UNIT 8: A NEW WAY TO LEARN Collected by Ms Hoang Anh
1. Vocabulary
tablet (n): máy tính bảng device(n): thiết bị calculation(n): phép tính download (v): tải
digital (adj): kĩ thuật số
touch screen (n): màn hình cảm ứng distract (v): làm mất tập trung instruction (n): (sự) hướng dần effective (adj): hiệu quả
voice recognition(n): sự nhận dạng giọng nói portable (adj): di động
application (n): ứng dụng = app accent (n): giọng
recorder (n): máyghi âm enjoyable (adj): thích thú submit (v): nộp
horrible (adj): kinh khủng handwriting (n): chữ viết fingertip (n): đầu ngón tay
triple (adj/v): có ba cái/gấp ba inappropriate (adj): không phù hợp concentrate (v): tập trung
disruptive (adj): gây gián đoạn annoying (adj): làm phiền radiation (n): phóng xạ permanent (adj): lâu dài benefit (v): được lợi promote(v): thúc đẩy
Critical thinking (n-phr): tư duy phản biện material (n): tài liệu
personal (adj): thuộc cá nhân instantly (adv): ngay lập tức take note (v-phr): ghi chú
take advantage (v-phr): khai thác, tận dụng look up (v-phr): tra cứu
performance (n): thành tích electronic (adj): thuộc điện tử
2. Grammar
RELATIVE CLAUSE I. Definition :
- Relative clause is a subordinate clause in complex sentence . It has the grammartical role as an adjective . It modifies the meaning for the preceding noun or pronoun .It is connected with main clause by relative pronouns or relative adverbs.(Mệnh đề quan hệ là một mệnh đề phụ trong câu phức. Nó có chức năng ngữ pháp như một tính từ. Nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ hay đại từ đứng trước nó . Nó được kết nối với mệnh đề chính bằng các đại từ quan hệ hay trạng từ quan hệ)
- There are two kinds of relative clause : restrictive relative clause (defining relative clause) and non-restrictive relative clause (non-defining relative clause) .( Có hai loại mệnh đề quan hệ: mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn (xác định) và mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn (không xác định)
II. Relative pronouns : 1. Who:
Được dùng để thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ người và có thể dùng làm chủ từ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đệ quan hệ ( chú ý không được dùng Who sau giới từ )
Eg1: The tourist who speaks English wants to have a guide to help him . S
Eg2: The young man who was released after the court was found innocent of all the charges against him.
S
Eg3: His mother, who my mother is talking to, is a nurse O
Eg4: His father, to who my mother is talking , is a doctor
Sai to whom (không được dùng Who sau giới từ) 2. Whom:
Được dùng để thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ người và có thể dùng làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đệ quan hệ ( chú ý không dùng Whom khi đại từ quan hệ dùng làm chủ từ )
Eg1: The girl from whom I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully.
O
Eg2: The boy with whom I have talked is very successful student.
O 3. Which :
Được dùng để thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ con vật , đồ vật và có thể dùng làm chủ từ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đệ quan hệ .
Eg1: The composition which was written by Jane was really interesting.
S
Eg2: Fleming’s discovery of penicillin, which was awarded the Nobel Prize, had a major influence on the lives of
people in the 20th century. S
Eg3: The song to which you are listening is a classical song . O
4. Whose :
Được dùng để thay thế cho một tính từ sở hữu trước một danh từ.(Thay thế cho sự sở hữu của người và vật ) Chủ sở hữu + whose + danh từ
Eg1: The table whose face was broken has just been repaired .
Eg2: Hemingway, whose name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style.
Eg3: The students whose tests are under five must attend the second test . 5. That :
Được dùng để thay thế cho Who , Whom ,Which và có thể dùng làm chủ từ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đệ quan hệ.
a. Bắt buộc dùng THAT :
a1: Sau một tiền trí từ hỗn hợp gồm có cả người và vật .
Eg1: The robber and his motorbike that caused the last robbery were arrested last Sunday in the neighborhood . Eg2: The man and his drugs that occur more often in the discothesque have been arrested by police .
a2: Sau danh từ có cấp so sánh nhất đứng trước (nên dùng)
Eg1: The most beautiful girl that won the crown in the last Miss Universe is Miss venezuela.
Eg2: The longest street that is being resurfaced is tran Hung Dao street . a3. THAT được dùng sau đại từ bất định (Nên dùng)
Eg1: Anybody that finishes the test early can leave the room .
Eg2: All that went to school late today must write 100 times the sentence “ I must go to school on time”
b. Không được dùng THAT b1: Sau giới từ
The woman to that my mother is talking is my aunt . Sai to whom b2: Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
John Montagu, that invented the sandwich, was an English Earl. Sai who III . Mệnh đề không giới hạn( non-restrictive clause)
Là mệnh đề mà nếu ta tách nó ra khỏi mệnh đề chính thì mệnh đề chính vẫn giữ nguyên ý nghĩa .Nó chỉ bổ sung thêm ý nghĩa cho mệnh đề chính mà thôi và nó đứng cách mệnh đề chính bởi dấu phảy .
( Mệnh đề đứng sau tiền ngữ có đặc điểm: là tên riêng ( Mr. Long, Mary), có tính từ sở hữu( my, our, your, Lan’s), có các từ xác định ( this, that, these, those).
Eg : My mother,who you met last night , is a nurse . - This bike,which I bought last week,is very expensive . IV. Relative clause sau giới từ :
Ta có thể đưa giới từ lên trước đại từ quan hệ whom và which
Eg1: That’s the man whom I was talking about. That’s the man about whom I was talking.
Eg 2: The song which we are listening to is very interesting . The song to which we are listening is very interesting .
V. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ :
1. Ta có thể dùng Present Participle ( V-ing ) rút gọn cho mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa chủ động và Past Participle (P.P) cho mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa bị động.
Eg1: I like the story which is written by Nguyen Du.
I like the story written by Nguyen Du.
Eg2: The boy who is standing overthere is our new classmate
The boy standing overthere is our new classmate
2. Ta cũng có thể rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sau the first , the last , the next ,the only bằng cách dùng To infinitive
Eg1: She was the first person who came to my wedding last week .
She was the first person to come to my wedding last week.
Eg2: Nam was the last student who went out of the class yesterday .
Nam was the last (student) to go out of the class yesterday Eg3: Miss Linda was the only candidate who won the last round.
Miss Linda was the only to win the last round.
Note : Nếu bị động thì dùng to be +P.P. Eg: He was the last prisoner to be killed by firing.
3. Pronunciation
Stress in three-syllable adjectives and verbs: trọng âm trong tính từ và động từ 3 âm tiết + Với động từ 3 âmtiết:
- Hầu hết các động từ ghép có trọng âm rơi vào phần thứ hai.
Track 31: Listen and repeat
stand —>unders'tand , line —>under'line , take —>under'take , bid —>under'bid , cook —>under'cook act —>inte'ract
- Các tiền tố (en, dis) không làm thay đổi trọng âm. (Trọng ân không rơi vào tiền tố) Track 32: Listen and repeat
'lighten —> en'lighten
- Cáchậu tố (-ing, -fill, -ous) không làm thay đổi trọng âm.
Track 33: Listen and repeat
a'nnoy —>a'nnoyingsu'ccess —>su'ccessful 'meaning —> 'meaningful 'colour —> 'colourful 'poison —> 'poisonous danger —> 'dangerous
PART II. PRACTICE
1. Listen, repeat and choose the word you hear with a different stress pattern from the others. (Track 34) 1. A. undertake B. interact C. disappear D. enlighten
2. A. encourage B. remember C. successful D. colorful 3. A. dangerous B. enable C. surprising D. depressing 4. A. underline B. disappoint C. poisonous D. undercook 5. A. annoying B. meaningful C. unequal D. repeating 2. Complete the sentences by using relative pronouns (who/that/which/whose).
1.You should find a neighbor ________ you home while you are away.
2.Do you remember the presenter ________ conversation with last month?
3.You can purchase or download the software ________ can help you to record your voice.
4. It is sensible for students to choose the channels ________ benefit both their learning and relaxing. 5.They donated some sacks of rice to the people ________ houses were destroyed by the typhoon last week.
6.My cousin, ________ lives nearby, often looks after my flat.
7.That’s David,________ father is an expert in behavioral psychology.
8. I have applied to Harvard University, ________ is the most prestigious university in the world.
9.Great Britain, ________ is one of the most powerful countries in the world, has a standard educational system.
10.I work with friendly and helpful colleagues, ________ is a great source of happiness for me.
5. Complete the following sentences.
1.An e-book is an electronic book which ………...
2.Tom Cruise, who is an actor, is ………
3.Barack Obama, who ……….., is dedicated with his mission.
4.A successful man is ………
5.A president is a ……….
6. Find and correct mistakes in the following sentences.
1.My English teacher, who lectures are interesting, is humorous.
2.He is the farmer which I told you about.
3.This is the bridge who was built by a famous king 1000 years ago.
4.The cacao tree, that grows in equatorial regions, produces a fruit about the size of a small pineapple.
5.He has a lot of friends from English speaking countries, who is a great help for him to learn English.
PART III: TEST YOURSELF
1. Gap - filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences.
advantage enjoyable concentrate disruptive radiation submit screen downloaded distract look 1. A tablet can be used to take notes with a digital pen on a touch _______.
2.A computer or laptop can be your powerful weapon and you can take _______ of the Internet to support your study.
3.Personal electronic devices which _______ students from their class work are banned in most schools.
4.Depending on learners’ preference and convenience, they can ______ up new words in an electronic dictionary or printed version.
5.Digital lessons are available in a variety of web pages and they can be freely _______ and stored in your computers.
6.Since the appearance of electronic devices, lessons have become more and more ______.
7. Many of the students prefer to _______ their assignment papers to their lecturers online via e-mail or even Facebook.
8.If your smart phone rings while you are learning or working, you cannot ________ on your study or work.
9.In this situation when you are annoyed and interfered with your device, it becomes ________.
10. The ______ from electronics might harm your brain and cause permanent impact.
2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right.
1. download a. to take somebody’s attention away from what they are trying to do 2. distract b. to get data from another computer, usually using the internet 3. inappropriate c. to help something to happen or develop
4. permanent d. lasting for a long time or for all time in the future 5. promote e. not suitable or appropriate in a particular situation
3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1.One of the functions of computer, which only some people know, is to do _____. (calculate) 2.Voice ______ is the app which helps some types of smart phone attracts customers. (recognize) 3.She had a ________ influence on the rest of the class, as her phone rang suddenly. (disrupt) 4.Accessing to _______ information harms your mental health. (appropriate)
5.Some people support the view that _______ electronic devices may bring more harm than good to students.
(person)
6.An Iphone 7 plus is said to offer a lot of useful _______ for learning and entertaining. (apply)
7. Nowadays, _________ between people around the world is becoming much more convenient thanks to the aid of modem technology. (communicate)
8.She was _______ with her son because he over used the Internet and did not concentrate on his study.
(appoint)
9.In order to make language learning more _______ you must choose a device which is suitable for your learning style. (effect)
10. Your ________ which affects your speaking achievement, can be improved by taking advantage of some types of software. (pronounce)
4. Choose the best answer.
1.People at the conference agreed that they used smart phones mostly for communication. The underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. shortly B. likely C. mainly D. manly
2.Mary: “What do you think could be the negative effect of overusing computers?” - Peter: “____”
A.I think it is negative. B. It might be bad for your eyes and harmful to your brain.
C. It may not be effect. D. You should not use computers.
3.Bill Gate, _______ is the owner of Microsoft Corporation, donates nearly all of his money to charity.
A.who B. that C. which D. whose
4.This is the picture they intend to buy.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
5.“He wants to see the stamps. We have collected them recently.” has the closest meaning to:
A. He wants to see the stamps which we have collected them recently.
B. He wants to see the stamps we have collected recently.
C. He wants to see the stamps that we have collected them recently.
D. He wants to see the stamps who we have collected recently.
6.The book _______ she wrote 10 years ago has just been published.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
7.Older athletes, _______ achievements used to be considered low, are getting faster and fitter than in the past.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
8.Big Ben, _________ has been visited by millions of people, is in England.
A. which B. whom C. that D. whose
9.I have got today’s newspaper, _______ has a list of films.
A. which B. whom C. that D. whose
10.Some experts advise that student should take advantage of their smart phones to have fun and good learning results. The underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. take care of B. make use of C. make fun of D. take photos of 11. Some kinds of software can be used with only some certain types of media ______.
A. plays B. playing C. played D. players
12.What was the name of the company _________ factory burned down yesterday?
A. which B. whom C. that D. whose
13.Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. introduce B. underline C. undertake D. following
14.They take part in social activities and interact with different cultures, _______ widens their knowledge and gradually matures them.
A. who B. that C. which D. whose
15.Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. dangerous B. encourage C. successful D. defining
16.Some students take a year out before university, ______ allows them to work or travel.
A. who B. that C. which D. whose
17.Choose the answer which needs correcting.
He is a(A) kind of(B) person who(C) job involves travelling(D) a lot.
18.Choose the answer which needs correcting.
I have(A) never been to Da Nang, that(B) is said to be the most(C) peaceful city in(D) Vietnam.
19. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. poisonous B. relative C. remember D. meaningful 20. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others
A. official B. embarrass C. unequal D. natural 5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1. smart phone / This / the / which / is / I / given / years / was / ago. / 2
……….
2.friend, / live / with / my /I / dear / is / quite / who /hardworking.
……….
3.Tom?/ Is / the / girl / that / you / to / want / to / introduce
………..?
4.She / whose / is / nurse / the / homeland / Mexico. / is
………..
5. could not / He / his / partners, / persuade / which / his / was / failure.
………..
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Computer Facts
Enjoy some great computer facts and interesting information about these ______ (1) devices which playsuch an important role in our modern day lives. Learn about parts of the computer such as the RAM, ROM and CPU as well as fun info about how we use computers to make our lives _______ (2) and more enjoyable.
Early electronic computers, developed around the 1940s, were the size of a large room and consumed huge amounts of _______ (3). They were vastly different to the modern computers we use today, especially when compared to small and portable laptop computers.
Computers ______ (4) to carry out instructions. These instructions are usually very simple and require adding numbers together, moving data from one place _______ (5)another etc. A computer program can include as little as a few instructions to upwards of millions of instructions depending on the complexity of the program.
Modern ______ (6)such as word processors, web browsers and graphic editors take large teams of programmers a long time to complete.
A computers memory stores numbers in huge amounts of cells that are addressed and can be quickly ______ (7) by the CPU to perform calculations. There are two main types of computer memory ROM (read only memory) and RAM (random access memory). ROM contains pre-written software and data that the CPU can only read, while RAM can be accessed and written to at any time. Computers interact _______ (8) a number of different I/O (input/output) devices to exchange information. These peripheral devices include the keyboard, mouse, display, hard drive, printer and more.
Computers are used to help link the world in the form of networks. Networked computers allow users to share and exchange data that is stored in different locations. You may have heard of a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) _________ (9) connects areas of various sizes. The Internet is a vast network of computers spanning the globe _______ (10)allows users to access email, the World Wide Web and other applications. Although we normally think of computers as the ones we use in our everyday lives to surf the web, write documents etc., small computers are also embedded into other things such as mobile phones, toys, microwaves and MP3 players. We use computers all the time, of' ten without even knowing it!
1. A. amazed B. amazing C. amazingly D. amaze 2. A. easier B. more easier C. much easy D. a lot easy 3. A. elect B. electrical C. electrically D. electricity
4. A. programmed B. are programmed C. program D. are programming
5. A. on B. for C. to D. about
6. A. applications B. application C. apply D. applied 7. A. accesses B. accessed C. accessing D. accessory
8. A. on B. for C. to D. with
9. A. whose B. who C. which D. whom
10. A. whose B. who C. that D. whom
