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(1)

TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI THPTQG 2022

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(2)

LÝ THUYẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT INDEX

CONTENT PAGE

I.PRONUNCIATION 3

II. STRESS SYLLABLE 18

III. SPEAKING 21

IV. CLOSEST MEANING 23

V. IDIOM 58

VI. COLLOCATION 64

VII. PHRASAL VERBS 85

VIII. PREPOSITION 92

IX. TAG QUESTIONS 94

X. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE 96

XI. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME 98

XII. PASSIVE VOICE 100

XIII. PARTICIPLE 102

XIV. ORDERS OF ADJ 105

XV. COMPARISONS 106

XVI. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 108

XVII. INVERSION 112

XVIII. REPORTED SPEECH 114

XIX. TENSES 117

XX. MODAL VERBS 118

XXI. VOCABULARY 118

XXII. WORD FORM 119

XXIII. ERROR RECOGNITION 120

XXIV. CLOZE TEST 121

XXV. READING COMPREHENSION 122

(3)

I. PRONUNCIATION

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

1. VOWELS Sound Structu

re

Example

/ɑ:/

^_a_ Father, garage, enhance/ɪ ˈ ɑːn h ns/(BrE) / n hæns/(AmE)ɪ ˈ _ar_ guitar, target, garden, departure, star, bizarre, scar, farther _ear_ heart, hearth(family),

Exception

/e/

parents /ˈperənt/, peasant

Sound Structure Exam

ple

/ʌ/

_o_(in first syllable)

son, done, some, come, month, money, nothing, something, wonderful, other, cover, another, mother, government,…

_oo_ flood, blood

_ou_ touch, double, tough, enough, cousin, couple, rough, trouble, young, country

_ov_ above, love, glove, dove,

_u_ cut, truck, luxury, lucky, bug, ugly _um_ umbrella, slumber, plumber, pump

_un_ unable, understand, fund, fun, run, sun,

_up_ cup, up, hiccup, upgrade, hug, mug, plug, supper

_us_ just, hustle, bus, cluster, bust, hush, must, husband, industry _ut_ utter, clutch, hut, shut, button,

Excepti on

/ɔː/ cough /kɔːf/

/ʊ/ Foot / fʊt/, book /uː/ Food / fuːd/, smooth

/əʊ/ Stove /stəʊv/, shoulder /ˈʃəʊldər/

/aʊ/ doubt

ple

_i_ Pi (= 3.14)

_ibe_ Describe, prescribe, subscribe _ie_ lie, tie, die, pie

_eye_ ^{dye, eye}

_fly_ ^butterfly

_ide_ decide, tide, widen, hide, bride _ike_ bike, dislike, hitch-hike,

(4)

_ile_ pile, while, file,

(5)

/ai/

_ind behind, blind, wind, bind, _ine_ decline, fine, nine, shine,

_ise_, _ize_ realize, recognize, franchise, wise, advise _ipe_ wipe, ripe,

_ite_ write, bite, kite, polite, finite, white _ive_ drive, survive,

cy_ ^cycle

_ype_ ^type

_yph ^typhoon

_y(ending of a word )

fly, why, try, dry, my, by, shy, satisfy, deny, supply, deny

ty_ ^type

_uy_ ^{buy, guy,}

Excepti on

/ə/ recipe/ˈresəpi/ công thứ c nấ u ăn

/ɪ/ definite, infinite, examine, determine , typical /ˈtɪpɪkl/

Sound Structu re

Exam ple

/ɑu/

_au_ Gauche

_ou_ trouser, blouse, sprout, foul, out, our, couch, house, doubt, boundary, bounce, shout, noun, count, mountain, round, ground, aloud,

about, around,…

_ow_ now, shower, howl, how, owl, cow, town, crowded, brown,…

_own_ down, gown, town, clown

Exception / u:/ mow/mu:/= cut

Exam ple

/aiə/

_ia_ diary, diabetes

_ie_ quiet, science, client, scientist, _ir_ ^iron

_ire_ fire, hire, entire, wireless, vampire, acquire, desire _yre_ ^tyre

Sou nd

Structu re

Exam ple

/ aiə

e/

_ia_ triangle, diameter,

(6)

Example

_ea_ Head, lead/led/, wealthy, healthy, health, spread, read (past participle), feather,

(7)

/e/

_eb_ ^{web, debt}

ec_ Ecstasy, special

_ed_ wedding, Wednesday/ wenzdi/, pedal, pedagogy, _ef_ ^{chef, left}

_eg_ egg, peg, leg,

_el_ help, overwhelm, shelf, selfish, belt, knelt, felt _ell_ shell, sell, bell, seller, smell

_em_ member, resemble, assemble, embassy

_en_ bench, end, trend, vendor, defend, bend, envelop _ep_ episode, skeptical

_es_ chest, festival, fresh, estimate, western,

_et_ ^kettle,

_ev_ ^evidence,

Sound Structu

re Examp

le

/eə/

_air_ hair, chair, pair, fair,

_are_ bare, care, share, flare, aware, declare, spare _ear_ wear, tear, pear, beard, bear

_eir_ heir người thừa kế

Exampl e

/ei/

_ai_ wait, straight, bait, rain, gain, fainted, paint, maiden, maid, braid, daily _ache_ headache, stomachache, backache,

_ade_ fade, spade, homemade, glade, shade _ake_ awake, lake, cake, take, earthquake _ape_ tape, shape,

_ase_ chase, vase, phrase,

_ate_ plate, ate, fate, hate, formulate, late, estimate, vibrate, appreciate, communicate,

graduate, alternate, …

_ave_ shave, behave, slave, wave, pavement, engrave, _eak_ Break, steak

_eat_ ^Great,

_ei_ weight, vein, veil, neighbor, _ey_ grey, survey, convey, prey

_ay_ gray, may, play, stay, tray, decay, saying, Exception /iː/ freak, quay/ ki:/ (port)

/aɪ/ height /haɪt/

(8)

Sou

nd Structu

re Exam

ple

/æ/

_a_ ^charity,

_ach_ ^attach,

_ad_ glad, advertise, add, bad,

_am_ chamber, clamp, stamp, ambassador

_an_ hand, understand, chance, dance, enhance, band _at_ bat, chat, hat, flat, sat, hatch,

Exception / /ɒ

/ɑː/

wad/w d/ɒ (BrE) ; /wɑːd/ (AmE) yacht /j t/ɒ (BrE) ; /j t/ɑː (AmE), /ei/ Ache /e k/ɪ

Sou nd

Structu re

Exam ple

/ə/

_a_

a_

alive, agree, awareness, affair, about, across, again, another, apartment, banana, woman, sofa,…

ad_ advantage, addition, address, _ant_ Elephant, elegant, brilliant

_le_ Telephone, elephant _em problem, solemn

_en_ kitchen, excellent, open, happen, experience, different, conscience _ient efficient, proficient, ancient, patient

_er_ together, leather, eager, singer, ginger, photographer, western _i_ medicine, nationality,

_ible_ possible, responsible, terrible, edible _our_ behaviour, harbour, labour,

_ous_ anxious, famous, nervous, dangerous, thorough/'θ rə/ʌ , _u_ suggest, suppose, century, autumn, circus

_ur_ survive, surprise,

_ure_ future, feature, picture, creature, measure _ate_(l

ast syllable in ADJ and NOUN)

(ADJ): accurate, approximate, private, moderate, separate, delicate, certificate, appropriate, considerate, passionate (NOUN): climate, chocolate

Exception /əv/ or /ʌv/ of,

/jʊə/ pure, cure, during, curiosity, viewer /vju:/

Sound Structur Examp

(9)

e le

(10)

/ɜ:/

_er_ emergency, detergent, merge, emerge, diverse, universe _ear

_

earn, early, pearl, learn _irl_ girl, birthday, whirl /wɜːrl/

_or_ worm, workshop, work, worse _orl

d_

world

_ur_ slur, curly, burst, burglar, curtain, furniture, burnt, urgent, current, further, excursion

_urn t_

burnt

Exception /jʊə/ endure,

/ eə/ bear, pear

Exampl e

/əu/

_oa_ Boat, throat, goat, float, boast, coach, load, road, toad _oam_ foam, roam

_o Mango, go

_oe_ hoe, toe, foe, goes _oke_ coke, choke

_old_, old, fold, golden, hold, cold, told, sold _ole_ hole, stole

_olk_ folk, yolk _ome_ home, dome

_one_ phone, cone, cyclone

_ose_ Chose, chosen , dose, nose, pose, suppose, enclose _ost_ host, most, postman, ghost

_ote_ quote, note, wrote, vote _ou_ dough, though, although _oul_ mould, shoulder, soul, poultry

_ow_ sow, show, know, grow, blow, glow, snow, throw, slow, window, yellow, tomorrow

_own_ flown, thrown, shown, own, known _oze_ frozen

Exception /ʌ/ done/dʌn/

/uː/ Shoe, lose

/ɔː/ frost, lost, cost

Sound Structu re

Example _our_ hour, flour, sour, our

(11)

/ auə /

^_ower_ shower, flower Sound Structu

re Example

(12)

/ əuə /

^_ower_ ^Grower

Sound Structure Examp

le

/I/

_age_ cottage, vintage, average, damage, savage, advantage, dosage, village, message, manage, beverage, leakage ,…

e_(in first syllable)

Eternal, emergency, embarrass

_e_ pretty, prepare, decide, regret, retreat, become, ……

en_ English, en rich, enable, enhance, enlarge endanger, enclose Ending with

_ed (_ted, _ded)

needed, decided, invited, polluted, demanded,

_ed (ADJ)

/id/ 1. aged / eɪdʒid /(a): cao tuổi, lớn tuổi

aged / eɪdʒd /(Vpast): trở nên già, làm cho già cỗi 2. blessed /blesid/ (a): thần thánh, thiêng liêng 3. crooked / krʊkid/(a): cong, oằn, vặn vẹo, lươn lẹo 4. dogged / dɒɡdi /(a): gan góc, gan lì, bền bỉ

5. naked /neikid/(a): trơ trụi, trần truồng

6. learned / lɜːnid /(a): có học thức, thông thái, uyên bác learned / lɜːnd /(Vpast): học

7. ragged / ræɡid /(a): rách tả toi, bù xù

8. wicked /wikid/(a): tinh quái, ranh mãnh, nguy hại 9. wretched / ˈretʃɪd /(a): khốn khổ, bần cùng, tồi tệ 10. beloved /bɪˈlʌvɪd /(a): yêu thương

11. cursed / kɜːst /(a): tức giận, khó chịu 12. rugged / ˈrʌɡɪd /(a): xù xì, gồ ghề

13. sacred / ˈseɪkrɪd /(a): thiêng liêng, trân trọng 14. legged / ˈleɡɪd /(a): có chân

15. hatred / ˈheɪtrɪd /(a): lòng hận thù

16. crabbed / kræbid /(a): càu nhàu, gắt gỏng

_i_ kick, hit, industry, six, swim, little, listen, children, picture, similar, different, distance, midnight, discovery, bliss, switch

_ill_ illness, bill, fill, grill, hill, mill, chill _im_ Impossible, imply, implement, _idge_ Bridge. fridge

_ui_ building, guilty, built, guitar

_y_ gym, oxygen, system, physics, typical , sympathy, mystery, syllable , symbol, sympathy, rhythm

_y(ending of a word with more than 2

worry, candy, lively, happily, beautifully, city, quality, uncertainty, nationality, ugly

(13)

syllables)

(14)

Excepti on

/ɪ/ women, busy /e/ ^recreation /aɪ/ rhyme /uː/ suit /su:t/

Sound Structu

re Examp

le

/i:/

_e_ equal, even, me, these, scene, complete, extreme, athlete, compete, diabetes, _ea_ heat, beat, bead, seat, scream, increase, cheap, steal, meal, heal, real, cheat,

treat, conceal, reveal, plead, season, creature, read, wreath, wheat, eagle _ee_ agree, feel, keep, meet, need, cheese, cheep, see, three, sleeve, street, freeze,

coffee, thirteen, sheet, knee, spree, agree, free _ei_ receive, deceive, ceiling, receipt/ risi:t/, ,

_ie_ chief, piece, field, niece, believe, movie, cookie, series, species, twentieth,…

Exception

/e/

healthy, wealthy

re Examp

le

/

I

ə/

_ear_ near, hear, ear, clear, spear, appear, tear, fear _eer_ engineer, beer, reindeer, cheer, sheer, peer, _ere_ atmosphere, here,

_eir_ ^weird

_ien_ audience, experience, obedient, Sound Structu

re

Examp le

/

I

æ/

^_ea_ reality, reaction

re Examp

le

/

I

e

I

/

^_ea_ creation, recreation, create _ia_ association,

re Examp

le

/ ɒ /

^_o_ dog, box, hot, job, knot, shop, stop, bottle, clock, scholar, orange _ost_ frost, cost, lost,

Sound Structu Examp

(15)

re le _all_ hall, ball, all, fall, tall, install

_alk_ walk, chalk, talk

(16)

/ ɔː /

_au_ daughter, autumn, haul, haunted, because, august, audience, caught, fault, taught, naughty, cauliflower, cauldron ,

_aw_ awesome, awful, draw, flawless, strawberry, straw _awk_ Hawk, awkward

_awn_ dawn, prawn, drawn, lawn

_oar_ board, roar, broaden, hoarse (khàn giọng) _oo_ door, floor,

_or_ short, morning, glorious, corner,

_ore_ score, bore, wore, before, chore, more, adore, ashore,…

_orn_ worn, born, throne, torn,

_ou_ ought, bought, four, fought, pour, course, thought, your, _ow_^* knowledge

Exception /ɑː/ or /æ/

aunt /ɑːnt/(BrE); /ænt/ (AmE) laugh /lɑːf/(BrE); /læf/(AmE)

Sound Structu

re Examp

le

/ɔɪ/

^_oi_ oil, boil, foil, noisy, noise, exploit, sequoia, choice, soil, coin, spoilt _oy_ boy, destroy,

Examp le

/u/

^_u_ put, full, pull, push, sugar, cushion,…

_oo_ book, cook, foot, look, good, took, good, wool, _ou_ could, would, should ≠ double, couple

Examp le

/uː/

_u_ rude, include,

_ou_ route, soup, group, through,…

_oo_ boot, mood, moon, noon, pool, too, choose, school, afternoon, shoot _ew_ grew, knew, blew, chew, flew

Sound Structu re

Examp le

/ ju /

_eu_ Europe, European, neutral, pneumonia,

u_ university, United, unique, usage, usually, unicorn ≠ umbrella _u_ duty, nuclear, deputy, huge, supreme, supermarket, mutual _use_ refuse, amuse, use, confuse,

_ute distribute, mute, cute, contribute Exception Guide, disguise /ai/

(17)

Sound Structu re

Examp le / ju

ə

/ ^_ure_ Cure, pure, endure, mature,

Exception Sure /ʃʊə(r)/(BrE and AmE) , /ʃɔː(r)/ (BrE)

2. CONSONANT Sound Structu

re

Exam ple

/b/

b_ better, begin, beverage

_b_ herbal, slumber, timber, clamber, globe, rainbow, rebel, rebirth

_b ^{job, sob}

_bb_ robber, rubber, bubble, rabbit Excepti

on No sound:

_mb comb, plumber, limb, lamb, climb, thumb, tomb _bt doubt/daut/, debt/det/, subtle

ple

/d/

d_ day, door, December, document, decide, dislike, damage, duty, distribute,

_d_ endanger, adorable, editor, predict, shadow, candle, odorless, headache, made, today, kindness, laundry,

_d blind, bind, mind, bird, hand, behind

_dd_ shaddock, addition, addiction, address, ladder, middle, pudding, _de tid e , hide, decide, code

t +_ed d +_ed

wanted, visited, delicated,

needed, decided, landed, downloaded, added, Ending with _ed

(âm hữu thanh trước _ed)

banned, begged, breathed, changed, loved, moved, played, raised, rolled, registered.

Excepti on

_du_ /ʒ/ module/ˈmɒdjuːl/, graduate, procedure No sound handsome, handkerchief,

Wednesday, sandwich, grandfather, grandmother, grandparents, grandchildren, Sound Structu

re

Exam ple

/ð/

th_ the. this, that, these, those, they, them, their, though, thus, therefore,

there,

_th_ father, mother, weather, either, feather, together, clothing, neither, although, another, southern, northern, clothing

_th smooth, soothe

(18)

_the breathe, clothe, teethe Sound Structur

e Exam

ple

(19)

/ f /

f_ father, festival, follow, fault, _f_ refuse, defense, adrift,

_f deaf, belief, half _ff

_

staff, off, coffee, office, different, difficult _g

h_

tough, cough, laugh, _p

h_

photograph, telephone, orphan, geography,

Exception Of/

əv

/, plough/ plau /, though /

ð əu

/, although/

ɔː

l

ð əu

/

Exam ple

/g/

g_ get, game, good, guess, gather, gallery, government, group, gift, goose, glove,

_g_ language, cigarette, wagon, hungry, together, tiger, hamburger, begin, mangrove, forgive

_g fig, hug, plug, drug, drag, _gg_ egg, foggy, beggar, jogging,

Exception No

sound:

gm_ paradigm /ˈpærədaɪm/

gn_ Sign / sain /, design/ dizain /, foreign/ f ɔːr ən /

Exam ple

/ dʒ /

ge_ gerund, germ, genius, geography, gel, gem, gender, gesture, George, general, gene,

_ge_ age, page, vegetable,

_ge message, marriage, cottage, village, language, sponge, bridge, plunge, edge,

_gi_ giant, ginger, gin, engineer, origin gy_ gymnastics, gymnast

j_ jam, javelin, jet, jelly, Jack, Jane, January, June, July, jealous, junior, jump, Jupiter,

_j_ major,

Exception colleag ue

/ˈkɒliːɡ/, jabot / ˈʒæboʊ/ , hallelujah /ˌhælɪˈluːjə/

re Exam

ple

/h/

^h_ harrow, hear, hollow, health, heat, house, hug, _wh_ who, whom, whole, whose, whoever, wholly,

Exception No sound: heir, honor, honorable, honest, hour, vehicle, rhythm, exhausted, diarrhea, herbal, herb, (âm h câm)

(20)

Exam ple

y_ young, yellow, yolk, yield, yell, year, yet, yes, yummy, yoga, yoghurt, yard,

(21)

/ j /

_y_ ^beyond

Exam ple

/k/

c_, cut, cough, caught, cauliflower, casual, carry, current _c_ declare, picture, action, document,

_cc_ occasion, accommodation, hiccup, account, _c psych i c , politic, heroic,

_ch_ character, school, scholar, scheme, psychology, psychiatrist, psychic, chemistry, chemical, Christmas, Christina, orchid, chaos,

k_ kick, kettle, kindness

_k_ sketch, skillful, skull, chicken _k Pick, chick, click

_ke strike, motorbike, hike,

_que unique, discotheque, boutique, cheque, clique, picturesque, queue, lacquer, liquor, conquer

Exception kn_ know, knowledge, knee, kneel, knelt, knot, knife, knight, knock (âm k câm)

Exam ple

/kw/

qu_ quality, qualification, quarrel, question, quantity, quick, quiet, quite, quit _qu_ squirrel, squeeze, liquid, equality, conquest,

_cqu_ acquaint, acquire, acquittal, acquiesce, acquisitive

Exam ple

/ l /

_l_ lamb, lorry, lack,

_l_ aloud, explode, delete, complete, _l usual, manual, punctual

_ll_ usually, holly, hell, compel, lullaby, cello, hello, pillow,

Exception No sound:

colonel

/ˈkɜːnl/ , calm, palm, stalk, talk, walk, half (âm l câm)

Exam ple

(22)

/m/

m_ mature, mother, miracle, memory, mess, milk, motion, mutual,

_m_ umbrella, comb, slumber, combine, timber, cucumber, remember, tomorrow, stamp, clamber,

_m Charm, alarm, storm,

_me Time, crime

_mm_ summer, immigrate, mommy, hammer, _sm/

zəm/

enthusiasm, criticism, humanism, journalism

(23)

Exception

_mb climb, thumb, limb, comb, plumber (âm b câm) _ mn autumn / t m/ˈɔː ə , column /ˈ ɑː ək l m/,hymn : bai

thanh ca), condemn: ket an, solemn (âm n câm) mnemonic /n m n k/ɪˈ ɑː ɪ : thu cộ về trí nh (âmớ m câm)

Exam ple

/n/

n_ narrow, newspaper

_n_ enrich, endanger, demonstrate, onion _n vacation, information, injection, any, green _nn_ announcement, anniversary,

_ne airline, decline, fine, shrine, mine, dine, airplane, cane, online, Exception annual /ˈænjuəl/

ple

/ ŋ

/

_an_+c, ancient, , anchorage, _an_ + k, ankle

_an_ + q banquet _an_ + x anxious,

_ang_, angle, angel, language, mango,

_ing_, Sing /siŋ, swing, linguistics, bilingual, thing, mingle, _ink_ twinkle, wrinkle, sprinkle, twinkle, sink, think, pink, _onk_,_ Monkey/ mʌŋki:/

ong_,_ tongue, among, onq_ conquer, _ung_ hungry, plunge

_unc_ function, punctual, junction, conjunction, juncture,

Exception annual/ /ˈænjuəl/, ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/,ancestor /ˈænsestər/ financial, sponge/spʌndʒ/

re Exam

ple

/p/

P_, pick, pepper, package, paper, paint, passport, peace, peacock, personal, public, punish, plumber,

_p_, impatient, newspaper, sympathetic, pipe, stupid, hope, explode, superman, _p stop, hiccup, chop

_pp_ pepper, hippo, supper, appear, apparent, apple, happy, puppy,

Exception

pn pneumonia, pneumatic, (âm p câm)

/ps Psalter, psephology, psychology, psychic, psychiatrist /saɪ

ˈkaɪətrɪst/

(24)

âm p câm

pt Pterodactyl /terəˈdæktɪl/, ptomaine/ təumein/, receipt/ risi:t /

(25)

Exam ple

/ r

/

r_ road, reality, railway, register, rocket, rude, rabbit,

_r_ increase, spree, freeze, wrong. erosion, parents, airport, depart, more, storm, sure,

port, supermarket, worse, mature, nature, learner, diarrhea, cry,

_r car, beer, four, hour/ /, order, longer, singer, far, further, teacher, seizure, pleasure

_rr_ arrange, carry, lorry, worried, arrow, narrow, arrest, arrive, borrow, correct, barrel, cherry, strawberry, embarrass, ferry, marry, merry, narrative, correct, sorrow, current

wr_ write, wrote, written, wrong, (âm w câm) Exception thawing /θɔːriŋ /

Exam ple

/ s /

_c_ ancestor, decide, decease, receive, receipt, recipe, _cc_ Access, accelerator, accept

s c _

/sk/ scar, score, sculpture, scab, scold, scull, /s/ scene, scent, science,

s_ see, sad, silent, slave, summer, social, solution _s_ ask, handsome, taste, industry, hustle, castle, fasten

_se_ release, house, conserve, blouse, goose, loose, louse, moose, _ss_ lesson, messy, blossom, missing, pussy, glossy, embassy, arrest,

_ss discuss, happiness, boss, glass, moss, mass, miss, confess _k + _s kicks, picks, clocks, chicks, checks, brakes, makes,

_f + _s chefs, _p(e) +

_s

stops, hopes, drops, helps, perhaps, claps, _ph +

_s

photographs, paragraphs, _gh +

_s

coughs, laughs,

_t +s hits, meets, regrets, puts _th + _s months

_x_ Text, experience, fix /fiks/, excuse me, Exception No sound listen/ lisn /, castle/ keisl /

aisle/ ai əl / , island/ ai lənd / , isle/ aiel / (âm s câm)

Sou nd

Structure Exam

ple âm p câm

(26)

/ ks

/

_vowel + x_

Mix, fax, box, excuse, exchange, excellent, exercise, excited

Soun

d Structu

re Exam

ple

(27)

/ʃ/

s_ sure,

_ss_ assurance, passion, confession, impression, ch_ chef, chalet, achievement,

sh_ shield, shadow, shake, shy, share, show, shock, sharp, shell, shipping,

_sh_ ashamed, ashore, cashier, cushion, punishment, establishment, fashion,

_sh flash, cash, ash, blush, push, establish, accomplish, selfish, English,

British, wish, childish, splash,

_c_ + _i_ + vowel

_cie_ ancient,

_cial beneficial, official, _cion suspicion,

_ciou s

suspicious, delicious, unconscious, Âm hữu thanh + _sion passion, mansion, dimension _t_ + _i_ +

vowel

_tial initial, confidential, partial, martial, _tiate

_

differentiate, negotiate, initiate,

_tion caution, attention, recreation, extinction, solution, invention, action,

_tious superstitious, infectious Excepti

on _x_ /k

ʃ/

Anxious/ əeŋ ʃəs/ , sexual, luxury,

Soun

d Structure Exam

ple

/z/

z_ zero, zebra, zip, zodiac, zoo, zone, _zz_ amazing, maze, prize, lazy, Brazil

_zz buzz

the + _s breathes, bathes, clothes Âm hữu thanh +

_s

cars, dreams, drums, eyes, fans, finds, hands, is, kings, plays, rides, runs, says, schools, ties, was, wears, wins, words

vowel + s + vowel choose, season, because, business, busy, desert, desire, easy, fuse, lose, music, noisy, nose, organization, pose, raise, reason, refuse, rise, these, visible, visit, resume, resort

_sm _

journalism, alcoholism, criticism, materialism, organism, socialism, symbolism, terrorism,

_ss_ scissor,

_ x _

/z/ anxiety,

/igz/ Exam, exist, exhaust, exact, example, examine o + _es /z/ Goes, does,

s/ ss + _es passes z +

_es

buzzes, ch + _es watches

x + fixes

(28)

_es

sh + _es /iz/ washes,

(29)

Excepti

on

/s/

pizza/ pi:tsə/, blouse, goose, house, loose, louse, moose,

ple

/ʒ/

_du_ procedure, education, module _g_ regime, massage, mirage vowel

+_sion

illusion, conclusion, vision, decision, fusion, _sual_ casual, usual, visual

_sure measure, pleasure, _zure Seizure, azure, Excepti

on

sure,

ensure /ɪnˈʃʊr/

Soun

d Structure Exam

ple

/t/

t_ table, technique, temperature, terminal, ticket, territory, two, turn, telephone, _t

_

volunteer, certainty, return, stick, stolen, suitcase,

_t hot, great,

_t t_

attention, attack, better, bottom, bottle, kettle, butterfly, cottage, little, pretty, button, cuttlefish, battle, glitter, utter, batter,

vowel + _te

_at e

inflate, classmate, hate, _et

e

complete, delete, _ite write, bite _ot

e

rote, wrote, remote _ut

e

minute, mute, cute, parachute, _t

h_

Thames, Thomas, thyme, Chatham, Streatham

Sou nd

Structu re

Exam ple

/tʃ/

Ch_ children, charm, chamber, cheating, chariot, chicken, choose, _ch_ orchard, mischievous, achievement,

_ch attach, hatch, fetch, teach, approach, coach, catch, _tu_ actual, mutual, spiritual, eventually,

_ture_ future, creature, capture, culture, departure, furniture, gesture, lecture, manufacture, mixture, picture, sculpture, structure, texture, venture, vulture, juncture,

(30)

Exception /t/ mature Sou

nd

Structu re

Exam ple

/θ/

th_ thick, thorough, theme, thumb, think, thought, thigh, thanks, thirsty, thousand, three, Thursday,

_th_ author, authentic, birthday, nothing, everything, something, _th wreath, breath, cloth, teeth, birth,

Exception No

sound

Asthma/ əezmə /, isthmus/ isməs /

(31)

Exam ple

/ju/

eu_/

_eau_

Europe, European, eureka, Eugene, eucalyptus, beauty/ bjuti:/

u_ usually, use, unique, united, unicorn, union, _uge huge, refuge,

_use amuse/əmjuz/, abuse, reuse, _ute mute, cute,

_ew_ mew, news,

re Exam

ple

/v/

v_ vary, vase, virus, vacation, veil, venture

_v_ avoid, adventure, aviator, navy, divide, devil, marvelous, heavy, even, salvation,

oval,

vowel + _ve

_ave slave, save, shave, behave, have, cave, _eve sleeve, Steve, evening,

_ive live, dive, forgive, driver

_ove remove, love, over, glove, clover, movement, drove, over, _ph_ Stephen = Steven ,

_f_ Of / əv/

Exam ple

/w/

w_ way, win, wing, want, way, worry, willing, wagon, widow, welcome, wear, weird, wait, wonder, Wednesday, witch, watch,

_w_ award, awake, awareness, swan, swim,

wh_ wheat, whale, while, whenever, what, where, why, _wh_ overwhelm, awhile,

Exception No

sound:

_wr

_ wrap/rəep/, wreak/ri:k/, wreath/reθ/ , wreck/rek/, write,

two/tu:/, answer/ əensə/, (âm w câm)

II. STRESS SYLLABLE

Qui tắc đánh trọng âm

N0 Từ loại/ qui

tắc Số âm

tiết Trọng âm Exam

ple

1 Verb

prep

2 2 Relax, begin

Among, between, against, aside

2 Noun

adjective

2 1 Action, teacher

Happy, rainy

(32)

3 Noun + verb 2 1 (noun) 2 (verb)

Present, Import Present , Import 4 Động từ ghép

Compound verb

2-3 Từ thứ 2 Overcome

overflow

5 Danh từ ghép 2-3 Từ thứ 1 Raincoat, outcome (kết quả)

(33)

snowstorm 6 Tính từ ghép 2-3 Âm 1 của từ thứ 2 Bad-tempered

Short-sighted

7

_cial

trước nó

Crucial, beneficial, special, artificial

_ety Society

_ible Accessible, impossible, irresistible,

_ic/ _ics Economic, economics, politics

_ish foolish

_ical magical

_ically Enthusiastically, sympathetically

_ial initial, confidential,

_id splendid

_ious Insidious

_eous courteous

_uous continuous

_iar Familiar

_ian Musician, librarian, politician

_iasm Enthusiasm,

_ier Plier

_ity Celebrity, quantity, personality, nationality,

ability

_itive Competitive, sensitive

_ion suspicion

_ior Interior, superior,

_ium Ammonium, plutonium, sodium

_sion Decision, television, impression

_tion Attraction, protection, condition, nation

_ience Convenience, experience

_iency Deficiency, proficiency,

_ient Convenient, patient

_logy Psychology, biology,

_sophy philosophy

_graphy Geography, photography

_ular Curricular, peninsular

_ulum Curriculum

_uous Continuous,

8

_cur

Trên chính hậu tố

occur

_ee Degree, employee.

Exception: coffee, committee

_eer Engineer, pioneer

_ese Vietnamese

_ever Whenever

_vert convert

_oo Kangaroo, shampoo

_oon Balloon, afternoon

_sist Insist, consist, assist, resist

(34)

_ique Unique, boutique, antique, applique _isque

_esque Picturesque, discotheque,

_ette Cigarette,

_ain Maintain, obtain, again, explain, contain, remain

_ade lemonade

_aire Billionaire, questionnaire

_self Himself, myself

_tain Obtain, attain, entertain

_tract Contract, subtract, extract

_test Protest

_vent prevent

_mental Fundamental, environmental

9

_age

3-4 3 từ cuối lên

Average, coverage, camouflage

_ate complicate

_ary/_ory binary, voluntary, dictionary , necessary,

military

_cy democracy, literacy, emergency, frequency,

fluency, pharmacy

_gy Technology, biology, psychology

_ty certainty, quantity, quality,

_phy Geography, photography

1

0 _how

1

Somehow

_what Somewhat

_where Somewhere , everywhere, anywhere

1

1 _er 2 1 Teacher, flower, father, suffer, offer

Exception:

_or Liquor, tutor

1

2 _ever 2 Chính nó However, whatever

1

3 a_ 2 2 About, again, abuse, alone, asleep

1

4 _ow 1 Follow, borrow

1

5 _teen (number) _teen Eighteen,

1

6 _ty (number) 1 Seventy, twenty,

N0 Hậu tố Gốc

từ Trọng

âm Từ thêm hậu tố

1 _ful beauty

Trọng âm khi thêm hậu tố giống như trọng âm

Beautiful

2 _less thougth thoughtless

3 _able ẹnjoy ẹnjoyable

4 _al tradition Traditional

5 _ous danger Dangerous

6 _ly direct Directly

7 _er work Worker

(35)

trên gốc từ

8 _or conquer Conqueror

9 _ant account Accountant

1

0 _ing begin Beginning

(36)

1

1 _ive attract Attractive

1

2 _ise,_ize memory Memorize

1

3 _en wide Widen

1 4

_ment employ Employment

1

5 _ness happy Happiness

1

6 _ship friend Friendship

1

7 _hood neighbor neighborhood

N0 Tiền tố Gốc

từ Trọng âm Từ thêm hậu tố

1 En_ danger endanger

2 Dis_ appear

advantage

Trọng âm khi

thêm

disappear disadvantage

3 Im_ perfect /ɪmˈpɜː.felt/,

patient

tiền tố giống

như

imperf ect impati ent

trọng âm trên gốc từ

4 In_ correct incorrect

5 Ir_ regular irregular

6 Re_ call recall

7 Un_ important unimportant

believe unbelievable

8 Non_ toxic non-toxic

9 Over_ crowded overcrowded

estimate overestimate

1

0 Under_ estimate underestimate

III. SPEAKING & COMMUNICATION

TÌNH HUỐNG ĐƯA RA CÂU TRẢ LỜI CẦN ĐÁP LẠI

(37)

Lời cảm ơn (Thanks )

Thanks Many thanks Thanks a lot

Thanks very much for

It was so nice/kind/good of you to do sth

I am thankful/grateful to you for …

You are welcome.

Not at all. don’t mention it.

(ko có gì, dừng bận tâm)

-(It’s) My pleasure! (vinh dự của tui) (đều dịch là: Không có gì).

I am glad you like it; I am glad you enjoyed it.

It was the least I could do for you (Ít nhất thì đó là cái tôi có thể làm cho bạn)

I’m glad I could help (tôi mừng vì có thể giúp bạn) Sorry/my bad

My mistake/my apologies

Never mind. (hông có sao đâu) -Don’t worry. (đừng lo) Lời xin

lỗi (Apolog y)

It’s my fault I’m sorry/ I apologize I had that wrong

I was wrong on that I’d like to apologize I want to apologize

I owe you an apology I wanted to tell you I’m sorry That was wrong of me

-It’s alright. (tôi ổn mà)

(đều dịch là: Không sao đâu/ Đừng lo) It doesn’t matter (ko thành vấn đề) Forget it (quên đi)

No problem That’s alright

(Quên nó đi/ ko sao đâu/ đừng bận tâm/

ổn mà)

Ok it’s not your fault (ko phải lỗi của bạn)

Rủ rê (Suggestion)

Shall we …..?

Why don’t we/

you…? How about…?

Let’s ….

Great! I’d love to.

That would be great!

Lời mời

(Offer/ Invitation)

Would you like sth?

Would you like to do sth? Do you feel like doing s.th?

It is very nice/ kind of you. (Bạn thật tử tế)

No thanks (thôi khỏi cám ơn) Thanks/ Thank you, but I ……..

Yes. Thank you/ Yes, please. That’s very kind of you

That would be nice (of you to invite me) That would be lovely (bạn thật tử tế)

Oh, would you really? Thanks a lot (ồ thật ư? Cám ơn nha)

Lời đề nghị giúp đỡ (offering for help) Mình giúp ng ta

Do you need a hand? May I help you?

Would you like me + to do sth? Shall/may I do sth for

…?

Thank you/ Thanks.

It is very nice/ kind of you. (Bạn thật tử tế)

No thanks (thôi khỏi cám ơn) Thanks/ Thank you, but I ……..

Yes. Thank you/ Yes, please.

That’s very kind of you/ that would be nice/ that would be lovely (bạn thật tử tế)

Oh, would you really? Thanks a lot (ồ thật ư? Cám ơn nha)

It’s OK . I can do it myself

Don’t worry, I’ll do it myself (à ko sao. Tui tự làm dc)

-Yes, with please.

-Yes, sure.

(38)

Lời yêu cầu giúp đỡ (Asking for help) Ng ta giúp mình

Do you mind …?

Would you mind…?

Can you…?

Could you…?

Will you…?

I wonder if you would/could …

-Why not?

-certainly/absolutely/sure chắc chắn rồi No problem

No, I don’t mind (ko, to ko phien) No, of course not/not at all

(ko thành vấn đề/ ko có gì, tôi ko phiền đâu/ ồ ko dĩ nhiên rồi, ko sao đâu)

I’m sorry/ afraid (that) I can’t,couldn’t

Tôi xin lỗi/ tôi e rằng tôi ko thể…)

Lời khen (Compliment)

How+ adj+S+ to be! What+(a/an) +adj+N!

-It's/ That’s very nice/kind of you to say that/ say so. (Bạn thật tử tế khi nói vậy)

-It’s a nice compliment. (cám ơn vì lời khen)

Do you really think that? / Really?

(bạn thực sự nghĩ vậy à?)

You must be kidding! (bạn đùa à)

Lời nhận xét ý kiến/

quan điểm riêng về … (Comment)

I can’t/couldn’t agree (with you) more.

(Tao hoàn toàn đồng ý với mày) -There’s no doubt about it. (Chắc chắn rồi)

-You can say that again. (Đúng rồi đấy)

*Có 1 kiểu đáp lại là:

YOU DON’T SAY = “Thật à ?”

hoặc: “Mày không cần nói/ Ai cũng biết rồi”.

>< Tuy nhiên kiểu này có vẻ nước đôi và hơi bất lịch sự nên chắc thi ko cho đâu:))

IV. CLOSEST & OPPOSITE MEANING

Bước 1 : Cần đọc kỹ đề bài xem bài. Xem yêu cầu là tìm từ đồng nghĩa hay trái nghĩa!

Bước 2 : Sau khi đọc xong các bạn cần xác định trong câu này, từ được gạch chân mang nét nghĩa gì trong ngữ cảnh câu đó , chứ không thuần túy là đồng nghĩa với từ đó!

Có 2 trường hợp xảy ra:

TH1: Thứ nhất, từ gạch chân quen thuộc và bạn có thể đoán nghĩa , nhưng đáp án lại có nhiều hơn 2 từ mà bạn không hề biết.

TH2: Thứ hai, từ gạch chân lạ bạn chưa gặp bao giờ ; tuy nhiên đáp án lại có những từ thông dụng bạn đã biết . Bạn không cần quan tâm là có bao nhiêu từ là, việc chúng ta cần làm là xác định nét nghĩa cần tìm.

Bước 3 : Tiếp đến ta xét các từ đã biết nghĩa trước

Loại trừ các đáp án đồng nghĩa nếu đề yêu cầu trái nghĩa (và ngược lại)

(39)

Loại trừ các đáp án có mặt chữ gần giống với từ gạch chân. Bởi vì phần lớn các từ đồng nghĩa hoặc trái nghĩa thường không có mặt chữ giống nhau.

Học sinh cũng cần nhớ rằng câu dài không có nghĩa là câu khó. Ngược lại một điều dễ thấy là ngoại trừ từ được <