TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI THPTQG 2022
EDITED BY MR. PHUC LAO ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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LÝ THUYẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT INDEX
CONTENT PAGE
I.PRONUNCIATION 3
II. STRESS SYLLABLE 18
III. SPEAKING 21
IV. CLOSEST MEANING 23
V. IDIOM 58
VI. COLLOCATION 64
VII. PHRASAL VERBS 85
VIII. PREPOSITION 92
IX. TAG QUESTIONS 94
X. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE 96
XI. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME 98
XII. PASSIVE VOICE 100
XIII. PARTICIPLE 102
XIV. ORDERS OF ADJ 105
XV. COMPARISONS 106
XVI. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 108
XVII. INVERSION 112
XVIII. REPORTED SPEECH 114
XIX. TENSES 117
XX. MODAL VERBS 118
XXI. VOCABULARY 118
XXII. WORD FORM 119
XXIII. ERROR RECOGNITION 120
XXIV. CLOZE TEST 121
XXV. READING COMPREHENSION 122
I. PRONUNCIATION
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. VOWELS Sound Structu
re
Example
/ɑ:/
_a_ Father, garage, enhance/ɪ ˈ ɑːn h ns/(BrE) / n hæns/(AmE)ɪ ˈ _ar_ guitar, target, garden, departure, star, bizarre, scar, farther _ear_ heart, hearth(family),Exception
/e/
parents /ˈperənt/, peasantSound Structure Exam
ple
/ʌ/
_o_(in first syllable)
son, done, some, come, month, money, nothing, something, wonderful, other, cover, another, mother, government,…
_oo_ flood, blood
_ou_ touch, double, tough, enough, cousin, couple, rough, trouble, young, country
_ov_ above, love, glove, dove,
_u_ cut, truck, luxury, lucky, bug, ugly _um_ umbrella, slumber, plumber, pump
_un_ unable, understand, fund, fun, run, sun,
_up_ cup, up, hiccup, upgrade, hug, mug, plug, supper
_us_ just, hustle, bus, cluster, bust, hush, must, husband, industry _ut_ utter, clutch, hut, shut, button,
Excepti on
/ɔː/ cough /kɔːf/
/ʊ/ Foot / fʊt/, book /uː/ Food / fuːd/, smooth
/əʊ/ Stove /stəʊv/, shoulder /ˈʃəʊldər/
/aʊ/ doubt
Sound Structure Exam
ple
_i_ Pi (= 3.14)
_ibe_ Describe, prescribe, subscribe _ie_ lie, tie, die, pie
_eye_ dye, eye
_fly_ butterfly
_ide_ decide, tide, widen, hide, bride _ike_ bike, dislike, hitch-hike,
_ile_ pile, while, file,
/ai/
_ind behind, blind, wind, bind, _ine_ decline, fine, nine, shine,
_ise_, _ize_ realize, recognize, franchise, wise, advise _ipe_ wipe, ripe,
_ite_ write, bite, kite, polite, finite, white _ive_ drive, survive,
cy_ cycle
_ype_ type
_yph typhoon
_y(ending of a word )
fly, why, try, dry, my, by, shy, satisfy, deny, supply, deny
ty_ type
_uy_ buy, guy,
Excepti on
/ə/ recipe/ˈresəpi/ công thứ c nấ u ăn
/ɪ/ definite, infinite, examine, determine , typical /ˈtɪpɪkl/
Sound Structu re
Exam ple
/ɑu/
_au_ Gauche
_ou_ trouser, blouse, sprout, foul, out, our, couch, house, doubt, boundary, bounce, shout, noun, count, mountain, round, ground, aloud,
about, around,…
_ow_ now, shower, howl, how, owl, cow, town, crowded, brown,…
_own_ down, gown, town, clown
Exception / u:/ mow/mu:/= cut
Sound Structu re
Exam ple
/aiə/
_ia_ diary, diabetes
_ie_ quiet, science, client, scientist, _ir_ iron
_ire_ fire, hire, entire, wireless, vampire, acquire, desire _yre_ tyre
Sou nd
Structu re
Exam ple
/ aiə
e/
_ia_ triangle, diameter,
Sound Structu re
Example
_ea_ Head, lead/led/, wealthy, healthy, health, spread, read (past participle), feather,
/e/
_eb_ web, debt
ec_ Ecstasy, special
_ed_ wedding, Wednesday/ wenzdi/, pedal, pedagogy, _ef_ chef, left
_eg_ egg, peg, leg,
_el_ help, overwhelm, shelf, selfish, belt, knelt, felt _ell_ shell, sell, bell, seller, smell
_em_ member, resemble, assemble, embassy
_en_ bench, end, trend, vendor, defend, bend, envelop _ep_ episode, skeptical
_es_ chest, festival, fresh, estimate, western,
_et_ kettle,
_ev_ evidence,
Sound Structu
re Examp
le
/eə/
_air_ hair, chair, pair, fair,
_are_ bare, care, share, flare, aware, declare, spare _ear_ wear, tear, pear, beard, bear
_eir_ heir người thừa kế
Sound Structu re
Exampl e
/ei/
_ai_ wait, straight, bait, rain, gain, fainted, paint, maiden, maid, braid, daily _ache_ headache, stomachache, backache,
_ade_ fade, spade, homemade, glade, shade _ake_ awake, lake, cake, take, earthquake _ape_ tape, shape,
_ase_ chase, vase, phrase,
_ate_ plate, ate, fate, hate, formulate, late, estimate, vibrate, appreciate, communicate,
graduate, alternate, …
_ave_ shave, behave, slave, wave, pavement, engrave, _eak_ Break, steak
_eat_ Great,
_ei_ weight, vein, veil, neighbor, _ey_ grey, survey, convey, prey
_ay_ gray, may, play, stay, tray, decay, saying, Exception /iː/ freak, quay/ ki:/ (port)
/aɪ/ height /haɪt/
Sou
nd Structu
re Exam
ple
/æ/
_a_ charity,
_ach_ attach,
_ad_ glad, advertise, add, bad,
_am_ chamber, clamp, stamp, ambassador
_an_ hand, understand, chance, dance, enhance, band _at_ bat, chat, hat, flat, sat, hatch,
Exception / /ɒ
/ɑː/
wad/w d/ɒ (BrE) ; /wɑːd/ (AmE) yacht /j t/ɒ (BrE) ; /j t/ɑː (AmE), /ei/ Ache /e k/ɪ
Sou nd
Structu re
Exam ple
/ə/
_a_
a_
alive, agree, awareness, affair, about, across, again, another, apartment, banana, woman, sofa,…
ad_ advantage, addition, address, _ant_ Elephant, elegant, brilliant
_le_ Telephone, elephant _em problem, solemn
_en_ kitchen, excellent, open, happen, experience, different, conscience _ient efficient, proficient, ancient, patient
_er_ together, leather, eager, singer, ginger, photographer, western _i_ medicine, nationality,
_ible_ possible, responsible, terrible, edible _our_ behaviour, harbour, labour,
_ous_ anxious, famous, nervous, dangerous, thorough/'θ rə/ʌ , _u_ suggest, suppose, century, autumn, circus
_ur_ survive, surprise,
_ure_ future, feature, picture, creature, measure _ate_(l
ast syllable in ADJ and NOUN)
(ADJ): accurate, approximate, private, moderate, separate, delicate, certificate, appropriate, considerate, passionate (NOUN): climate, chocolate
Exception /əv/ or /ʌv/ of,
/jʊə/ pure, cure, during, curiosity, viewer /vju:/
Sound Structur Examp
e le
/ɜ:/
_er_ emergency, detergent, merge, emerge, diverse, universe _ear
_
earn, early, pearl, learn _irl_ girl, birthday, whirl /wɜːrl/
_or_ worm, workshop, work, worse _orl
d_
world
_ur_ slur, curly, burst, burglar, curtain, furniture, burnt, urgent, current, further, excursion
_urn t_
burnt
Exception /jʊə/ endure,
/ eə/ bear, pear
Sound Structu re
Exampl e
/əu/
_oa_ Boat, throat, goat, float, boast, coach, load, road, toad _oam_ foam, roam
_o Mango, go
_oe_ hoe, toe, foe, goes _oke_ coke, choke
_old_, old, fold, golden, hold, cold, told, sold _ole_ hole, stole
_olk_ folk, yolk _ome_ home, dome
_one_ phone, cone, cyclone
_ose_ Chose, chosen , dose, nose, pose, suppose, enclose _ost_ host, most, postman, ghost
_ote_ quote, note, wrote, vote _ou_ dough, though, although _oul_ mould, shoulder, soul, poultry
_ow_ sow, show, know, grow, blow, glow, snow, throw, slow, window, yellow, tomorrow
_own_ flown, thrown, shown, own, known _oze_ frozen
Exception /ʌ/ done/dʌn/
/uː/ Shoe, lose
/ɔː/ frost, lost, cost
Sound Structu re
Example _our_ hour, flour, sour, our
/ auə /
_ower_ shower, flower Sound Structure Example
/ əuə /
_ower_ GrowerSound Structure Examp
le
/I/
_age_ cottage, vintage, average, damage, savage, advantage, dosage, village, message, manage, beverage, leakage ,…
e_(in first syllable)
Eternal, emergency, embarrass
_e_ pretty, prepare, decide, regret, retreat, become, ……
en_ English, en rich, enable, enhance, enlarge endanger, enclose Ending with
_ed (_ted, _ded)
needed, decided, invited, polluted, demanded,
_ed (ADJ)
/id/ 1. aged / eɪdʒid /(a): cao tuổi, lớn tuổi
aged / eɪdʒd /(Vpast): trở nên già, làm cho già cỗi 2. blessed /blesid/ (a): thần thánh, thiêng liêng 3. crooked / krʊkid/(a): cong, oằn, vặn vẹo, lươn lẹo 4. dogged / dɒɡdi /(a): gan góc, gan lì, bền bỉ
5. naked /neikid/(a): trơ trụi, trần truồng
6. learned / lɜːnid /(a): có học thức, thông thái, uyên bác learned / lɜːnd /(Vpast): học
7. ragged / ræɡid /(a): rách tả toi, bù xù
8. wicked /wikid/(a): tinh quái, ranh mãnh, nguy hại 9. wretched / ˈretʃɪd /(a): khốn khổ, bần cùng, tồi tệ 10. beloved /bɪˈlʌvɪd /(a): yêu thương
11. cursed / kɜːst /(a): tức giận, khó chịu 12. rugged / ˈrʌɡɪd /(a): xù xì, gồ ghề
13. sacred / ˈseɪkrɪd /(a): thiêng liêng, trân trọng 14. legged / ˈleɡɪd /(a): có chân
15. hatred / ˈheɪtrɪd /(a): lòng hận thù
16. crabbed / kræbid /(a): càu nhàu, gắt gỏng
_i_ kick, hit, industry, six, swim, little, listen, children, picture, similar, different, distance, midnight, discovery, bliss, switch
_ill_ illness, bill, fill, grill, hill, mill, chill _im_ Impossible, imply, implement, _idge_ Bridge. fridge
_ui_ building, guilty, built, guitar
_y_ gym, oxygen, system, physics, typical , sympathy, mystery, syllable , symbol, sympathy, rhythm
_y(ending of a word with more than 2
worry, candy, lively, happily, beautifully, city, quality, uncertainty, nationality, ugly
syllables)
Excepti on
/ɪ/ women, busy /e/ recreation /aɪ/ rhyme /uː/ suit /su:t/
Sound Structu
re Examp
le
/i:/
_e_ equal, even, me, these, scene, complete, extreme, athlete, compete, diabetes, _ea_ heat, beat, bead, seat, scream, increase, cheap, steal, meal, heal, real, cheat,
treat, conceal, reveal, plead, season, creature, read, wreath, wheat, eagle _ee_ agree, feel, keep, meet, need, cheese, cheep, see, three, sleeve, street, freeze,
coffee, thirteen, sheet, knee, spree, agree, free _ei_ receive, deceive, ceiling, receipt/ risi:t/, ,
_ie_ chief, piece, field, niece, believe, movie, cookie, series, species, twentieth,…
Exception
/e/
healthy, wealthySound Structu
re Examp
le
/
Iə/
_ear_ near, hear, ear, clear, spear, appear, tear, fear _eer_ engineer, beer, reindeer, cheer, sheer, peer, _ere_ atmosphere, here,
_eir_ weird
_ien_ audience, experience, obedient, Sound Structu
re
Examp le
/
Iæ/
_ea_ reality, reactionSound Structu
re Examp
le
/
Ie
I/
_ea_ creation, recreation, create _ia_ association,Sound Structu
re Examp
le
/ ɒ /
_o_ dog, box, hot, job, knot, shop, stop, bottle, clock, scholar, orange _ost_ frost, cost, lost,Sound Structu Examp
re le _all_ hall, ball, all, fall, tall, install
_alk_ walk, chalk, talk
/ ɔː /
_au_ daughter, autumn, haul, haunted, because, august, audience, caught, fault, taught, naughty, cauliflower, cauldron ,
_aw_ awesome, awful, draw, flawless, strawberry, straw _awk_ Hawk, awkward
_awn_ dawn, prawn, drawn, lawn
_oar_ board, roar, broaden, hoarse (khàn giọng) _oo_ door, floor,
_or_ short, morning, glorious, corner,
_ore_ score, bore, wore, before, chore, more, adore, ashore,…
_orn_ worn, born, throne, torn,
_ou_ ought, bought, four, fought, pour, course, thought, your, _ow_* knowledge
Exception /ɑː/ or /æ/
aunt /ɑːnt/(BrE); /ænt/ (AmE) laugh /lɑːf/(BrE); /læf/(AmE)
Sound Structu
re Examp
le
/ɔɪ/
_oi_ oil, boil, foil, noisy, noise, exploit, sequoia, choice, soil, coin, spoilt _oy_ boy, destroy,Sound Structu re
Examp le
/u/
_u_ put, full, pull, push, sugar, cushion,…_oo_ book, cook, foot, look, good, took, good, wool, _ou_ could, would, should ≠ double, couple
Sound Structu re
Examp le
/uː/
_u_ rude, include,
_ou_ route, soup, group, through,…
_oo_ boot, mood, moon, noon, pool, too, choose, school, afternoon, shoot _ew_ grew, knew, blew, chew, flew
Sound Structu re
Examp le
/ ju /
_eu_ Europe, European, neutral, pneumonia,
u_ university, United, unique, usage, usually, unicorn ≠ umbrella _u_ duty, nuclear, deputy, huge, supreme, supermarket, mutual _use_ refuse, amuse, use, confuse,
_ute distribute, mute, cute, contribute Exception Guide, disguise /ai/
Sound Structu re
Examp le / ju
ə
/ _ure_ Cure, pure, endure, mature,Exception Sure /ʃʊə(r)/(BrE and AmE) , /ʃɔː(r)/ (BrE)
2. CONSONANT Sound Structu
re
Exam ple
/b/
b_ better, begin, beverage
_b_ herbal, slumber, timber, clamber, globe, rainbow, rebel, rebirth
_b job, sob
_bb_ robber, rubber, bubble, rabbit Excepti
on No sound:
_mb comb, plumber, limb, lamb, climb, thumb, tomb _bt doubt/daut/, debt/det/, subtle
Sound Structure Exam
ple
/d/
d_ day, door, December, document, decide, dislike, damage, duty, distribute,
_d_ endanger, adorable, editor, predict, shadow, candle, odorless, headache, made, today, kindness, laundry,
_d blind, bind, mind, bird, hand, behind
_dd_ shaddock, addition, addiction, address, ladder, middle, pudding, _de tid e , hide, decide, code
t +_ed d +_ed
wanted, visited, delicated,
needed, decided, landed, downloaded, added, Ending with _ed
(âm hữu thanh trước _ed)
banned, begged, breathed, changed, loved, moved, played, raised, rolled, registered.
Excepti on
_du_ /ʒ/ module/ˈmɒdjuːl/, graduate, procedure No sound handsome, handkerchief,
Wednesday, sandwich, grandfather, grandmother, grandparents, grandchildren, Sound Structu
re
Exam ple
/ð/
th_ the. this, that, these, those, they, them, their, though, thus, therefore,
there,
_th_ father, mother, weather, either, feather, together, clothing, neither, although, another, southern, northern, clothing
_th smooth, soothe
_the breathe, clothe, teethe Sound Structur
e Exam
ple
/ f /
f_ father, festival, follow, fault, _f_ refuse, defense, adrift,
_f deaf, belief, half _ff
_
staff, off, coffee, office, different, difficult _g
h_
tough, cough, laugh, _p
h_
photograph, telephone, orphan, geography,
Exception Of/
əv
/, plough/ plau /, though /ð əu
/, although/ɔː
lð əu
/Sound Structu re
Exam ple
/g/
g_ get, game, good, guess, gather, gallery, government, group, gift, goose, glove,
_g_ language, cigarette, wagon, hungry, together, tiger, hamburger, begin, mangrove, forgive
_g fig, hug, plug, drug, drag, _gg_ egg, foggy, beggar, jogging,
Exception No
sound:
gm_ paradigm /ˈpærədaɪm/
gn_ Sign / sain /, design/ dizain /, foreign/ f ɔːr ən /
Sound Structu re
Exam ple
/ dʒ /
ge_ gerund, germ, genius, geography, gel, gem, gender, gesture, George, general, gene,
_ge_ age, page, vegetable,
_ge message, marriage, cottage, village, language, sponge, bridge, plunge, edge,
_gi_ giant, ginger, gin, engineer, origin gy_ gymnastics, gymnast
j_ jam, javelin, jet, jelly, Jack, Jane, January, June, July, jealous, junior, jump, Jupiter,
_j_ major,
Exception colleag ue
/ˈkɒliːɡ/, jabot / ˈʒæboʊ/ , hallelujah /ˌhælɪˈluːjə/
Sound Structu
re Exam
ple
/h/
h_ harrow, hear, hollow, health, heat, house, hug, _wh_ who, whom, whole, whose, whoever, wholly,Exception No sound: heir, honor, honorable, honest, hour, vehicle, rhythm, exhausted, diarrhea, herbal, herb, (âm h câm)
Sound Structu re
Exam ple
y_ young, yellow, yolk, yield, yell, year, yet, yes, yummy, yoga, yoghurt, yard,
/ j /
_y_ beyond
Sound Structu re
Exam ple
/k/
c_, cut, cough, caught, cauliflower, casual, carry, current _c_ declare, picture, action, document,
_cc_ occasion, accommodation, hiccup, account, _c psych i c , politic, heroic,
_ch_ character, school, scholar, scheme, psychology, psychiatrist, psychic, chemistry, chemical, Christmas, Christina, orchid, chaos,
k_ kick, kettle, kindness
_k_ sketch, skillful, skull, chicken _k Pick, chick, click
_ke strike, motorbike, hike,
_que unique, discotheque, boutique, cheque, clique, picturesque, queue, lacquer, liquor, conquer
Exception kn_ know, knowledge, knee, kneel, knelt, knot, knife, knight, knock (âm k câm)
Sound Structu re
Exam ple
/kw/
qu_ quality, qualification, quarrel, question, quantity, quick, quiet, quite, quit _qu_ squirrel, squeeze, liquid, equality, conquest,
_cqu_ acquaint, acquire, acquittal, acquiesce, acquisitive
Sound Structu re
Exam ple
/ l /
_l_ lamb, lorry, lack,
_l_ aloud, explode, delete, complete, _l usual, manual, punctual
_ll_ usually, holly, hell, compel, lullaby, cello, hello, pillow,
Exception No sound:
colonel
/ˈkɜːnl/ , calm, palm, stalk, talk, walk, half (âm l câm)
Sound Structu re
Exam ple
/m/
m_ mature, mother, miracle, memory, mess, milk, motion, mutual,
_m_ umbrella, comb, slumber, combine, timber, cucumber, remember, tomorrow, stamp, clamber,
_m Charm, alarm, storm,
_me Time, crime
_mm_ summer, immigrate, mommy, hammer, _sm/
zəm/
enthusiasm, criticism, humanism, journalism
Exception
_mb climb, thumb, limb, comb, plumber (âm b câm) _ mn autumn / t m/ˈɔː ə , column /ˈ ɑː ək l m/,hymn : bai
thanh ca), condemn: ket an, solemn (âm n câm) mnemonic /n m n k/ɪˈ ɑː ɪ : thu cộ về trí nh (âmớ m câm)
Sound Structu re
Exam ple
/n/
n_ narrow, newspaper
_n_ enrich, endanger, demonstrate, onion _n vacation, information, injection, any, green _nn_ announcement, anniversary,
_ne airline, decline, fine, shrine, mine, dine, airplane, cane, online, Exception annual /ˈænjuəl/
Sound Structure Exam
ple
/ ŋ
/
_an_+c, ancient, , anchorage, _an_ + k, ankle
_an_ + q banquet _an_ + x anxious,
_ang_, angle, angel, language, mango,
_ing_, Sing /siŋ, swing, linguistics, bilingual, thing, mingle, _ink_ twinkle, wrinkle, sprinkle, twinkle, sink, think, pink, _onk_,_ Monkey/ mʌŋki:/
ong_,_ tongue, among, onq_ conquer, _ung_ hungry, plunge
_unc_ function, punctual, junction, conjunction, juncture,
Exception annual/ /ˈænjuəl/, ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/,ancestor /ˈænsestər/ financial, sponge/spʌndʒ/
Sound Structu
re Exam
ple
/p/
P_, pick, pepper, package, paper, paint, passport, peace, peacock, personal, public, punish, plumber,
_p_, impatient, newspaper, sympathetic, pipe, stupid, hope, explode, superman, _p stop, hiccup, chop
_pp_ pepper, hippo, supper, appear, apparent, apple, happy, puppy,
Exception
pn pneumonia, pneumatic, (âm p câm)
/ps Psalter, psephology, psychology, psychic, psychiatrist /saɪ
ˈkaɪətrɪst/
âm p câm
pt Pterodactyl /terəˈdæktɪl/, ptomaine/ təumein/, receipt/ risi:t /
Sound Structu re
Exam ple
/ r
/
r_ road, reality, railway, register, rocket, rude, rabbit,
_r_ increase, spree, freeze, wrong. erosion, parents, airport, depart, more, storm, sure,
port, supermarket, worse, mature, nature, learner, diarrhea, cry,
_r car, beer, four, hour/ /, order, longer, singer, far, further, teacher, seizure, pleasure
_rr_ arrange, carry, lorry, worried, arrow, narrow, arrest, arrive, borrow, correct, barrel, cherry, strawberry, embarrass, ferry, marry, merry, narrative, correct, sorrow, current
wr_ write, wrote, written, wrong, (âm w câm) Exception thawing /θɔːriŋ /
Sound Structu re
Exam ple
/ s /
_c_ ancestor, decide, decease, receive, receipt, recipe, _cc_ Access, accelerator, accept
s c _
/sk/ scar, score, sculpture, scab, scold, scull, /s/ scene, scent, science,
s_ see, sad, silent, slave, summer, social, solution _s_ ask, handsome, taste, industry, hustle, castle, fasten
_se_ release, house, conserve, blouse, goose, loose, louse, moose, _ss_ lesson, messy, blossom, missing, pussy, glossy, embassy, arrest,
_ss discuss, happiness, boss, glass, moss, mass, miss, confess _k + _s kicks, picks, clocks, chicks, checks, brakes, makes,
_f + _s chefs, _p(e) +
_s
stops, hopes, drops, helps, perhaps, claps, _ph +
_s
photographs, paragraphs, _gh +
_s
coughs, laughs,
_t +s hits, meets, regrets, puts _th + _s months
_x_ Text, experience, fix /fiks/, excuse me, Exception No sound listen/ lisn /, castle/ keisl /
aisle/ ai əl / , island/ ai lənd / , isle/ aiel / (âm s câm)
Sou nd
Structure Exam
ple âm p câm
/ ks
/
_vowel + x_
Mix, fax, box, excuse, exchange, excellent, exercise, excited
Soun
d Structu
re Exam
ple
/ʃ/
s_ sure,
_ss_ assurance, passion, confession, impression, ch_ chef, chalet, achievement,
sh_ shield, shadow, shake, shy, share, show, shock, sharp, shell, shipping,
_sh_ ashamed, ashore, cashier, cushion, punishment, establishment, fashion,
_sh flash, cash, ash, blush, push, establish, accomplish, selfish, English,
British, wish, childish, splash,
_c_ + _i_ + vowel
_cie_ ancient,
_cial beneficial, official, _cion suspicion,
_ciou s
suspicious, delicious, unconscious, Âm hữu thanh + _sion passion, mansion, dimension _t_ + _i_ +
vowel
_tial initial, confidential, partial, martial, _tiate
_
differentiate, negotiate, initiate,
_tion caution, attention, recreation, extinction, solution, invention, action,
_tious superstitious, infectious Excepti
on _x_ /k
ʃ/
Anxious/ əeŋ ʃəs/ , sexual, luxury,
Soun
d Structure Exam
ple
/z/
z_ zero, zebra, zip, zodiac, zoo, zone, _zz_ amazing, maze, prize, lazy, Brazil
_zz buzz
the + _s breathes, bathes, clothes Âm hữu thanh +
_s
cars, dreams, drums, eyes, fans, finds, hands, is, kings, plays, rides, runs, says, schools, ties, was, wears, wins, words
vowel + s + vowel choose, season, because, business, busy, desert, desire, easy, fuse, lose, music, noisy, nose, organization, pose, raise, reason, refuse, rise, these, visible, visit, resume, resort
_sm _
journalism, alcoholism, criticism, materialism, organism, socialism, symbolism, terrorism,
_ss_ scissor,
_ x _
/z/ anxiety,
/igz/ Exam, exist, exhaust, exact, example, examine o + _es /z/ Goes, does,
s/ ss + _es passes z +
_es
buzzes, ch + _es watches
x + fixes
_es
sh + _es /iz/ washes,
Excepti
on
/s/
pizza/ pi:tsə/, blouse, goose, house, loose, louse, moose,Sound Structure Exam
ple
/ʒ/
_du_ procedure, education, module _g_ regime, massage, mirage vowel
+_sion
illusion, conclusion, vision, decision, fusion, _sual_ casual, usual, visual
_sure measure, pleasure, _zure Seizure, azure, Excepti
on
sure,
ensure /ɪnˈʃʊr/
Soun
d Structure Exam
ple
/t/
t_ table, technique, temperature, terminal, ticket, territory, two, turn, telephone, _t
_
volunteer, certainty, return, stick, stolen, suitcase,
_t hot, great,
_t t_
attention, attack, better, bottom, bottle, kettle, butterfly, cottage, little, pretty, button, cuttlefish, battle, glitter, utter, batter,
vowel + _te
_at e
inflate, classmate, hate, _et
e
complete, delete, _ite write, bite _ot
e
rote, wrote, remote _ut
e
minute, mute, cute, parachute, _t
h_
Thames, Thomas, thyme, Chatham, Streatham
Sou nd
Structu re
Exam ple
/tʃ/
Ch_ children, charm, chamber, cheating, chariot, chicken, choose, _ch_ orchard, mischievous, achievement,
_ch attach, hatch, fetch, teach, approach, coach, catch, _tu_ actual, mutual, spiritual, eventually,
_ture_ future, creature, capture, culture, departure, furniture, gesture, lecture, manufacture, mixture, picture, sculpture, structure, texture, venture, vulture, juncture,
Exception /t/ mature Sou
nd
Structu re
Exam ple
/θ/
th_ thick, thorough, theme, thumb, think, thought, thigh, thanks, thirsty, thousand, three, Thursday,
_th_ author, authentic, birthday, nothing, everything, something, _th wreath, breath, cloth, teeth, birth,
Exception No
sound
Asthma/ əezmə /, isthmus/ isməs /
Sound Structu re
Exam ple
/ju/
eu_/
_eau_
Europe, European, eureka, Eugene, eucalyptus, beauty/ bjuti:/
u_ usually, use, unique, united, unicorn, union, _uge huge, refuge,
_use amuse/əmjuz/, abuse, reuse, _ute mute, cute,
_ew_ mew, news,
Sound Structu
re Exam
ple
/v/
v_ vary, vase, virus, vacation, veil, venture
_v_ avoid, adventure, aviator, navy, divide, devil, marvelous, heavy, even, salvation,
oval,
vowel + _ve
_ave slave, save, shave, behave, have, cave, _eve sleeve, Steve, evening,
_ive live, dive, forgive, driver
_ove remove, love, over, glove, clover, movement, drove, over, _ph_ Stephen = Steven ,
_f_ Of / əv/
Sound Structu re
Exam ple
/w/
w_ way, win, wing, want, way, worry, willing, wagon, widow, welcome, wear, weird, wait, wonder, Wednesday, witch, watch,
_w_ award, awake, awareness, swan, swim,
wh_ wheat, whale, while, whenever, what, where, why, _wh_ overwhelm, awhile,
Exception No
sound:
_wr
_ wrap/rəep/, wreak/ri:k/, wreath/reθ/ , wreck/rek/, write,
two/tu:/, answer/ əensə/, (âm w câm)
II. STRESS SYLLABLE
Qui tắc đánh trọng âm
N0 Từ loại/ qui
tắc Số âm
tiết Trọng âm Exam
ple
1 Verb
prep
2 2 Relax, begin
Among, between, against, aside
2 Noun
adjective
2 1 Action, teacher
Happy, rainy
3 Noun + verb 2 1 (noun) 2 (verb)
Present, Import Present , Import 4 Động từ ghép
Compound verb
2-3 Từ thứ 2 Overcome
overflow
5 Danh từ ghép 2-3 Từ thứ 1 Raincoat, outcome (kết quả)
snowstorm 6 Tính từ ghép 2-3 Âm 1 của từ thứ 2 Bad-tempered
Short-sighted
7
_cial
trước nó
Crucial, beneficial, special, artificial
_ety Society
_ible Accessible, impossible, irresistible,
_ic/ _ics Economic, economics, politics
_ish foolish
_ical magical
_ically Enthusiastically, sympathetically
_ial initial, confidential,
_id splendid
_ious Insidious
_eous courteous
_uous continuous
_iar Familiar
_ian Musician, librarian, politician
_iasm Enthusiasm,
_ier Plier
_ity Celebrity, quantity, personality, nationality,
ability
_itive Competitive, sensitive
_ion suspicion
_ior Interior, superior,
_ium Ammonium, plutonium, sodium
_sion Decision, television, impression
_tion Attraction, protection, condition, nation
_ience Convenience, experience
_iency Deficiency, proficiency,
_ient Convenient, patient
_logy Psychology, biology,
_sophy philosophy
_graphy Geography, photography
_ular Curricular, peninsular
_ulum Curriculum
_uous Continuous,
8
_cur
Trên chính hậu tố
occur
_ee Degree, employee.
Exception: coffee, committee
_eer Engineer, pioneer
_ese Vietnamese
_ever Whenever
_vert convert
_oo Kangaroo, shampoo
_oon Balloon, afternoon
_sist Insist, consist, assist, resist
_ique Unique, boutique, antique, applique _isque
_esque Picturesque, discotheque,
_ette Cigarette,
_ain Maintain, obtain, again, explain, contain, remain
_ade lemonade
_aire Billionaire, questionnaire
_self Himself, myself
_tain Obtain, attain, entertain
_tract Contract, subtract, extract
_test Protest
_vent prevent
_mental Fundamental, environmental
9
_age
3-4 3 từ cuối lên
Average, coverage, camouflage
_ate complicate
_ary/_ory binary, voluntary, dictionary , necessary,
military
_cy democracy, literacy, emergency, frequency,
fluency, pharmacy
_gy Technology, biology, psychology
_ty certainty, quantity, quality,
_phy Geography, photography
1
0 _how
1
Somehow
_what Somewhat
_where Somewhere , everywhere, anywhere
1
1 _er 2 1 Teacher, flower, father, suffer, offer
Exception:
_or Liquor, tutor
1
2 _ever 2 Chính nó However, whatever
1
3 a_ 2 2 About, again, abuse, alone, asleep
1
4 _ow 1 Follow, borrow
1
5 _teen (number) _teen Eighteen,
1
6 _ty (number) 1 Seventy, twenty,
N0 Hậu tố Gốc
từ Trọng
âm Từ thêm hậu tố
1 _ful beauty
Trọng âm khi thêm hậu tố giống như trọng âm
Beautiful
2 _less thougth thoughtless
3 _able ẹnjoy ẹnjoyable
4 _al tradition Traditional
5 _ous danger Dangerous
6 _ly direct Directly
7 _er work Worker
trên gốc từ
8 _or conquer Conqueror
9 _ant account Accountant
1
0 _ing begin Beginning
1
1 _ive attract Attractive
1
2 _ise,_ize memory Memorize
1
3 _en wide Widen
1 4
_ment employ Employment
1
5 _ness happy Happiness
1
6 _ship friend Friendship
1
7 _hood neighbor neighborhood
N0 Tiền tố Gốc
từ Trọng âm Từ thêm hậu tố
1 En_ danger endanger
2 Dis_ appear
advantage
Trọng âm khi
thêm
disappear disadvantage
3 Im_ perfect /ɪmˈpɜː.felt/,
patient
tiền tố giống
như
imperf ect impati ent
trọng âm trên gốc từ
4 In_ correct incorrect
5 Ir_ regular irregular
6 Re_ call recall
7 Un_ important unimportant
believe unbelievable
8 Non_ toxic non-toxic
9 Over_ crowded overcrowded
estimate overestimate
1
0 Under_ estimate underestimate
III. SPEAKING & COMMUNICATION
TÌNH HUỐNG ĐƯA RA CÂU TRẢ LỜI CẦN ĐÁP LẠI
Lời cảm ơn (Thanks )
Thanks Many thanks Thanks a lot
Thanks very much for
It was so nice/kind/good of you to do sth
I am thankful/grateful to you for …
You are welcome.
Not at all. don’t mention it.
(ko có gì, dừng bận tâm)
-(It’s) My pleasure! (vinh dự của tui) (đều dịch là: Không có gì).
I am glad you like it; I am glad you enjoyed it.
It was the least I could do for you (Ít nhất thì đó là cái tôi có thể làm cho bạn)
I’m glad I could help (tôi mừng vì có thể giúp bạn) Sorry/my bad
My mistake/my apologies
Never mind. (hông có sao đâu) -Don’t worry. (đừng lo) Lời xin
lỗi (Apolog y)
It’s my fault I’m sorry/ I apologize I had that wrong
I was wrong on that I’d like to apologize I want to apologize
I owe you an apology I wanted to tell you I’m sorry That was wrong of me
-It’s alright. (tôi ổn mà)
(đều dịch là: Không sao đâu/ Đừng lo) It doesn’t matter (ko thành vấn đề) Forget it (quên đi)
No problem That’s alright
(Quên nó đi/ ko sao đâu/ đừng bận tâm/
ổn mà)
Ok it’s not your fault (ko phải lỗi của bạn)
Rủ rê (Suggestion)
Shall we …..?
Why don’t we/
you…? How about…?
Let’s ….
Great! I’d love to.
That would be great!
Lời mời
(Offer/ Invitation)
Would you like sth?
Would you like to do sth? Do you feel like doing s.th?
It is very nice/ kind of you. (Bạn thật tử tế)
No thanks (thôi khỏi cám ơn) Thanks/ Thank you, but I ……..
Yes. Thank you/ Yes, please. That’s very kind of you
That would be nice (of you to invite me) That would be lovely (bạn thật tử tế)
Oh, would you really? Thanks a lot (ồ thật ư? Cám ơn nha)
Lời đề nghị giúp đỡ (offering for help) Mình giúp ng ta
Do you need a hand? May I help you?
Would you like me + to do sth? Shall/may I do sth for
…?
Thank you/ Thanks.
It is very nice/ kind of you. (Bạn thật tử tế)
No thanks (thôi khỏi cám ơn) Thanks/ Thank you, but I ……..
Yes. Thank you/ Yes, please.
That’s very kind of you/ that would be nice/ that would be lovely (bạn thật tử tế)
Oh, would you really? Thanks a lot (ồ thật ư? Cám ơn nha)
It’s OK . I can do it myself
Don’t worry, I’ll do it myself (à ko sao. Tui tự làm dc)
-Yes, with please.
-Yes, sure.
