1 LESSON 1 – January 27th, 2016
A. Complete the blanks with the verbs go, come, reach or get.
...better...a decision...to terms with...into trouble...dark...to sleep...rid of...ready ...the sack...in handy...revenge...red...an agreement...lost....the job...on sb’s nerves
...off sb's back...down to business...over the top...even with
B. Complete the sentences w ith the collocations / expressions in the list below.
Use each one only once.
in somebody's shoes - on top of - in search of - on the safe side – in charge of - in trouble with
1. Mr Johnson is ...the company’s marketing department.
2. People who systematically cheat the tax system will one day be... …………the Tax Department.
3. The doctor insisted that I should be given a thorough check-up just to be…………
4. The children wandered around the neighbourhood... their lost dog.
5. Nobody would want to be…………..., not with all those debts he has to pay off.
6.After weeks of hard work, Kevin was confident he was finally…….... the situation.
C. Phrasal Verbs. Read the sentences on the left and replace the phrasal verbs with their similar words or phrases in the list below.
stop by, visit - inherit - find by chance - regain consciousness - be taken ill with - think of and suggest
I. COME.
1. While cleaning the basement, I came across something I thought I had lost years ago.
2. Joe came into a lot of money, which changed his life completely.
3. Why doesn’t Julie come round to our place anymore?
4. The scientists took months to come up with a solution to their problem.
5. Richard came down with a bad cold the day before his exams.
6. It took the woman a few minutes to come round / to after she had fainted.
II. GO.
move / travel around, visit - match - explode - start sth - continue doing - turn sour, start to decay - examine / discuss in detail - suffer - happen 1. They decided to go ahead with their trip despite the bad weather conditions.
2. Once you have finished cleaning, you can go on with your job.
3. The doctor wanted to go over the test results with his patient.
4. That tie goes with your suit nicely.
5. Luckily no one was injured when the bomb went off.
6. While visiting Rome, we went round all the major archaeological sites.
7. The child went through a lot before recovering completely.
8. The milk went off after only an hour in the scorching heat.
9. What’s going on in there? Open the door!
III. BE
leave – support, in favour of – end – be ready to – be shown / performed – do (usually sth wrong) 1. What's on this weekend at the theatre?
2. We were promised that the hard times would be over soon.
3. I was about to leave home when some unexpected visitors arrived.
4. I'm for the mayor's plan to relocate the town hall.
5. What are the boys up to? Don’t tell me they’re ruining the garden again!
6. I must be off now. My parents are expecting me for dinner.
D. Grammar Revision (Tenses).
Read the text below and complete each blank w ith one word. All missing words are auxiliary verbs (is, was, have, has, had, do, does, did, etc.).
My life (1)... improved a lot since last year. You see, before that I (2)...
been working in the same job for five years and I (3)...beginning to feel rather bored. I (4)...getting ready to apply for another job when one day my boss called me into her office. "Our company (5)... planning to expand overseas,"
she said. "We (6)... thinking of starting with Spain, therefore we will (7)...
needing some of our best employees to support our new branch there. (8)... you think you would be interested in a transfer?" Naturally I accepted, although at the time I (9)... not know that they (10)... also going to promote me to assistant manager. By the end of this month, I will have (11)... living in Madrid for a year. You can't imagine how exciting my life (12)... become.
E. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple, Past Progressive, Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Progressive and complete the boxes w ith the time words below. Use each time word only once.
for – while – yet – still – when – ago – already – since
Q1. ... Mary... (have) a bath yesterday evening, I was in the kitchen.
I ...(cook) her favourite dish because I ... (want) to surprise her.
……….she...(come) into the kitchen, she couldn't believe her eyes!
Q2. Jim: Mum, I...(look) for my black belt ... the past hour and I ... ... (not find) it. ...you ... (see) it anywhere?
Mother: No, but I think you...(lend) it to your brother about a week...
Jim:Oh,you're right.He...(not give) it back to me.I bet he...
(wear) it all week. Where is he now, Mum?
Mother: I'm afraid Mark ... ...(leave). He ... (get) up about an hour before you... (do).
Q3. I ...(work) on this project ... this morning but I... (not finish) it... . What am I going to tell my boss?
F. READING 1. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.
MONEY
2 There is no doubt that money, in the form that we know it today. (1)...what keeps modern economic life functioning. Yet, throughout history, money, in whatever form, has provided people (2)... the ability to buy (3)...sell goods.
Thousands of years (4)... , civilisations (5)... to rely on the barter system as a way of exchanging goods. Within this system a person had to exchange one thing for another. This meant that the two parties involved had to (6)... an agreement as to what they thought their products were worth. Items such (7)...
wheat, tobacco and livestock have all been used as money at one time or another. It was not until much later that humans came up (8)... the idea of money in the form of metal coins. So why (9)... the barter system come to an end? The answer is simple. Coins were much easier to handle and carry around. Since then, the use of coins has become widespread. It has made commerce simpler and has given countries an opportunity (10)...development by doing business with other countries further afield, which they (11)... never done business with before.
In recent years, paper money has become more common all over the world, as it is easier to use. It (12)... not be long, however, before plastic cards take over completely, replacing coins and paper money.
READING 2. A Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
FINDING EMPLOYMENT
My first (1)...was as a sales (2)...at a large department store. I wanted to work part-time, because I was still studying (3)... university and I was only (4) ...to work a few nights a week.
I came (5) ...the advertisement in the local newspaper. I remember the interview as though (6)...were yesterday. The personnel manager sat behind a large desk.
He asked me various questions which surprised me because all I wanted was to work in sales. An hour later, I was told that I had got the job and was given a contract to go (7)... . I was to be trained for ten days before I took my post. Also, as a member of (8)... I was entitled to some benefits, including discounts.
When I eventually started, I was responsible (9)...the toy section. I really enjoyed it there and I loved demonstrating the different toys. I was surprised at how friendly my (10)...were, too. They made working there fun even when we had to (11) ...customers who (12)...on our nerves. On the whole, working there was a great experience which I will never forget.
1. A. occupation B. job C. work D. employment 2. A. employee B. attendant C. officer D. assistant
3. A. in B. on C. at D. for
4. A. excellent B. able C. proud D. experienced
5. A. across B. into C. on D. round
6. A. it B. I C. that D. there
7. A. on B. over C. ahead D. with
8. A. staff B. crew C. team D. party
9. A. of B. at C. with D. for
10. A. assistants B. staff C. colleagues D. employees 11. A. control B. deal with C. manage D. cooperate
12. A. came B. went C. got D. were
G. TRANSFORMATION. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given unchanged. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1. We last went abroad a long time ago. not
We... a long time.
2. When did they start living in the suburbs? have
How in the suburbs?
3. It's the first time she has ever had problems with the authorities. trouble She... with the authorities before.
4. When Carl was young, he went to a holiday camp every summer. used When Carl was young, he... . a holiday camp every summer.
5. After the earthquake, the government supplied food and medicine to the homeless.
provided After the earthquake, the government...food and medicine.
6. Lucy hasn't visited me since February. was
The last...in February.
7. How long has he had this car? bought
How long...this car?
8. I haven't caught a cold for ages. down
I last...ages ago.
H. WORD FORMS. Complete the text below with the correct form of the words in capitals.
AN UNUSUAL OUTING
Last week I made a (1)... to my cousin Alex, offering to take him to an (2)... park. He was very excited because it was his (3) ... place. However, from the moment I picked him up, he was very (4) ...which surprised me since his behaviour was (5)... very different. At one point, while waiting to get on a ride, he disappeared. (6)..., the manager, who was very (7)...found him an hour later amongst a crowd. Apparently, Alex had seen a famous basketball player and wanted his autograph. He (8)... to me immediately but I
1. SUGGEST 2. AMUSE 3. FAVOUR 4. NOISE 5. NORMAL 6. LUCK 7. HELP 8. APOLOGY 9. ANGER
3 was so (9)... at him that we left. It was then that I made the
(10)... never to take Alex out again.
10. DECIDE
1...2...3...4...5...
6...7...8...9. ...10. ...
LESSON 2 (January 28th, 2016)
WORDS OF CAREERS. Use the correct form of the words in the boxes to complete the sentences in each group A-H below. You may use some of the words more than once. In some cases, more than one word may be correct.
A. job – occupation – work – employment – profession 1. People in the medical ...work long hours.
2. In order to get a(n) ...as a computer analyst, you need a degree in computer science.
3. Betty has been out of...since January.
4. ... agencies help people find work in their field.
5. I was asked to write my present...on the application form.
B. task – course – duty
1. They were set the... of cleaning the room after the meeting.
2. It is a nurse's...to make the patients feel comfortable.
3. Her marks are quite high, so she can choose between a medical or a law...at university.
C. employer – employee – colleague – assistant – clerk – officer – attendant
1. The shop... helped me choose a jumper that suited me.
2. The car park... is responsible for parking customers’ cars.
3. All... are expected to be at work by 8.30. Our ... insists on it.
4. Jill worked as a(n) ...for a law firm before entering politics.
5. All my... at the office are friendly.
6. Bob is a senior...in the armed forces.
D. party – crew – staff
1. A member of a political ... gave a speech in the town centre last night.
2. The teaching……... at our school have formed a basketball team.
3. The search... had no luck in finding the missing child.
4. The ship's... served drinks as the ship set sail.
E. aim – goal – intention – challenge –success –ambition 1. The Maths problem was a(n)... and took me over an hour to solve.
2. The...of environmental organisations is to stop environmental destruction.
3. People with ……….will always try to achieve their……
4. Their first album was a great……… and sold two million copies worldwide.
5. I have no ...of changing my plans for tonight.
F. achieve – fulfil – cope – deal – face – succeed 1. John ... in convincing his boss to give him the day off.
2. He doesn’t ... with crisis situations very well.
3. Despite his health problems, Joe ... his ambition to play in the local football team.
4. The Johnstons are...financial difficulties after Mrs Johnston lost her job.
5. Kim put a lot of work into her project and...excellent results.
6. During his career as a teacher, he has...with students from different backgrounds.
G. manage – run – operate – undertake
1. You have to read the instructions carefully before you...he photocopying machine.
2. Brett couldn't find experienced staff so he ………...his business on his own for a few months.
3. Kate was supposed to... the training of the new staff.
4. The company is ………...by two people who share the responsibilities.
H. skills – qualities – qualifications – experience
1. To get the job you must have three years’ in telecommunications and the necessary………... one of which is a university degree.
2. Leadership...quired by a Prime Minister, as well as communication …….…
3. Learning to windsurf was a fantastic... !
READING. Read the text below and complete each blank with one word. All the missing words are relative pronouns or adverbs.
Marilyn Monroe, (1)...was one of the world’s most famous film stars, was born in 1926. Marilyn, (2)...real name was Norma Jean Baker, had a miserable childhood. She grew up in Los Angeles, (3)...she spent most of her early years in foster homes. That’s (4) ...she still felt lonely even when she became famous. She worked as a model and also played minor roles in various films before making “Niagara”, the film (5)...made her very popular. In 1954 she married Joe di Maggio, with (6)...she entertained American troops fighting in Korea. She went on to make many films, some of (7)...were very successful
4 such as “Some Like it Hot”, “Gentlemen Prefer Blondes” and “Bus Stop”. Her film career ended tragically in 1962, (8) ...she died at the age of thirty six.
GRAMMAR. Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences.
1………..Celia was driving to the airport, she realised that she had left her passport at home
A. As soon as B. As C. During D. Until
2. I will have finished studying...the film starts.
A. until B. while C. by the time D. once
3 The audience started clapping...the singer came on stage.
A. by the time B. the moment C. while D. just 4. Peter won’t leave...he has finished all his work.
A. until B. by C. just as D. when
5. I haven’t heard from him ...we finished school.
A before B. as soon as C. after D. since
6. Jane was working as a journalist...she was writing her first book.
A. during B. while C. just as D. once
7. My mother used to cry ...she heard this song.
A by the time B. the moment that C. whenever D. until 8. The police officer returned my driving licence... he had checked it.
A. just as B. until C. while D. after
9. She burst out laughing... she saw the clown.
A. as soon as B. since C. until D. while
10. ... we got back to the hotel, it was already dark.
A. The moment that B. As soon as C. By the time D. Once READING 1. The Caribbean Pirates
Have you ever seen a picture of a human skull and crossed bones?
Today, it’s used to show that something is poisonous. But 18th century Caribbean sailors never wanted to see it. It meant they were faced with pirates! But where did those pirates come from?
After Columbus discovered the Caribbean islands in 1492. Many Europeans went there in search of wealth and to establish colonies. The strongest power was Spain, but people from other countries settled there, too. Among them were some French people who lived on Hispaniola Island, one of the Caribbean islands. (1) They hunted pigs and cattle on the island, and sold the dried meat to passing ships. (2) So, the Spanish chased them from Hispaniola, but this made them hate the Spanish. (3) They went to another island and joined British and Dutch sailors. Soon, they became pirates who attacked the Spanish! (4)
Meanwhile, countries like England found that using pirates was a cheap and effective way to attack their rival, Spain. So they hired pirates to attack the Spanish ships and colonies. However, as the pirates got stronger, they became hard to
control, and they even caused unwanted wars. As time went by, European countries built their navies to protect their colonies, and (A) ... .
There aren't any pirates in the Caribbean today. But you can see them in books, movies, and cartoons. You can also see them in the logo of a baseball team: the Pittsburgh Pirates!
1. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The History of Piracy in the Caribbean B. Columbus' Discovery of the New World C. The Hard Lives of Sailors in the Caribbean D. The Caribbean Islands: A Place You Must Visit
2. Why didn't the Caribbean sailors in the 18th century want to see the skull and crossbones? ...
3. Where would the following sentence best fit?
' But they also attacked and stole the ships!'
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
4. What is the best choice for blank (A)?
A. fought for freedom B. made piracy illegal
C. joined the Spanish navy D. went back to their hometown 5. The underlined part tells us that pirates ...
A. existed only in our imaginations B. have become famous entertainers
C. are used in many works of fiction D.are popular because of their friendly image 6. What is NOT true about the Caribbean pirates?
A. They originated from French people who lived on Hispaninla Island.
B. They once hunted pigs and cattle on Hispaniola Island.
C. They consisted of only French settlers.
D. England used them to attack Spanish ships.
READING 2. Read the passage and do the exercises that follows.
Green Packaging
Manufacturers are currently competing with each other to produce a form of green packaging. Packaging is an important part of marketing these days, but much of it is a threat to the environment. There are two reasons for this. The production of such packaging uses up a great deal of energy, and the cartons, wrappers, etc, are often difficult to dispose of when they become waste material.
People in most countries have become aware of the damage which modern living is doing to the environment, and many of them are concerning themselves with the conservation of the environment for future generations. Thus, both politicians and scientists are now looking at the issues of energy-saving and waste disposal with a view to making them more environmentally-friendly.
As far as packaging is concerned, it is vital that it is either recyclable or biodegradable. For example, instead of throwing out newspapers and glass bottles with their household rubbish, people in several countries are being encouraged to put
5 these in special containers to allow the material to be recycled. Some household waste, such as vegetable peelings, is naturally biodegradable and so decomposes gradually until it disappears.
Man-made goods are not so easily disposed of. Goods and packaging made of plastic create waste material that is particularly difficult to get rid of. This means that huge landfill sites have to be dug out so as to bury the plastic waste underground, possibly causing problems for future generations.
Just as much of a problem is industrial waste, since the effluent from factories often contains chemicals which can lead to the pollution of water supplies. Waste from factories has to be monitored carefully in order to avoid this.
Technological advances using nuclear power have added to the waste problem. The disposal of nuclear waste causes particular concern because it is radioactive and so possibly dangerous to life.
The high standard of living, which the people of many countries now enjoy, has resulted in a huge increase in waste material. This could have a terrible effect on the ecology of the planet. There is no doubt that urgent action must be taken to save our environment from possible disaster.
(1) Match each word in Column A with its meaning in Column B.
(2) Match each word in Column C with its opposite meaning in Column D.
A B C D
1. currently 2. environment 3. energy 4. dispose of 5. recycled 6. disappears 7. goods 8. dangerous
a. supply of power b. products c. used again d. surroundings e. is not there anymore f. harmful
g. now h. remove
9. difficult 10. future 11. throwing out 12. encouraged 13. problems 14. often 15. added to 16. enjoy
i. solutions j. easy
k. discouraged l. taken away from m. suffer from n. past
o. collecting p. seldom
LESSON 3 – February 2nd, 2016
READING 1. Read this passage again and do the exercises that follows.
GREEN PACKAGING
Manufacturers are currently competing with each other to produce a form of green packaging. Packaging is an important part of marketing these days, but much of it is a threat to the environment. There are two reasons for this. The production of such packaging uses up a great deal of energy, and the cartons, wrappers, etc, are often difficult to dispose of when they become waste material.
People in most countries have become aware of the damage which modern living is doing to the environment, and many of them are concerning themselves with the conservation of the environment for future generations. Thus, both politicians and
scientists are now looking at the issues of energy-saving and waste disposal with a view to making them more environmentally-friendly.
As far as packaging is concerned, it is vital that it is either recyclable or biodegradable. For example, instead of throwing out newspapers and glass bottles with their household rubbish, people in several countries are being encouraged to put these in special containers to allow the material to be recycled. Some household waste, such as vegetable peelings, is naturally biodegradable and so decomposes gradually until it disappears.
Man-made goods are not so easily disposed of. Goods and packaging made of plastic create waste material that is particularly difficult to get rid of. This means that huge landfill sites have to be dug out so as to bury the plastic waste underground, possibly causing problems for future generations. Just as much of a problem is industrial waste, since the effluent [chất thải lỏng] from factories often contains chemicals which can lead to the pollution of water supplies. Waste from factories has to be monitored carefully in order to avoid this. Technological advances using nuclear power have added to the waste problem. The disposal of nuclear waste causes particular concern because it is radioactive and so possibly dangerous to life.
The high standard of living, which the people of many countries now enjoy, has resulted in a huge increase in waste material. This could have a terrible effect on the ecology of the planet. There is no doubt that urgent action must be taken to save our environment from possible disaster.
A. Choose the most appropriate word, provided in italics, to complete each of the sentences. packaging - waste material - pollution - disaster 1. Most modem cities face heavy...
2. The... caused by the floods led to much suffering.
3. Most things that we buy will have a lot o f...
4. ... is difficult and expensive to get rid of.
B. Say whether each of the sentences below is True (T) or False (F).
1. …..The environment suffers when there is heavy packaging of the things we buy.
2. …..Politicians and scientists are not giving any attention to the problems of the environment.
3. …..Newspapers and glass bottles can be recycled.
4. …..It is difficult to get rid of plastic goods.
5. …..Rich countries take care to cut down on waste.
C. Answer these questions in full sentences.
1. What are the two reasons that packaging is harmful to the environment?
2. Which groups of people are looking at the issues of the environment?
3. What are the important qualities for packaging to be green?
READING 2. Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space. A NIGHT AT THE THEATRE
6 Going to the theatre brings back happy memories, as it (1)... me of my very first performance on stage, (2)... was thirty years ago. Parts of that particular night are so vivid that I can still picture myself as though it were yesterday. The excitement amongst the actors, the (3)...applause and the party after the opening night are memories which will remain with me for (4)... . I don’t know how we managed to do so well. The rehearsals were far from satisfactory because we thought that we could just have two rehearsals a week (5)... in fact we needed more. The background (6)... to the last act weren’t ready until an hour before the beginning of the play despite the set builder’s best (7)... .The director was not satisfied (8)... anything and he didn’t even want to show up on the first night. Admittedly, I wouldn’t have wanted to either. (9)...the night finally arrived, we were all a bit worried. I remember (10)... through the curtain ten minutes before the start and being amazed (11)...the (12)...of a full house. Finally, it was time for the curtain to go up. In the end, we proved the director wrong and everything went like clockwork.
1. A. recognises B. reminds C. recalls D. memorises
2. A. which B. when C. where D. who
3. A. onlookers’ B. viewers’ C. audience's D. spectators’
4. A. life B. ages C. a while D. time
5. A. where B. when C. which D. whenever
6. A. images B. visions C. scenes D. sights
7. A. attempts B. efforts C. trials D. tries
8. A. by B. in C. at D. with
9. A. When B. After C. While D. Until
10. A. glancing B. noticing C. staring D. watching
11. A. in B. at C. on D. for
12. A. view B. vision C. sight D. image
GRAMMAR. Choose the correct answer.
1. The Smiths built a huge house...the outskirts of the town.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
2. Once they...we'll talk to them about it.
A. came B. will come C. come D. are coming 3. The man... in the front row is Mrs Davidson's nephew.
A. who is sitting B. where is sitting
C. who sitting D. that sitting
4. "... now on, you won't be allowed to use your mobile phones at school!" the headmaster warned the students.
A. By B. For C. At D. From
5. My grandmother knitted me a jum per... are too long.
A. which the sleeves B. that the sleeves C. the sleeves of that D. the sleeves of which
6. The electricity will be reconnected... the bill.
A. when you will pay B. when you pay C. when you are paying D. during you pay 7. There are people who manage to get... on very little money.
A. with B. over C. round D. by
8. The hotel... we stayed was perfect.
A. in where B. in which C. which D. that 9. The students le ft... they finished the test.
A. as soon as B. as C. while D. until
10. "What did you do on Saturday?" ~ "We visited the town....our grandfather grew up.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
11. ... I post that letter for you on my way to the office?
A. Do B. Shall C. Would D. Will
12. He felt he’d really let his team ... when he missed the penalty.
A. out B. in C. down D. off
13. He’ll never pass his driving test ... he takes some lessons.
A. unless B. if only C. provided D. if 14. Opposite our house is a nice park ... there are trees and flowers
A. which B. where C. whose D. that
15. If you want to help, perhaps you could ... the table for dinner.
A. put B. lay C. spread D. place
16. He thinks we’ve invited too many guests, but I say the more the ...
A. nicer B. happier C. merrier D. greater 17. John has taken ... swimming as he wants to keep fit.
A. up B. on C. in D. off
18. You smell awful! It’s about time you ... a bath.
A. have B. will have C. had D. to have 19. Lack of funds prevented him ... with his studies.
A. to continue B. with continuing C. continue D. from continuing 20. Is she a friend of ... ?
A. yours B. you C. your D. you’re
WRITING. Rewrite the sentences using the words given. Use between two and five words, including the word given.
1. I last saw Karen when we met up at Dan’s party. SINCE I haven’t seen Karen since we met up at Dan’s party.
2. During the summer we spent two weeks in Rome. STAYED
During the summer we ... two weeks.
3. I bought this laptop in March. HAD
I ... March.
7 4. A few moments ago I received an email from Stuart. JUST
I ... an email from Stuart.
5. I’ve spent all morning texting and my thumb hurts! BEEN My thumb hurts because I ... all morning!
6. Is this your first visit to England? YOU
... before?
WORD FORMS. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals.
1. The top model was...dressed in an elegant evening gown.
2. My street is ...because it’s far from any main roads.
3. Our football team won the ...at the end of the season and received ...from a large company.
4. There are thousands of...people sleeping in the streets.
5. I bought a ...dress but its colours faded after I washed it.
6. I was fined because I was driving ... .
7. The directions you gave us were rather..., as we still got lost.
8. I am feeling quite ... because I didn’t get enough sleep last night.
9. I got into a business...with my cousin but it ended up being ...
10. The musical performance was so ... that the audience gave the orchestra a standing ovation.
11. The witness’ statement didn’t help the police in the investigation, so it proved to be ... .
12. The man was found ...of shoplifting and sentenced to one month in prison.
13. He has ... completed his postgraduate studies.
14. The new laser treatment can extract teeth ... . 15. It’s just a ...dog. There is no need to panic.
1. BEAUTY 2. PEACE 3a.
CHAMPION 3b. SPONSOR 4. HOME
5. COLOUR 6. CARE 7. HELP 8. SLEEP 9a. PARTNER 9b. SUCCESS 10. POWER 11. VALUE 12. GUILT 13. SUCCESS 14. PAIN 15. HARM
1. ...2. ... 3. ...
4. ...5. ... 6. ...
7. ...8. ... 9. ...
10. ...
LESSON 4 – February 13th, 2016
PHONETICS. (a) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions
1. A. follow B. offer C. teacher D. prefer
2. A. information B. considerate C. explanation D. preparation 3. A. holiday B. monitor C. insurance D. instrument 4. A. essential B. different C. important D. negation
5. A. ensure B. picture C. capture D. pleasure
(b) Which word among A, B, C, and D whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other three.
1. A. architect B. orchid C. machine D. school
2. A. love B. move C. sun D. son
3. A. perceive B. receipt C. believe D. diet
4. A. measure B. pleasure C. issue D. leisure READING 1. GOAL: ENDING CHILD LABOUR
Carefully guiding a needle that's longer than his tiny fingers, a young boy in Pakistan stitches together the leather pieces of a soccer ball. He sits crouched in the corner of a hot, airless shed for 12 hours. For his long day's work, he will earn 60 cents.
The boy is one of more than 200 million children who work at hard, sometimes dangerous jobs all over the world. Child labour exists in two-thirds of the world's nations. From Indonesia to Guatemala, poor children as young as six are sent off to work. Often they are mistreated and punished for not working hard enough. Children mix the gunpowder for firecrackers in China and knot the threads for carpets in India, all for pennies a day. Sometimes they are sold as slaves.
In a speech to the Child Labor Coalition when he was U.S. Secretary of Labor, Robert Reich expressed gratitude for the organization's work to end abuse of child labour, "You turned up the heat, and you got results." He also congratulated Craig Kielburger, then 13, of Canada, who travelled the world for a year fighting for kids' rights. Craig believes kids can make a difference. He offers this advice, "Write letters to companies and government officials. Put pressure on leaders to make changes and to stop the misuse of children."
One solution to the child-labour problem in poor countries is education. "The future of these countries," Secretary Reich declared, "depends on a work force that is educated. We are prepared to help build schools."
Education has helped to make the world a brighter place for one youth, Aghan of India. When he was nine, Aghan was kidnapped from his home and sold to a carpet maker. Aghan's boss was very cruel. "I was always crying for my mother," he recalls. Aghan's dream was to learn to write so that he could send letters to his parents. Fortunately, a group that opposes child labour rescued Aghan from the
8 factory. He was sent to a shelter in New Delhi where he worked hard to learn to write.
1. What is an example of dangerous work done by a child?
A. stitching a soccer ball B. knotting carpet threads
C. mixing gunpowder D. none of the above
2. When young children are forced to work, ……
A. they never see their families. B. they work but never get paid.
C. they are punished if they do not work hard. D. they are always sold as slaves.
3. Child labour is most common in…..
A. countries that make firecrackers. B. poor countries.
C. countries that have slavers. D. countries that make carpets.
4. The children who work are often….. .
A. treated well B. paid generously
C. misused D. all of the above
5. When children are used to work for unfair wages in poor working conditions, it is best described as …..
A. an abuse of working children. B. hard work.
C. a poor working environment. D. unfair labour practices.
6. According to the article, children who work under poor conditions, ….
A. start to work only after age 13. B. start to work only after age 12.
C. make only 60 cents an hour. D. may make only 60 cents a day.
7. According to the article, what is the best way to keep many children from falling victim to the abuse of child labor in the future?
A. Help poor countries educate their children.
B. Refuse to buy products made in countries that abuse child labour.
C. Rescue each child.
D. none of the above
8. Why do families allow young children to go to work?
A. They don't know how bad it is.
B. The grownups don't want to work.
C. The families are very poor and need the income.
D. The children are paid a lot of money.
9. How do you know Aghan was not happy making carpets away from his family?
A. He dreamed of learning to write. B. He was rescued.
C. He cried for his mother. D. He lives in a shelter.
10. In New Delhi, Aghan……
A. worked for a group that is opposed to child labor. B. received an education.
C. lived with his family. D. made carpets.
READING 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1)... as reading a newspaper or managing theừ money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2)...for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3)...or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, like computer operation or police work, (4) ... satisfactory completion of special training courses.
Education is also important (5)... it helps people get more out of life. It increases then knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them acquire the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, (6)... the skills needed to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical (7)... Such education becomes (8)...
important as people gain more and more leisure time.
Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become necessary because social changes today take place with increasing speed and (9)... the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10)... the skills for adjusting to them.
1. A. works B. jobs C. actions D. activities
2. A. do B. prepare C. make D. work
3. A. license B. card C. diploma D. paper 4. A. requires B. requiring C. require D. to requree 5. A. therefore B. despite C. although D. because 6. A. such as B. for instance C. such that D. for example 7. A. appliance B. equipment C. instrument D. device 8. A. increased B. increasing C. increase D. increasingly 9. A. effect B. affect C. affective D. effective
10. A. with B. for C. in D. to
WRITING 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that has the same meaning as the original one.
1. I didn't know you were coming, so I didn't wait for you.
A. If I had known you were coming, I would wait for you.
B. I would have waited for you if I knew you were coming.
C. Had I known you were coming, I would have waited for you.
D. If I had know you were coming, I would have waited for you.
2. When I picked up my book I found that the cover had been torn.
A. Picking up my book, the cover had been torn.
B. On picking up the book, I saw that the cover had been torn.
C. The cover had been torn when my book picked up.
D. Picked up, the book was torn.
3. He is a man of extreme honesty.
9 A. He is an extremely honest man. B. It is extremely honest that he is a man.
C. It is of extreme honesty to a man like him. D. He is an extreme honesty man.
4. I do physical training because I want to keep fit.
A. I want to keep fit because I do physical training.
B. I want to do physical training so I keep fit.
C. I do physical training in order to keep fit.
D. So as to do physical training, I keep fit.
5. The sea was so cold that we couldn't swim in it.
A. The cold sea helped us to swim.
B. We couldn't swim with such a cold sea.
C. The cold sea prevented us from swimming in it.
D. It was such a cold sea that we could swim
WRITING 2. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given unchanged. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1. Here’s the house where I lived as a child. (in )
Here’s the house...as a child.
2. I don’t know what made her quit her job. ( reason )
I don’t ... she quit her job.
3. Passengers wishing to get up can do so after the seat belt light has gone off. who Passengers... can do so after the seat belt light has gone off.
4.He didn’t study enough for his exams, so he failed two of them. (caused ) He didn’t study enough for his exams... two of them.
5. He always checked his car tyres before setting off on a journey. ( until ) He never set off on a journey...his car tyres.
6.I’ve read all of Jane Austen’s novels and there were only a couple that I didn’t enjoy (most )
=>I’ve read all of Jane Austen’s novels,... I enjoyed.
7. Dr Williams is a cardiologist and has his surgery on the second floor.
(Whose)
Dr Williams,... on the second floor, is a cardiologist.
8. Last week Phil took part in a spelling competition and won first prize. ( in ) Phil won first prize in a spelling competition... last week.
WORD FORMS. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals.
1. My sister’s very...and she never stays out late because that worries my mum.
(THOUGHT)
2. Our teacher is really ... and makes us laugh with her stories. FUN 3. I get on well with my brother and there’s no sibling ... at all. RIVAL 4. My dad can’t wear ... jumpers because they irritate his skin. WOOL
5. You need to have a lot of ... to become an actor or actress.
CONFIDENT
6. My ... with Selina began when we were both six years old. FRIEND 7. I love sitting on my new sofa. It's so ... COMFORT 8. She chose light-coloured furniture to ... up her dull flat. BRIGHT 9. It’s certainly ...to drive at high speed. DANGER 10. August is a ... month in our city, as everyone is away on holiday. PEACE 11. The ... held up the bank and stole £200, 000. ROB 12. Nobody could find the ... to the difficult Maths problem. SOLVE 13. Even though they had financial difficulties, they were ... married. HAPPY 14. I feel very ... today. I think I’ll have some coffee. SLEEP WORD CHOICE. Choose the correct option for each sentence.
My English teacher is great! She lived in the UK for a year and she often speaks to us 1) on/about life there. She always speaks 2) to/about us in English and that really helps us too. We do lots of interesting things in class – sometimes we 3) translate/listen English pop songs. We do the easy bits and our teacher 4) explains/means the difficult bits to us. Sometimes, our teacher invites her English- speaking friends into our class to talk 5) to/at us about different things. We can’t always 6) understand/hear everything they say but we enjoy it anyway. Last year, she invited a Scottish friend to the classroom – he 7) pronounced/meant words in a very interesting way! I think there are a lot of English words which are difficult to 8) say/speak. Our teacher often asks us to listen and 9) repeat/understand. I think it’s really useful to 10) speak/say a foreign language because then you can talk 11) to/about people in their own language.
--- LESSON 5 – February 18th, 2016
I. PHONETICS. Which word among A, B, C, and D whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other three.
1. A. moustache B. ocean C. celebrate D. special
2. A. character B. cart C. chemistry D.chimney
3. A. society B. social C. cellar D. proceed
4. A. chain B. choice C. choir D.chocolate
5. A. sufficient B. deficiency C. precious D.concentration
6. A. describe B. science C. scenic D. scepter
7. A. touch B. much C. yacht D. Dutch
8. A. archive B. change C. church D. achieve
9. A. pace B. race C. lose D cellphone
10. A. chronic B. molecule C. critic D. scenery
II. READING 1.
SMART EXERCISE (READING CHALLENGE 3)
10 Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to go play between hitting the books. Based on information they have collected over the years, researchers have seen an apparent connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a researcher at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels, including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. She says, “While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can literally cause physical changes in the brain.”
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do things that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician, believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. “Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses,” says Barnes.
“They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning.”
The benefits of exercise on the brain are not just for babies. Older people can beef up their brains by working out as well. Researchers at Cornell University studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to forty percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants, exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.
For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful.
The main goal is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. Your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.
(1) Choose the best answer.
1. What is the main idea of this reading?
A. How to exercise B. How exercise helps the brain C. How to get good scores on a test D. How the brain can change
2. According to the reading, what is the connection between exercise and brain development?
A. Exercise makes us less intelligent.
B. The brain needs special mental exercise.
C. The more exercise, the bigger the brain.
D. Physical exercise helps us think better.
3. The minimum amount of exercise required to gain any benefit is...
A. Three hours per week B. Forty hours per week C. Three hours per day D. Forty hours per month 4. Why is yoga recommended for seniors?
A. It is easy on joints. B. It does not increase the heart rate.
C. It can be done in groups. D. It includes learning new motions.
5. What type of patient does a pediatrician probably treat?
A. Poor people B. Children C. Animals D. Old people
(2) Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the underlined word or phrase.
a. connect; link b. related to the body and exercise c. actually; in fact d. become wider or more accessible e. movement f. recent past; a time not long ago 1. ...She is literally the best student in school.
2. ...I hate sports, but I still have to take a physical education class in school.
3. ...Your short-term memory can get worse with age.
4. ...Motion of our bodies can improve how well we think.
5. ...Some researchers associate exercise with brain development.
6. ...Exercise causes blood vessels to open up so blood flows more easily.
III. WORD FORMS 1. Complete the text below with the correct form of the words in capitals.
Many people consider (1)...to be the most important (2)....
they can have. It is (3)...to have a friend you can talk to and share (4).... experiences with. However, it is important to choose friends (5) ... An ideal friend should be (6)... and when any difficulties arise, hopefully be there for us. Of course, there will be times when we might be (7).... of our friends. But, we should always talk things through in a (8)....
way and find a solution to our problems. Moreover, we should be careful not to be (9)…..Without honesty, the bond between friends is (10)...and not worth anything at all.
1. FRIEND 2. RELATION 3. WONDER 4. VALUE 5. CARE 6. THOUGHT 7. DOUBT 8. SENSE 9. TRUTH 10. USE
IV. WORD FORMS 2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals.
1. Don’t use that information in the essay. It’s ... RELEVANT 2. If I don’t set my alarm clock, I always ... . SLEEP 3. Some kids in my class are ... and tell lies really easily. HONEST 4. I can’t see why we need to put the numbers in this order. It’s ... . LOGICAL 5. When you’re writing an email, you can use idioms because it’s………..FORMAL 6. He let his ten-year-old son drive his car! That’s completely……..RESPONSIBLE
11 7. The ...killer, Jack the Ripper, is the subject of many novels and films.
FAMOUS
8.Many ………...have written about the reign of Richard III. HISTORY 9. When they were constructing the new supermarket, they……. ... several skeletons.
(EARTH)
10. They will announce the ……….of the vote at about three o’clock. COME V. WORD STUDY 1. Complete the sentences with the collocations / expressions in the list below.
the other day – all day long – call it a day – at times – on time – in time – pass the time – ahead of its time – time and time again – for the time being 1. Despite technical problems, the flight left....
2. We’ll be getting a new printer next month.So, ...we have to put up with this one 3. Most engineers agreed that the car’s design was ...
4. I started a conversation with the person sitting next to me on the bus to ...
5. I saw Sally... Did you know that she had broken her leg?
6. The match started at 7 pm and Jack arrived just...for the kick-off.
7. Let’s ...and go home.We’ve been working for over twelve hours w ithout a break 8. He keeps making the same mistake ...
9. I find it very difficult to agree with you...Your views can sometimes be extreme 10. I have been sleepy ... …..today. I don’t know what’s the m atter with me.
VI. WORD STUDY 2. Read the sentences and complete them with the correct form of the verbs hold, run, catch or keep.
1. The student was ... in the act of cheating by the examiner.
2. I just need you to ...an eye on Sam while I go out.
3. Jenny will certain ly... everyone's attention with that dress she's wearing.
4. Blue eyes and red hair……... in my family. Only my aunt has brown eyes.
5. When my grandmother was in hospital, I used to …... her company in the afternoons.
6. Mary is moving to another city, but we promised to ….... in touch w ith each other 7. ... a business requires many skills and expertise.
8. You can't rely on Roger. Actually, he's the kind of person that can't... ..a promise.
9. The winner of the marathon had to…. ...his breath before speaking to the journalist.
10. Please...in mind that smoking is not allowed in this building.
11. We all... our breath when the winner of the com petition was being announced 12. As I was running to ……... the bus, I slipped and fell.
13. Can you …... a secret? Jane is organising a surprise party for Kevin’s birthday!
14. The children ………... hands while walking down the street.
VII. READING 2. Choose A , B, C, or D to complete the following dialogue.
Jim: Have you made up your mind about where to go on holiday?
Mike: I've narrowed down my choices to two (0) rather large countries, France and Mexico. What do you think?
Jim: Well, France is one of (1) the …. countries in Europe. Did you know it's twice (2) ... the UK? Since you've got eight weeks off (3) ....work, you could go on a cycling tour of the country.
Mike: I'd like to visit (4)… Alps and Mont Blanc, which is (5).... than any other mountain in Western Europe. I suppose I could also go on long walks in the country, as the climate there is similar (6).... that in Britain.
Jim: Really? I think it's (7).... warmer. Especially on the Riviera, the Mediterranean in winter is (8) …..temperature as the British coastal waters are in summer! I can really picture you, tanned and relaxed, tasting delicious local specialities (9)….
Camembert cheese, frogs' legs and snails!
Mike: Come on, that sounds disgusting!
Jim: Apparently, they taste (10) …better than they sound.
Mike: I don't know. I'd rather go to Mexico and eat tortillas and chilli every day!
0. A. rather B. most C. far D. too
1. A. larger B. largest C. the larger D. the largest 2. A. bigger than B. as big as C. so big as D. as bigger than
3. A. a B. the C. some D. Ø
4. A. an B. the C. some D. Ø
5. A. higher B. highest C. the higher D. the highest
6. A. as B. with C. to D. of
7. A. more B most C. much D. quite
8. A. the same B same C similar D. the similar
9. A such B as C. like D. so
10. A pretty B. far C. the D. more
VIII. WRITING. Rewrite the following sentences so that each that keeps the same meaning as the original.
1. She didn’t say a word as she left the room.
She left ...
2. They think the owner of the house is abroad.
The owner ...
3. Speaking English fluently is not easy.
It ...
4. I’m sorry that I didn’t finish my homework last night.
I wish ...
5. She asked John how he liked her new dress.
“How ...?"...
6. A train leaves at eight o’clock every morning.
There is ...
7. Nobody can deny that she has a beautiful voice.
12 It can’t...
8. I would like you to help me to put the chair away.
Do you mind ...?
--- LESSON 6 – (February 25th, 2016)
READING 1. Read the passage then do the exercises that follow it.
Campaigning for the Earth
In 1971, a small boat set sail from Vancouver, Canada, to Amchitka, one of the Aleutian Islands connecting North America and Asia. of non-violent protest against a nuclear test that was to be conducted by the It was a gesture United States government. The crew on the Phyllis Cormack included a doctor, a geographer, an engineer, a political science teacher, a deep-sea diver, a social worker, a photographer, and three journalists. Vehement opposition of the test from politicians, scientists, government and environmental agencies, as well as the residents of the Aleutian Islands, had been staged for months preceding the launch of the Phyllis Cormack. Despite the protests, the US refused to change its plans to conduct the test.
Sadly, the ship and her crew did not reach Amchitka and failed to prevent the nuclear test from occurring. Although Amchitka had not had any inhabitants since the mid-nineteenth century and there was no imminent danger to humans, the explosion caused tremendous suffering to local wildlife. It also caused wide-scale destruction of the island, including a crater more than one mile wide and sixty feet deep. The voyage of the Phyllis Cormack did not succeed in stopping the nuclear test, but this peaceful demonstration did have a very positive outcome. It attracted world-wide attention and gave birth to the international movement called Greenpeace.
Today, Greenpeace is an international, non-profit organization with offices in more than forty countries throughout Asia, Europe, North and South America, and the Pacific. Its headquarters is in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Each office has its own board of directors and agenda based on the unique needs of the region. Greenpeace representatives from around the world meet each year to discuss environmental issues and concerns of the global community. According to its website, “Greenpeace exists because this fragile earth deserves a voice. It needs solutions. It needs change.
It needs action.” Greenpeace is committed to making the public aware of environmental abuses. It seeks change through creative, non-violent confrontations between activists and those responsible for harming the environment.
Greenpeace is currently working in six major areas where there is significant threat to the environment. The first two areas address radiation and chemical contaminants.
As its initial action against the nuclear test on Amchitka demonstrated, Greenpeace stands firm in its commitment to end the production and use of nuclear weapons. It also aims to eliminate toxic chemicals that are released into the environment.
The third area of concern is the threat posed to the environment by genetically engineered food ingredients, which cause irreversible biological pollution and many types of health risks. In 2002, Greenpeace published the True Food Guide. This helps consumers to select their foods by rating food companies according to their willingness to use genetically engineered ingredients in their products.
A fourth item on the Greenpeace agenda is the protection of marine life. Of particular concern are commercial fishing practices that do not protect endangered species. Greenpeace is also engaged in educating the world community about the effects of global warming.
Finally, Greenpeace actively supports measures that will protect the remaining ancient forests of the world. With more than 80 percent of the world’s forests already gone, preserving what we have left seems more urgent than ever. In a recent victory, the Maisin people of Collingwood Bay, in Papua New Guinea, won a three-year legal struggle to deny loggers access to their land. Greenpeace played an important role in defending the interests of the Maisin in the court case.
I. Mark each statement as either true (T) or false (F) according to the reading.
1. .... The Phyllis Cormack saved wildlife on Amchitka.
2. .... Greenpeace works to protect the world’s environment.
3. .... Greenpeace wants to eliminate toxic chemicals.
4. .... Less than 20 percent of the world’s forests are already gone.
II. Choose the best answer according to the reading.
1. Which of the following was NOT on the crew of the Phyllis Cormack?
A. a social worker B. a teacher C. a politician D. an engineer 2. Where is Greenpeace headquartered?
A. In the United States B. In more than 40 countries C. In Vancouver, Canada D. In the Netherlands 3. Why are some people concerned about genetically engineered food?
A. They say it causes biological pollution.
B. They say it tastes bad and is poisonous.
C. They believe it releases toxic chemicals.
D. They believe it destroys ancient forests.
III. Look for the answers to these two questions in the book.
1. How does Greenpeace seek change? ……..
2. What did Greenpeace do in 2002? ……..
IV. Fill in each blank with the best word or phrase from the list. Use each word or phrase only once.
acid rain ozone layer extinction biodegradable greenhouse effect pollutants
1. Many scientists think the ... is warming the Earth’s temperature.
2. ... has harmful effects on plants and water animals.
3. Several animal species face ... due to environmental damage.
13 4. The ... protects the Earth from radioactive sun rays.
5. ... products decompose naturally and merge with the Earth’s soil.
6. Automobile exhaust, burning coal, and litter are all types of ……...
III. Complete the sentences with these words.
funny good lazy lively old quite
1. Madrid is quite an interesting city. There are lots of things to see there.
2. My house is ... and doesn’t have any heating. It’s very cold in winter.
3. Brett is really ... . He always makes me laugh.
4. My mum says I’m ... . I like to sleep a lot!
5. I’m quite interested in watching football. I’m not very ... at playing it though.
6. Write to me. I’m a very ... person and I always have a lot to say!
READING 2. WORKING IN A ZOO
Zoo-keeping is an (0) .... but fascinating job. A lot of young people say they want to work (1) .... animals and being a zookeeper is possibly the most interesting of the jobs you could be (2)... . The job (3)...not just cleaning and feeding the animals in the zoo but also checking up on them to make sure they are well or if there are any (4)...to their behaviour. You will also need to (5)...after them if they are sick. You have to be prepared to do more (6)... boring tasks as well, such as checking their cages and enclosures. In addition, you have to enjoy working with people (7)...you usually have to answer questions from visitors to the zoo.
You don't need to have a lot of (8)... to be a zookeeper. It is the kind of job that (9)... more on you having an interest in animals and animal behaviour. If you want to apply, it's a good idea to get some experience by doing some volunteer (10)...at the weekends. You may also need to be quite fit as you may have to do a lot of walking and (11)...You don't just have to work in a zoo either, as many zookeepers work in wildlife parks, which can be (12)...more exciting!
0. A. abnormal B. unexpected C. unusual D. extraordinary
1. A. by B. with C. for D. beside
2. A. suggested B. proposed C. shown D. offered 3. A. considers B. contains C. involves D. needs 4. A. substitutes B. alterations C. departures D. alternatives
5. A. get B. look C. take D. go
6. A. customary B. unoriginal C. habitual D. routine 7. A. because B. owing C. so D. therefore 8. A. preparing B. coaching C. training D. guiding 9. A. counts B. relies C. trusts D. leans 10. A. occupation B. business C. job D. work 11. A. holding B. transporting C. carrying D. bearing
12. A. much B. very C. quite D. plenty
WORD STUDY.
I. PHRASAL VERBS with TURN
Complete the sentences using the most suitable preposition below.
to • off • down • on • up • out
1. It turns ...that they are from Belarus and they are lovely people.
2. Alex was sorry he was turned...for the job.
3. We hadn't seen Mike for ages, and then he suddenly turned ...
4. When we turned ...the lights, we saw that the kitchen was in a terrible mess.
5. Students who have problems can turn ... the counsellor.
6. We turned...the water supply while the workmen were fixing the pipes.
II. Circle the word that cannot be used with the verb in CAPITAL.
1. FORM an idea a memory an impression an opinion 2. PASS the time an exam judgment an expression 3. MAKE a comment an attempt a realisation a difference 4. KEEP your promise a decision your word your distance 5. TAKE the advantage to the time to the opportunity to the trouble to III. Complete the sentences using words from
1. How do you pass... at the weekend when it rains?
2. Will it make... if I tell you what I think?
3. I don't trust Mike, You should keep...from him.
4. Unfortunately, people often form a negative...of someone because of the way they are dressed.
5. Bob and Sue took ...plan their holiday route carefully beforehand. They were glad they'd done it.
WRITING. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given.
1. They entered the competition so they could be on television. ORDER They entered the competition... on television.
2. The stadium is much too small for the concert. ENOUGH The stadium...for the concert.
3. Martin started singing when he was 13. BEEN
Martin...he was 13.
4. 'Help us to help the environment,' he said to us. ASKED He...help the environment.
5. She is better at acting than her brother. AS
Her brother is ...as she is.
6. They ask you to switch your phone off in the studio. MUST You... your phone on in the studio.
7. I think they invented the story about the gorilla! MADE I think they...the story about the gorilla!
8. That dress really suits you! AMAZING
That dress...on you!
9. He was too tired to work any more. THAT
14 He was... he couldn't work any more.
10. There's no point going to the market today. WASTE It's... going to the market today.
WORD FORMS. MAKE MONEY FROM BEING ON TV
You can make a career from (0) REALITY (REAL) TV. Some of these television programmes will pay you to appear in their shows. Others will reward the (1) ...(WIN). How successful you are depends on how good your (2) ...(PERORM) is because, after all, these shows are all about (3) ...
(ENTERTAIN). Other opportunities include being asked to make an (4) ...
(APPEAR) on other television programmes. One star of Castaway now has a regular job in a big London (5) ...(MUSIC). The disadvantages are firstly that, in a programme like Pop Idol, you have to beat all the other (6) ... (COMPETE) and in programmes like Big Brother the (7) .... (PRODUCE) will be filming you 24 hours a day. At some stage you are bound to say or do something you may not be (8) ...(PARTICULAR) proud of when you later come out of that unusual situation.
No one, other than the other (9)...(CONTEST), will know how extreme the situation was and may not empathise with you. If you are (10)... (FORTUNE) you may get celebrity status, but it may not be the kind you want!
LESSON 7 - March 2nd, 2016
LEXICO-GRAMMAR. Choose the word (A, B, C or D) that best completes the sentence.
1. Have you... your accommodation for your holiday to Spain yet?
A. booked B. closed C. bought D. taken
2. My mum really wants us to go on a ..., but I don’t like the idea of spending a week on a boat.
A. voyage B. journey C. travel D. cruise
3. We spent all day ...from London to Glasgow by bus.
A. travelling B. cruising C. journeying D. voyaging 4. What a terrible ...! We spent ten hours stuck in traffic.
A. guide B. ride C. accommodation D. journey 5. When we go on holiday, we’re going to….. a bus to the airport.
A. have B. catch C. book D. travel
6. You... have told him the truth straight away. It’s too late now.
A. should B. must C. could D. can
7 You must... really tired when you got to the end of the marathon.
A. be B. been C. have been D. being
8. He ...have left already! He was supposed to be taking me home!
A. can’t B. wasn’t able to C. mustn’t D. couldn’t
9. Oliver... stay up late last night studying for the test.
A. should B. could C. must D. had to
10. I have no idea where I left my trainers. I guess I ...left them at the gym.
A. must have B. could be C. have to D. should be 11. Sarah said she....her homework at home.
A. was left B. had left C. leave D. is leaving
12. William asked me where...him.
A. had I seen B. did I C. I saw D. I had seen 13. Carol told me... anyone what had happened.
A. don’t tell B. not telling C. not to tell D. to not tell 14. Mrs Jones asked me why... to see the doctor after school.
A. I am going B. am I going C. I was going D. was I going 15. Mum asked me what... doing all day while she was at work.
A. had I been B. I had been C. have I been D. I have been 16. I can't... to buy tickets for the concert yet.
A. decide B. succeed C. provide D. afford
17. Species are being... by changes in the world’s climate.
A. cut down B. wiped out C. held back D. put away 18. The recording company...millions of euros in new groups.
A. invests B. promotes C. donates D. releases
19. Those reality shows really...on my nerves.
A. take B. test C. get D. give
20. He didn’t ...attention to the teacher’s lectures.
A. take B. get C. pay D. show
READING 1. The Origin of the Universe
Throughout recorded history, the origin of the universe has been a topic of ongoing controversy. In particular, debate has centered around how - or if - the universe began. One school of thought, especially held by Jewish, Christian, and Islamic religions, is that the universe was created. Thus, there was a time when there was no universe, and equally, there will be a time when there will be an end to the universe.
On the other hand, some people, like the Greek philosopher Aristotle, did not like the idea of the universe having a beginning. He preferred to believe that the universe had existed and would exist forever and that it was eternal and perfect. One thing that these two schools of thought originally had in common was that no matter what the origin or the ending of the universe, the universe itself was static and unchanging. In fact, this was a natural belief to have since recorded history is so short that the universe has not changed significantly in all that time.
In the 19th century, however, evide
