CHUYÊN SAN KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI – NHÂN VĂN – KINH TẾ

(1)

Tập 183, số 07, 2018

Tập 183, Số 07, 2018

(2)

T¹p chÝ Khoa häc vµ C«ng nghÖ

CHUYÊN SAN KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI – NHÂN VĂN – KINH TẾ

Môc lôc Trang

Hoàng Thị Phương Nga - Mô hình du lịch văn học “Làng Vũ Đại ngày ấy” 3

Phạm Thị Thu Hoài, Trần Thị Thanh - Tiếng lóng trong truyện về đề tài giáo dục của Văn Thành Lê 9 Ngô Thị Thanh Nga, Phạm Thị Hồng Vân - Vài nét về các phương thức thể hiện tình vợ chồng trong văn

học trung đại Việt Nam 15

Nguyễn Thị Thắm,Nguyễn Minh Sơn - Ý thức đối thoại của Nguyễn Ngọc Tư với văn học truyền thống thông

qua những nhân vật nữ trong tập truyện Không ai qua sông 21

Đặng Thị Thùy, Nguyễn Diệu Thương - Lô gích của các hiện tượng “phi lô gích” trong ca dao, tục ngữ

người Việt 27

Đinh Thị Giang - Những nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến lối sống của người Việt ở đồng bằng Bắc Bộ hiện nay 33 Nguyễn Diệu Thương, Nguyễn Thị Lan Hương - Phương thức tạo hàm ý trong tiểu phẩm trào phúng 39 Nguyễn Thu Quỳnh, Vì Thị Hiền - Từ ngữ chỉ đồ gia dụng trong tiếng Thái ở tỉnh Điện Biên 45 Nguyễn Thị Thu Oanh, Hoàng Thị Mỹ Hạnh - Vị thế, vai trò cầm quyền của Đảng Cộng Sản Việt Nam giai

đoạn 1945 - 1975 và một số bài học kinh nghiệm 51

Đỗ Hằng Nga, Phạm Quốc Tuấn - Việc thu thuế trong làng xã qua tư liệu hương ước cải lương tỉnh Thái Nguyên 57 Lê Văn Hiếu - Hiệu quả hoạt động của mô hình “ban tuyên vận” xã, phường, thị trấn và “tổ tuyên vận” thôn, bản, tổ

dân phố ở tỉnh Lào Cai trong giai đoạn hiện nay 63

Thái Hữu Linh, Nguyễn Thị Thu Hiền, Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hà - Vai trò của hậu phương Bắc Thái trong cuộc

tổng tiến công Mậu Thân năm 1968 69

Phạm Anh Nguyên - Sức hấp dẫn trong Hài đàm của Phan Khôi 73

Nguyễn Thị Hường, Nguyễn Thị Mão, Nguyễn Tuấn Anh - Nâng cao hiệu quả tổ chức các hoạt động ngoại khoá trong dạy học môn giáo dục công dân ở các trường trung học phổ thông trên địa bàn thành phố Thái

Nguyên hiện nay 79

Nguyễn Văn Dũng, Đào Ngọc Anh - Thực trạng thể chất của sinh viên không chuyên thể dục thể thao Trường

Đại hoc Sư phạm – Đại học Thái Nguyên 85

Trần Bảo Ngọc, Lê Ngọc Uyển, Bùi Thanh Thủy và cs - Thực trạng xếp loại tốt nghiệp sinh viên diện cử

tuyển ở trường Đại học Y Dược – Đại học Thái Nguyên giai đoạn 2013-2017 91

Nguyễn Thúc Cảnh - Nghiên cứu xây dựng hệ thống bài tập có nội dung thực tế trong giảng dạy cơ học cho

học sinh trung học phổ thông 97

Hà Thị Kim Linh, Chu Thị Bích Huệ - Giáo dục kiến thức pháp luật cho phụ nữ vùng dân tộc thiểu số ở huyện

Võ Nhai, tỉnh Thái Nguyên 105

Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hồng, Nguyễn Thị Khánh Ly, Vũ Kiều Hạnh - Tăng cường sự tham gia của sinh viên vào các hoạt động học tiếng Anh trong lớp học đông nhiều trình độ của sinh viên năm thứ nhất trường Đại học

Y Dược – Đại học Thái Nguyên 111

Phạm Thị Huyền, Vũ Thị Thủy - Vận dụng phong cách nêu gương theo tư tưởng Hồ Chí Minh trong xây dựng

phong cách làm việc đối với cán bộ chủ chốt ở nước ta hiện nay 117

Đàm Quang Hưng - Thiết kế bài học khoa học lớp 4, lớp 5 theo hướng tìm tòi thực nghiệm 123 Hoàng Thị Thu Hoài - Những khó khăn trong việc dạy và học từ vựng tiếng Anh chuyên cho sinh viên chuyên

ngành điều dưỡng, trường Cao đẳng Y tế Thái Nguyên và một số giải pháp đề xuất 129

Journal of Science and Technology

183 (07)

N¨m

2018

(3)

Nguyễn Lan Hương, Văn Thị Quỳnh Hoa - Những nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến khả năng nói tiếng Anh của sinh

viên năm thứ nhất trường Đại học Nông Lâm – Đại học Thái Nguyên 135 Vũ Kiều Hạnh - Những yếu tố quyết định đến mức độ đọc hiểu của sinh viên năm thứ hai tại trường Đại học

Nông Lâm – Đại học Thái Nguyên 141

Nguyễn Thị Quế, Hoàng Thị Nhung - Hỏi đúng để tự học và học tập cộng tác thành công – hướng tới xây

dựng người học ngoại ngữ độc lập trong bối cảnh hội nhập khu vực và quốc tế 147 Ngô Thị Thu Hà, Nguyễn Thị Hoài Thu - Ứng dụng các phương pháp giảng dạy tích cực nhằm nâng cao chất

lượng dạy – học tiếng Việt cho học viên quốc tế tại Học viện Kỹ thuật Quân sự 153 Dương Văn Tân - Đánh giá hiệu quả áp dụng trò chơi vận động trong phát triển thể lực chung cho sinh viên

trường Đại học Kỹ thuật Công nghiệp – Đại học Thái Nguyên 159

Bùi Thị Hương Giang - Nâng cao năng lực giao tiếp giao văn hóa trong dạy và học ngoại ngữ 165 Trần Hoàng Tinh, Nông La Duy, Phạm Văn Tuân - Xây dựng trung đội tự quản trong quản lý giáo dục tính

kỷ luật cho sinh viên tại trung tâm giáo dục quốc phòng và an ninh trong giai đoạn hiện nay 171 Trần Thị Yến, Khổng Thị Thanh Huyền - Sử dụng hình thức đọc chuyên sâu để nâng cao khả năng viết học

thuật cho sinh viên chuyên ngành tiếng Anh 177

Đỗ Thị Hồng Hạnh, Hoàng Mai Phương - Đào tạo nghề cho lao động nông thôn trên địa bàn huyện Chợ Mới,

tỉnh Bắc Kạn 183

Trần Thùy Linh, Trần Lương Đức, Nguyễn Thị Thùy Trang - Cách tiếp cận của pháp luật cạnh tranh liên

minh châu Âu về hành vi lạm dụng mang tính trục lợi 189

Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hà, Phạm Việt Hương - Xây dựng bộ tiêu chí và chỉ số kinh tế phù hợp để đánh giá quản

lý rừng bền vững ở huyện Định Hóa 195

Đinh Thị Hoài - Truyền thông marketing sản phẩm và dịch vụ thông tin - thư viện tại Trung tâm Học liệu Đại

học Thái Nguyên 201

Nguyễn Thị Thanh Xuân - Nghiên cứu nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến sự hài lòng của khách hàng sử dụng dịch vụ

khách sạn tại Thanh Hóa, Việt Nam 207

Dương Thị Tình - Đóng góp của xuất khẩu hàng hóa tới tăng trưởng kinh tế của tỉnh Yên Bái 213 Lê Minh Hải, Trần Viết Khanh - Phân tích tổ chức không gian lãnh thổ du lịch tỉnh Thái Nguyên 219 Hà Văn Vương - Vận dụng lý thuyết Ecgônômi trong tổ chức môi trường làm việc tại văn phòng chi nhánh may

Sông Công II - Công ty Cổ phần Đầu tư và Thương mại TNG 227

Mai Anh Linh, Nguyễn Thị Minh Anh - Đánh giá chất lượng dịch vụ và sự hài lòng của khách hàng: nghiên

cứu thực nghiệm tại siêu thị Lan Chi, Thái Nguyên 233

Đinh Hồng Linh, Nguyễn Thu Nga, Nguyễn Thu Hằng - Sử dụng hàm Loga siêu việt để đánh giá hiệu quả

kinh doanh của các ngân hàng Việt Nam 239

(4)

Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hà và Đtg Tạp chí KHOA HỌC & CÔNG NGHỆ 183(07): 195 - 200

195 SETTING UP AN APPROPRIATE SET OF ECONOMIC CRITERIA

AND INDICATORS FOR EVALUATING SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN DINH HOA DISTRICT

Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha^*, Pham Viet Huong TNU - University of Technology

SUMMARY

Criteria and indicator frameworks have grown as tools for improving the sustainable forest management since the last two decades. The top-down approaches has been mainly used to determine critical measures for the success of forest management. Criteria and indicator sets are mainly developed for the national level to describe and monitor status and trends in forest management and fail to capture many criteria and indicator of critical importance to local populations who experience forest management strategies ﬁrst hand and who have their own definitions of sustainability. The concept of criteria and indicator for sustainable forest management requires further development at the local level. This research was conducted in Dinh Hoa district, Thai Nguyen province. Using participatory and bottom-up approaches, the research aims to set up and develop an appropriate set of economic criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management at local level, which shows applicability for the sustainable forest management of tropical forests locally. The final set of economic criteria and indicators consists of seven criteria and twenty four indicators should be used as a suggestion for policy makers to build up the criteria and idicators for sustainable forest management in Vietnam including the voice and the choice of local people.

Keywords: Sustainability; forest management; economic criteria and indicators; participatory approach; tropical forest.

INTRODUCTION ^*

Criteria and indicator (C&I) framworks have grown as tools for improving the sustainable forest management since the last two decades [1]. The top-down approaches has been mainly used to determine critical measures for the success of forest management. C&I sets are mainly developed for the national level to describe and monitor status and trends in forest management [2] and fail to capture many C&I of critical importance to local populations who experience forest management strategies ﬁrst hand and who have their own definitions of sustainability [1]. The concept of C&I for sustainable forest management (SFM) requires further development at the local level.

C&I, developed locally by the principal stakeholders in a participatory and collaborative way, can be a valuable tool for mutual learning between the community and partners, sharing local and scientific and other external knowledge and guiding action towards the sustainable management of forests [3]. The resulting C&I can be used by the community as a tool for setting goals for

*Tel: 0915210812; Email: hanguyen@tnut.edu.vn

sustainable forest management, guiding actions, monitoring and assessing and learning from the process. Using the C&I in an iterative process can help adapt management towards sustainability [3].

Vietnam has a natural area of over 33.1 million hectares, including 14.4 million ha of forests of which about 10.2 million ha are naturally regenerated forest and 4.2 million ha are planted forest with forest coverage ratio of 41.45% [4]. In total, the forest sector in Vietnam contributes 0,67% to the country´s GDP, excluding significant contributions of forest product processing industry, exports, and environmental values [5]. In 2016, total number of forestry households in Viet Nam is 114.5 thousand households [6]. 2.9 million people have income from forests less than 25%

of the total income, 1.2 million people from 25 to 50%, and 0.57 million people over 50% [7].

Although the forest area is increasing, the quality and biodiversity of the natural forests in many locations have been continuously reduced. In some locations, the forest is being destroyed due to changes of land use purposes, illegal logging, slash-and-burn agriculture. To ensure the forest will be

(5)

196

managed in a sustainable way, C&I assing SFM should be built up.

Applying an available generic set of C&I for SFM of some international organizations International Tropical Timber organization (ITTO) applying for 150 countries tropical forest countries, focusing on Africa and Latin America [8], Center of International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Forest Steward Council (FSC) applying for 80 countries [9], or Vietnam’s set in line with FSC (still not announced formally) has some obstacles because these don’t involve the specific local context with various characteristics of forests which are directly related to local people’s lives, manners and customs, traditions and cultures. Therefore, it is imperative to include local forest conditions, local people’s voice and choice while developing such instruments. The task proposed in this research is motivated by this challenge.

The objective of the study is to set up an appropriate set of economic C&I to evaluate SFM with the active involvement of local stakeholders.

METHODOLOGY

The study was conducted in Dinh Hoa district, Thai Nguyen province, Northern Vietnam. Dinh Hoa has an area of 51,35 thousand ha with a population of about 88,43 thousand people in which 92,5% live in rural areas [10]. Forest area is about 34,36 thousand ha representing 66,92% of the total area, of which special use forest, protection forest, and production forest comprise at 24%, 20%, and 56% respectively. The forest land is allocated to households, village community, and social organization of which household allocation comprises at about 60% of the total. Dinh Hoa district is characterized by biophysical, social and cultural diversity as well as its important role in the regional economy’s development [11]. Dinh Hoa was chosen due to the geographic representatives, the presence of three forest functions, i.e., protection, production, and special-use forests, the presence of natural and planted forest and the willingness of local paper to participate in the survey.

The research was carried out at 12 hamlets in five communes Phu Tien, Quy Ky, Lam Vi, Diem Mac, Phu Dinh. Additionally, Bao

Cuong commune was chosen to pretest. The criteria to select participants were differences in ages, ethnic groups, well-being, gender, education levels, experience in farming and forest use. Several participants are representative of chief of hamlet, war veteran union, farmer association, women association, youth union and forest guard.

Figure 1. Map of Dinh Hoa district The research applied C&I hierarchy framework. This C&I hierarchy is des cribed in the following manner: The overall purpose of the hierarchical structure is to create strong links between the upper-level ideals (Principles) and the “signs” (Criteria and Indicators) right down to the small pieces of information (Verifiers) so that the picture created is meaningful and coherent [12].

There is no difficulty with adapting this framework, or any other C&I framework, to meet local needs, as long as this basic function and logic remains intact.

Figure 2.Hierarchy Struture of C&I

(6)

197 To collect data, the research used the

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method.

This has been described as “a growing family of approaches and methods to enable local (rural or urban) people to express, enhance, share and analyze their knowledge of life conditions, to plan and to act” [13]. PRA has also been called “an approach and method for learning about rural life and conditions from, with and by rural people” [13]. Using PRA method, the survey conducted including two steps: preliminary visits and group discussion.

Firstly, personal contacts with local staff working in forestry organizations such as the Department of Agriculture Development were made. Those people were requested to advice as in which communes and hamlets meeting the above criteria were existed. Some basic information, therefore, was highlighted.

Using this information, the team members sat together and screened each site for further consideration. A plan of preliminary visits to the pre-selected sites was then designed.

Arrangements including contact with local staff to confirm the date and the length of visits were made.

Secondly, group discussion was taken place.

The approach of the study started from a blank sheet of paper and draw up an economic set of C&I from scratch with the local stakeholders, by building a shared local vision of sustainable management of the forest focusing on the economical aspect and drawing from local knowledge and insights.

A set C&I is built by local people through group discussions. After 12 discussions in 12 hamlets, if the frequency of C&I presents equal or larger than 50%, this C&I will be kept in the final C&I.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The final economic set of C&I built up by local people in Dinh Hoa district is presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Final Economic set of C&I

ECONOMIC BENEFITS ARE SUSTAINABLY MANAGED

C I

1.1 Economic benefits derived from forests are compatible with the sustainable capacity of the resource

1.1.1 Annually allowable volume and value of timber extracted

1.1.2 Annually allowable volume and value of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), including fuel wood for subsistence use

1.1.3 Value derived from forest recreation sites and tourism increases annually 1.2 The price of timber and NTFPs are effectively valued

1.2.1 The price system is clearly prescribed and appropriate with the forest products’ quality.

1.2.2 Forest products are sold in current price

1.2.3 The stable price of forest products is yearly maintained

1.2.4 The price forest products is enough to fulfil costs and keep their family 1.3 Life quality of forest dependent people are gradually improved

1.3.1 Income of local and forest dependent people steadily increases and matches the demand of subsistence expense, education and health care service

1.3.2 Number of direct and indirect employments in the forestry and related sectors 1.3.3 There are opportunities for local & forest dependent people to receive technology training 1.4 Sharing of economic benefits is fair and equitable by the stakeholders involved

1.4.1 All stakeholders are able to participate in forest resources, independently of gender age group, education and job characteristics

1.4.2 Mechanisms for the equitable sharing of the costs and benefits between local people and forest managers.

1.4.3 Forest resource exploiting tax system is reasonable 1.5 Efficient investment in forest

1.5.1 Appropriate amount of money invested in diversity of plant species adapted to local conditions (soil, climate, water, etc) to enhance productivity and economic value.

1.5.2 Suitable amount of money invested in logging equipments (saw, pulley, etc) to match forest conditions in order to reduce damage

(7)

198

ECONOMIC BENEFITS ARE SUSTAINABLY MANAGED

C I

1.5.3 Suitable amount of money invested in roads and log transportation means to cut down transporting costs and time and reduce impacts to other forests

1.5.4 Proper amount of money to the cover cost of maintaining the land as forest.

1.5.5 Appropriate amount of money invested in replanting after harvesting

1.6 The harvesting plan and process are compatible with sustainable forest management 1.6.1 Harvesting system and equipment are prescribed to match forest conditions in order to

reduce impact

1.6.2 The harvesting plan must specify areas, species, tree sizes, limits and volumes, frequency of extraction, spacing and location.

1.6.3 Minimize waste associated with harvesting and reduce damage to other forests 1.7 Existence of effective monitoring mechanisms

1.7.1 Illegal logging, hunting, grazing and clearing for farming are cut down and controlled 1.7.2 Silviculture prescriptions (pre-, during, and post-harvest) are being adhered to

1.7.3 Existence and implementation of conflict-resolution mechanisms for resolving economic disputes among forest stakeholders.

The type of forest allocation leads to different rights to exploit economic benefits from forests. Households having allocated production and protection forests are allowed to harvest the timber and NTFPs for sale and expenditure under the permission of the commune and district committee while households with allocated special use forests are not allowed to derive anything from the forests. They receive 100,000 VND/ha/year for preserving the forest only [14], [15]. This amount of money seems too low to meet their subsistence expenses. The different rights to exploit economic benefits from forests bring to significantly different opinion during the discussions.

Economics benefit derived from forests is the most important benefit that the local people care for. According to their opinions, the volume and value of timber and NTFPs should be allowably and reasonably extracted to make sure that these benefits will be retained for their future generations. People who owning production and protection forests emphasize these three indicators while people own special use forests don’t mention about indicator 1.1.1 and 1.1.2 because they are not allowed to derive anything from the forests.

The aim of special use forest preservation is for landscape protection, scientific research, biodiversity conservation and historical monument sites protection. Therefore, people owning special use forest choose only indicator 1.1.3 for these reasons.

In terms of pricing, local people complain that the true value of forest was underestimated

because only parts of the use value were taken into account. Some statements came out of the PRA discussions stated that in the past decades forests were considered as an infinite

"green gold" resource and exploited as much as possible through a centrally planned mechanism. Yearly cut was usually higher than the annual increment. In the timber price structure, there was no cost item associated with the value of timber as raw material.

Instead, an item of resource tax, which is much lower than the stumpage price, was used. As a result of incorrect resource valuation, most natural forests have been rapidly used up. What are called "natural forests" today, in fact, are only secondary forests which are poor in both species diversity and quality. Once more, the same assessments of local people with indictors 1.2.1 to 1.2.4 are repeated again. Local people in special use forest don’t mention about the price while almost people in the others consider these indicators as very important to include in the C&I set.

Criterion 1.3 is the only one where all indicators receive the high consensus of all participants. In fact, it is difficult for local people who have low education and professional skills to enjoy an official labor market. Moreover, aboriginal people living in remote regions are quite familiar with traditional customs. It is not easy to go to other regions to get a good job in another sector to earn money. Hence, job in the forest sector can help them to earn money to live and improve their life quality, so that it at

(8)

199 least matches the demand of subsistence

expense, education and health care service.

Only when they have enough money to feed their family, they will stop illegal logging.

Local people in special use forest areas also hope that they will be paid a reasonable compensation as well as get stable jobs in the future that encourage them to preserve the natural forests.

While the local people in production and protection forest focus on the indicator 1.4.2 and 1.4.3, the other ones in special use forest emphasize indicator 1.4.1. This assessment is entirely compatible with the currently practical conditions. The local people in production and protection forest have the right to make use of the timber and NTFPs.

Therefore, they care for the mechanism of sharing costs and benefits as well as for the resource tax system. The local people criticize that facing to high fees, high tax and low price is an actual challenge to improve life quality. They pointed out that these indicators highly relate to the indicators belonging to criteria 1.2 and 1.3. Nevertheless, the local people in special use forests call attention to the equitability in forest resource access.

Therefore, they mention indicator 1.4.3 only.

Criteria 1.5 “Efficient investment in forest” is the second criteria where almost indicators receive high consensus. More than half of the participants were from poor households. They could not invest themselves in seed planting, harvesting tools and equipments, transportation means, road construction, etc themselves.

Financial support from the government is expected in the near future.

Criteria 1.6 is highly assessed by local people in protection and production forest while people in special use forest have no ideas about this criterion. Two third of participants imply that without a sustainable harvest plan and process, the forest resource couldn’t avoid the negative impacts from exploiting activities.

The monitoring mechanism is considered as a week point of forest management in Dinh Hoa because of the lack of local participation in decision-making. The lack of local participation in decision-making means that local interests and insights are not taken into account. Local dwellers have been removed from forest areas even though they depend

heavily on the forests for subsistence. Past policy-makers perceived forest management as a process to protect forests from local dwellers, and to regard forests as a core of management. This has resulted in conflicts in resource use among local stakeholders.

Consequently, forests have been destroyed by illegal logging, hunting and grazing regardless of big efforts made by the state in terms of administrative punishment, law enforcement and propaganda. Many scholars relate these problems to the lack of adequate participation of local people in decision- making and badly structured institutional arrangements.

CONCLUSION

The findings from this study confirms that economic set of C&I for SFM suggested by local forest users are detailed and specific which are relevant to the local context and conditions. Overall, the final C&I practically reflect changes of local forest users from perception to action. Hence, they not only focus on the economic benefits derived from the forest but also concern about how to reduce the harmful impacts to the forest during harvesting and exploiting forest resources. Reasonable harvesting, equitable sharing and suitable process are considered as criteria for SFM. However, the lack of local people voice in forest management process for a long time leads to the lack of management aspects reflected in final economic set of C&I. There is not any criterion or indicator representing for forest comprehensive management plan, management objective, the effective monitoring and control systems related to economic aspects. In addition, the different types of forest allocated to local people lead them to the different perceptions of SFM.

This is the right time for this suggestion to be integrated in the policy decision making.

This research demonstrates the necessity of the local people’s involvement in attempts to develop more sustainable approaches to forest management. Results show that a ‘bottom-up’

approach of local-level C&I development increases relevance compared to FSC set of C&I applying as national set of C&I in Viet Nam because communities define sustainability

(9)

200

differently from each other and from experts, requiring an unique set of progress measures.

Increased relevance may lead to increased interest and motivation of local people to become involved in research, management, and monitoring. The study also demonstrates that a C&I strategy can be applied in aboriginal communities to give expression to local knowledge, practices and beliefs, and to assess forest management as it relates to culture, land use and community development.

REFERENCES

1. Erin sherry, Regine Halseth, Gail Fondahl, Malanie Karjaila and Beverly Leon (2006), “Local-level Criteria and Indicators: an Aboriginal Perspective on Sustainable Forest Management”, An International Journal of Forest Research, Volume 78, Issue 5, pp. 513–539.

2. Ewald Rametsteiner, Markku Simula (2003), “Forest certification—an instrument to promote sustainable forest management?”, Journal of Environmental Management, 67, pp. 87–98.

3. Bill Ritchie Cynthia McDougall Mandy Haggith Nicolette Burford de Oliveira (2000), Criteria and Indicators of Sustainability in Community Managed Forest Landscapes: An Introductory Guide; Center for International Forestry Research Bogor, Indonesia.

4. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2017), Vietnam’s forest coverage ratio reaches over 41%, http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/

environment/198510/vietnam-s-forest-coverage-ratio- reaches-over-41-.html.

5. General statistics office of Viet Nam (2018), Social and economic situation in 2017, Ha Noi.

6. General statistics office of Viet Nam (2017), Preliminary results of the rural, agricultural and fishery census in 2016, Ha Noi.

7. Nguyen Thi Dieu (2014), “Several assessment on the role of forestry in the national economy”, Journal of Forestry Science and Technology, 1, tr. 97-102.

8. Larocque Guy R. (2016), Ecological forest management handbook, Taylor and Francis Group.

9. Forest Stewardship Council, FSC Forest Stewardship Council - Facts & Figures, truy cập tại https://ic.fsc.org/

file-download.facts-figures-july-2017.a-2020.pdf, truy cập ngày 18/5/2018.

10. Statistics Office of Thai Nguyen (2017), Statistical Yearbook of Thái Nguyên province 2016, Thai Nguyen.

11. Prime Minister (2007), Decission No. 1134/QD-TTg of August 21, 2008, Appoving the Scheme on Forest Protection and Development in Dinh Hoa Safety Zone, Thai Nguyen province, in the 2008-2020 period.

12. Mendoza, G.A., Macoun, P., Prabhu, R., Sukadri, D., Purnomo, H., Hartanto (1999), Guidelines for applying multi-criteria analysis to the assessment of criteria and indicators, Criteria and Indicators Toolbox Series No.9. Bogor, Indonesia, CIFOR.

13. RobertChambers (1994), “Participatory rural appraisal (PRA): Analysis of experience”, World Development, Volume 22, Issue 9, pp.1253-1268, 14. Prime Minister (2007), Decision No. 100/2007/QD- TTg on revision and amendment of some articles of Decision 661/QD-TTg dated 29 July 1998 on objectives, tasks, policies, and implementation arrangements of the 5 Million Hectare Reforestation Programme, on 6 July 2007.

15. Prime Minister (2006), Decision No. 210/2006/QD- TTg of September 12, 2006, promulgating principles, criteria and norms for allocation of development investment funds from state budget capital sources in the 2007-2010 period.

TÓM TẮT

XÂY DỰNG BỘ TIÊU CHÍ VÀ CHỈ SỐ KINH TẾ PHÙ HỢP

ĐỂ ĐÁNH GIÁ QUẢN LÝ RỪNG BỀN VỮNG Ở HUYỆN ĐỊNH HÓA

Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hà^*, Phạm Việt Hương Trường Đại học Kỹ thuật công nghiệp – ĐH Thái Nguyên

Trong hai thập kỷ qua, các bộ tiêu chí và chỉ tiêu được xây dựng đã trở thành những công cụ để nâng cao công tác quản lý rừng bền vững. Các phương pháp tiếp cận từ trên xuống được sử dụng chủ yếu để đo lường sự thành công của quản lý rừng. Các bộ tiêu chí và chỉ số chủ yếu được xây dựng ở cấp quốc gia để mô tả và giám sát tình trạng và xu thế quản lý rừng nên không nắm bắt được nhiều tiêu chí và chỉ số quan trọng đối với người dân địa phương, những người có kinh nghiệm trong quản lý rừng đầu tiên và có những định nghĩa về sự bền vững theo cách của riêng họ. Khái niệm tiêu chí và chỉ số về quản lý rừng bền vững đòi hỏi phải phù hợp với các cấp địa phương. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện tại huyện Định Hoá, tỉnh Thái Nguyên. Sử dụng phương pháp tiếp cận từ dưới lên có sự tham gia của người dân địa phương, nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích xây dựng một bộ các tiêu chí và chỉ số kinh tế phù hợp để quản lý rừng bền vững ở cấp địa phương áp dụng cho việc quản lý bền vững rừng nhiệt đới. Bộ tiêu chí và chỉ số kinh tế xây dựng được bao gồm bảy tiêu chí và 24 chỉ số, được sử dụng như là một gợi ý cho các nhà hoạch định chính sách trong việc xây dựng các tiêu chí và chỉ số cho quản lý rừng bền vững ở Việt Nam có tính đến tiếng nói và sự lựa chọn của người dân địa phương.

Từ khoá: Tính bền vững; quản lý rừng; tiêu chí và chỉ số kinh tế; cách tiếp cận tham dự; rừng nhiệt đới.

Ngày nhận bài: 12/4/2018; Ngày phản biện: 15/5/2018; Ngày duyệt đăng: 29/6/2018

*Tel: 0915210812; Email: hanguyen@tnut.edu.vn

(10)

oµ

soT T¹p chÝ Khoa häc vµ C«ng nghÖ

SOCIAL SCIENCE – HUMANITIES – ECONOMICS

Content Page

Hoang Thi Phuong Nga - Literature tourism model “the old Vu Dai village” 3

Pham Thi Thu Hoai, Tran Thi Thanh - Slang in Van Thanh Le's stories about education problems 9 Ngo Thi Thanh Nga, Pham Thi Hong Van - A brief description of the modes of expressing conjugal

sentiments in the Vietnam medieval literature 15

Nguyen Thi Tham, Nguyen Minh Son - The opposite view of Nguyen Ngoc Tu to Vietnamese traditional

literature via the main female characters in Khong ai qua song 21

Dang Thi Thuy, Nguyen Dieu Thuong - The logic of “non logic” phenomenon in Vietnamese folk verses, proverbs 27 Dinh Thi Giang - Factors affecting current lifestyle of Vietnamese people in the northern delta 33 Nguyen Dieu Thuong, Nguyen Thi Lan Huong - Mechanisms creating implication in satirical jokes 39 Nguyen Thu Quynh, Vi Thi Hien - Household vocabulary of Thai language in Dien Bien province 45 Nguyen Thi Thu Oanh, Hoang Thi My Hanh - Position, role of the communist party of Vietnam in the period

1954 – 1975 and some lessons learned 51

Do Hang Nga, Pham Quoc Tuan - Collection of taxes in the villages through material of reformist village

convention in Thai Nguyen province 57

Le Van Hieu - The efficiency of the model "propaganda department" in communes, wards, township and

"commander" in villages, cities at the current period in Lao Cai province 63 Thai Huu Linh, Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha - The role of the rear Bac Thai in the 1968

general offensive 69

Pham Anh Nguyen - The attraction in “Hai dam” of Phan Khoi 73

Nguyen Thi Huong, Nguyen Thi Mao, Nguyen Tuan Anh - Enhancing the efficiency of extracurrucular

activities in teaching civic education at high schools in thai nguyen city these days 79 Nguyen Van Dung, Dao Ngoc Anh - Physical status of non-sports students at Thai Nguyen University of Education 85 Tran Bao Ngoc, Le Ngoc Uyen, Bui Thanh Thuy et al - The reality of degree classification in non-

examination students at University of Medicine and Pharmacy – Thai Nguyen University in the period from

2013 to 2017 91

Nguyen Thuc Canh - The need for buiding an exercise system with practical content to teach mechanics

to high school 97

Ha Thi Kim Linh, Chu Thi Bich Hue - Educate legal knowledge for ethnic minority women in Vo Nhai

district, Thai Nguyen province 105

Nguyen Thi Thanh Hong, Nguyen Thi Khanh Ly, Vu Kieu Hanh - Improve students’ participation in English learning activities in large mixed ability classes of the freshman students at Thai Nguyen University of

Medicine and Pharmacy 111

Pham Thi Huyen, Vu Thi Thuy - Manipulate exemplary style according to the President Ho Chi Minh’s

thought in building work style for key caders at present period 117 Dam Quang Hung - Science lesson planning for grade 4, 5 according to experimental research 123 Hoang Thi Thu Hoai - Difficulties in teaching and learning ESP vocabulary for nursing students at Thai

Nguyen Medical College and some solutions 129

Nguyen Lan Huong, Van Thi Quynh Hoa - Determinants affecting English speaking performance of the first-

year students at Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry 135

Journal of Science and Technology

183 (07)

N¨m

2018

(11)

Vu Kieu Hanh - Determinants to the reading comprehension performance level of the second- year students at

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry 141

Nguyen Thi Que, Hoang Thi Nhung - Asking the right question for successful self-studying and cooperative

learning - towards independent language learners in the context of ASEAN community and global integration 147 Ngo Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu - Apply interactive teaching methods to improve the quality of

teaching and learning Vietnamese to international students at Military Technical Academy 153 Duong Van Tan - An assessment of the effectiveness in application of games in general physical development

for students at Thai Nguyen University of Technology 159

Bui Thi Huong Giang - Improving intercultural communicative competence in foreign language teaching

and learning 165

Tran Hoang Tinh, Nong La Duy, Pham Van Tuan - Building self-managed platoon in disciplinary education

for students at the center for defense and security education in the current phase 171 Tran Thi Yen, Khong Thi Thanh Huyen - Improving academic writing performance for english majors

through intensive reading 177

Do Thi Hong Hanh, Hoang Mai Phuong - Vocational training for rural workers in Cho Moi district, Bac

Kan province 183

Tran Thuy Linh, Tran Luong Duc, Nguyen Thi Thuy Trang - European union competition law approach on

exploitative abuses 189

Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha, Pham Viet Huong - Setting up an appropriate set of economic criteria and indicators

for evaluating sustainable forest management in Dinh Hoa district 195

Dinh Thi Hoai - Marketing promotion for information - library product and service at the Learning Resource

Center of Thai Nguyen University 201

Nguyen Thi Thanh Xuan - Factors affecting customer satisfaction in hotels at Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam 207 Duong Thi Tinh - Contributions of goods export to the economic growth of Yen Bai province 213 Le Minh Hai, Tran Viet Khanh - Tourism space organization of Thai Nguyen province 219 Ha Van Vuong - Apply the ergonomics theory in working environment organization at the office of Song Cong

grarment branch II – TNG Investment and Trading Joint Stock Company 227

Mai Anh Linh, Nguyen Thi Minh Anh - Assessing service quality and customer satisfaction: an empirical

study at Lan Chi supermarket, Thai Nguyen city 233

Dinh Hong Linh, Nguyen Thu Nga, Nguyen Thu Hang - Applying logarithmic function to evaluate the

business efficiency of Vietnam banks 239