Unit 10: Healthy lifestyle and longevity
A. PHONETICS
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. studies B. business C. functions D. numbers 2. A. nurse B. films C. stops D. coughs 3. A. language B. program C. England D. applicant 4. A. English B. French C. American D. Celtic
5. A. China B. Latin C. skin D. pronunciation II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. happen B. visit C. travel D. develop 2. A. offer B. listen C. precede D. follow 3. A. interview B. appropriate C. employ D. describe 4. A. support B. fascinate C. accept D. believe 5. A. inform B. appeal C. attempt D. hesitate B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR
I. Use the words given in the box to complete the sentences.
anti-ageing anti-acne prescription immune nutritious expectancy meditation healthy sugar - free stress - free 1. My doctor said that these natural remedies can boost my ______ system.
2. One of the main responsibilities of a dietitian is to promote ______ and balanced diets.
3. ________ drinks are better for your teeth and general health.
4. In addition to a nutritious diet, a _________ lifestyle can boost your health and increase your life expectancy.
5. The development of effective medicines has contributed to the increase in the average life ___________ in some countries.
6. An hour of ____________ can help you to relieve your stress.
7. Some people believe that ____________ foods can make them younger.
8. Home-made ___________ masks based on fruits are completely natural and inexpensive.
9. Doctors should use more legible handwriting when giving _____________.
10. Some people believe that keeping a diary of daily activities is one simple way to help you to stay _____________.
II. Choose the correct words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. Antibacterial / Meditation takes many forms, but its core is the ability to control the mind and quieten it down.
2. Learning is the most fundamental brain workout / cholesterol-free - and the more you do it, the more you'll benefit.
3. Research for more recent periods shows a surprising and continuing improvement in life expectancy / oil-free among those aged 80 or above.
4. Many individuals through the ages realised there was a very important link
between health, exercise, fitness, meditation, intelligence and longevity / anti-glare.
5. A research suggests that Tai Chi may also slow ageing / fat-free by boosting a certain type of stem cell.
6. Bird's nest soup brings overall benefit to the immune system / alcohol-free and it gives you glowing skin.
7. Widespread gardening provides an opportunity for exercise, sunlight and nutritious / consumption food for people in Okinawa, Japan.
8. The first step in boosting / continuing Nagano's life span was a campaign to reduce salt consumption and promote a healthier diet and lifestyle.
III. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line.
1. In the United States, if a food contains less than 0.5 grams of fat in a _____, it can be labeled fat-free. (SERVE)
2. Try to avoid glaring on your computer from windows and lights, and use an anti- acne screen if _______. (NEED)
3. It's all about their diet and ________ that people in the Longevity Hot Spots have already found the secrets of the anti-ageing process. (LIFE)
4. Men should drink no more than four units in any one day and have at _______
two alcohol-free days a week. (LESS)
5. Studies have shown that our overuse of ___________ ingredients has helped to create new resistant bacteria. (BACTERIAL)
6. Although it's impossible to control all the factors involving your skin, you can take measures to reduce the problem with the anti-glare ______ at home. (TREAT) 7. After rinsing your face, if your face feels dry, apply a(n) oil-free __________.
(MOISTURE)
8. Perhaps the key to a stress-free ____________ is not to remove the cause of the stress, but rather to improve one's response to stress. (EXIST)
9. Kidney beans, almonds, sunflower seeds and walnuts are all __________, cholesterol-free sources of protein, fiber and magnesium. (EXCELLENTLY) 10. Sugar-free foods can be helpful if you have diabetes and it is best to support overall wellness and blood sugar ____________. (REGULAR)
IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
1. She's going to the photographer's ____.
A. that her photograph be taken B. to have her photograph taking C. to have her photograph taken D. to have taken her photograph 2. The director has promised that ____ finds a solution to this particular problem will be well awarded.
A. who B. the one C. whoever D. anyone 3. In order to avoid bad eating habits, you'll have to replace unhealthy fat with more ____ food.
A. nutrition B. nutritional C. nutritious D. nutritive 4. If you're tired, even if you feel that you need to get more done, give yourself ____ to sleep.
A. request B. requirement C. permission D. permit 5. Bahrain's ____ closed up 10.09 points today at 2160.09.
A. stockbroker B. stock index C. stock exchange D. stock option
6. The student failed to meet the necessary ____ for admission to the course.
A. fulfillments B. qualities C. aptitudes D. requirements 7. ____ cholesterol is a byproduct of the fat that are found in animal-based foods like eggs, dairy products and meat.
A. Diet B. Dietary C. Meal D. Food
8. After ____, people feel more refreshed and alert.
A. meditation B. attention C. determination D. prescription 9. Come and see me when you ____ your report.
A. finish B. finished C. will finish D. had finished 10. ____ my great surprise, almost everyone agreed ____ him.
A. For - to B. At - from C. To - with D. In - of
11. Living to an average of 83 years old, Japan is the nation with the highest ____
in the world.
A. lifetime B. lifework C. life force D. life expectancy 12. Make sure the ____ for your glasses or contact lens is up-to-date and adequate for computer use.
A. medicine B. prescription C. size D. introduction 13. By cutting down trees we ____ the natural habitat of birds and animals.
A. hurt B. harm C. damage D. injure 14. The doctor has advised ____ less coffee.
A. me drink B. I will drink C. me drinking D. me to drink 15. Whole grains are high in fiber and contain a variety of ____ that support healthy blood sugar levels.
A. nutrition B. nutrients C. nutritionists D. nutritious 16. Good ____, controlling calorie intake and physical activity are the only way to maintain a healthy weight.
A. nutrient B. nutrition C. malnutrition D. nutritionists 17. The High Street is so narrow that the council have decided to ____ it.
A. extend B. widen C. increase D. lengthen 18. I'm very glad to hear that you share my ____ in Spanish music.
A. enjoyment B. listening C. interest D. liking
19. My own ____ for health is less paperwork and more running barefoot through the grass.
A. routine B. treatment C. medicine D. prescription 20. The university graduates one of the highest percentages of registered dieticians and ____ in the world.
A. nutrition B. nutritious C. nutrients D. nutritionists C. READING
I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.
reach emphasis fraction traits adding purpose active socializing almost lifestyle
HIGHEST LIFE EXPECTANCY IN THE WORLD
Longevity hot spots are located in regions of different countries where people commonly lead (1) _______ lives past the age of 100. A blue zone is considered to be a "longevity oasis" and the people who live there are believed to have the longest life expectancy on Earth.
The longest living women were found in Okinawa, Japan. Another blue zone was discovered in the mountains of Sardinia, Italy where even men (2) ___ the age of 100 at an amazing rate, another was discovered on the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica in 2007. Only one of the blue zone is located in the United States. It was found when researchers who were staying in Loma Linda, California
discovered they suffered from a (3) ______ of the diseases that commonly kill people in other parts of the United States and throughout the developed world. The final blue zone was found on an expedition to the island of Ikaria, Greece where they have 50% lower rates of heart disease, 20% less cancer, and (4) ____ zero dementia - loss of memory.
What's their secret formula for (5) _________ another 10 healthy years?
Scientists focused on these longevity hot spots to answer that question and found that while it helps to have good genes, that's less than 30% of the equation. If you adopt the right (6) _________, they concluded the other 70% can be up to us.
Other (7) _______ the people living in the blue zones have in common include less stress and more (8) ________, strong (9) _______ on family, a fresh natural plant based diet, very little red meat and daily exercise. Leading their lives with a sense of (10) _______ was a big factor. It insures they look forward to getting up in the morning,
II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
In China, it is believed that tai chi can delay ageing and prolong life, increase flexibility, strengthen muscles and tendons, and aid in the treatment of heart disease, high blood (1) ____, arthritis, skin diseases, depression, cancer, and many other (2) ____.
(3) ____ of the research on tai chi has been done in older individuals in the area of balance and fall prevention. This area of (4) ____ is important because fall-
related injuries are the leading cause of death from injury and disability among older adults. Because tai chi movements are slow and deliberate (5) ____ shifts of body weight from one leg to the other in (6) ____ with upper body movements, it challenges balance and many have long assumed it helps improve balance and reduce fall frequency.
In a similar tai chi study of older adults, 54% of the subjects who practised tai chi attributed their improved (7) ____ of confidence to improved balance. One study looked at adults in their 60s and 70s who practised tai chi three times a week for 12 weeks (60-minute classes). After (8) ____ six weeks, statistically significant improvements were observed in balance, muscular strength, endurance, and
flexibility measures. Improvements in each of these areas increased (9) ____ after another 12 weeks.
The demands of living are stressful for adults of all ages. Although one cannot directly point to studies showing a reduction in stress from practising tai chi, the breathing, movement, and mental concentration required of individuals who practise tai chi may be just the distraction you need from your hectic (10) ____.
1. A. pressure B. ceremony C. request D. telling 2. A. bride B. regulations C. diseases D. notes 3. A. Almost B. Most C. The most D. Mostly 4. A. research B. boxe C. present D. war
5. A. through B. for C. in D. with
6. A. respect B. coordination C. stopping D. refusal 7. A. sense B. common C. marriage D. divorce
8. A. then B. as C. just D. that
9. A. father B. further C. farthest D. more 10. A. troubles B. problems C. lifestyle D. rounds
III. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Psychologists have debated a long time about whether a child's upbringing can give it the ability to do outstandingly well. Some think that it is impossible to develop genius and say that it is simply something a person is born with. Others, however, argue that the potential for great achievement can be developed. The truth lies somewhere between these two extremes.
It seems very obvious that being born with the right qualities from gifted parents will increase a child's ability to do well. However, this ability will be fully realized only with the right upbringing and opportunities. As one psychologist says, “To have a fast car, you need both a good engine and fuel”.
Scientists have recently assessed intelligence, achievement, and ability in 50 sets of identical twins that were separated shortly after birth and brought up by different parents. They found that achievement was based on intelligence, and later influenced by the child's environment. One case involving very intelligent twins was quoted. One of the twins received a normal upbringing, and performed well.
The other twin, however, was brought up by extremely supportive parents and given every possible opportunity to develop its abilities. That twin, though starting out with the same degree of intelligence as the other, performed even better. This case reflects the general principle of intelligence and ability. The more favorable the environment, the more a child's intelligence and ability are developed.
However, there is no link between intelligence and the socioeconomic level of a child's family. In other words, it does not matter how poor or how rich a family is, as this does not affect intelligence.
Gifted people cannot be created by supportive parents, but they can be
developed by them. One professor of music said that outstanding musicians usually started two or three years earlier than ordinary performers, often because their parents had recognized their ability. These musicians then needed at least ten years'
hard work and training in order to reach the level they were capable of attaining.
People who want to have very gifted children are given the following advice:
- Marry an intelligent person.
- Allow children to follow their own interests rather than the interests of the parents.
- Start a child's education early but avoid pushing the child too hard.
- Encourage children to play, for example, playing with musical instruments is essential for a child who wants to become an outstanding musician.
Question 1: The upbringing of highly intelligent children requires ____.
A. an expensive education B. good musical instruments C. parental support and encouragement D. wealthy and loving parents Question 2: The word "others" used in the first paragraph refers to____.
A. other people B. other scientists C. other children D. other geniuses Question 3: When scientists studied intelligence and ability in twins, they found that ____.
A. ability depends mainly on intelligence and achievement B. intelligence and development are irrelevant to ability C. ability depends both on intelligence and on environment D. different twins generally have different levels of ability Question 4: Scientists chose twins for their study because ____.
A. each twin has the same environment as his/her twin
B. they are born into the same family, hence the same upbringing C. they have the same economic background and hence the same opportunities
D. they have the same genetic background, usually with similar intelligence Question 5: How were great musicians different from ordinary musicians in their development?
A. Their ability was realized at an early stage and then nurtured.
B. They practice playing their instruments for many years.
C. They concentrated on music to the exclusion of other areas.
D. They were exceptionally intelligent and artistic.
Question 6: The remark: "To have a fast car, you need both a good engine and fuel." in the passage means that in order to become a genius ____.
A. you need to have good health and good nourishment B. you need intelligence and you need to develop it C. you should try to move quickly and efficiently
D. you must nourish your brain and train your muscles hard Question 7: All of the following statements are true EXCEPT ____.
A. a child's intelligence is influenced by that of his/her parents B. to become successful, a child needs both native intelligence and development
C. studying different twins is a useful scientific procedure
D. educational development depends completely on economic well-being.
D. WRITING
I. Change the following sentences to Indirect speech.
1. Mark said, "I went camping 5 days ago."
2. "If Brain doesn't train harder, I won't select him for the team" said the manager.
3. "Our correspondent in Paris sent this report some days ago" said the editor in- chief.
4. "How long have you been waiting here?" the girl asked me.
5. "Do not write on the wall" said the teacher to the boys.
6. “Take your place in the queue" the nurse said to the old man.
7. "How many jobs have you had since you left school?" the interviewer asked Jack.
8. "Why didn't you report the incident to the police last week?" the officer asked the frightened witness.
9. "Why hasn't Peter phoned?" she wondered.
10. "If I were you, I wouldn't trust Peter" she told John.
II. Change the following sentences to Indirect speech.
1. "I'll take you to the zoo tomorrow" my mother said to me.
2. Jane said to Bill "When do you expect to finish your assignment?"
3. The man said to the boy "Can you show me the way to the bank?"
4. The man asked the postman "Are there any letters for me today”
5. Henry said to the librarian "How many books can I borrow at a time"
6. John asked his friend "How did you manage to know my telephone number? “ 7. Rose said "I was just leaving for the office"
8. Ann asked her brother "What are you planning to do tomorrow?"
9. She asked her boyfriend "Is it true that your father fought in the last war?"
10. He said "I don't understand why she has refused to join us on the trip"
III. Change the following sentences to Indirect speech.
1. Tom said to me "If I have spare time, I will go fishing with you".
2. The teacher told us “If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we can go for a picnic."
3. "Unless you study harder, you will fail the exam" said his parents.
4. "If she goes to the party, she will have a lot of fun." said Peter.
5. "If you need help, I will be willing to help you with the difficult exercises" my sister said.
6. Linda said "I would have come to the party if I hadn't been so busy last week."
7. Tom told me "If I were you, I would look for another job."
8. My friend said to me "What would you do if someone gave you a million pounds?"
9. The gardener said "If I didn't water these plants yesterday, they could die."
10. The doctor said to the patient "You won't feel better unless you takes these medicine."
ĐÁP ÁN
A. PHONETICS
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.A
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D
B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR
I. Use the words given in the box to complete the sentences.
1. immune 6. anti-ageing
2. nutritious 7. anti-ageing
3. sugar-free 8. anti-acne
4. stress-free 9. prescription
5. expectancy 10. healthy
II. Choose the correct words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. meditation 2. workout 3. life expectancy 4. longevity 5. ageing 6. immune system 7. nutritious 8. boosting
III. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line.
1. serving 6. treatment
2. needed 7. moisturizer
3. lifestyle 8. existence
4. least 9. excellent
5. antibacterial 10. regulation
IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
1.C 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.C
6.D 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.C
11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15B
16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.D
C. READING
I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.
1. active 2. reach 3. fraction 4. almost 5. adding 6. lifestyle 7. traits 8. socializing 9. emphasis 10. purpose
II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D
6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.C
III. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.D
D. WRITING
I. Change the following sentences to Indirect speech.
1. Mark said he had gone camping 5 days before.
2. The manager said if Brain didn’t train harder, he wouldn’t select him for the team.
3. The editor in-chief said that their correspondent in Paris had sent that report some days before.
4. The girl asked me how long I had been waiting there.
5.The teacher to the boys not to write on the wall.
6. The nurse told the old man to take his place in queue.
7. The interviewer asked Jack how many jobs he had had since he left school.
8. The officer asked the frightened witness why he hadn’t reported the incident to the police the previous week.
9. She wondered why Peter hadn’t phoned.
10. She advised John not to trust Peter.
II. Change the following sentences to Indirect speech.
1. My mother told me that she would take me to the zoo the following day.
2. Jane asked Bill when he expected to finish his assignment.
3. The man asked the boy to show him the way to the bank.
4. The man asked the postman if there were any letters for him that day.
5. Henry asked the librarian how many books he could borrow at a time.
6. John asked his friend how he had managed to know his telephone number.
7. Rose said that she had just been leaving for the office.
8. Ann asked her brother what he was planning to do the following day.
9. She asked her boyfriend if it was true that his father had fought in the previous war.
10. He said he didn’t understand why she had refused to join them on the trip.
III. Change the following sentences to Indirect speech.
1. Tom told me that if he had spare time, she would go fishing with me.
2. The teacher told us if it didn’t rain the next day, they could go for a picnic.
3. His parents said unless he studied harder, he would fail the exam.
4. Peter said if she went to the party, she would have a lot of fun.
5. My sister said if I needed help, she would be willing to help me with the difficult exercises.
6. Linda said if she hadn’t been so busy the previous week, she would have come to the party.
7. Tom told me if he were me, he would look for another job.
8. My friend asked me what I would do if someone gave me a million pounds.
9. The gardener said if he didn’t water these plants the day before, they could die.
10. The doctor told the patient if he took those medicine, he would feel better.
