Unit 7: World Population

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TPHCM TRƯỜNG THPT BÌNH CHÁNH

TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ

Unit 7: World Population

Pronunciation

1

climb /klaɪm/ global /´gloubl/

Cry /krai/ Grass /grɑ:s/

Quiet /ˈkwaɪət/

/kl/

clean class claim quickly

/gl /

glean glass

st ru ggle ugly

/ kr /

crowd cranky crash creature

/ gr /

grow green

grouping ground

/ kw /

quarrel quarter quality queen

Pronunciation

• Listen and repeat .

A: Didn't you go to the cricket club?

B: Yes, I did go to the cricket club.

A: Was it crowded?

B: Quite crowded.

A: Was Greg there?

B: Greg was there, yes. And Robert Queen was there, too.

A: Does Robert Queen like cricket?

B: No, he doesn't. He quarrelled with Greg. He went to the pub and drank some glasses of beer.

A: Oh dear!

B: Mm. Shall I take your clothes to the cleaner's?

• Practise reading aloud this dialogue.

Conditional types

2

If you study hard, you will get good marks.

If I had a pair of wings, I would fly around

the world.

If it had not rained yesterday, we would have gone to

the cinema.

KINDS IF CLAUSES MAIN CLAUSES USAGES

1.

Probable

*Simple present:

-(be): am,is,are

-(be,not): am,is,are + not -(V): Vs/es, V

-(V,not): does,do + not + V

*Present continuous:

*Present perfect:

*Simple future:

-Will,can,may + (not) + V

*Near future:

-Am,is,are + (not) + going to + V

*Imperative:

-V, Don’t V - Please V, Let’s V

*Simple present:

1 hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

(tomorrow, next, in the future)

2. Present unreal

*Past subjunctive:

-(be): were

-(be,not): were + not -(V): Ved / V2

-(V,not): did + not + V

*Future in past:

would

could + (not) + V might

1 hành động trái ngược với sự thật ở hiện tại. (now, today, at the moment)

3. Past unreal

*Past perfect subjunctive:

-had + (not) + Ved / V3

*Future perfect in past:

would

could + (not) + have + V3/ed might

1 hành động trái ngược với sự thật ở quá khứ.(yesterday , last, ago)

Exercise 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Add

’ll/will or ’d/would if necessary.

1. I (drive)……… to work if I a car.

2. Where in Vietnam to live if you (can)

……….choose?

3. If the weather (be) ………….good, we lunch outside.

4. If the company me a job, I think I (take) ………..it.

5. Many people out of work if that factory (close)

………….down.

6. It you before 4:30, I (come) …………..and pick you up.

had would you like

will have

offers

would be

finish

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. They you more if they (be told) ……….

of its value.

2. If I (realise) …………..that Greg wanted to get up early, I him up.

3. If you breakfast, you (not/be)……….

hungry.

4. If they enough money, they (buy)

………... that house.

5. If he (study) ………harder, he the exams.

would have paid

would have woken had had had had

would have passed

Exercise 3. Choose the best option

1. If I _____ you were coming, I ____ you at the airport.

A. knew / would meet B. had known / would meet C. had known / would have met D. know / will meet

2. What _____if the lift ____stuck now?

A. you would do / had got B. would you do / got C. you would do / got D. would you do / get

3. ______ you apologise for what you have done, I will never be your friend.

A. Unless B. If C. As if D. Even if 4. Tomorrow, I ______for you if you _______me.

A. wait / will remind B. would wait / had reminded C. waited / would reminded D. will wait / remind

5. If they _______ him yesterday, he ________to the party now.

A. would not have insulted / were coming B. did not insult / will come

C. had not insulted / would have come

D. had not insulted / would come

* Change into conditional sentences:

1a. (S + must) + V

… or + S + will + V

 If + S (you) + V

/ V

, S + will + not+ V

am/is/are

 If + S (you) + does/do + not + V

am/is/are + not , S + will + V

Ex: You must study hard or you will fail this exam.

 If you study hard, you will not fail this exam.

 If you don’t study hard, you will fail this exam.

 If you study hard, you will pass this exam.

* Change into conditional sentences:

1b. (S + must) + V

… or + S + will+ not + V

 If + S (you) + V

/ V

, S + will + V

am/is/are

Ex: He must do these exercises or he will not get good marks.

 If he does these exercises, he will get good marks.

 If he doesn’t do these exercises, he won’t get good marks.

 If he doesn’t do these exercises, he will get bad marks.

* Change into conditional sentences:

1c. S + will + (not) + V

… + S + will+ (not) + V

 If + S + am/is/are + (not) , S + will + (not) + V

does, do + not + V V

/ V

Ex: He will have much money. He will buy that house.

 If he has much money, he will buy that house.

* Change into conditional sentences:

2. S + V(htđ)… + S + V(htđ,tlđ)

 If + S + were (not) would, could

V2/ed , S +, might + (not) + V did + not + V

Ex: She doesn’t have much free time so she can’t visit you.

 If she had much free time, she could visit you

* Change into conditional sentences:

3. S + V(qkđ)… + S + V(qkđ,tl trong qk)…



If + S + had + (not) + V3/ed, S + would, could + (not) + have + V3/ed might

Ex: We got lost because we had no map.

 If we had had a map, he wouldn’t have got lost.

1. Notice the clause

- SO, THAT’S WHY  Main clause - BECAUSE  IF clause

2. - Phủ định (not, no, never) khẳng định (bỏ not, no,…) - Khẳng định (không có NOT)  phủ định (thêm NOT)

NOTES

1. Peter can’t find the time, that’s why he doesn’t read a lot.

If ____________________

2. Ann couldn’t have time because she was busy.

If____________________

3. I can’t translate this because I don’t speak Korean.

If ____________________

4. They are afraid of flying, so they don’t travel far a lot.

If ____________________

Exercise 4. Change the following sentences into the

conditional sentences.

3

Conditional in reported speech

1. Change the verbs of the main clauses

said to + O  told + O

said  told + noun ( nếu mệnh đề trong ngoặc có danh từ đứng trước, sau hoặc giữa 2 dấu phẩy)

said  said ( hiểu ngầm túc từ là “me” ) told + me

2. Omit the quotation marks (and add “that”)

3. Change the pronouns and possessive adjectives of the clauses in the quotation marks:

* I, me, my, mine, myself  đổi theo chủ từ của mệnh đề chính (người nói).

* We, us, our, ours, ourselves  nếu chủ từ mệnh đề chính số ít thì

( we  they; us  them; our  their; ours  theirs; ourselves  themselves )

 Nếu chủ từ của mệnh đề chính số nhiều, đổi theo chủ từ của mệnh đề chính

* You, you, your, yours, yourself  đổi theo túc từ của mệnh đề chính (người nghe).

* He, him, his, his, himself

She, her, her, hers, herself  giữ nguyên It, it, its, its, itself

They, them, their, theirs, themselves

4. Change the tenses of the clauses in the quotation marks:

* Hiện tại đơn  quá khứ đơn

* Hiện tại tiếp diễn  quá khứ tiếp diễn

* Hiện tại hoàn thành  quá khứ hoàn thành

* Quá khứ đơn  quá khứ hoàn thành

* Tương lai đơn  tương lai trong quá khứ Will  would

Shall  should Can  could May  might Must  had to

Conditional in reported speech

5. Change the adjectives and adverbs of the clauses in the quotation marks:

+ this  that + these  those + here  there + now  then + ago  before + today  that day + tonight  that night

+ yesterday  the day before / the previous day

+ tomorrow  the day after / the next day / the following day

+ last ( week, month, year, Summer,…)  the ( week, month, year ) before / the previous ( week, month, year )

+ next ( Sunday, week, month, …)  the (Sunday, week, month,…) after / the next (Sunday, week, month, …) / the following ( Sunday, week, month, …)

Conditional in reported speech

1. Nếu câu điều kiện là câu hỏi, động từ của mệnh đề chính là “asked” và đổi động từ đặc biệt của

mệnh đề trong ngoặc ra sau chủ từ, còn bỏ trợ động từ “does, do, did”

2. *Đổi câu điều kiện loại 1 thành câu điều kiện loại 2

*Câu điều kiện loại 2, 3 thì không đổi

Note

Exercise 5. Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech.

1. “I will come to see you if I have time,” the man said to her.

 The man told ______

2. “What would you say if someone stepped on your feet?” he asked her.

 He asked ______

3. “If it doesn’t rain, we will go out with you,” they said to me.

 They told ________

4. “What would you do if you were a billionaire?” the man asked the woman.

 The man asked _______

5. “If you had asked me, I would have lent you my motorbike.” the man said to me.

 The man told ________

6. “They would be very disappointed if you did not come," the man said to his daughter.

 The man told __________

7.“I’m sure they will understand if you explain the situation to them”

the boy said to the girl.

 The boy told ___________

Exercise 5. Change the following conditional sentences

into reported speech.