TRƯỜNG THPT BÌNH CHÁNH
A. Pronunciation: Weak and strong form
- We use weak form when this part is not important
- We use strong form when we want to stress this part
Practise reading these sentences 1. What are you looking at?
2. I want to go but I don't know when.
3. She bought a book and two pens.
4. Thanks for coming.
5. Where is it from?
6. I'm from Hanoi.
7. She's the one I'm fond of.
8. First of all, I want to thank you for coming.
9. The letter was to him, not from him
10. I want to ask you a question.
The man who is standing is my brother.
I like the book which you gave me yesterday.
I. Đinh nghĩa
- Mệnh đề quan hệ (mệnh đề tính từ) bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, which, that, whose hay những trạng từ quan hệ:
why, where, when.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó
II. Đại từ quan hệ
1.WHO:
- làm chủ từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ - thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người ….. N (person) + WHO + V + O
2. WHOM:
- làm túc từ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
…..N (person) + WHOM + S + V 3. WHICH:
- làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ - thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật
….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V
4. THAT:
- có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong MĐQH xác định
* Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”:
- khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất - khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last
- khi danh từ đi trước bao gồm cả người và vật
- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone,
anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none
5. WHOSE dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their, hoặc hình thức sở hữu cách ( danh từ‘s)
…..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….
III. Trạng từ quan hệ
1. WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason
…..N (reason) + WHY + S + V …
Ex: I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school.
2. WHERE: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc there
….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ….
(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ex: The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
= The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t very clean.
3. WHEN: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then
….N (time) + WHEN + S + V …
(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ex: Do you still remember the day when we first met?
= Do you still remember the day on which we first met?
MĐQH XÁC ĐỊNH MĐQH QUAN HỆ KHÔNG XÁC ĐỊNH Danh từ bổ nghĩa không rõ
ràng
Danh từ bổ nghĩa rõ ràng
tên riêng: Mary, Tom
tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, our, their + N
đại từ chỉ đinh: this, that, these, those + N Không có dấu phẩy Có dấu phẩy
People who drink and drive are a danger to everyone.
This is the horse which won last year’s race.
A member whose car breaks down can ring this number.
Bill, who won the race last year, hopes to win again.
His new car, which he paid $ 15,000 for, has broken down.
This car, whose tires were bad, skidded on the wet road.
IV. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định( Defining relative clauses)
và Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non- defining relative clauses
Khi động từ của mệnh đề quan hệ kèm theo giới từ (in, on, of, about, to, with,…), ta có thể đem giới từ đó lên trước đại từ quan hệ khi viết lại câu
Lưu ý: Không dùng cách này cho Phrasal Verb (ngữ động từ) The girl is my sister. We are talking about her
The girl whom we are talking about is my sister.
The girl about whom we are talking is my sister.
Lưu ý: Các cụm từ some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of … phải đặt trước whom, which và whose + N.
I have two sisters. Both of them are students.
I have two sisters, both of whom are students.
She tried on three dresses. None of them fitted her.
She tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her.
V. Mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ
LOẠI DẠNG RÚT GỌN
VÍ DỤ
CHỦ
ĐỘNG
V-ing The man who spoke to John is my brother.
The man speaking to John is my brother BỊ
ĐỘNG
V3/ed I live in a house that was built in 1890.
I live in a house built in 1890.
the first/ second,..
(số thứ tự)
the last/only/next so sánh nhất.
CHỦ ĐỘNG
to V Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
Gagarin was the first man to fly into space BỊ
ĐỘNG
to be + V3/ed
This is the second person who was killed in that way.
This is the second person to be killed in that way.
VI. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ
1) He bought all the books ______ are needed for the English course.
A. that B. what C. those D. whose
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer for each question.
2) The man ______ was in charge of the management didn't seem friendly to us at all.
A. who B. whom C. where D. when
5) Is this the person ___________ you told me yesterday?
A. which B. whom C. what D. why
3) What’s the name of the man _________car you borrowed?
A. who B. which C. that D. whose
4) August is the month ______ I always give my birthday parties.
A. which B. when C. what D. why
E.g.: The girl who is standing there is my sister.
The girl standing there is my sister 1. I don’t like people who arrive late.
………
2. I live in the house which was built a century ago.
………..……
3. The people who work here are very interesting.
………
4. The handkerchief which was embroidered by my sister was really beautiful.
………
5. I want to meet the woman who taught me how to drive.
………
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences,
using present or past participle phrases
E.g.: The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
The last person to leave the room must turn off the light.
1. He was the first man who left the burning building.
………
2. The pilot was the only man that survived the crash.
………..
3. The fifth man who was interviewed was completely unsuitable.
……….
4. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island.
……….
5. You are the last person who saw her alive.
………
Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences,
using infinitive phrases.
Exercise 4: Join the followings sentences in two ways
Example:
I read a book. It was written by a friend of mine.
I read a book which was written by a friend of mine.
I read a book written by a friend of mine
1. Vietnam exports a lot of rice. It is grown mainly in the south of the country.
2. Most of the people recovered quickly. They were injured in the crash.
3. There are a lot of people in your office. They want to talk to you.
4. Britain imports many cars. They were made in Japan.
5. The children were playing football in the schoolyard. They were my students.
- Prepare for the next lesson
