REPORTED SPEECH WITH INFINITIVES
1. advise + O + to V1: khuyên ai làm gì 2. invite + O + to V1 : mời ai làm gì
3. remind + O + toV1: nhắc nhở ai làm gì (bỏ remember/ don’t forget) 4. ask/ tell + O + to V1 : yêu cầu ai làm gì
5. promise to V1 : hứa làm gì 6. agree + to V1 : đồng ý làm gì
7. refuse + to V1 : từ chối làm gì (KHÔNG DÙNG NOT) 8. encourage + O + to V1: khuyến khích ai làm gì
9. allow + O + to V1: cho phép ai làm gì 10. warn + O + (not) + to V1: cảnh báo ai
Ex:
1. Mary said to Peter, “If I were you, I wouldn’t accept this job.”
Mary advised Peter not to accept that job.
2. “Don’t forget to buy some fruits on the way home, Nam” said Minh.
Minh reminded Nam to buy some fruits on the way home.
3. The man said, “I won’t work on Sundays.”
The man refused to work on Sundays.
CÁCH ĐỔI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
Ngôi Subject Object Possessive Reflexive Pronoun Adjective Pronoun
1 I
We
me us
my our
mine ours
myself ourselves
2 You you your yours yourself/
yourselves
3
He She
It They
him her it them
his her its their
his hers
its theirs
himself herself
itself themselves
Bước 1: Đổi đại từ trong dấu ngoặc kép sao cho phù hợp với S1 (người nói) và O1 (người nghe)
- Ngôi 1 ( I/me/my ) đổi theo S1; we/us/our cũng đổi theo S1 khi S1 là số nhiều - Ngôi 2 ( you/your ) đổi theo O1
- Ngôi 3 (he/him/his; she/her; it/its; they/them/their) không đổi Bước 2: Lùi thì của động từ
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì Quá Khứ Đơn (said, told, asked), ta lùi thì theo bảng sau:
Direct speech Reported speech
- V1(s/es)
Tom said, “I never eat meat.”
- don’t/ doesn’t + V1
- V2/ed
Tom said he never ate meat.
- didn’t + V1 - am/is/are (not) + V-ing
He said, “I’m waiting for Ann.”
- was/were (not) + Ving
He said he was waiting for Ann.
- has/ have (not) + V3/ed
She said, “I’ve seen that film.”
- had (not) + V3/ed
She said she had seen that film.
- V2/ed
They said, “We came by car.”
- didn’t + V1
- had + V3/ed
They said they had come by car.
- hadn’t + V3/ed - was/were (not) + V-ing
He said, “I was sitting in the park at 8.”
- had (not) + been + V-ing
He said he had been sitting in the park at 8.
- will/shall (not) + V1
Judy said,”I’ll phone you.”
- would (not)+ V1
Judy said she would phone me.
- Modal verbs + Can
+ May + Must
- Modal verbs in the past + Could
+ Might
+ Must / Had to
NOTES: Ta không đổi thì trong mệnh đề tường thuật nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại (say(s)/ tell(s)/ ask(s)) và trong các trường hợp sau:
1. Trong câu nói trực tiếp có thời gian xác định rõ Eg: He said, “I was born in 1980”
=> He said that he was born in 1980.
2. Lời nói gián tiếp diễn tả một chân lý:
Eg: My teacher said “The sun rises in the East”
=> My teacher said that the sun rises in the East.
3. Lời nói gián tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 2 hoặc loại 3
Eg: Mary said, “If I won the lottery ticket, I would travel around the world.”
=> Mary said if she won the lottery ticket, she would travel around the world.
4. Trong câu trực tiếp có : would, could, should, might, ought to Eg: Tom said, “ You’d better not contact to them, Mai.”
=> Tom told Mai she’d better not to contact to them.
Bước 3: Đổi các Trạng Từ khi gặp các Trạng Từ dưới đây Direct speech Reported speech
- this - these - here - today - tonight - now - tomorrow - next (week) - yesterday - last (week) - (three days) ago
- that - those - there - that day - that night - then
- the next day / the following day/ the day after
- the next (week) / the following (week) / the (week) after - the day before / the previous day
- the (week) before / the previous (week) - (three days) before
