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TRƯỜNG THPT YÊN HÒA BỘ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH
ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HỌC KỲ II – MÔN TIẾNG ANH 11 Năm học 2018 - 2019
ENGLISH 11
In Preparation for the Second- Term Test
POINTS IN FOCUS
Unit & Topic Grammar & Structure Unit 6: Global Warming
Unit 7: Further Education Unit 8: Our World
Heritage Sites
Unit 9: Cities of the Future Unit 10: Healthy Lifestyle and Longevity
1. Perfect Gerunds & Perfect Participles 2. The Present Perfect & The Present
Perfect Continuous
3. Participle & to-infinitive clauses 4. Question tags
5. Conditional sentences
6. Reported Speech with Conditionals 7. Reported Speech with to-infinitive
and gerunds
UNIT 6: GLOBAL WARMING I – Pronunciation: Odd one out.
1. A – change B – preparation C – climate D – related 2. A – infectious B – chemical C – electronic D – species 3. A – capture B – catastrophic C – atmosphere D – shortage 4. A – drought B – brought C – doubt D – boundary 5. A – impact B – balance C – global D – man-made 6. A – extinct B – ecosystem C – electricity D – recycle II – Stress: Odd one out.
7. A – catastrophic B – fertilizer C – preservation D – electronic 8. A – diversity B – ecosystem C – ecology D – industrial 9. A – consequence B – atmosphere C – chemical D – infectious 10. A – greenhouse B – climate C – upset D – footprint III – Vocabulary and Grammar: Choose the best answer.
11. A layer of greenhouse gases – primarily water proof, and carbon dioxide – acts as a blanket for the Earth, absorbing _____ heat and warming the surface.
A – thermal B – hot C – heat D – heating
12. Most climate scientists agree the main cause of the current global warming trend is human expansion of the green house_____ .
A – causes B – effect C – gas D – damage
13. Certain_____ in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, block heat from escaping.
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A – effects B – emission C – gases D – layers 14. Ocean water also will expand if it warms, ______ further to sea level rise.
A – getting B – making C – leading D – contributing 15. Humans_____ atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by a third since the
Industrial Revolution began.
A – increase B – have increased
C – had increased D – were increasing
16. Sea level rise is usually regarded as Viet Nam’s main_____ : a one-meter rise would submerge 40 percent of the country and make millions homeless.
A – disaster B – hope C – destruction D – concern
17. All of the disaster resulted from ____will continue to have a devastating effect on socio-economic development.
A – floods B – climate change
C – ecological balance D – carbon footprint
18. The low ____ in the Mekong Delta leads to acute saline instruction much deeper than the traditional 30 to 40 km of mainland that is contaminated with salt water.
A – water currents B – sea level C – water level D – salt water 19. The next dry season will be extremely severe_____ further saltwater instruction,
water and rain shortages, and heat waves.
A – because B – although C – due to D – thanks to 20. They don’t forget ___a short vacation in Cuc Phuong National Park last year.
A – to spend B – having spent
C – being spent D – having been spent
IV – Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word/phrase from the box.
There are some extras.
finance energy sea level organizations
greenhouse gases climate change host global warming France was officially appointed the (21) ………. country for COP21. COP 21, also known as the 2015 Paris Climate Conference, will be on of the largest international conferences ever held in France.
This Conference is crucial because it must result in an international climate agreement enabling us to limit (22) ………. to below 2C.
Firstly, an ambitious, binding agreement on (23) ………. that applies to all countries. Secondly, each country determines contributions to the Green Climate Fund. Climate (24) ……….. will also be a crucial component. Lastly, local and regional (25) ……… and businesses will support the contributions made by states.
V – Combine the following sentences by completing the second sentences and using perfect gerunds.
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26 – 27. Salinity of water had caused significant damage to the crops and livestock in Ben Tre. Local people in Ben Tre blamed it for that damage.
Local people in Ben Tre... . 28 – 29. The burning of fossil fuels and other human activities has increased average global temperatures by 0.8 degree centigrade over the past 100 years.
Scientists accuse it for that.
Scientists accuse ... . 30 – 31. They have been unprepared for sudden floods last year. They remember that.
They remember ... . 32 – 33. Deforestation and overflowing dams have caused worse floods and storms in recent years. Local people in Quang Tri Province blame them for that.
Local people in Quang Tri Province ... . 34 – 35. The US government caused various diseases and birth defects in Viet Nam with Agent Orange. But the US government denies that.
The US government denies ... . VI – Choose the word among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Viet Nam is listed by the World Bank among the countries most (36) ……by rising waters brought about by higher global temperatures. Such a rise of one meter (37) ….a third of the Mekong Delta underwater and lead to mass internal migration and devastation in a region (38) ....produces nearly half of Viet Nam’s rice.
The vast, humid expanse of the delta is home to more than 17 million people, who (39) …… for generations on its thousands of river arteries. But rising sea water caused by global warming is now increasing the salt content of the river water and (40)
….. the livelihoods of millions of poor farmers and fishermen. Climate change is (41)
….. the rivers of the Mekong Delta salty.
In Ben Tre, salt water reached as far as 35 miles inland, causing significant (42) ….. to crops and livestock, with rice production particularly affected. It is said that there are three grams of salt per liter of fresh water in the river now. Gradually, more and more people are affected: (43) ….. nearest the sea are the most affected now, but soon the whole province will be (44)………
The salinity of the water has (45) ….. a point where many locals have been forced to abandon their traditional rice cultivation.
36. A – hurt B – destroyed C – threatened D – changed 37. A – can leave B – could leave C – can result D – could result 38. A – that B – what C – it D – there
39. A – rely B – relies C – has relied D – have relied 40. A – threatens B – threaten C – threatening D – threatened 41. A – turning B – making C – causing D – damaging 42. A – damage B – destruction C – disaster D – loss
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43. A – it B – that C – those D – who 44. A – attacked B – hit C – touched D – swept 45. A – reached B – come C – gone D become VII – Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D
Viet Nam Likely to Face Extreme Weather Conditions by 2050
Viet Nam is likely to continue facing extreme weather conditions such as higher temperatures, lower summer rainfalls, stronger storms, and rising sea levels from now to 2050. Temperatures in northern Viet Nam will rise by between 0.83 degrees Celsius by 2050 and continue its uptrend during the late 21st century. Summer rainfall will decline in most areas. Meanwhile, storms may become rarer but fiercer, causing possible flash floods and landslides in flood-prone areas of northern mountainous, central highland provinces. The forecasts suggest sea level rises of 100mm-400mm along the entire Vietnamese coast by the end of the 21st century, affecting marine biodiversity and coastal communities. The experts emphasize the unpredictability of climate change and its potential impacts to create a variety of dangerous extreme weather events in the future.
To raise the public awareness of climate change impacts, the Vietnamese government urges concerned agencies to work together on devising worst-case scenario models and responses by 2020 and calls on international experts to further support Viet Nam in climate change adaption. Climate change is a real threat to Viet Nam’s socio-economic development. If sea levels rose one meter, five percent of the country’s land, eleven percent of its population and seven percent of its farmland would be affected.
46. By 2050, Viet Nam continues facing all of these extreme weather conditions EXCEPT…….
A. higher temperature
B. storms reaching record levels
C. lower summer rainfalls D. rising sea levels
47. Sea level rises along the entire Vietnamese coast by the end of the 21st century will…...
A. cause certain flash floods and landslides in flood-prone areas B. make temperatures in northern Vietnam rise until 2050
C. make storms become rarer but fiercer in the near future
D. have impacts on marine biodiversity and coastal communities
48. To experts, they to predict exactly the model of the climate change and its potential impacts………
A. are unable B. are likely
C. are certain D. are surprised 49. Viet Nam needs…….
A. to recognize Viet Nam’s socio-economic development in the future
B. to calculate sea level rise, loss of farmland, and rise in population by 2020 C. to raise people’s awareness of climate change and to ask for foreign help
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D. to recognize the percentage of farmland which would be affected by its population
50. The word “worst-case scenario models” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to….. .
A. the worst scenes that could occur
B. the worst climate change impacts that will happen C. the worst possible things that could happen
D. the worst unpredictability of climate change
UNIT 7: FURTHER EDUCATION I – Pronunciation: Odd one out.
1. A – entrance B – diploma C – exchange D – apply 2. A – pursue B – curtain C – furniture D – further 3. A – admission B – profession C – passion D – passive 4. A – certificate B – decorate C – undergraduate D – doctorate 5. A – consult B – campus C – discussion D – subject 6. A – tutor B – master C – tuition D – transcript II – Stress: Odd one out.
7. A – diploma B – doctorate C – internship D – scholarship 8. A – undergraduate B – university C – baccalaureate D – accommodation 9. A – eligible B – kindergarten C – magnificent D – secondary 10. A – coordinator B – opportunity C – international D – similarity III – Vocabulary and Grammar: Choose the best answer.
11. Further education courses are usually described as either_____ or vocational.
A – academic B – practical C – learning D – technical
12. The International Baccalaureate is also now offered by more schools in the UK as a(n) _____ to A-levels.
A – choice B – substitution C – alternative D – option
13. In some institutions, A-levels can also be awarded in combination with other_____ , such as International Baccalaureate certificates.
A – examination B – qualifications C – courses D – levels
14. IB students can select subjects so that they specialise in a particular academic field, but mathematics, native language and theory of knowledge are_____
subjects.
A – optional B – elective C – compulsory D – certain
15. As well as studying on ______in the UK, you can also choose to study outside the UK – for example by distance learning.
A – campus B – accommodation C – building D – dormitory 16. The teachers at Edinburgh College encourage students to ______ with others,
experiment with arts and find their own ideas.
A – help B – improve C – involve D – collaborate
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17. University _______ in Viet Nam can decide their own criteria for enrolling international students.
A – principals B – rectors C – headmasters D – managers 18. Depending on your nationality, you maybe _____ for a loan or financial support
from the UK government.
A – legal B – capable C – able D – eligible
19. That university _____ the Advanced Programme with the aim to enrol around 500 international students for a decade.
A – implemented B – will implement
C – has been implementing D – will be implementing
20. A Bachelor’s degree is a three-year or four-year course you take in undergraduate higher education after you ______ further education.
A – have finished
B – have been finishing
C – had finished
D – had been finishing
IV – Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box. There are some extra words.
honour state speech education
completion stage courses graduation
Upon satisfactory (21) ………. of the 12th grade, a student graduates and receives a high school diploma. In the US, students graduate from high school, junior high school, elementary school and even nursery school. At high schools, there are ceremonies to celebrate (22) ……….. with caps, gowns, diplomas, and speeches by staff and students.
Graduation ceremonies are often called “commencement”, because it marks the start of a new (23) ………. in a student’s life. Americans are enthusiastic about “life cycle events” or milestones and graduations are a time of great celebration of students.
It’s a particular (24) …………. for a student (usually a top student) to be chosen as the
“valedictorian”, who gives the farewell (25) ………. at the graduation ceremony.
V – Complete the following sentences with the present perfect or present perfect continuous.
26. David who (enter) ……… employment since leaving school will go to university soon.
27. Maria (take) ……….. two A-levels and one AS-level in English, Math and Physics so far.
28. They (use) ………. the Internet to look for the courses which offer full scholarship.
29. Cambridge University (set) ……… the standards for the A-level subjects for more than 80 years.
30. Our principal (teach) ………. A-levels and IB in top academic schools in the USA and South America for more than 20 years.
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31. So far the college authorities (try) ……….. to make the application process as simple and fast as possible for international students.
32. The university (establish) ………. an international faculty that is responsible for the partnership with overseas institutions since 2005.
33. Since 2000, the Ministry of Education and Training (attempt)
………. to prevent classroom overcrowding with a plan to establish a further number of over 40 universities in Viet Nam.
34. Scientists (put) ……….. a lot of effort into the area of science and technology since the economic reform in 1985.
35. The international A-levels (be) ……… considered by many experts in the field of education to be the “gold standard” of examinations for a very long time until now.
VI – Choose the word among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Further education in Britain means education after GCSE exams (36) ... around the age of 16. It includes courses of study (37) ... to A-levels which students do at their school or college. Some students go (38) to a college of further education which (39)
….. a wide range of full or part-time courses. Further education also includes training for personal (40) ….. in nursing, accountancy, and management and in (41) ….. such as arts and music. The term (42) …… education is used to refer to degree courses at universities.
The British government is keen to (43)…… more young people to remain in education as (44) …… as possible in order to build up a more highly (45) ….., better educated workforce.
36. A – taken B – made C – performed D – participated 37. A – led B – linked C – leading D – linking
38. A – ahead B – right C – straight D – forward 39. A – gives B – offers C – supports D – presents 40. A – degree B – diploma C – certificate D – qualifications 41. A – skills B – fields C – topics D – respects 42. A – high B – tertiary C – secondary D – main 43. A – ask B – make C – remind D – inquire 44. A – soon B – long C – well D – much 45. A – skilled B – valued C – devoted D – talented
VII – Read the passage, and choose the correct answer for each question.
If you want to go to a university, you usually apply during your last year at school, when you are 17-18. You can apply to study at any university in Britain and most people choose a university that is not in their own town. So, university students usually live away from home. Students get a grant from the government to study. At the beginning of your last year at school, you receive an application form. On this form you choose up to five universities that you would like to go to. The form is sent to those universities
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with information from your school about you and your academic record. If the universities are interested in your application, they will ask you to attend an interview.
If they are still interested after the interview, they will offer you a place.
Any offer, however, is only conditional at this stage. Applications and interviews take place several months before students do their A-level examinations. These are the exams that you do at the end of your time at school. So, when a university makes an offer, it will tell you the minimum grades that you will have to get when you do your A- level exams. If you don’t obtain those grades, then, you will not be able to get the place.
It will be offered to someone else and you must apply again to another university. You don’t have to accept your place immediately. Some students don’t want to go straight from school to university. So, after they have taken their A-level, they take a year out to work or travel.
46. The main idea of the passage is_____ . A. how to be accepted to a university
B. how to take an A-level examination C. studying at a university
D. what to do after leaving school
47. The maximum number of universities that a student can apply for is _____.
A. two B. three
C. four D. five
48. If the university is interested in the application, ______.
A. the student will be offered a place
B. the student will have to attend an interview C. the student will go straight to the university D. the student will take an A-level examination
49. Students do their A-level examination_______
A. at the beginning of their last year at school
B. before they send the application forms to the universities C. at the end of their time at school
D. right after they receive an application form
50. If the student’s score is below the minimum grades announced by the university,___________.
A. the place will be offered to someone else B. he must take a year out
C. he mustn’t apply to any other university D. he will be able to get the place
UNIT 8: OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES I – Pronunciation: Odd one out.
1. A – intact B – dynasty C – citadel D – royal 2. A – heritage B – passage C – teenage D – package
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3. A – distinctive B – diversity C – irresponsible D – islet 4. A – relic B – limestone C – ruin D – scenic 5. A – grotto B – poetic C – worship D – dome 6. A – cruise B – mosaic C – cuisine D – craftsman II – Stress: Odd one out.
7. A – abundant B – masterpiece C – demolish D – mosaic 8. A – mandatory B – magnificent C – harmonious D – imperial 9. A – picturesque B – heritage C – emperor D – dynasty 10. A – geological B – archaeologist C – irresponsible D – itinerary III – Vocabulary: Choose the best answer.
11. The vegetation layers in Cat Ba Archipelago form spectacular and scenic landscapes and make the site become______ of all Vietnam’s typical ecosystems.
A – home B – house C – scenery D – basis 12. Hoi An Ancient Town is preserved in a remarkably _____ state.
A – damaged B – unspoiled C – intact D – unharmed
13. The _____ items in Con Moong Cave are now kept in Thanh Hoa Museum for preservation and displaying work.
A – excavating B – excavated C – excavation D – excavator
14. No fluorescent lights, no motorcycles, no television, on the 15th day of each lunar month, the riverside town of Hoi An _____modern life the night off.
A – gives B – lets C – brings D – turns
15. Located in Hoang Dieu Street, Hau Lau has_____ architecture of the Eastern and Western styles.
A – abundant B – authentic C – mixed D – complex
16. The nearly 4-hour ______ from Ha Long Bay to Cat Ba Island afforded us visits to well-known caves and beaches.
A – travel B – vacation C – boating D – cruise
17. My Son Sanctuary is an area ______ with Hindu-like architecture and art.
A – covering B – covered C – which covered D – to cover
18. Son Doong Cave is the largest cave in the world ______ in Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park.
A – to discover B – discovering C – which discovered D – to be discovered
19. The distinction of the Khai Dinh Tomb is the unique architecture ______ the art of Rococo and the Vietnamese style.
A – combined B – combining C – to be combined D – which combine 20. The Temple of Preah Vihear in Cambodia is composed of a series of sanctuaries _______ by a system of pavements and staircases over an 800 metre long axis.
A – linked B – linking C – to link D – being linked
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IV – Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box. There are some extra words.
site civilization relics culture
layers representative archaeologists evolution
Con Moong Cave is located in the South of Mo Village, Thanh Yen Commune, Thach Thanh District, Thanh Hoa Province, lying in the area of Cuc Phuong National Park.
Con Moong is an airy and nice cave. The (21) ……… have excavated the southwestern entrance which exists in site the evidence of ancient (22) ……….
Con Moong archaeological (23) ………….. is really a key for the understanding of Viet Nam and Southeast Asian prehistory. It has confirmed the continuation of artful technique to make cobble tools with representatives from Son Vi Culture to Hoa Binh Culture, and then Bac Son Culture. Con Moong Cave may show the (24) ………
of human beings from the end of old Stone Age; from hunting and gathering to planting and breeding, getting rid of primitive age to evolve to (25) ……….. age.
V – Rewrite the sentences replacing the relative clauses with participle or to- infinitive clauses.
26. On Cat Ba Island, there are about 80 species and sub-species which have been classified in the Viet Nam’s Red List.
……….
27. Don’t miss the Ngu Binh Mountain, which forms a kind of protective screen around the monuments in Hue.
………..
28. The wooden blocks of Truc Lam Zen Buddhism present both Han and Nom texts which were carved deliberately in different writing styles.
………..
29. Hoi An, which was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1999, has become a very popular tourist destination in Viet Nam.
………..
30. Ha Long Bay is the most magnificent scenic spot in Viet Nam which attracts millions of domestic and international tourist every year.
………..
31. Trang An is a prominent place in Southeast Asia and the world which contains abundant archaeological evidences preserved almost well.
………..
32. Visitors who are carried through the streams in small traditional boats can enjoy the beauty in the caves.
………..
33. For centuries, Hoi An had developed into a melting pot of various nationalities who came to the area and brought along their own cultures.
………..
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34. Phong Nha – Ke Bang is the largest limestone region that contains several hundred caves and grottoes.
………..
35. Scenic landscape in Trang An is a blend of towering cliff-bounded mountains which are connected through a large number of underground streams and caves.
………..
VI – Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Hoan Kiem Lake is an attractive body of water right in the (36) ….. of Ha Noi. Legend has it that in the mid-15th (37) ….. , Heaven gave Emperor Le Thai To (Le Loi) a magical sword which he used to fight (38) …. the Chinese, the Ming aggressors, out of Viet Nam. After that one day when he was out (39) ….. in the lake, a giant (40) ….. tortoise suddenly grabbed the sword and (41) ….. into the depths of the lake. Since then, the lake has been known as Hoan Kiem Lake (Lake of the Restored Sword) (42) ….. it is believed the sword was taken to its original divine owners.
The tiny Tortoise Pagoda, topped with a red star, is (43) ….. a small island in the middle of the lake; it is often used (44) ….. an emblem of Ha Noi. Every morning around 6 a.m, local residents can be seen around Hoan Kiem Lake (45) ….. their morning exercise, jogging or playing badminton.
36. A – middle B – main C – heart D – point 37. A – festival B – century C – time D – occasion 38. A – above B – down C – for D – against 39. A – diving B – playing C – sailing D – walking 40. A – gold B – golden C – huge D – salty 41. A – disappeared B – endangered C – lost D – escaped 42. A – although B – however C – so D – because
43. A – at B – on C – in D – above
44. A – as B – like C – for D – to
45. A – to do B – doing C – to make D – making
VII – Read the passage, and choose the correct answer for each question.
Ha Long Bay
Ha Long Bay is a group of offshore islands that is the best example of marine invaded limestone region in the world. The Bay holds over 1600 islands and islets. There are caves and grottoes, with stalactites and stalagmites. Its limestone pillars are a unique natural feature of great scenic beauty and biological interest. The great extent and the richness of its forms sets it apart from many other sites.
Ha Long Bay is an extremely popular destination both for foreigners and Vietnamese.
The early 1990s saw over 1 million visitors a year. It is unlikely that the number has decreased over the years – so there will always be about 3000 other people in the Bay at the same time as you!
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The natural beauty of the Bay lay hidden today under a very common fog. As I had already seen the similar karst landscape in China a couple of years before, I certainly said that I was blown away by the beauty of Ha Long Bay. We went onto one of the islands to visit the Surprising Cave – an indeed surprisingly big and beautiful cave with three hollow chambers. We saw some monkeys here too, just outside the cave exit.
Part of the tour was half an hour of kayaking – enough to paddle a full circle around the main area. The views from the kayak I found much more impressive than from the larger boat: you’re so tiny then and the peaks rise sharply in front of you. I had a better look at the water too, and cannot say that I saw pollution by plastic or other junk floating around. There is a thin layer of oil on the water in some part though.
And then it’s time to get back in the bus to Ha Noi, another 3.5 hours. Their tour was carried out well with good seafood for lunch and I had a satisfying day.
46. The attraction that Ha Long Bay offer to tourists is______.
A. A large number of islands and islets B. The largest limestone region in the world
C. Its caves and grottoes, with stalactites and stalagmites D. Its unique value of landscape and biology
47. The writer was______ .
A. Able to escape from an explosion is Ha Long Bay B. Very impressed by the beauty of Ha Long Bay C. Unable to see Ha Long Bay due to the fog D. Really frightened of visiting the Surprising Cave
48. All of the following statements are true about Ha Long Bay EXCEPT that___ . A. The writer thought its beauty surpassed many other sites
B. The writer didn’t think the number of tourists had decreased over the years C. The writer saw some monkeys in the chambers of the Surprising Cave D. It took three and a half hours to travel from Ha Noi to Ha Long Bay by bus 49. During half an hour of kayaking, the writer found that____ .
A. He was more impressed by the view from the kayak than by that from the boat B. The problem of pollution there was serious with plastic or other junk floating
around
C. He could see the peaks rise sharply in front of him
D. He could see a thin layer of oil on the water in a full circle around the main area 50. The word “karst” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____ .
A. The common landscape found in China suitable for kayaking and boating B. An irregular limestone region with underground streams, and caves
C. A large number of island and islets in Viet Nam and China D. The explosive that can blow tourist away if they are not careful
UNIT 9: CITIES OF THE FUTURE I – Pronunciation: Odd one out.
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1. A – current B – sustainable C – infrastructure D – rubbish 2. A – climate B – livable C – city D – discussion 3. A – solar B – infrastructure C – designer D – focus
4. A – upgraded B – consumption C – urban D – unbelievable 5. A – dweller B – detect C – technology D – eco-friendly 6. A – presentation B – sensor C – infrastructure D – insoluble II – Stress: Odd one out.
7. A – pessimistic B – optimistic C – overcrowded D – innovative 8. A – residential B – environment C – insoluble D – enjoyable 9. A – infrastructure B – sustainable C – inhabitant D – renewable 10. A – generate B – understand C – innovate D – maximize III – Vocabulary and Grammar: Choose the best answer.
11. By 2050, seven out of every 10 people on Earth will be a(n)__________.
A – shelter B – urban residence C – city developer D – city dweller 12. Since 2007, Boston police have been using Shotspotter, a system that allows
them to ______the location of shots fired immediately.
A – detect B – select C – collect D – realize
13. ___ structure in Ha Noi will be changed with the development of satellite areas.
A – City B – Downtown C – Urban D – Town
14. The Saudi government is investing billions in ______ to support the enormous influx of people in Mecca.
A – streets B – roads C – bridges D – infrastructure 15. Many scientists are cautiously_____ that the earth can feed more than nine
billion people.
A – interested B – pessimistic C – optimistic D – negative
16. China has already been experimenting with ways to make its cities more _____
for the last two decades.
A – sustainable B – harmless C – continued D – natural
17. Studies reveal that food production will need to increase by 70 percent to _____
the over 9 billion people on Earth.
A – give B – supply C – provide D – feed 18. This is your essay on smart cities by 2050, _________?
A – is this B – isn’t this C – is it D – isn’t it 19. Across the globe, nations are preparing for water scarcity,_________?
A – are they B – aren’t they C – will they D – won’t they 20. I think the cities of tomorrow also need to consider the availability of open space,
__________?
A – do I B – don’t I C – do they D – don’t they IV – Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box. There are some extra words.
space link energy network
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urban enjoyable sustainable infrastructure
Panasonic works with Denver to improve residents’ lives
Panasonic has revealed its smart city in partnership with Denver in the USA.
Panasonic’s new plan includes a(n) (21) ……….…. of programmable LED street lights with on-street cameras, smart solar grids, video analytics for parking, and improved security management to address multiple (22) …….… concerns in the city. In terms of residential developments, residents will be able to interact with their doctors in real time through an in-home biometric reading and tele-medicine progamme.
By making transportation more efficient, improving green (23) ………….… usage, and increasing access to advanced public resources, the goal of this smart city project is to transform Denver into a simpler and more (24) ……… place to work, live, and travel. Simultaneously, the project provides Panasonic the opportunity to expand its reach beyond electronics and enter the Internet of Things (IoT) (25) …………. for consumers.
V – Complete the sentences with the correct question tags.
26. The global conference provides us with the occasion for looking more closely at several solutions, ………?
27. Tomorrow’s cities are managed by a computer, ………..?
28. There will be electric, driverless cars, ………..?
29. The Mayor of London did not believe an electric double decker was technically feasible, ……….?
30. All new cars sold in the country will be emissions free in less than 35 years,
………?
31. We do not oppose the urban situations as they exist today, ……….?
32. The start of the 21st century in China and the Arab world was marked by the creation of new, energy-consuming cities, ……….?
33. Your life will be organized by a domestic computer, ………..?
34. There is no lack of the formation necessary for making urban progress,
………..?
35. Berlin tiles green spaces beautifully into the urban landscapes,
………?
VI – Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Helsinki already ranks as one of the world’s most (36) …. cities, but by 2050, it may top the list. Over the next few decades, Helsinki expects to add around 250,000 new residents. But the more the population grows, the fewer cars will be on city streets as Helsinki (37) ….. itself into a network of (38) ….. that are virtually car-free.
Right now, like many cities, Helsinki has a compact (39) ….. linked to far-flung suburbs by expressways. (40) ….. the city grows, each suburb will change into a mini-urban center surrounding tram or rail stations.
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….. Helsinki expects its busy expressways to become boulevards lined with new (41), sidewalk cafes, bike lanes, and trams and buses. Residents will run everyday errands on foot or by bike; the city hopes that homes, businesses, schools, and stores will all be (42) ….. together that many people might not even have to (43) ….. anymore.
Helsinki is described as a green network city which has five “green fingers” (44) …..
through the city from sea to surrounding forest network. Most of the new development will be located on brownfield areas, residential areas, and on transforming motorway corridors. The city also plans to add parks along the shoreline and add new (45) …..
to nearby islands.
36. A – worth B – deserving C – capable D – livable 37. A – transform B – converts C – causes D – varies 38. A – villages B – regions C – neighbourhoods D – communes 39. A – urban core B – hard core C – urban space D – centre city 40. A Although B – Because C – As for D – As
41. A – homing B – house C – housing D – home
42. A – enough near B – enough distance C – far enough D – close enough 43. A – travel B – commute C – communicate D – go
44. A – run B – running C – to run D – being run 45. A – connections B – relations C – relationships D – paths VII – Read the passage, and choose the correct answer for each question.
Predictions about the Cities of the Future
Cities are built to survive and prosper. Over the years, we have learned to transform our surroundings according to our needs. We have cut through mountains to make more land and created artificial islands to make skyscrapers. City planning, as an organized profession, has existed for less than a century. However, a considerable amount of evidence (both archaeological and historical) proves the existence of fully planned cities in ancient times. Over the years, humans have made some mistakes in terms of using an excessive amount of resources for cities. This gives rise to the question of how sustainable the cities of the future would be.
We might be looking at smart cities in which street lights would only switch on when you are close by and traffic light would be eliminated by smart driving. The cities of the future would try to save our resources rather than deplete them.
An example of an advanced city is Kansas. Plans are in place to make Kansas a smart futuristic city in the future. Planners are considering introducing sensors to monitor the water mains. Warning would be issued to city officials when the infrastructure requires repair or replacement. In this way, the city would never be at risk of having broken pipes.
While the idea sound fantastic, a large amount of rational critique has called this plan an oversold dream. Amy Glasmier is an urban planning professor at MIT. She is a smart city skeptic who believes that all the research and talk is great but gravely oversold.
16 46. City planning is thought ____.
A. to have become a profession for about a hundred years B. to have existed professionally since ancient times
C. to have come into existence to transform nature
D. to make more land and created artificial islands to make skyscrapers 47. The most important task in building is_____ .
A. to use an excessive amount of resources for cities B. to raise the question about the future
C. to make cities in the future sustainable D. to make future cities more organized
48. All of the following statements may be true about smart cities EXCEPT that __.
A. street lights automatically switch on when necessary B. traffic light would be controlled by smart driving C. smart driving wouldn’t need traffic light
D. cities in the future would conserve energy
49. The residents in Kansas would not be worried about water in the future because___ .
A. the infrastructure requires no repair or replacement B. the city will never have broken water pipes
C. city officials often repair or replace the water mains D. there may be no disruption to water supply
50. The attitude of Amy Glasmier towards smart cities is ____ .
A. Supportive B. doubtful C. indifferent D. disgusting
UNIT 10: HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND LONGEVITY I – Pronunciation: Odd one out.
1. A – obesity B – overweight C – consume D – focus 2. A – yoga B – expectancy C – dramatic D – massage 3. A – vision B – boost C – cholesterol D – support 4. A – acne B – happy C – natural D – dietary 5. A – longevity B – immune C – nutrition D – prescription 6. A – disease B – leisure C – physical D – preserve II – Stress: Odd one out.
7. A – meditation B – longevity C – expectancy D – cholesterol 8. A – essential B – survival C – nutrition D – vegetable 9. A – acupuncture B – supermarket C – necessary D – simultaneous 10. A – dietary B – variety C – obesity D – bacteria
III – Vocabulary & Grammar: Choose the best answer.
11. A ______ makes the body more efficient and enhances the body’s ability to respond to stress.
A – fitness B – morning exercise C – training D – workout
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12. Many doctors recommend______ as a way to reduce stress.
A – meditation B – thinking C – silence D – calmness
13. The acid in nonstick pans is associated with birth and developmental defects, _____ system problems, and cancer
A – immune B – immunity C – immunization D – immunized
14. By paying attention to your hunger signals and switching to healthy snacks, you can_____ nutrition, control cravings, and lose weight.
A – succeed B – boost C – stimulate D – request
15. Baking soda is considered the best home ________for acne as it sooths itching and inflammation around spots.
A – dealing B – medicine C – remedy D – substance
16. My own __________for health is less paperwork and more running barefoot through the grass.
A – routine B – treatment C – medicine D – prescription
17. Whole grains are high in fiber and contain a variety of________ that support healthy blood sugar levels.
A – nutrition B – nutrients C – nutritionists D – nutritious
18. Living to an average of 83 years old, Japan is the nation with the highest ________ in the world.
A – lifetime B – lifework C – life force D – life expectancy
19. ________cholesterol is a byproduct of the fats that are found in animal-based foods like eggs, dairy products and meat.
A – Diet B – Dietary C – Meal D – Food
20. In order to avoid bad eating habits, you’ll have to replace unhealthy fat with more _______ food.
A – nutrition B – nutritional C – nutritious D – nutritive
IV – Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word/phrase form the box.
There are some extra words.
treatment life expectancy childbirth lifestyle
behaviour weaker sex diet deaths
Why do women live longer than men?
Women generally live about six years longer than men. Evidence suggests that boys are the (21) ………. at birth, which means that more die in infancy. Also women do not have as much heart disease as men. In terms of (22) ………., men smoke more than women, and thus more die of smoking-related diseases. They drink more and are more aggressive in (23) ………, particularly in driving cars, so they are more likely to die in accidents. Also, they generally have more dangerous occupations, such as building works.
Historically, women died in (24) ……… and men in wars. Now, childbearing is less risky and there are fewer wars. The country with the highest (25) ………..is Japan, where the average age for men is 76 and women is 82.
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V – Write the sentences in reported speech, using the reporting verbs and to- infinitives or gerunds.
26. “Don’t forget to enjoy yourself after a hard-working day,” Phong’s father said.
(reminded)
………..
27. “You need to start the day with exercise and breakfast,” Lan’s doctor said.
(suggested)
………..
28. “To gain most benefit, you should do at least 30 minutes of physical acticity on most days,” Mai’s PE teacher said. (insisted on)
………..
29. “You should wear sunglasses when you are in bright sunlight,” Nick’s doctor said.
(advised)
………..
30. “I’m very sorry for not following the simple lifestyle changes you told me when I was young,” my elder brother said to my parents. (apologized for)
………..
Change the sentences in reported speech into directed speech.
31. My little brother promised to turn on lights when it was getting dark when he was reading.
………..
32. Mai’s parent advised her to tell her teacher if she can’t see the blackboard clearly.
……….
33. The doctor wanted the students not to wear other people’s glasses.
……….
34. Nick apologised for neglecting the instructions about using the contact lenses.
………..………
35. The eye doctor told us that looking directly at the sun can damage our eyes.
………..
VI – Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Foot massage has been (36) …… in different cultures for years to promote health and well-being. Also, it has been a valuable part of complementary and alternative (37)…….
Reflexology is an ancient healing practice based on the principle that there are flex points on the feet that correspond to the body’s different (38) …… and glands. These points are located on the soles, ankles, toes and upper part of the foot. In reflexology, pressure is applied (39) …… special areas on the feet with specific thumb, finger or hand techniques.
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Stimulating and applying pressure to these relaxes on the feet is definitely pleasurable, but at the same time it helps (40) …… good health.
Due to urban (41) ……, most of us do not use the muscles of our feet properly. Also, improper footwear like tight shoes hampers normal circulation in the feet. You can improve your blood circulation with 10 minutes of daily foot massage. This in turn will help (42) …… oxygen to the body’s cell, which is (43) ….. for overall health.
Certain points on the feet are helpful in alleviating symptoms of depression. For instance, the spot in the center of the big toe, the spot at the center of the ball of your foot are associated with emotional (44) ….. and mental health.
One easy way to keep your feet healthy and free from all kinds of foot problems is a regular foot massage. It helps stimulate the muscles around your feet, lessens stiffness and even (45) ….. pain in the ankles or the heels.
36. A – worked B – made C – practised D – trained 37. A – medicine B – medicines C – pills D – substance 38. A – bodies B – organizations C – organs D – regions 39. A – for B – to C – through D – with
40. A – raised B – upgrade C – stimulate D – promote 41. A – lifetime B – lifestyles C – life expectancy D – life story 42. A – transform B – transfer C – transport D – transmit 43. A – essential B – available C – care D – suitable 44. A – quality B – stability C – need D – change 45. A – kills B – cures C – rejects D – reduces VII – Read the passage, and choose the correct answer for each question.
Health benefits of yoga
Yoga is a healthy lifestyle. One of the benefits of yoga is that you can choose a yoga style that is suitable for your lifestyle, such as hot yoga, power yoga, relaxation yoga, etc. if you are a yoga beginner, Hatha Yoga, which focuses on basic postures at a comfortable pace, would be great for you. If you want to increase strength through using more of your own body’s resistance, Power Yoga may be right for you. Whether you prefer you’re at home, in a private session, watching a DVD or at a studio or gym, there are a huge variety of options available to suit your goals and needs.
Improved flexibility is one of the first and most obvious benefits of yoga. During your first class, you probably won’t be able to touch your toes. But if you stick with it, you’ll notice a gradual loosening, and eventually, seemingly impossible poses will become possible. Each of the yoga poses is built to reinforce the muscles around the spine, the very center of your body, which is the core from which everything else operates. When the core is working properly, posture is improved, thus alleviating back, shoulder, and neck pain.
Strong muscles do more than look good. They also protect us from conditions like arthritis and back pain, and help prevent falls in elderly people. And when you build
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strength through yoga, you balance it with flexibility. If you just went to the gym and lifted weights, you might build strength at the expense of flexibility.
Yoga get your blood flowing. More specifically, the relaxation exercises you learn in yoga can help your circulation, especially in your hands and feet. Yoga also gets more oxygen to your cells, which function better as a result. Twisting poses are thought to wring out venous blood from internal organs and allow oxygenated blood to flow in once the twist is released.
Many studies found that a consistent yoga practice improved depression and led to greater levels of happiness and better immune function.
46. Yoga is a very convenient type of exercise because________
A. we can watch a DVD at a studio or gym and follow it
B. we can choose a yoga style that is suitable for our lifestyle
C. we can choose Hatha Yoga to focus on basic postures or to increase strength D. there are a huge variety of options available for our private session
47. According to yoga’s principles, the spine is of great importance because ____
A. when the spine is working properly, postures will become possible B. seemingly impossible poses will become possible
C. it is the center of your body, from which other muscles operate D. we can avoid back, shoulder, and neck pain
48. In order to build strong muscles, __________.
A. we build strength with high expense at the gym B. we don’t pay any attention to our appearance C. we should reinforce the muscles around the spine D. we can have strength with flexibility through yoga 49. Yoga can improve our circulation because ________
A. it helps to provide more oxygen to cells or internal organs B. it helps us to perform twisting poses more easily
C. we can have more relaxation exercises
D. it helps to provide more blood to internal organs than others
50. The word “alleviating” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________ . A. keeping B. relieving C. worsening D. boosting
