may have been kept in a bank. In either case, potential thieves would need to find both the box and the key. A similar principle was used for sending secret diplomatic and military messages. The messages were written in code with both the sender and the receiver having the key to the code. Thus, while the message could be discovered its meaning could only be found if the 'key' was also known. And so began a long-running battle between code-makers who tried to make better keys, and code-breakers who sought ways of finding them.
B
Nowadays, cryptography is central to how our money is kept secure, even though we may not be aware of it. Our money is no longer in a tangible form, but in the form of information kept with our banks. To keep everyone involved happy, the messages initiated by our plastic cards have to be sent and received safely and the entire operation must be carried out with a high level of confidentiality and security.
C
On a practical level, it is clear that the work of code-makers has been introduced into our daily financial lives. Our credit cards have 16-digit numbers on the front and a 3-digit number on the back.
They also contain a 'chip' that can do all sorts of mysterious operations with these numbers. Finally, we also have a Personal Identification Number which we all need to memorize. All these numbers form a type of cryptographic key. However, as we shall see, the modern crypto systems are very different in the way the keys are used.
D
The main feature of the traditional systems was that only one key was needed by both the sender and the receiver to understand the message. However the main problem was that the key itself needed to be communicated to both parties before they could use it. Obviously a major security risk.
A very different approach was developed in the 1970s, based on a different way of using the keys.
Now the main idea is that the typical user, let us call him Amir, has two keys; a 'public key' and a 'private key'. The public key is used to encrypt messages that other people wish to send to Amir, and
Trang 9/14 the private key is used by Amir to decrypt these messages. The security of the system is based on keeping Amir's private key secret.
E
This system of public-key cryptography, known as RSA- from the names of the developers (Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman) - was developed in the late 1970s and is based on a collection of several mathematical algorithms. The first is a process that allows the user, Amir, to calculate two numerical keys: private and public, based on two prime numbers. To complete the RSA system, two more algorithms are then needed: one for encrypting messages and one for decrypting them.
F
The effectiveness of RSA depends on two things. It is efficient, because the encryption and decryption algorithms used by participants are easy, in a technical sense they can be made precise.
On the other hand, it is believed to be secure, because no one has fund an easy way of decrypting the encrypted message without knowing Amir's private key.
G
When the RSA system was first written about in Scientifc American, the strength of the system was shown by challenging the readers to find the prime factors -the two original numbers - of a certain number with 129 digits. It took 17 years to solve this problem, using the combined efforts of over 600 people. So clearly it is a very secure system. Using mathematics in this way, scientists and technologists have enabled us to keep our money as secure as the rich medieval barons with their strong boxes and hidden keys.
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage?
In boxes 7-10, write
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOTGIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thank about this
7. Online banking makes most people nerous
8. The way keys are used in modern cryptograph is quite different from the past
9. The main problem with traditional cryptography systems is that neither party can decode the message.
10. The RSA system represents the most secure cryptography we are ever likely to develop
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
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Part 5. Read the text, identify which section A–F each of the following is mentioned. Write ONE letter A–F in the corresponding numbered space provided. Each letter may be used more than once. (1.5 pts)
A HISTORY OF HUMAN RIGHTS
A. In 539 BC, the armies of Cyrus the Great, the first King of ancient Persia, conquered the city of Babylon. But it was his next actions that marked a major advance for the human race. He freed the slaves, declared that all people had a right to choose their own religion, and established racial equality. These and other decrees were recorded on a baked-clay cylinder in the Akkadian language with cuneiform script. Known today as the Cyrus Cylinder, this ancient record has now been recognised as the world’s first charter of human rights. It is translated into all six official languages of the United Nations and its provisions parallel the first four Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
B. The Magna Carta, or ‘Great Charter’, was arguably the most significant early influence on the extensive historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law in the English-speaking world.
In 1215, after King John violated a number of ancient laws and customs by which England had been governed, his subjects forced him to sign the Magna Carta, which enumerates what later came to be thought of as human rights. Among them was the right of the church to be free from governmental interference, the rights of all free citizens to own and inherit property and to be protected from excessive taxes. It established the rights of widows who owned property to choose not to remarry, and established principles of due process and equality before the law. It also contained provisions for forbidding bribery and official misconduct.
C. On 4 July 1776, the United States Congress approved the Declaration of Independence. Its primary author, Thomas Jefferson, wrote the Declaration as a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on 2 July to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, as a statement announcing that the thirteen American Colonies were no longer a part of the British Empire. Congress issued the Declaration in several forms. It was initially published as a printed broadsheet that was widely distributed and read to the public. Philosophically, it stressed two themes: individual rights and the rights of revolution. These ideas spread internationally as well, influencing in particular the French Revolution.
D. In 1789, the people of France brought about the abolition of the absolute monarchy and set the stage for the establishment of the first French Republic. Just six weeks after the storming of the Bastille, and barely three weeks after the abolition of feudalism, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was adopted by the National Constituent Assembly as the first step towards writing a constitution for the Republic of France. The Declaration proclaims that all citizens are to be guaranteed the rights of liberty and equality. Liberty was defined as ‘being able to do anything that does not harm others’. Equality, on the other hand, was defined as judicial equality, which ‘must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in its eyes, shall be equally eligible to all high offices, public positions and employments, according to their ability, and without other distinction than that of their virtues and talents.’
E. In 1864, sixteen European countries and several American states attended a conference in Geneva on the initiative of the Geneva Committee. The diplomatic conference was held for the purpose of adopting a convention for the treatment of wounded soldiers in combat. The main principles laid down and adopted by the later Geneva Conventions provided for the obligation to extend care without discrimination to wounded and sick military personnel and respect for the marking of medical personnel transports and equipment with the distinctive sign of the red cross on a white background.
F. World War II had raged from 1939 to 1945, and as the end drew near, cities throughout Europe and Asia lay in smouldering ruins. Millions of people were dead, millions more were homeless or starving. In April 1945, delegates from fifty countries met in San Francisco full of optimism and hope. The goal of the United Nations Conference was to fashion an international body to promote
Trang 11/14 peace and prevent future war. Its ideals were stated in the preamble to the proposed charter: ‘We the peoples of the United Nations are determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind.’ The Charter of the New United Nations organisation went into effect on 24 October 1945, a date that is celebrated each year as United Nations Day.
Your answers the view that a situation which had wreaked widespread havoc could not be
repeated
1. _______
a recent consensus that an event had far-reaching global repercussions 2. _______
treating all sides equally during military conflicts 3. _______
the view that a protest against the flagrant injustice of a despotic monarch had far- reaching consequences
4. _______
surprise that widespread change came about in a relatively short space of time 5. _______
the suggestion that the unusual actions of a monarch were far ahead of their time 6. _______
an acknowledgement that a leader was prepared to justify his actions 7. _______
an expression of regret for mistakes made in the past 8. _______
the importance of something which officially tried to prevent a certain type of gender discrimination
9. _______
the idea that everyone should have the same opportunities for advancement 10. _______
D. WRITING (6.0 pts)
Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should be about 140 words long. (1.5 pts)
Being overweight makes many of us unhappy. There may be many reasons for our weight problem. Weight problems often run in the family. It could be a case of us overeating to make ourselves feel better when we are sad, stressed or lonely.
Weight management is about long-term success. People who lose weight quickly by crash dieting or other extreme measures usually gain back all, if not more, of the pounds they lost because they have not permanently changed their habits. Therefore, the best weight management strategies are those that you can maintain for a lifetime.
A new diet may help you lose weight for a little while. However, the weight often comes back unless you find new ways to deal with the problems that are leading to your weight gain. This may mean learning new ways to handle stress, finding ways to feel less lonely or talking with a counselor about your feelings.
Most diets are designed to make you lose a great deal of weight in the beginning. This is to encourage you. In actual fact, what you lose is mostly water and muscle. The water comes right back when you eat salty or processed food again. Losing weight is an uphill task and also takes time. So try not to get discouraged. Your effort will be worth it.
The key is to keep trying to eat the right food. The following are a few suggestions to help you change your diet. Make small, slow changes. Then, it will be easier to make the changes a part of your everyday life. For every few days, write down what you eat and drink that day. Use this record to help you see if you need to eat more from any food group such as fruits, vegetables or low-fat dairy products.
If you have a medical problem that requires a special diet, make sure you ask for help from your family doctor or a nutritionist. It is not advisable to do it on your own.
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Part 2: Chart description (1.5 pts)
The charts below give information about USA marriage and divorce rates between 1970 and 2000, and the marital status of adult Americans in two of the years.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Your writing should be at least 150 words.
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
1970 1980 1990 2000
millions
years
Number of marriages and divorces in the USA, 1970-2000
Marriages
Divorces
0 20 40 60 80
Never Married
Married Widowed Divorced
percentage of adults
marital status Marital status of adult Americans, 1970 and
2000
1970
2000
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Part 3. Essay writing (3.0 pts)
In some countries children have very strict rules of behavior, in other countries they are allowed to do almost anything they want. To what extent should children have to follow rules?
Express your view in an essay of about 300- 350 words.
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-THE END-
