Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§1. Revision of the Present Simple, Present Progressive, Present Perfect and Past Simple Revision
►Form
Present Simple S + V
Present Progressive S + am/ is/ are + V-ing Present Perfect S + have/ has + Past Participle Past Simple S + V-ed/ Verb in column 2
►Use
Present Simple: something always true (past, present and future).
Nhung rides her bike to school. (Her habit every day)
Present Progressive: something happened at/ around the moment of speaking.
Ngoc often goes to school by bus, but today she is riding her bike to school. (At the moment of speaking).
Present Perfect:
1. Something beginning in the past and continuing to the present.
Binh has studied in that school for four years. (He is still studying there now.) 2. Something happening at an unspecified point of time in the past.
She has just washed her clothes.
Past Simple: something beginning and ending in the past.
Huy studied in that school for four years. Then, he moved to another school.
Exercises
A. Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences.
1. Tien isn’t at home. He ____________ at the office.
A. works B. working C. has worked D. worked
2. This is the first time Quyen ______________ to the Mekong Delta, so everything is strange to her.
A. is going B. has gone C. went D. has been
3. Ha _____________ a dog, but it _____________ three years ago.
A. had/ died B. had/ dead C. has had/ died D. has/ died
4. Thuan ______________ in the kitchen. She _______________ dinner.
A. is/ prepare B. is being/ is preparing C. is/ is preparing D. is being/ has prepared
5. Nam Cao ___________ a lot of excellent novels during his life.
A. writes B. is writing C. has written D. wrote
6. Mr. Nam is a novelist and he ______________ a lot of novels.
A. writes B. is writing C. has written D. wrote
7. – Can I speak to Vien, please?
- I’m sorry, she ___________ out.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. was
8. Ngoc ____________ badminton in her free time, but now she __________ swimming.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0 A. plays/ prefers B. plays. Is preferring
C. played/ prefers D. has played/ prefers
B. Supply the correct tenses of the verb in parentheses.
1. – What (do) _________________?
- I (look) ______________ for the information about Helen Keller.
2. Mr. Vinh is a writer. He (write) ________________ 4 novels.
3. My father (retire) _____________________ last months. He (work) _______________ all his life for one company.
4. You can use my dictionary. I (not/ need) ___________________________ it at the moment.
5. Hurry up! The bus (come) ______________________.
6. The team (win) _____________________ 15 games so far this season.
Last season, they (win) _______________ only 13 games.
C. Write true sentences about yourself, using the activities below, Remember to supply the correct forms of the verbs.
Simple Present Present Progressive Present Perfect Past Simple Get up early Wear a white T-shirt Be abroad Go to the movie theatre last night
Ride a bike to
school Wear a watch Study English for more than 5 years.
Read a comic book last week Brush teeth twice
a day Do English exercises Listen to English music
Eat a big breakfast last weekend Have more than
one sister Stay at home Join an English speaking club
Help Mum do housework yesterday
Like candies Wear glasses See a famous person Be absent from class yesterday
Example: I get up early.
I don’t ride a bike to school.
1. ...
2. ...
3. ...
4. ...
5. ...
6. ...
7. ...
8. ...
9. ...
10. ...
11. ...
12. ...
13. ...
14. ...
15. ...
16. ...
17. ...
18. ...
19. ...
20. ...
D. Make a similar table, using your own information. The write sentences.
Simple Present Present Progressive Present Perfect Past Simple Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
1. ...
2. ...
3. ...
4. ...
5. ...
6. ...
7. ...
8. ...
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§ 2. Revision of the Past Simple and Past Perfect.
Revision
► Form
Past simple S + V-ed/ Verb in column 2 Past Perfect S + had + past participle
►Use Past Simple
An activity in the past
Hung came to my house yesterday.
Past perfect
An activity that was completed before another activity in the past
I had already gone out when he got to my house.
An activity that had happened before a point of time in the past.
Mai had finished her homework by 5 p.m yesterday.
►Note
When before or after is used, the past perfect is not always necessary because the time relationship is clear.
The basketball match had started before you arrived at the stadium.
The basketball match started before you arrived at the stadium.
After Lien had started the phone, she went out.
After Lien answered the phone, she went out.
Exercises
A. Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences.
1. Did anyone forget to lock the door yesterday afternoon?
A. I don’t know. I went out by noon.
B. I don’t know. I had gone out by noon.
2. Why are you so good at advertising?
A. I worked for an advertising company for 5 years.
B. I had worked for an advertising company for 5 years.
3. You lived in Hue from 1995 to 2000, right?
A. Yes,. And I lived in Da Nang by that time.
B. Yes. And I had lived in Da Nang by that time.
4. How did the play end?
A. No idea. I left when it ended.
B. No idea. I had left when it ended.
5. Did you see Lan yesterday?
A. Yes. She was having lunch when I saw her.
B. Yes. She was having lunch when I had seen her.
B. Simple Past or Past Perfect? Use the Simple Past or Past Perfect tense of the verbs in the list.
lend reach be work change act meet begin recognize consider
1. Mr. Hai is a journalist for a famous newspaper in Ha Noi. Before being a journalist, he ___________________ as a teacher.
2. I (never) ____________________ in front of so many audiences so I was very nervous in the play.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
3. As soon as tourists ________________ the village, it ________________ to rain.
4. Last month, a friend of mine ___________________ me the book “Harry Potter” and I adored it from the very beginning. Until that time, I (never) _________________ it interesting.
5. We are very lucky and happy because our country ___________________ independent by the time we were born.
6. Last night, I ________________ my old friend at the bus stop. At first, I (not) _________________ her because she ______________ a lot.
C. Reading the following passage and fill in each blank with appropriate tense and form of the word in parentheses.
Yesterday, (1) ____________ (be) a terrible day to me. When I (2) _____________ (leave) home for work at 7, it (3) ____________ (begin) to rain. Since I (4) ____________ (not/have) an umbrella, I (5) ______________ (run) to the bus stop near my house. Then, when I (6)
_____________ (get) into the bus, I (7) ______________ (discover) that I (8) _____________
(leave) my wallet at home.I was so embarrassed that I (9) ______________ (not/know) what to say.
Luckily, a kind woman (10) _____________ (lend) me 2000 dong to pay for the ticket.
On the way home after work, I (11) _______________ (remember) that I (12) _____________
(not/take) the key with me so I couldn’t enter my house. I had to wait until my sister (13) ______________ (come) home at night.
I thought a lot that night, and I had a lesson from that day. All the bad luck of the day (14)
_____________ (be) just because I (15) _____________ (not/prepare) well the night before.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§3. Will, Be going to and Present Progressive Revision
►Form
Future Simple S + will + bare infinitive
Near Future S + am/ is/ are going to + bare inf Present Progressive S + am/ is/ are + V-ing
►Use
Future Simple: Describe something you have just decided to do now.
- Do you know tomorrow is Lan’s birthday?
- Really? I’ll send a card.
Near future: Describe something you have already decided to do before now or something that is sure to happen.
- Can you lend me your dictionary?
- Sorry but I’m going to use it.
Present Progressive: Describe something you have already decided to do and made an arrangement.
- We are visiting Miss Ha this Sunday. Will you join us?
- What a pity! I’m taking part in the TOEFL on that day.
Exercises
A. Choose the most appropriate reply to each of the following sentences.
1. There’s a good film on at Minh Chau movie theatre tonight.
A. Wow! I’ll go and see it.
B. Wow! I’m going to see it.
C. Wow! I’m seeing it.
2. The doorbell’s ringing.
A. I’ll answer it.
B. I’m going to answer it.
C. I’m answering it.
3. How about the picnic this weekend?
A. Sorry I’ll fly to Ha Noi.
B. Sorry I’m going to fly to Ha Noi.
C. Sorry I’m flying to Ha Noi.
4. What’s wrong with you? Your face looks red.
A. I’ll be ill.
B. I’m going to be ill.
C. I’m being ill.
5. Do you want some tea?
A. No, thanks. I’ll have a cup of coffee at the office, as usual.
B. No, thanks. I’m going to have a cup of coffee at the office, as usual.
C. No, thanks. I’m having a cup of coffee at the office, as usual.
B. Put the verbs in the correct tense (future simple, near future or present progressive) Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
C. Each of the following sentences has a mistake on the verb tense. Find and correct it.
1. Do you know Miss Mai will get married next month?
...
2. A: I’m afraid we have to change our plan. We can’t meet at the Italian restaurant because it’s closed.
B: In that case, I’m going to see you at Van Khoa coffee shop.
...
3. Look! Cong Vinh has the ball near the goal. He is scoring a goal.
...
4. The exam is not very difficult. I think Phat is passing it.
...
5. Ask Miss Nhu if you don’t understand the lesson. I’m sure she is going to help you. She’s very nice.
...
D. Write true sentences about yourself based on the following cues. Remember to use the correct tense (future simple, near future or present progressive). Add the time if necessary.
1. Go on a picnic.
...
2. Phone on old friend.
...
3. Spend my summer vacation in the mountains.
...
4. Take part in voluntary activities.
...
5. Study another foreign language.
...
6. Join a school sport team.
...
7. Find a part time job.
...
8. Pass the entrance exam to university.
...
1. Look at the sky. There are a lot of clouds. It (rain)
__________________
2. Oh dear! We (play)
_______________ soccer this afternoon. We’ve even bought a new ball for this match.
3. I’m afraid you have to delay the match. I hope the weather (be) ________________ fine next week.
4. I hope so. So this afternoon I (stay) ________________ to fix the bike.
5. I (lend) ______________
you a hand. Anyway, I’m free all day.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§4. Passive voice Revision
►Form
Active S + V + O
Passive S + be + past participle (+ by agent) (same tense)
Active: Peter builds a house.
Passive: A house is built by Peter.
►Use
Passive is used when
- We do not care who causes the action.
- We do not know who causes the action.
►Note
We cannot change an active sentence into passive if that sentence doesn’t have an object.
I go to school everyday.
(“go” is an intransitive verb and doesn’t have an object.)
When the subject in the active sentence is “someone, people” or pronouns such as “I, you, he”, etc… we do not use “by + agent” in the passive sentence.
Someone broke the window.
The window was broken. (NOT: by someone)
When the verb in the active sentence has two objects, (Direct Object Od and Indirect Object Oi), there are two ways to change the sentence into passive.
Active S + V + Od + to/ for + Oi
Passive S + be + past participle + to/ for + Oi (+ by agent) (same tense)
Active: Mary sent a letter to John two weeks ago.
Passive: A letter was sent to John two weeks ago.
Active S + V + Oi + Od
Passive S + be + past participle + Od (+ by agent) (same tense)
Active: My brother bought me a blue shirt.
Passive: I was bought a blue shirt.
Exercises
A. Correct the mistakes where necessary.
1. By 2010, the new house will have been building.
...
2. Our uncle is taken Susan to hospital.
...
3. The car is repaired at the moment.
...
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0 4. He will be become a millionaire in the future.
...
5. John was glad when he was received the gold medal.
...
6. A robber broke the window of the shop.
...
7. I was given to a nice dress for my 18th birthday.
...
B. Complete the following sentences with a correct passive construction.
1. We require suitable candidates to be bilingual.
Suitable candidates ... bilingual.
2. The Chairman of the Board asked the Managing Director to remain in charge for another year.
The Managing Director ... another year.
3. The entire press corps is interviewing him right now.
He ... right now.
4. Didn’t anyone tell you to wear a jacket and tie in the restaurant?
... to wear a jacket and tie in the restaurant?
5. They will have to rebuild the entire front of the prototype.
The entire front of the prototype ...
6. Nobody has ever called me “Honey”!
... “Honey”!
7. I haven’t decided on anything yet.
Nothing ... yet.
8. Someone told me that the road works caused delays.
... that the road works cause delays.
9. People sometimes say that every cloud has a silver lining.
It ... that every cloud has a silver lining.
C. Fill in the blanks with the suitable tenses and forms of the words in brackets.
1. The words ___________________ (explain) by the teacher today.
2. We ___________________ (send) a letter the day before yesterday.
3. This street ___________________ (already/ close) because of snow.
4. A new restaurant ___________________ (open) next week.
5. He ___________________ (invite) to his classmate’s party yesterday.
6. I ___________________ (give) the book by my friend next Tuesday.
D. Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks.
1. An interesting idea ___________________ for discussion.
A. put forward B. was putting forward C. was putted forward D. was put forward
2. My debt ___________________ in five years time.
A. will paid off B. will being paid off C. will be payed off D. will be paid off
3. Visitors’ coats ___________________ over there.
A. can hung up B. can be hung up C. can be hanged up D. can hang up
4. The flood water ___________________ by barriers.
A. was be kept back B. was been kept back C. was being kept back D. was being keep back
5. The protesters ___________________ by the police.
A. are being held back B. are being holding back C. are being hold back D. are holding back 6. Nothing ___________________ me.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0 A. can held against B. can be held against
C. can be hold against D. can be holding against 7. She ___________________.
A. had be never heard of B. has never been heared of C. has never been herad of D. has never been hearing of 8. The inconvenience ___________________ by this money.
A. will make up for B. will being made up for C. will been made up for D. will be made up for 9. Three thousand employees ___________________.
A. were lied off B. were laying off C. were layed off D. were laid off 10. ___________________ to you yet?
A. Have the book been given back B. Have the book been gave back C. Have the book been give back D. Have the book being given back Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§5. Passive Voice with Modals Revision
►Form
Active S + modal + V + O
Passive S + modal + be + past participle (+ by agent) (same tense)
Active: You must do this immediately.
Passive: This must de done immediately.
Active S + modal + have + past participle + O
Passive S + modal + have been + past participle (+ by agent) (same tense)
Active: They may have built the house in 1970.
Passive: The house may have been built in 1970.
Exercises
A. Change the following sentences into passive, using the words given.
1. It’s time the government took actions to solve the problem of unemployment. (must) ...
2. Why don’t you paint the wall? (should)
...
3. You must never tell the truth to anyone. (mustn’t)
...
4. If you don’t do your homework, your teacher may punish you tomorrow. (by) ...
5. Read the document carefully before giving your signature. (should)
...
6. People can hear the fishing fleet from afar. (be)
...
7. The students must do this exercise in class. (home)
...
B. Read the situations and make sentences using passive voice with modals of the verb given.
1. The pipe is leaking. (repair)
It ...
2. John is seriously ill today. (take)
He ...
3. This is a secret. (tell)
It ...
4. My car was outside some minutes ago, but I can’t see it anywhere now. (steal) ...
5. This mushroom is poisonous. (eat)
This mushroom ...
6. The flowers are withering due to a lack of water. (water)
The flowers ...
7. Anne fell off the tree and she couldn’t walk. (break) Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
Anne’s leg ...
C. Underline the correct answer.
1. You (mustn’t be overcome/ mustn’t overcome) by the difficulties if you want to succeed in life.
2. A party (may be given/ may being given) this weekend.
3. Nothing (can’t be hear/ can be heard) because of the noisy surroundings.
4. Nobody (could be received/ could receive) the gold medal.
5. You (must be feeling/ must be felt) very happy because you’ve passed your final exam with satisfying marks.
D. Use the correct forms of the verbs in the box together with the modal verbs suggested after each sentence to make meaningful and correct sentences.
split up understand shoot throw out spend shake think of shut write sweep
1. The bottle _____________________. (should not)
2. The class _____________________ into groups of five in this speaking activity. (should) 3. He _____________________ in the crossfire yesterday. (might)
4. The door _____________________. I can’t remember closing it. (can’t) 5. They _____________________ so much money on the army. (should)
6. All eventualities _____________________ so that nothing will surprise us. (must) 7. Nothing more _____________________ about love. (can)
8. Cleanliness is the slogan of the day. So everything __________________ diligently. (must) 9. Batteries _____________________ in the communal waste. (must not)
10. He speaks very slowly, so his _____________________ easily. (can) Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§6. Present Perfect Passive Revision
►Form
Active S + have/ has + past participle + O
Passive S + have/ has been + past participle (+ by agent) Active: Somebody has eaten all the apples.
Passive: All the apples have been eaten.
►Use
To express an activity in the past but the result is in the present when it is not important to know the subject.
The house is new now. It has been painted.
(We needn’t know who had painted the house)
To express an activity happening before now without knowing the time and it is not important to
know the subject.
The letter you sent her hasn’t been read yet.
►Note
When we want to show who has performed the action, we use “by + agent”.
The computer has been bought by another customer.
Exercises
A. Each sentence has a mistake. Find and correct it.
1. I have been invited to a party last week.
have been was
2. The house is in a bad condition. It has ever been tidied since 1995.
...
3. Tien has a pain on his leg because he has been fallen off his bike.
...
4. The thieves has been arrested.
...
5. My jacket has been mended my aunt.
...
6. The man has never seen before.
...
B. Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect tense, either active or passive.
1. Long has to go to school by bus. His bike (steal) ______________________.
2. Nga has a broken leg. She (fall) ______________________ off her motorbike.
3. We have to stop since the motorbike (run) ______________________ out of petrol.
4. The letter (send) _________________ but why _________ I (receive) ___________ it yet.
5. It (never, be) ______________________ so hot this year.
6. ______________ the meal (prepare) ____________________ yet?
7. ______________ anyone (see) ___________________ Hai recently?
8. It is the first time Nhan (rush) ______________________ to hospital.
C. What has happened? Use the present perfect passive.
1. The clothes are clean now.
They have been washed.
2. Mai and Thanh have two invitation cards to a party.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
They ...
3. The watch didn’t work yesterday; but now it is OK.
It ...
4. There was a forest here; but now it is a clear land.
The trees ...
5. I can’t go to my room.
My key ...
6. There is no grass in the garden.
The grass ...
7. There is no waste paper in the waste bin.
The waste bin ...
8. People don’t have to pass the river on boats now.
A new bridge ...
D. Linda has a robot at home but her mother doesn’t want her to be lazy. She wants her to do the
house work on her own. One day, when she comes home, the house is very tidy. She asks Linda some questions. Make questions and answers from the words provided, using the present perfect passive.
1. The floor / clean
Mother: Has the floor been cleaned?
Linda: Yes, mum.
2. The dishes / wash
Mother: ...
Linda: Of course they have.
3. The clothes / iron
Mother: How about the clothes? ...
Linda: Look. They are all in the wardrobe.
4. The dinner / table
Mother: ...
Linda: Yes, it has.
5. The bed / make
Mother: ...
Linda: It was made in the morning.
6. The meal / prepare
Mother: ...
Linda: Yes. Can you smell the food?
7. The flowers / water
Mother: ...
Linda: They are fresh now.
8. Homework / do
Mother: You are so excellent. ...
Linda: Yes, Mum.
Mother: Hm… Linda. Have you done all of the work?
Linda: Hm… I’ve only done my homework. The others have been done by the robot.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§7. Comparisons Revision
►Form
COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY as + adjective / adverb + as
not as/ so + adjective / adverb + as Tuan is as tall as his brother.
Lam is not as clever as Thanh
COMPARISONS OF SUPERIORITY short adjective / adverb –er + than more + long adjective / adverb + than less + adjective / adverb + than Your CD player is cheaper than mine.
The French restaurant is more expensive than the Italian restaurant.
This term test is less difficult than the last one.
►Use
Comparatives are used to compare two things or places or people.
►Note
Short Adjectives: adjectives that have only one syllable.
Long Adjective: adjectives that have more than one syllable.
Two-syllable adjectives that en in –ow, -et, -le, -y are considered short adjectives.
narrow narrower quiet quieter clever cleverer simple simpler busy busier
With some adjectives that end with consonant – vowel – consonant, we double the last letter.
big bigger hot hotter
Two-syllable adjectives that end in –y, we make the comparative by changing the y to i and adding er.
angry angrier
Some common irregular comparatives Adj / Adv Comparative Superlative good / well better the best
bad / badly worse the worst much / many more the most little / few less the least
far farther / further the farthest / furthest Exercises
A. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. This exercise is ____________________ than the previous one. I can do the previous one very easily, but not this one.
2. Riding a horse is not ____________________ riding a bike. You need more skills and practice to ride a horse.
3. These computers are ____________________ than those.
4. The world problems are getting ____________________ to solve.
5. Bob is ____________________ than his brother. He can solve almost any math problem.
6. This time he’s made ____________________ mistakes because he’s a proofread more carefully.
7. – Who is ____________________, Mary or Jane?
- I think Mary is. She’s 1.75 meters high.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
8. Are you sure that Sydney is ____________________ than Anchorage?
9. Your glasses are ____________________ mine. Mine cost only 20,000 dong.
10. I don’t think this unit is ____________________ than the previous one. I can understand this one better.
B. In the following six sentences, there is only ONE true sentence. Correct the factual mistakes in the rest 5. Write the correct sentences in the spaces provided.
1. Mt. Blanc is higher than Mt. Everest.
...
2. Italy is bigger than France.
...
3. The USA is further from England than Australia.
...
4. The German population is higher than the Indian population.
...
5. Chicago is more famous than New York.
...
6. Living in London is more expensive than living in Ha Noi.
...
C. Complete each sentence using an adjective from the box with –er or more or irregular.
expensive / cheap big / small hot / cold good / bad
1. If something improves, it gets ...
2. If something deteriorates, it gets ...
3. If something heats up, it gets ...
4. If something cools down, it gets ...
5. If prices go up, they get ...
6. If prices go down, they get ...
7. If something expands, it gets ...
8. If something shrinks, it gets ...
D. Correct the grammatical and spelling mistakes.
1. Chicago is dangerouser than London.
2. New York is biger than Chicago.
3. Americans work more hard than English people.
4. The transport in London isn’t as well than San Francisco.
5. The Americans drive more fast than the English.
6. I’m more happy now because I’ve got a new job.
7. Terminator 3 is badder than Terminator 2.
8. Basketball players are more taller than baseball players.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§8. Conditional Sentences Revision
►Form
If clause Main clause Type 1
Real in the Present/
Future
Present Simple Future Simple Type 2
Unreal in the Present Past Simple would
could + bare infinitive might
Type 3
Unreal in the past Past Perfect would
could + have + past participle might
If the weather is fine, my family will spend the weekend in the country.
I would help Hanh if I was/ were you.
If it hadn’t been for your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded.
►Note
We can use can/ may + bare infinitive in main clause for type 1.
Hey! Let’s buy a map. We may get lost if we don’t have a map.
For Type 2, in if clause, we can use either past simple or past subjunctive.
(Past subjunctive: we always use were for the verb to be) If I was/ were a teacher, I would be an English teacher.
Exercises
A. Choose the correct response for each of the following sentences.
1. Excuse me! Can you show me the way to Tao Dan park?
2. I really want to please my parents but I don’t know how.
3. Will you go on a picnic on Sunday?
4. Hoang! Can you lend me a hand?
5. How much sugar would you like in your coffee?
6. Yesterday was Tam’s birthday.
7. Today’s a volunteer day. Every one’s sweeping the streets outside.
A. I would have sent her a card if I had known.
B. I would if I weren’t busy.
C. If I were you, I would talk to them to see what they think.
D. I would join them if I weren’t ill.
E. If you go straight a long Nguyen Thi Minh Khai street, you’ll see it on your left.
F. We will if it doesn’t rain.
G. A little. If you add so much, it’ll be very sweet.
B. Supply the correct forms of the verb in parentheses, using conditional sentences (Type 1, 2, 3).
Phuc: Excuse me, Miss Xuan! I was absent yesterday, so I don’t understand much about your physics lesson about rains.
Miss Xuan: What a pity! If you (1)_______________ (be) in class yesterday, you (2)______________ (see) a documentary about rains. So what isn’t clear to you?
Phuc: Why does it rain?
Miss Xuan: Well! If the clouds (3)________________ (become) so heavy for the steam in the air, rain drop (4)________________ (appear) and (5)___________________ (fall) down.
Phuc: What about hails? Is there ice in the clouds?
Miss Xuan: Of course not. If the temperature (6)__________________ (be) under 0oC, the rain drops (7)___________________ (become) ice, like in the refrigerator. Is there hail in
Viet Nam, Phuc?
Phuc: Rarely.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
Miss Xuan: Right. But if it (8)___________________ (hail), what (9)______________ you _________ (do) to keep safe?
Phuc: I wouldn’t go out because it would be very dangerous.
C. Make conditional sentences (Type1, 2, 3) from the following situations.
1. Thanh is a good student. She is going to take an exam. Her parents have promised to give her a
new bike as a gift for a good result.
If Thanh has a good result, her parents will give her a new bike.
2. Mr. Thuan had an accident last week. His head was badly injured because he didn’t wear a helmet.
...
3. Lien forgot to lock her bike when she went into the bookstore, so it was stolen.
...
4. Suong always does morning exercises. That is why she has very good health.
...
5. Loc is going to take an example but he does not know which books he should read. He thinks he will ask his teacher and she can help him.
...
6. Many people lost their homes in the tsunami in 2004.
...
7. The river is dirty because people keep throwing waste into it.
...
D. Answer the following questions, using conditional sentences.
1. What would you do if you were of the opposite sex?
...
2. What would you do if you had one million dong?
...
3. What would you do if a foreign spoke so fast that you couldn’t understand?
...
4. What would you do if after a meal at a restaurant, you discovered that you had left your money at home?
...
5. What would you do if a day had 25 hours?
...
6. What would you do if you saw an accident but you were nearly late for school?
...
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§9. Information Questions Revision
►Form
Question word Examples
Who (subject) - Who is knocking at the door?
Who (object) - Who are you talking to?
What (subject) - What happened in 1945?
What (object) - What do you want to be in the future?
Where - Where can I find the best food in the city?
When - When did the World War II start?
Which - Which soup would you like, tomato or potato soup?
Why - Why are you crying?
Whose - Whose pen is it?
How - How do you travel to school?
Exercises
A. Supply the correct words for the following questions.
1. Mommy! ____________ is the sky so blue?
2. ____________ large is Vietnam?
3. There were two cakes on the table, ____________ has eaten one?
4. – Please give me my coat. I have to leave now.
- There are two coats. ____________ one is yours?
5. Excuse me. ____________ is the nearest hotel?
6. ____________ do you mean by saying you are full? You haven’t had much food. Try some more.
7. A: Can I speak to Tung, please?
B: He’s gone out.
A: ____________ will he come back?
B: I’m sorry I don’t know.
8. - Hey! I have a new job?
- Congratulations! ____________ company?
9. - ____________ is the weather?
- It’s the nicest day I’ve ever seen.
10. - ____________ nationality are you?
- Vietnamese.
11. - Nhan has three bags. ____________ bag does he like most?
- The blue one.
B. Match the questions in column A to their appropriate answers in column B.
A B
1. Who knows the answer?
2. What was the movie about?
3. What brand name is your TV?
4. How long does it take to go to your house?
5. Whose book are you holding?
6. How many times do I have to tell you not to run around?
7. Where were you last month? I phoned you but you weren’t in.
8. What is the capital of China?
a. I’m sorry, Mum.
b. It’s Sony.
c. In 10 minutes.
d. For 10 minutes.
e. Me f. I was sick.
g. A sad love story in China.
h. Lan’s. She left it here.
i. Beijing.
j. In Beijing. I was on
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0 9. When will the match start?
10. Why didn’t you go to class yesterday?
business.
C. Make questions for the following replies.
1. ...
I’d like a beefsteak, please.
2. ...
I’m watering the plants in the garden.
3. ...
It takes about ten minutes to go to school.
4. ...
She’s 1.6 meter tall.
5. ...
The red book is mine.
D. Hung is at an oral exam in English. Below is the information about him. Work in pair. One is the examiner and the other is Hung. Make questions and answer.
Name: Dang Van Hung Age: 15
Class: 10B
Date of birth: Mar 14, 1991 Place of birth: Can Tho
Address: 125 Nguyen Trai Str, District 1 Hobbies: swimming and reading
Favourite subject: English and Georgraphy Started studying English: 10 years old in a center near home.
Reasons for studying English: like it, father is an English teacher.
Examiner
1. What your name?
2. ……….
3. ……….
4. ……….
5. ……….
6. ……….
7. ……….
8. ……….
9. ……….
10. ……….
11. ……….
Hung
1. I’m Hung, Dang Van Hung.
2. ……….
3. ……….
4. ……….
5. ……….
6. ……….
7. ……….
8. ……….
9. ……….
10. ……….
11. ……….
E. Now, you are talking the oral exam. Ask and answer about yourself and fill in the information below.
Examiner
1. What your name?
2. ……….
3. ……….
4. ……….
5. ……….
6. ……….
7. ……….
8. ……….
You
1. My name is ……….
2. ……….
3. ……….
4. ……….
5. ……….
6. ……….
7. ……….
8. ……….
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0 9. ……….
10. ……….
11. ……….
9. ……….
10. ……….
11. ……….
Name: ……….
Age: ………
Class: ……….
Date of birth: ………
Place of birth: ………..
Address: ………
Hobbies: ………
Favourite subject: ………
Started studying English: ………
……….
Reasons for studying English: ……….
……….
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§10. Defining Relative Clauses Revision
►Form Function
No comma used in defining relative clause.
Relative pronouns
Person Thing
Subject who / that which / that
Object who / whom / that which / that Possessive whose whose
►Use
Defining relative clauses are clauses that give essential information to define or identify the
person or thing we are talking about. Obviously, this is only necessary if there is more than one person or thing involved.
Students who have good marks will receive presents.
(There are many students, but only those with good marks can get presents.)
►Note
The relative pronoun stands in place of a noun. This noun usually appears earlier in the sentence.
The woman who spoke at the meeting was my sister.
Who, whom and which can be replaced by that. This is very common in spoken English.
The woman who / that spoke at the meeting was my sister.
The relative pronoun can be omitted when it is the object of the clause.
The mouse that the elephant loved was very beautiful.
Or The mouse the elephant loved was very beautiful.
Both of these sentences are correct, though the second one is more common in spoken English.
Whose is used for things as well as for people.
The man whose car was stolen is my friend’s father.
Whom is very formal and is only used in written English. You can use who / that, or omit the pronoun completely.
The doctor whom / who / that I was hoping to see wasn’t on duty.
That normally follows
- words like something, anything, everything, nothing, all, only, much, little, some, no and superlatives.
I will give you all the money that I have.
He was the first person that could answer such a difficult question.
Everything that I learned proves to be useful now.
This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
- mixed antecedent
I haven’t seen the man and his two dogs that passed my house everyday lately.
- interrogative pronoun who and that Who is she that you say hello?
We cannot use that - in non-restrictive clause
John, who (not that) we are talking about, is a teacher.
- after preposition
The bed which we sleep in is very comfortable.
(= The bed in which we sleep is very comfortable.) The bed that we sleep in is very comfortable.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0 BUT NOT: The bed in that we sleep is very comfortable.
Exercises
A. Combine the following sentences using defining relative clauses.
1. The paintings have been found. They disappeared from the museum some time ago.
The paintings ...
2. I bought a pair of shoes yesterday. They were made in Italy.
The shoes ...
3. We listened to her talk last night. It was really interesting.
The talk ...
4. Do you know that tall man? Our principal is talking to him.
Do you know ...
5. The dog is Mr. Thompson’s. It is very savage.
The dog ...
6. The woman lives next door to us. She is a top model.
The woman ...
7. I wrote Susan a letter this morning. Did you send it for me?
Did you send ...
8. This is my close friend. I talked to you about him last night.
This is ...
B. Match the parts on the left (1-5) with the parts on the right (a-e) to make complete sentences.
Write the suitable relative pronouns on the spaces in front of the right parts, then write the complete sentences in the spaces below.
1. The taxi driver a. ……… I saw last night wasn’t very good.
2. The movie b. ……… I spoke to at the party gave me advice.
3. The director c. ……… took me to the airport was friendly.
4. The story d. ……… got the most votes received the Oscar.
5. The man e. ……… we are reading is called “the Lotus Eater”
1. ...
2. ...
3. ...
4. ...
5. ...
C. Choose the correct relative pronoun to fill in the gap. There may be more than one correct answer for some questions.
1. The girl ____________ is sitting in front of you now, is a friend of mine.
A. whom B. who C. which
2. The letter __________ you sent to our customers last week contained three spelling errors.
A. to which B. who C. which
3. The car ____________ I fancy most is Mercedes.
A. that B. which C. what
4. I am looking for a plant ____________ flowers in February.
A. that B. which C. who
5. I have just finished a book about a piano player ____________ sole ambition in life was to perform for the pope.
A. whose B. which C. whom
6. I have been invited to the birthday party of a friend ____________ I haven’t seen for years.
A. which B. whom C. whose
7. The person ____________ An is most keen on is me.
A. whom B. on whom C. which
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
8. Where can I find a shop ____________ sells literature books?
A. that B. who C. whose
D. Decide if the words who, which and that are the subject or object of each relative clause and write A or B in the correct spaces.
A. the SUBJECT of the relative clause B. the OBJECT of the relative clause
1. Long is the person who told me the news. Who is ______.
2. Nha is the person who I told the news. Who is ______.
3. You must use who if it is refers to ______.
4. You do not need to use who (or whom) if it refers ______.
5. This is the book which uncle Nam lent me. Which is ______.
6. I don’t like films which have open endings. Which is ______.
7. You must use which if it refers to ______.
8. You do not need to use which if it refers to ______.
9. She’s the one that my brother loves. That is ______.
10. The boy and his dog that are having a walk in the park live next door to me. That is ______.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§11.Non-Defining Relative Clauses Revision
►Form Punctuation
Non-defining relative clauses are always separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. The commas have a similar function to bracken.
Peter, who is a lawyer, talks persuasively.
Relative pronouns in non-defining clauses Person Thing
Subject who which
Object who / whom which Possessive whose whose
►Use
The information in these clauses is not essential. It tells us more about some or something.
Elephants that loves mice are very unusual.
(That tells us which elephants we are talking about defining clause.) Elephants, which are large and grey, can sometimes be found in zoos.
(This gives us some extra information about elephants. We are talking about all elephants, not just one type or group non-defining clause)
►Note
In non-defining clauses, you cannot use that instead of who, whom or which.
You cannot leave out the relative pronoun, even when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause.
He gave me the letter, which was in a blue envelope.
He gave me the letter, which I read immediately.
Non-defining clause can be introduced by expressions like all of, most of, any of, (a) few of, both of, each of, either of, half of, many of, much of, none of, one of + relative pronoun (whom / which).
There were a lot of people at the party, many of whom I had known for years.
He was carrying his belongings, many of which were broken.
Which can be used to modify the whole idea. In this case, it must follow a comma.
You passed the exam. And this makes me happy.
You passed the exam, which makes me happy.
Exercises
A. Combine the following sentences, using non-defining clauses.
1. The world’s biggest melon would have fed 400 people. It weighed over 90 kilos.
...
2. The top floor of the building has been bought by a computer company. It had been empty for years.
...
3. My uncle Tom is coming to visit me. He lives in Manchester.
...
4. Peter’s sister is a very nice person. I’ve known her for years.
...
5. Sydney is Australia’s largest city. It has a population of more than 3 million.
...
6. I took the children to the park near my house. They were feeling bored.
...
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
B. Rearrange the jumbled sentences below. Add commas where necessary.
1. our month headmaster is wife is teacher retiring an next whose English ...
2. the are daughter people have month whose I been friendly since last teaching ...
3. good my gave very watch me my to ago doesn’t years days parents keep time these which ...
4. at introduce I’d whom weekends like you to Sarah I to play the with tennis ...
5. our open to sell whose old doors hard car were we managed rusty to
...
6. today’s post which is letter the this in came
...
C. Add commas where necessary.
1. The people __ who live next door __ helped us move the furniture.
2. Have you got the letter __ that I sent you?
3. Lam __ whom I’ve known for years __ is a very nice person.
4. I met Loan last night with a friend __ who is studying at Tran Dai Nghia High School.
5. The chair __ that was broken __ has now been repaired.
6. Last week I met Lan __ who told me she was going on holiday soon.
D. Fill in the gaps with the suitable relative pronouns. Add commas where necessary.
1. I can’t find a book _____________ you lent me last week.
2. He wrote a book _____________ the critics disliked.
3. The management didn’t consider my application _____________ I thought was rather unfair.
4. Kevin Slob _____________ used to be plumber is now a movie star.
5. His second film _____________ was released last week is called Big Frank.
6. The song Teardrops _____________ reached the number two in the hit list ten years a go has become very popular again.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§12. Reducing Relative clauses Revision
1. A relative clause is an adjective clause.
Anyone who wants to get the news can listen to the massage.
2. A reduced relative clause is a phrase.
Anyone wanting to get the news can listen to the message.
►Note
If the relative clause is in active voice, it will be reduced into present participle phrase (Ving).
The teacher who is teaching me is very good.
The teacher teaching me is very good.
If the relative clause is in passive voice, it will be reduced into past participle phrase.
The man who was beaten by a dog has been taken to the hospital.
The man beaten by a dog has been taken to the hospital.
Exercises
A. Change the relative clauses into participle phrases.
1. The man who is sitting at the corner table seems familiar to me.
...
2. The students who wanted to postpone the exam were eventually able to persuade the teacher.
...
3. Roots, which was written by Alex Haley, is the history of one black family.
...
4. We all expected to see pictures that showed the pieces of comet crashing into Jupiter, but couldn’t.
...
5. Blue whales, which are known as the largest species on Earth, will become extinct unless very strict measures are taken to save them.
...
6. His first book, which was published in 1979, didn’t get as much praise as he expected.
...
B. Fill in the blanks using present participle or past participle.
1. Peter is the boy _____________ (carry) the flag.
2. Have you seen any books _____________ (write) by Mark Twain?
3. The train _____________ (stand) at platform 6 is for Nha Trang.
4. Children _____________ (bear) in Africa suffer a number of disadvantages.
5. The man _____________ (send) to repair our central heating was totally incompetent.
6. People _____________ (live) in high-rise blocks of flats often complain about loneliness.
C. Choose the correct equivalents.
1. The girl invited us to the party. She dropped me a message this morning.
A. The girl dropping me a message this morning invited us to the party.
B. The girl dropped me a message this morning invited us to the party.
2. The song was performed by Sting. It’s becoming nationally popular.
A. The song performing by Sting is becoming nationally popular.
B. The song performed by Sting is becoming nationally popular.
3. The man was not English. He was talking to us about psychology.
A. The man talked to us about psychology was not English.
B. The man talking to us about psychology was not English.
4. The guy was very nice. He interviewed me.
A. The guy interviewed me was very nice.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0 B. The guy interviewing me was very nice.
5. The big sum of money was found this morning by the police. It had been lost some day before.
A. The big sum of money lost some days before was found by the police.
B. The big sum of money losing some days before was found by the police.
6. I like that boy. He gave me a lift to school this morning.
A. I like the boy giving me a lift to school this morning.
B. I like the boy given me a lift to school this morning.
D. Write sentences from the words given, using reduced relative clauses and making any changes or additions where necessary.
1. man / wear / big / hat / be / Mr. Brown
...
2. I / would like / see / picture / paint / Picasso
...
3. we / be / relieved / get / news / concern / accident
...
4. I / prefer / buy / small / house / overlook / sea / rent / large / one
...
5. Money / give / old / pensioners / be / barely / enough / live on
...
6. you / see / letter / come / for / me / this / morning?
...
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§13. Reporting Agreement, Apologies, Promises, Suggestions Revision
►Form S + tell advise recommend urge
force
+ O + to-infinitive
“Don’t spend too much money on shopping”, said a friend of mine.
A friend of mine advised me not to spend too much money on shopping.
S + agree refuse promise + to-infinitive
“I’ll finish your shirt next week”, said the tailor.
The tailor promised to finish my shirt the following week.
S + suggest
recommend + V-ing
“Let’s go to Ha Long on summer vacation.”
he suggested going to Ha Long on summer vacation.
S + apologize + (to + O) + for + Noun / Noun phrase + V-ing
“Sorry I’m late”, said Lan.
Lan apologized (to me) for her lateness.
being late S + suggest insist recommend
+ that + S1 + bare inf
“Science serves to improve our lives”, say scientists.
Scientists insist that science serve to improve our lives.
Exercises
A. Make as many reports as possible from the following cues.
My teacher My mother The doctor A friend of mine told
advised recommended suggested agreed refused promised apologized
(me) (not) (eat) too much fat.
(does) morning exercises regularly.
(make) me angry last week.
(study) together.
(go) on a picnic with me.
(think) of my future career.
(travel) on summer vacation.
(lend) me some of his reference books.
(stay) up late.
(come) to my birthday party.
The doctor advised me not to eat too much fat.
1. ...
2. ...
3. ...
4. ...
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
5. ...
6. ...
7. ...
8. ...
9. ...
B. Fill in each blank with an appropriate verb from the list below. Remember to supply the correct tense. There may be more than one answer in a blank.
advise force recommend agree insist refuse apologize promise suggest tell
1. Mr. Trong has a heart disease; so the doctor ____________ him not to work so hard.
2. The step mother ____________ Cinderella to do all the housework if she wanted to go to the prince’s festival.
3. If you want to be a good teacher in the future, I ____________ studying more and more.
4. Long had to ____________ to his friend for his silly joke.
5. Last night, Le ____________ that there be nobody downstairs although I heard somebody making noise. And now, we found out that our money has disappeared.
6. At last, Duyen ____________ to come to our party although she was very busy with her study.
7. “Where’s Phuoc? Yesterday, he ____________ to go with us; but now we can’t find him anywhere.”
8. In the meeting last month, we ____________ changing new computers in the office but nothing has been done.
C. Following is what Chung’s mother talked to him. Be Chung and report them to his friend.
Don’t go out so late. It’s very dangerous.
I’m free this weekend. We’ll go to the water park. Do you like it?
Your shirt is still new; so don’t ask for a new one. It’s a waste of money.
Why don’t you study in the morning and go to bed early? It’s not good to stay up late to study.
I know you don’t like vegetables, but you must eat them. You are very fat now.
Your report
1. ...
2. ...
3. ...
4. ...
5. ...
D. Miss Tram is a secretary in a very busy office. Mr. Khoa is her manager, Mrs. Linh and Mr.
Hoang are her colleagues. Following are what Mr. Khoa, Mrs. Linh and Mr. Hoang said. Be Miss Tram and report the sayings.
Your report
1. Mr. Khoa promised to raised out salary the salary the following month.
2. ...
3. ...
- I’ll raise your salary next month.
- Tell Mrs. Linh not to use the office phone for
personal calls.
It is O.K if we travel to Nha Trang next vacation?
Mr. Khoa
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0 Your report
4. ...
5. ...
6. ...
Your report
7. ...
8. ...
Mr. Hoang
- Tell Mrs. Linh I regret giving her the wrong document yesterday.
By the way, I’m
- Tell Mr. Khoa that I will never use the office phone for personal calls.
- I need the letter to the customers from Mr.
Hoang to type it. You know, I have to finish it this afternoon.
- I still prefer to go to Da Lat for our vacation.
It’s cheaper.
Mrs. Linh
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§14. Verb + Gerund, Verb + to-infinitive Revision
►Form
Verb + Gerund V + V-ing
Trung kept going although I told him to stop.
I don’t mind staying at home alone.
Some verbs are followed by gerund:
avoid finish keep be good at consider like mind
be interested in delay
love suggest be afraid of discuss enjoy stand
…
Verbs + to-infinitive V + to-infinitive
He promised to lend me his bike but he forgot.
Some verbs are followed by to-infinitive:
decide plan hope intend promise expect agree refuse
V + O + to-infinitive
The man told me to turn left to the nearest hotel.
Some verbs are followed by O + to-infinitive tell
want advise remind allow ask encourage force expect permit
► Note
Some verbs can go with either gerund or to-inf
remember, forget + Gerund = remember / forget something that happened in the past.
remember, forget + to-inf = remember / forget to perform a duty.
Long never remembers to lock his bike.
Where’s my key? I remember giving it to you.
try + gerund = experiment with a new thing. (thử) try + to-inf = make an effort (cố gắng)
I’ve lost my key. I tried opening the door with another key but it didn’t work.
Linh tried to work hard to support her family.
stop + gerund = stop something you are doing.
stop + to-inf = stop in order to do something.
The dog stopped eating because there was no meat left in the bowl.
The boys stopped to take a rest.
Exercises
A. What does your mother want you to do? Make as many sentences as you can from the following table.
My mother My teacher The doctor wants hopes
advises suggests allows (me)
(study) harder.
(eat) more fruits and vegetables.
(read) books in my free time.
(see) my success.
(watch) TV to relax.
(go) out until 9.
Your sentences
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
1. ...
2. ...
3. ...
4. ...
5. ...
6. ...
7. ...
B. Read the following passage about Tommy and fill in each blank with an appropriate verb from the box below. Remember to use the correct forms.
try want be afraid of advise be good at enjoy mind
Tommy is a 12-year-old boy from the USA. This is the first time he been to Vietnam and he likes Vietnam a lot. He (1) ____________ riding his bike along Sword Lake in the morning. On Sunday morning, he goes swimming with some of his Vietnamese friends. Although Ha Noi in October is cold, he doesn’t (2) ____________ swimming in cold water because he is used to the coldness in his country.
Four months ago, his father (3) ____________ him to attend a Vietnamese course. At first, he didn’t like it, but now he enjoys the course so much because his Vietnamese is much better. He (4) ____________ speaking since he has a lot of chances to practice with his friend; but (5) ____________
Vietnamese grammar. However, he will never give up. He promises to himself that he will (6) ____________ to master Vietnamese grammar since he (7) ____________ to be researcher in Vietnamese studies.
C. V-ing or to-inf? Ngan and Hang are on a picnic by the seaside. Read the conversation and use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Ngan: Hang! Did you remember (1) ____________ (bring) the water?
Hang: Of course. Here is it! Want some more?
Ngan: Thanks! Oh dear. I forgot (2) ____________ (take) the can-opener. How can we open the food cans?
Hang: No problem. Let’s try (3) ____________ (open) them with a knife. Oh! Where’s the knife? I remember (4) ____________ (put) it in the backpack last night.
Ngan: Is it over there? In the box?
Hang: Ah, yes! I’ll prepare the food while you are setting up the tent.
(10 minutes later)
Ngan: The tent’s OK now. Let’s stop (5) ____________ (go) swimming. The weather’s so nice.
Hang: Good idea. Don’t forget (6) ____________ (put) everything in the tent.
D. Choose the correct answer for each sentence.
1. Bao is too fat. The doctor ____________ eating less meat.
A. advised B. told C. suggested D. asked
2. My family ____________ moving to the capital for the sake of my study.
A. decided B. considered C. thought D. wanted
3. Do you happen to see my key?
A. I remember to see you put it on the desk.
B. I remember see you put it on the desk.
C. I remember you put it on the desk.
D. I remember seeing you put it on the desk.
4. Some people are very indifferent. They ____________ going when they see an accident.
A. keep B. decide C. still D. aren’t
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0 5. Oh! It’s 9 pm. It’s time to go! Good bye.
A. Bye. Hope to see you again. B. Bye. Hope seeing you again.
C. Bye. Nice to see you again. D. Bye. Nice seeing you again.
6. He likes being alone.
A. He hopes to meet people. B. He hopes meeting people.
C. He avoids to meet people. D. He avoids meeting people.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§15. Adjective Used as Nouns Revision
►Form
Some Adjectives can be used as Nouns.
Blind people have difficulty studying in normal high school.
OR The blind have difficulty studying in normal high school.
►Note
Normally, we use the before the adjectives used as nouns.
The black have been fighting for their rights in South Africa.
Normally, adjectives used as nouns refer to a group of people / things that have the feature, and they go with plural verbs.
The old normally live on pension.
Sometimes, adjective used as nouns refer to specific people / things, and they go with singular verbs.
That is a strange family. There are two members; one is good and other is bad. The good often helps other villagers while the bad hates them.
Exercises
A. What can’t these people do?
The blind
The deaf The mute The deaf mute The old
see or hear things clearly say or hear
see things
express their feelings by saying out hear what people say
Buy they are still useful. They can do a lot of things.
express what they think by writing down
help their children with things around the house read books written in Braille system
talk to others by gestures
study and work with hearing-aids
Match the things they cannot do and things they can do.
1. The blind can’t see things but they can read books written in Braille system.
2. ...
3. ...
4. ...
5. ...
B. Replace Adj + N with an adjective where possible. If it is impossible to do so, write I.
1. The city has a project to help poor people often living in slums along the river.
...
2. The generation gap between young and old people is very difficult to be bridged.
...
3. Vietnam has many wonderful places to visit and you can enjoy yourselves there.
...
4. Sharks often attack men from deep sea.
...
5. The young girl tried to catch the butterfly but she was unsuccessful.
...
6. Everyone is writing to help the deaf boy.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
...
C. Fill in each blank with an appropriate adjective in the box below. If they function as nouns, add the. If they function as adjective, keep their form.
young elderly blind good
Tuan: Hi Thang! I didn’t see you in the library yesterday. Where were you?
Thang: Yesterday morning? I taught English at Nguyen Dinh Chieu School.
Tuan: Is it a school for (1) _____________?
Thang: Yes. You know. (2) _____________ children are very smart. And they like English.
Tuan: Sure. So you are a volunteer, aren’t you?
Thang: Yes. We are in a group of almost all (3) _____________ students.
Tuan: I know. (4) _____________ are very enthusiastic and active.
Thang: So are (5) _____________. Our group leader, Mr. Tai is a retired teacher who is 60 years old; but he is always available whenever he is needed. He sets a good example for all of us.
Tuan: Wow. Can I join you?
Thang: Why not? The children really need you. Love other people with all your heart, and you’ll fell happy. Mr. Tai said that (6) _____________ always feel peaceful and happy.
Tuan: Ok. Next time I’ll go with you.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
§16. Compound Adjectives Revision
►Form
Noun + Adjective Compound Adjective
This is a frost-free fridge. You can take the food out easily whenever you need it.
►Note
Some popular compound adjectives:
duty-free
environment-friendly frost-free
king-sized knee-deep knee-high man-made native-like nuclear-free paper-thin trouble-free user-friendly world-famous Exercises
A. Make as many compound adjectives as possible from the following words.
Noun Adjective King
Native Nuclear Trouble Knee User
Environment Duty
Frost high deep free born sized friendly like
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
B. Find 10 compound adjectives in the puzzle.
world-famous user-friendly native-like paper-thin man-made trouble-free knee-deep frost-free king-sized nuclear-free
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0 E Y H M A N M A D E P E D O G
U N U C L E A R F R E E P T E F A S I C X Q V A X W V R R N K N E E D E E P O L O H S O A A W R G I T B A C P M I Z U T Q O F U W N T P E N A N R B I U T R I K U J E V S L U A L V A H I B I L F R O S T F R E E D R E B N A C T A H O G D F L X O N A G Z O H I M P A A R I Z M L F S E N I F S O Y F E K R P Y L I E F N K O K E R E E O H R L Z K O O Q V H B Z M H M A D I E I T R N P A S R O T W O R L D F A M O U S J A E K
C. Choose one correct compound adjective for each of the following sentences.
1. Ngoc speaks English very well although she does not have a _______________ pronunciation.
A. world-famous B. user-friendly C. native-like D. man-made
2. All the pictures in this book are very funny. They are _______________.
A. environment-friendly B. user-friendly C. paper-thin D. native-like
3. _______________ satellites are used to explore the outer space.
A. man-made B. environment-friendly C. nuclear-free D. world-famous
4. In the rainy season, we sometimes are _______________ in water.
A. frost-free B. trouble-free C. knee-high D. knee-deep
5. Hoang is very fat. All of his clothes are _______________.
A. knee-high B. knee-deep C. king-sized D. paper-thin
6. There’s a _______________ shop at the airport. We do not pay _______________ tax when buying things there.
A. duty-free / value-added B. value-added / duty-free C. user-friendly / value-added D. user-friendly / duty-free
D. Fill in each blank with an appropriate compound adjective from the box below.
world-famous frost-free trouble-free knee-high paper-thin duty-free
environment-friendly king-sized
knee-deep man-made user-free native-like nuclear-free
(At a clothing store)
Shop keeper: Good morning. Can I help you?
Mrs. Thuy: Yes. I’m looking for a shirt for my husband.
Shop keeper: How about this shirt? It’s made by Pierre Cardin, a (1) _______________ name in fashion.
Mrs. Thuy: The colour is nice, but I’m afraid it’s too small. You know, I need a (2) _______________ one. He’s very big.
(At an appliance store)
Shop keeper: Hello. What can I do for you?
Mr. Phuc: I intend to buy a new fridge.
Ôn tậ p n g ữ p h á p t i ế n g A n h 1 0
Shop keeper: Ah. We have a very useful one here. You know, it doesn’t produce CFC, so it’s very (3) _______________.
Mr. Phuc: Hmm. Good. Is it (4) _______________? It’s very difficult to take the food out if there is frost.
Shop keeper: Sure it is. Please have a look at the catalog.
(At a travel agency)
Mr. Jackson: I’d like to book a trip for two to a tropical country.
Travel agent: What country would you like to visit?
Mr. Jackson: Can you suggest one?
Travel agent: Is Vietnam OK? It’s in the South East of Asia. It’s a (5) _______________ country.
No war, no terrorism, and people are very friendly.
Mr. Jackson: It sounds good.
Travel agent: It sure is. And in the countryside, you will see (6) _______________ grass; you can wade in it. Very
