UNIT 2: CITY LIFE
A closer look 2
I. Vocabulary:
- skyscraper (n) tòa nhà chọc trời /ˈskaīˌskreipə/
- put something on (phr v) đặt cược vào
- turn (something/someone) down (phr v) từ chối cái gì/ ai đó - set up (phr v) mở cửa
- get over (phr v) vượt qua - pull down (phr v) phá bỏ - go over (phr v) kiểm tra
- put (something) down (phr v) ghi chú - apply for (phr v) xin việc
- dress up (phr v) hóa trang, mặc/diện quần áo
II. GRAMMAR: Comparison of adjectives and adverbs: review (Ôn tập về so sánh của tính từ và trạng từ)
1. Equal comparison: So sánh ngang bằng
- Là so sánh thứ/ vật/ người có tính chất tương đương nhau, bằng nhau.
a. Adj: (tính từ) S + (is/are/am) + as + adj + as + N/pronoun b. Adv: (trạng từ) S + V(s/es) ... + as + adv + as + N/pronoun
Ex: He drives as carefully as my sister.
Ex: He is as careful as his sister. / I am as tall as her.
2. Comparative: So sánh hơn
a. Adj: (S.adj) (tính từ ngắn): S + is/are/am + adj-er + than + N/pronoun
Ex: Lan is more careful than Hoa.
- Là so sánh: người này hơn người kia, vật này hơn vật kia, thứ này hơn thứ kia.
(L.adj) (tính từ dài): S + is/are/am + more + adj + than + N/pronoun Ex: Lan is taller than Hoa.
3. Superlative: So sánh bậc nhất
- Là so sánh một người, một vật, một thứ với một tổng thể, một tập thể:
trong đó người/ vật/ thứ đó phải có tính nổi trội nhất, hơn nhất
a1. Tính từ ngắn: S + is/ are/am + the + adj-est + N/pronoun
a2. Trạng từ ngắn: S + V(s/es) + the + adv-est + N/pronoun
Ex: He is the tallest in his class./ Thao is the nicest girl of all.
Ex: Tom works the hardest of all. / She runs the fastest in her group.
b2. Trạng từ dài: S + V(s/es) + the most + adv + N/pronoun
b1. Tính từ dài: S + is/ are/am + the + most + adj + N/pronoun
Ex: He is the most intelligent in his class./ Thao is the most careful girl of all.
Ex: Tom works the most carefully of all. / She runs the most quickly in her group.
* Lưu ý:
+ Tính từ có hai âm tiết nhưng kết thúc bằng –y, –le,–ow, –er, và –et thuộc tính từ ngắn
+ Một số tính từ hai âm tiết có thể vừa được coi là tính từ ngắn, vừa là tính từ dài.
Ví dụ: happy (vui vẻ, hạnh phúc), gentle (rộng lượng), narrow(chật, hẹp), clever (thông minh, khéo léo), quiet (yên tĩnh)
Ví dụ:
clever (thông minh), common (phổ biến), cruel (độc ác, tàn nhẫn),
friendly (thân thiện), gentle (hiền lành), narrow (hẹp), pleasant (dễ chịu),
polite (lịch sự), quiet (yên lặng), simple (đơn giản)
* Exceptions (Trường hợp ngoại lệ):
Irregular Adj/ adv Comparative Form Superlative Form
Good/ well better the best
Bad / badly worse the worst
far farther/ further the farthest/ the furthest
little less the least
many/much more the most
few fewer the fewest
happy happier the happiest
lazy lazier laziest
clever cleverer the cleverest
narrow narrower the narrowest
1. Match the beginnings to the correct endings.
A B
1. It’s not as a. faster than ever.
2. That skyscraper is one b. to spell better.
3. The exam was c. than being stuck in a traffic jam.
4. Life in the past was d. of the tallest buildings in the world.
5. Mexico City is a lot e. more difficult than I expected.
6. Kids are growing up f. simple as it looks!
7. Nothing is worse g. bigger than Rome.
8. These fun cards will encourage kids h. less comfortable than it is now.
The Present Perfect
(+) I have been to Nha Trang twice.
(- ) He hasn’t been to Nha Trang.
He has never been to Nha Trang.
(?) Have you ever been to Nha Trang?
Remember! Nhớ!
-You can use much, a lot, a bit and a little with the comparative forms of adjectives to show how big the differences are.
(Bạn có thể sử dụng nhiều, rất nhiều, một chút và một chút ít với các dạng so sánh của tính từ để chỉ ra sự khác biệt lớn như thế nào.)
Example: A DVD is much better than a video for watching films.
(Một đĩa DVD tốt hơn nhiều so với một video để xem phim.)
- With the superlative forms of the adjectives you can use second, third, etc. (Với các dạng so sánh nhất của tính từ, bạn có thể sử dụng thứ hai, thứ ba, v.v.)
Example: Karachi in Pakistan is the second largest city in the world in population.
(Karachi ở Pakistan là thành phố lớn thứ hai trên thế giới về dân số.)
- You can use by far to emphasise superlatives.(Bạn có thể sử dụng từ xa/ cho đến nay để nhấn mạnh so sánh nhất.)
Example:
China is by far the most populated country in the world.
(Trung Quốc cho đến nay là quốc gia đông dân nhất trên thế giới.)
2. Complete the text with the most suitable form of the adjectives in brackets. Add the where
necessary.
London is one of (1. large) ___________ cities in the world.
Its population is a lot (2. small) ___________ than Tokyo or
Shanghai, but it is by far (3. popular) _______________ tourist destination.
London is probably most famous for its museums, galleries, palaces, and other sights, but it also includes a (4. wide) _______range of peoples, cultures, and religions than many other places.
People used to say that it was (5. dirty) ___________ city too, but it is now much (6. clean) ________than it was.
To the surprise of many people, it now has some of (7. good) ________
restaurants in Europe too. For some people, this makes London (8. exciting) __________ city in Europe.
the largest smaller
the most popular wider
the dirtiest cleaner
the best
the most exciting
Phrasal verbs
Review: Match the phrasal verbs in A with their meaning in B.
A B
1. pass down a. stop doing business
2. live on b. have a friendly relationship with somebody 3. deal with c. transfer from one generation to the next
4. close down d. reject or refuse something 5. face up to e. return
6. get on with f. take action to solve a problem 7. come back g. have enough money to live
8. turn down h. accept, deal with
4. Underline the correct particle to complete each phrasal verb.
1. The city has recently set up/off/out a library in the West Suburb.
2. I don't think Fred gets over/through/on with Daniel. They always argue.
3. You should take your hat in/over/off in the cinema.
4. Their children have all grown up/out/out of and left home for the city to work.
5. We were shown up/off/around the town by a volunteer student.
6. The town council decided to pull up/over/down the building, as
it was unsafe.
The Present Perfect
(+) I have been to Nha Trang twice.
(- ) He hasn’t been to Nha Trang.
He has never been to Nha Trang.
(?) Have you ever been to Nha Trang?
Remember!
In addition to learning the meanings of phrasal verbs, we need to know whether the verb and the particle(s) have to stay together or they can be separated. (Ngoài việc tìm hiểu ý nghĩa của các cụm động từ, chúng ta cần biết liệu động từ và (các) tiểu từ phải ở cùng nhau hay chúng có thể tách rời nhau.)
- In these phrasal verbs, the parts can never be separated: set off, look forward to, put up with… (Trong các cụm động từ này, không bao giờ có thể tách rời các phần:
bắt đầu, mong đợi, đưa lên với…)
- In these phrasal verbs, the parts can be separated: the object of the verb can come between the verb and the particle: put something on, turn something/somebody down… (Trong các cụm động từ này, các bộ phận có thể được tách ra: đối tượng của động từ có thể nằm giữa động từ và tiểu từ: đặt một cái gì đó lên, đặt/đưa một cái gì đó / ai đó xuống…)
3. Look at the conversation in GETTING STARTED
again. Find and underline the phrasal verbs.
5. Underline the phrasal verbs in the sentences, and match them to their meaning
1. You don't need the light on in here. Turn it off, please.
2. They offered him a place at the company but he turned it down.
3. The doctor wanted to go over the test results with her patient.
4. Once you've finished cleaning, you can go on with your work.
5. When you come inside you should take off your coat and hat.
6. The local meeting is on Oct. 15
th. Put it down in your diary.
remove examine press the switch
refuse make a note continue doing
= press the switch
= refuse
= examine
continue doing
= remove
= make a note
6. Read the text and find eight phrasal verbs. Match each of them with a definition from the box.
For her first evening's work at the bar, Sarah dressed up. She wore a black skirt and white blouse, as she had been told to look smart. However, when she turned up, she found out that the manager had been less than honest with her about the job. She had to serve the customers and also work in the kitchen. Still, she decided to go on working at the bar for the time being. After all, she was getting on well in the job. Three months later, she saw an advertisement in the paper for a sales assistant at a department store. She thought it over carefully, and decided to apply for it. 'But I won't tell anyone until I've got the new job!' she thought. The prospect of doing something different cheered her up considerably.
consider ask for (a job) arrive put on smart clothes
discover make progress continue make someone feel happier
1. dress up = put on smart clothes 2. turn up = arrive
3. find out = discover 4. go on =continue
5. get on = make progress 6. think over = consider
7. apply for = ask for (a job)
8. cheer up = make someone feel happier
HOMEWORK
- Review comparison of adj and adv.
- Redo act 5,6 in your notebook.
- Prepare Unit 2: Lesson 4: Skills 1+ 2.
1. My salary is ...his salary.
A. high B. more high C. higher than D. more higher than 2. He works ...we do.
A. harder B. as hard as C. more harder D. so hard as 3. No one in this class is ...Jimmy.
A. so tall as B. tall than C. the tallest D. more tall than 4. Apples are usually ...oranges.
A. cheap than B. more cheap C. the cheapest D. cheaper than 5. I know him ...than you do.
A. better B. more well C. good D. the best
6. Marie is not ...intelligent...her sister.
A. more/as B. so/so C. so/as D. the/of 7. Janet is ...tennis player in the club.
A. good B. best C. well D. the best 8. I ran ... than Tom.
A. more fast B. faster C. fast D. the fastest 9. She can speak English ...I can.
A. more well B. best than C. better than D. better
10. Ann is 18 years old. Sue is 20 years old. Ann is ...Sue A. older than B. younger than C. older D. younger
11. Nobody can cook as ...as my mother.
A. well B. best C. good D. better
