HOfIT DONG Onu TyTRlTC Tll'P NUOC NGOfll (FDI) CUfl PHfiP TAI VIET N A M
T h s . Vo Minh H u n g Dai hpc Ba Ria - Viing Tau Quan he giira Viet Nam va Phap da cd
mdt be day lich sir kha lau ddi, trai qua nhieu thang tram, de lai nhieu dau an va ngay nay, quan he giira hai nude dang duge thuc hien theo phuang cham khep lai qua khii de hudng tdi tuong lai nhu Chii tich nudc Tran Dire Luong da ndi: "Vugt qua moi thdng trdm lich sic, trdi qua nhieng ky niem vui vd budn, quan he hai ddt nude, hai ddn tpc chiing ta Id quan he cd truyen thdng lieh sie hdng trdm ndm. Tdi mudn bdy td vdi Tdng thdng vd nhdn ddn Phdp long mong mudn ciia nhdn ddn Id hay de ky niem budn ehi Id qud khie, cdn niem vui Id ciia ed qud khic, hien tgi vd ticang lai. Chimg ta ciing ehung mpt y kien, ciing hgp tde de xdy dieng mpt mdi quan he hiru nghi vd hgp tdc Idu ddi vi Igi ich cita nhdn ddn hai nudc Viet Nam vd Phdp"(l).
Nhd dd, mdi quan he hgp tae kinh te giiia hai nudc khdng ngimg duge phat trien va nang cao ea ve quy md \an chat lugng, dae biet trong ITnh vuc dau tu (FDI). Hien nay, Phap la ddi tae sd mdt trong cac nudc chau Au diu tu vao Viet Nam vdi tren 305 du an cd tdng sd vdn 2,94 ty USD, gdp phin thiic diy tang trudng kinh te eiia Viet Nam trong sudt thdi gian qua.
L TONG QUAN VE FDI CUA PHAP TAI VIET NAM
Phai ndi rang, cac nha dau tu ciia Phap cd mat tai Viet Nam rat sdm, ngay tir nhirng nam dau tien khi Luat Dau tu nudc ngoai ciia Viet Nam dugc ban hanh (1987). Trong hai nam (1988 - 1989), Phap da cd 12 du an diu tu tai Viet Nam vdi sd vdn 65 trieu USD.
Den nam 1992, tdng sd vdn FDI ciia Phap tai Viet Nam da tang 184 trieu USD vdi 28 du an (xem Bdng 1). Sir gia tang dot bien dd xuat phat tir cae cude hdi dam sau nhirng chuyen tham lan nhau ciia lanh dao hai nudc, dd la: chuyen tham Viet Nam ciia Bd trudng Ngoai giao Phap R.Dumas (23 - 26/2/1990) va chuyen tham Phap ciia Bd trudng Ngoai giao Nguyin Manh Cim (5/1992). Mat khac, ciing thdi gian nay, RFI ciia Phap ngay 2/7/1992 dua tin: "Viea qua Hpi ddng Gidi chii Phdp da md mpt phien hop tgi Paris ve vdn de ddu tu tgi Viet Nam. Trong phien hop ndy, dgi dien cita 25 gidi ehii Phdp da tdi du de trinh bdy nhieng kinh nghiem cita ho qua thdi gian ldm viee tgi Viet Nam... Ong nhdn mgnh rdng, trude vien cdnh lenh cdm van ciia Hoa Ky cd the dtegc bai bd trong nay mai, muc tieu trude mdt cita cdc nhd ddu tu Phdp la ldm sao tgo dtegc nhieng dieu kien tdi thieu de mpt xi nghiep cd the hogt ddng tgi Viet Nam" {2).
68 NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°02 (125).2011
Bang 1: So d y an va von dau tu cua Phap duoc cSp phep va dang hoat dong tai Viet Nam (Dan vi USD)
N a m
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 T9/2010
Tdng
Sd du an dang ky
4 8 5 8 8 18 23 18 18 28 29 23 19 19 28 18 18 27 25 22 47 32 23 468
So du an dang boat ddng
1 4 1 4 4 7 9 10
7 15 13 11 9 10 14 13 12 19 19 22 47 32 22 305
Tong von dau tu
15.422.901 50.224.370 6.301.351 6.392.572 55.371.709 134.666.466 133.025.437 152.257.696 83.536.719 942.563.169
34.680.000 50.241.448 11.750.178 499.219.470
8.525.000 18.596.308
7.025.500 20.703.800 36.105.500 184.005.000 632.524.828 89.101.012 13.306.297 2.941.345.770
Ngudn: Cue Ddu tie nude ngodi - Bp Ke hogch vd Ddu tu.
Nam 1993, chuyen tham chinh thuc ciia Tdng thdng Phap Francois Mitterrand lai la dip de cae ca quan, td chiic, doanh nghiep cua Phap sang Viet Nam true tiep tim hieu ca hdi dau tu, gap gd va dam phan vdi cac ddi tac. Nhd do ma nam 1993, Phap da cd tdi 18 du an dau tu vao Viet Nam dugc cap
phep, trong dd cd 7 du an dang boat ddng vdi tdng sd vdn dau tu la 134,7 trieu USD, tang gip 9 lan so vdi 1988, gin 3 lin so vdi 1992 (xem Bdng 1). Budc sang nam 1996, chi cd 7 du an dugc dua vao thuc hien vdi sd vdn 83,5 trieu USD, giam 45% so vdi nam 1995. Cd su giam siit dot ngpt nay la do nam 1996 Phap gap phai sir canh tranh eiia eae
7C)tUit itdng itun tu true tie'fi nu'oe ntpoui...
69
nha dau tu ed tiem lire vl vdn va cdng nghe khac nhu Nhat Ban, Han Quoc, Singapore...
Nhu da biet, nam 1996, nguon vdn FDI ciia Viet Nam tang dot ngpt len den 9,212 ty USD, dugc xem la dinh cao ciia dau tu nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam tir trudc den thdi diem do. Chinh nliiing thay ddi dd da tac ddng manh me va day Phap tir vi tri thir 3 nam
1993 xudng vi tri thir 9 nam 1996 trong tdng sd hon 50 nudc va viing lanh thd dau tu vao VietNam (3).
Budc vao nam 1997, trong khi hau het cac nudc khac deu giam lupng FDI vao Viet Nam thi sd du an va vdn FDI ciia Phap lai tang manh. Nguyen nhan chii yeu la do nam 1997, Tdng thdng Jacques Chirac sang tham Viet Nam nhan Hdi nghi cap cao lan thir VII Cdng ddng Phap ngii dien ra tai Ha Ndi, da khien cho mdi quan he hgp tac Viet - Phap duge nang len mdt tam eao mdi. Chi tinh rieng trong nam 1997, Phap da dau tu vao Viet Nam 943 trieu USD vdi 28 du an, tang gap 15 lan so vdi nam 1991, gap 11 lan nam 1996, ehilm 17,4% tdng vdn FDI vao Viet Nam (xem Bdng 2), dua tdng sd vdn FDI ciia Phap d Viet Nam len din 1,638 ty USD va dimg vi tri thii 6 trong sd cac nudc ed sd vdn dau tu vao Viet Nam. Trong sudt 3 nam 1998, 1999, 2000, do anh hudng eiia khimg hoang tai chinh - tiln te d chau A, cung nhu do nin kinh tl Phap gap khd khan, vdn diu tu vao Viet Nam ngay cang giam manh, tuong irng vdi cac nam la 35 trieu USD, 50 trieu USD, 12 trieu USD. Lan dau tien ngudn vdn diu tu ciia Phap thip hon nam 1988.
Nhin chung day la xu hudng chung ciia tat ea eae nudc diu tu vao Viet Nam. Tdng ngudn
vdn FDI ciia Viet Nam giam manh, chi cdn 2,575 ty USD (nam 1999) va 2,839 ty USD (nam 2000).
Nhung neu tinh tren dau du an, Phap tiep tuc giii vi tri la ddi tac sd mdt trong sd cae nudc chau Au va dung thir 6 trong tdng sd 60 nudc va vimg lanh thd dau tu vao Viet Nam vdi ban 100 du an dang boat ddng.
Tinh den nam 2000, Phap da cd 125 van phdng dai dien (chiem 4,5% trong tdng sd 2.800 van phdng nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam), 5 chi nhanh ngan hang, 5 van phdng luat su va kiem toan tai Viet Nam (4).
Ke tir nam 2004, vdn dau tu cua Phap tiep tue giam manh chi cdn 7 trieu USD, chi chiem 7% tdng vdn dau tu cua EU vao Viet Nam, dirng vi tri 3 trong sd cac nudc EU dau tu vao Viet Nam (xem Bdng 1). Klidng chi rieng vdn dau tu ciia Phap giam manh ma dudng nhu day la tinh hinh chung ciia tat ca cac nudc thanh vien EU. Cu the, nam 2000 vdn dau tu ciia Diic, Ha Lan, Anh tuong irng theo thir tu la 7,7 trieu USD, 618 trieu USD, 514,8 trieu USD thi din nam 2004 giam cdn 6 trieu USD, 48 trieu USD, 34,6 trieu USD.
Cd the de dang nhan thay, nguyen nhan ciia su giam sut vdn dau tu nude ngoai d Viet Nam eiia Phap ndi rieng va cac nudc ndi chung la do kinh te cac nudc trong nhirng nam nay dang gap khd khan, that nghiep ngay cang tang, tang trudng GDP ludn d muc dudi 2%, tham chi d mirc tham hut. Cu the nam 2002, tang trudng GDP ciia Dire, Phap, Anh tirong ung (0%, 0,9%, 1,1%) va nam 2003 tang trudng GDP ciia Dire (0,4%), Phap (0%) (xem Bdng 2).
70
NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°02 (125).2011Bang 2: Toe do tang truo'ng kinh te cua cac nudc EU {Dan vi (%)
E U 2 5 E U 1 5 Dire Tay Ban
Nha Phap
Italy Anh Hungary
1995 _ 2.3
1.3 2.7 1.5 2.1 2.7 3.1
1996 2.0
1.1 0.4 2.6 0.5 1.4 2.7 3.0
1997 1.9 2.2 1.3 3.4 2.0 1.4 2.6 2.9
1998 3.2 2.7 2.1 4.1 2.9 2.0 3.2 5.7
1999 2.5 2.7 1.7 4.0 2.8 1.3 2.5 5.4
2000 3.6 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.6 5.1
2001 1.2 1.5 0.8 2.2 1.3 1.3 1.7 2.4
2002 1.1 0.5 0.0 1.4 0.9 1.9 Ll 4.8
2003 0.6 0.5 -0.4
2.1 0.0 -0.6
1.7 2.3
2004 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 0.6 2.8 4.4 Ngudn: The European Union Worldtrade, http://www, euruion.ors/profde/EUUSStals.htm
Budc vao nam 2005, dau tu eiia Phap bat dau tang trd lai vdi sd vdn 20 trieu USD.
Nam 2006 Phap ed den 25 du an dang ky mdi, tdng sd vdn dau tu la 36 trieu USD, chiem 13% tdng vdn dau tu ciia EU vao Viet Nam. Nhu vay, tinh den het nam 2006, Phap da cd 346 du an dang ky va 178 du an dang boat ddng vdi tdng vdn dau tu ban 2,2 ty USD, chiem khoang 4%o trong tdng vdn FDI eua Viet Nam, dimg vi tri thir 8 trong sd cac nudc va vimg lanh thd dau tu vao Viet Nam (xem Bdng 1).
Tinh hinh tuong ddi kha quan ddi vdi dau tu ciia Phap vao Viet Nam, nam 2008, sd vdn dau tu ciia Phap da tang len din 632 trieu USD, gap 30 lan so vdi nam 2005 va gap gan 4 lan so vdi nam 2007. Tinh den cudi thang 9 nam 2010, sd vdn dau tu ciia Phap vao Viet Nam da dat gin 3 ty USD, dung thii 2 EU sau Ha Lan (5 ty USD) va thii 15 tren the gidi. Qua day cd the tin dau tu cua Phap se tiep tuc tang trong nhimg nam tdi.
II. Sir PHAN BO FDI CUA PHAP TAI VIET NAM
1. FDI cua Phap tai Viet Nam phan theo hinh thirc
Tinh den cudi thang 9/2010, FDI eiia Phap d Viet Nam duge thuc hien ehii yeu dudi hinh thiic hgp tac lien doanh, vdi 84 du an va tdng sd vdn la 1,086 trieu USD, chiim 37% tdng vdn dau tu ciia Phap vao Viet Nam (Bdng 3), trong do rat nhieu du an cd vdn dau tu Idn nhu cac du an: Cdng ty lien doanh khach san Cot cd Thii Ngu (76 trieu USD), khach san Thdng nhit Metropole Sofitel (47,8 trieu USD), khach san Hilton d thanh pho Hd Chi Minh (81 trieu USD) (4). Day la hgp tae hai ben ciing gdp vdn theo mdt ty le nhat dinh de thanh lap mdt xi nghiep mdi, cd hdi ddng quan tri va ban giam dde dilu hanh rieng. Cdng ty lien doanh dugc chia Igi nhuan va chia se riii ro theo von gdp. Thdng qua hinh thiic nay, vdi tiem lire manh me vl khoa hpc, kT thuat va cdng nghe, tai chinh ciia cac cdng ty Phap ket hgp vdi gia nhan
Wf)ut ittutg ituu tu tiue tieft itiitfe ni/xmi.
71
edng re d Viet Nam nhim ha gia thanh san xuat va nang cao tinh canh tranh cua san pham.
Hinh thirc ed nhieu du an dau tu dirng thii hai ciia Phap la hgp ddng hgp tac kinh doanh. Hinh thirc nay chi thu hut 7 du an, nhung lai chiem den 21 %o tdng sd vdn dau tu cua Phap (xem Bdng 3, Bieu do 1). Phia Phap cd cac du an vdi sd vdn dau tu Idn nhu du an xay dung 540.000 dudng day dien thoai d thanh phd Hd Chi Minh vdi sd vdn 467 trieu USD ma Tdng cdng ty Bun ehinh Vien thdng Viet Nam ky vdi France Telecom. Day la du an dau tu Idn nhat ciia Phap d Viet Nam eho tdi thdi diem nay [49, tr.49].
Hinh thiic 100% vdn dau tu nudc ngoai chiem 20% sd vdn va thudng dugc thuc hien bdi cae ngan hang ciia Phap dau tu vao Viet Nam nhu Banque Indosuez, Credit Lyormais, Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP), Banque
Francaise du Conmerce Exterieur (BFCE)...
nhiing du an nay thudng cd quy md nhd (khoang 15 trieu USD/du an), nhung boat ddng tuong ddi hieu qua d Viet Nam.
Ngoai cac hinh thirc dau tu chii yeu tren, hien nay phia Phap cdn dau tu vao Viet Nam dudi hinh thiic cdng ty cd phan vdi sd vdn dang ky ban 15 trieu USD (xem Bdng 3).
Day la hinh thiic rat mdi ddi vdi FDI d Viet Nam, theo quy dinh ciia Luat Dau tu, tir ngay 22/5/2003, cac doanh nghiep 100% vdn nudc ngoai va doanh nghiep lien doanh cd the ehuyen ddi thanh cdng ty ed phan vdi dieu kien da gdp du vdn phap dinh theo giay phep dau tu va da chinh thiic hoat ddng dugc 3 nam, nam cudi cimg phai ed lai va mdt sd dieu kien lien quan den cd ddng ciia cac cdng ty nay. Phap chiem khoang 5% tdng sd vdn dau tu ciia Viet Nam theo hinh thiic edng ty cd phan.
Bieu do L Dau tu ciia Phap vao Viet Nam theo cac hinh thuc (Tie ngdy 01/01/1998 din ngdy 30/09/2010)
20%
21%-
37%
• 100% vonnu'O'c ngoai
H Lien doanh
• Hap d6ng hcyp tac kinh doanh
H BOT
H Cong tyco phan
Ngudn: Cue Ddu tu nudc ngodi - Bp Ke hogch vd Ddu tu.
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NGHIEN COU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°02 (125).2011Bdng 3: Dau t u cua Phap vac Viet Nam theo hinh thuc (Tir ngay 01/01/1988 din ngdy 30/9/2010)(Dan vi: USD)
TT 1 2
-1
4 5
Hinh thiic dau tu Lien doanh
Hgp ddng hgp tac kinh doanh
100% vdn nudc ngoai Hgp ddng BOT. BT. BTO Cdng ty cd phan
Tong cpng
Sd du- an
84 7 205 1 8 305
Tdng vdn dau t u (USD) 1.086,126.518
619,139,982 602,913.493 486.895.473 146.270.304 2,941,345,770
Von dieu le (USD) 345.778,277 618,139.018 308.725.293 140.000.000 127.344.516 1,539,987,104
"" •••- Ngudn: Cue Ddu tie nicdc ngodi - Bp Ke hogch vd Ddu tu
2. FDI eua Phap tai Viet Nam phan vao san xuat cdng nghiep. chiem chii yeu theo nganh 181 du an. tdng so vdn dang ky la 936 trieu
Trong sudt giai doan tir 1988 din thang USD. Cac du an nay da thu hut mdt lupng cudi thang 9/2010. cac du an d i u tu ciia Phap Ion lao ddng tai cac dia ban boat ddng doanh vao Viet Nam chu >iu tap trung vao ITnh \'ii'c nghiep, tan dung dugc gia nhan cdng re va cdng nghiep nhu cdng nghiep nang. cdng ngudn nguyen lieu ddi dao. gdp phan nang nghiep nhe. xay dung, thuc pham vdi 181 du cao nang luc san xuat eiia nganh edng nghiep an cd tdng sd \ d n dang ky len tdi 936 trieu Viet Nam. Di d i u trong sd cac cdng ty ciia USD. chiem ty trpng Idn nhit v l sd dir an \ a ph^p (j^^ tu vao cdng nghiep la tap doan vdn dau tu so \d\ tdng sd du an va tdng sd
\'dn dang ky t u a n g irng la 59%. 32%. Tiep den la ITnh \i,rc dich \u vdi 102 du an. chiem 3 3 % sd du an \'a tdng sd vdn dang ky la 1.78 ty USD, chiem 60% \e vdn dau tu. Sd du an dau tu \ a o nganh ndng nghiep. lam nghiep it hon. chi cd 22 du an vdi tdng sd \'dn thap 215 trieu USD. chiem 7% tdng sd \ d n dang ky. Thirc te dd chirng to qu}- md \'dn dau tu d ITnh vu'c na\' tuang ddi nhd (xem Bang 4).
Neu nhu dau tir ciia Dai Loan.
Singapore \ a o Viet N a m chu }eu hudng \ a o cac ngaiili dich M,I. khach san. nha hang \ a du lich thi dau tu cua Phap tap trung chii }eu
Boas Bon vdi cac du an nhu edng ty TNHH Mia dudng d Tay Ninh vdi vdn dau tu 113 trieu U S D . du an san xuat niia dudng d Gia Lai \'di vdn dau tu la 25.6 trieu USD (4).
Cdng nghiep xay dirng va van tai chi cd 16 dir an vdi tdng sd vdn dang ky chi 57 trieu USD. bang 9% so vdi cdng nghiep nang {xem Bang 4). Cac du an: Xay dung he thdng sieu thi Cora tai Ddng Nai vdi vdn dau tu la 54 trieu U S D ; Dai sieu thi An Lac tai Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh \6i \ d n dau tu 35 trieu USD dugc cap phep nam 1997: Sieu thi Thang Long tai Ha Ndi. cap phep nam 1999.
\ d n 30 trieu USD (4).
TCeut Jt^ngiTdu tu trt/e tiefi ttude ngxJui... 73
Bdng 4: Dau tu ciia Phap vao Viet Nam theo nganh (Tie ngdy:01/01/1988 din ngdy: 30/9/2010) (Dan vi: USD) So
TT
I
II
III
Chuyen nganh Cong nghiep
San xuat, phan phoi dien, khi, nudc
Cong nghiep che bien, che tao Hoat dong chuyen mon, KHCN Xay dung
Van tai kho bui Nong- lam nghiep
Nong lam, thuy san Dich vu - Tong ho'p
Thong tin va buu chinh vien thong
Dich vu khac
Dv luu trii va an uong Kinh doanh bat dong san Ban budn, ban le
Tai chinh, ngan hang, bao hiem Y te va trg giiip xa hoi
Nghe thuat va giai tri
Hanh chinh va dich vu ho trg Giao due va dao tao
Tong so
So dy an 181
6 111 48 8 8 22 22 102 35 4 17 4 17 6 4 7 3 5 305
Tong von dau tu- 936.325.769 505.336.874 355.638.866 17.876.370 12.621.028 44.852.631 215.170.744 215.170.744 1.789.849.257 677.384.425 524.390.000 175.366.386 142.841.300 111.010.542 93.768.726 33.815.000 25.052.448 5.250.000 970.430 2.941.345.770
Von thu'c hien 381,235,608
159.221.874 177.878.424 9.232.731 5.485.555 29.417.024 157.471.501 157.471.501 1.001.279.995 641.925.625 82.030.000 70.952.788 36.580.971 66.152.599 81.068.726 11.772.000 9.366.156 1.070.000 361.130 1.539.987.104 Ngudn: Cite Ddu tu nude ngodi - Bd Ke hogch vd Ddu tu
Bieu do 2. Dau t u cua Phap vao Viet Nam phan theo nganh (Tie ngdy 01/01/1988 din ngdy 30/09/2010)
[D Cong nghiep
• Nong - Lam nghsef
Ngudn: Cue Ddu tie nude ngodi - Bp Ke hogch vd Ddu tie.
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NGHIEN CLfu CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°02 (125).2011Bdng 5: Dau tu true tiep cua Phap phan theo dia phucng
(Tie ngay 01/01/1988 din ngdy 30/9/2010) (Dan vi: USD)
TT 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Dia phuong Ba Ria-Viing Tau TP Ho Chi Minh HaNoi
Quang Nam Ddng Nai Tay Ninh Binh Duong Hai Phdng Long An Binh Thuan Bac Ninh Hung Yen Da Nang Tra Vinh Gia Lai Khaiili Hda Lam Ddng An Giang Ninh Thuan can Tha Lao Cai Hai Duang Binh Dinh Ben Tre Yen Bai Hda Binh Phil Yen Quang Ninh Thira Thien-Hue Ddng Thap Phu Thp Kien Giang
Tong cpng
Sd du- an
8 110 71 8 19 2 24
J
5 7
5 2 1 6 5 1 1 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 305
Tong vdn dau tu (USD) 1.070.195.128
852.696.377 331.285.029 127.636.447 121.566.291 120.536.153 57.714.613 37.403.500 29.510.000 25.115.800 22.252.941 18.400.000 15.205.712 15.150.000 14.000.000 13.698.657 10.521.391 8.800.000 8.500.000 7.337.600 7.200.000 6.750.000 6.000.000 5.000.000 3.200.000 2.000.000 2.000.000 700.000 670.000 187.500 60.000 52.631 2.941.345.770
Vdn dilu le (USD) 271.416.229 766.370.780
132.180.327 49.727.433 48.394.122 112.829.680 32.153.611 15.188.500 13.110.000 8.224.800 10.202.941 12.500.000 15.205.712 1.030.000 7.000.000 9.222.550 3.903.058 2.800.000 6.000.000 5.437.600 4.987.630 2.150.000 2.000.000 5.000.000 20.000 625.000 1.000.000 350.000 657.000 187.500 60.000 52.631 1.539.987104
Ngudn: Cue Ddu tu nudc ngodi - Bp Ke hogch vd Ddu tu
'3Ct)at ittmg^u tut,'tie tie'fL nude ngtmi.
75Linh vuc dieh vu - tdng hgp thu hut 102 du an vdi tdng sd vdn diu tu 1,7 ty USD, trong dd rieng thdng tin va buu chinh vien thdng ed 35 du an vdi tdng sd vdn diu tu dang ky 677 trieu USD (xem Bdng 4). Day la ITnh vuc ma qua do Viet Nam cd dieu kien tiep thu khoa hpe edng nghe mdi, cd dugc dpi ngii can bd dugc dao tao ve ky thuat, nghiep vu quan ly qua do tao dieu kien thuan loi cho nen kinh te qudc dan nhanh chdng hdi nhap kinh te khu virc va the gidi. Ddng thdi day ciing la ITnh vue Phap cd kha nang thu hdi vdn nhanh va cd the manh vdi cac hang vien thdng hang dau the gidi nhu France Telecom, Actel... Phap hien gid cd 10 du an dau tu vao ITnh vuc khach san - dich vu vdi tdng sd vdn dau tu la 139 trieu USD, sdm nhat phai ke den khach san Metropole nam 1989, vdi vdn dau tu 47,8 trieu USD. Tiep den nam 1993, Tdng cdng ty Nha dat va Xay dung thuc hien du an xay dung kinh doanh khach san Hilton - Opera vdi vdn dau tu 64,3 trieu USD, du an khach san Sofitel Da Lat la 40 trieu USD (5).
Nhu vay, neu chi xem xet dan thuan ve sd lieu thdng ke vdn dau tu ciia Phap d Viet Nam vao cac nganh nhu tren cd the de dang nhan thiy sir phii hgp tuang ddi ciia cae chi sd nay vdi yeu cau ve ca cau mdt nen kinh te hien dai, phii hpp vdi nhu ciu phat trien ciia Viet Nam trong cdng cude cdng nghiep boa, hien dai hoa dat nudc.
3. FDI cua Phap tai Viet Nam phan theo dja phuo'ng
Cac du an dau tu ciia Phap cd mat d 25 tinh, thanh phd tren toan qudc. Mac dii ehinh phii Viet Nam khuyen khich nha dau tu nudc ngoai dau tu vao nhirng dia ban hien cdn nhieu khd khan ve kinh te - xa hdi, dac biet la mien niii, viing sau, vimg xa vdi cac chinh sach mi dai ve thue, tien luang... nhung hau het cac du an dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam ndi ehung va eiia Phap ndi rieng van tap trung d mdt sd tinh, thanh phd Idn nhu: Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, Ha Ndi, Ddng Nai, Tay Ninh, Ba Ria - Viing Tau, Binh Duong. Day la cac dia phuang cd ca sd ha tang tdt, cd nhieu khu vire cdng nghiep, khu che xuat nen thu hiit dugc nhieu dir an nhat vdi hon 250 du an, vdn dau tu 2,8 ty USD, chiem 96% ve tdng sd vdn dau tu ciia Phap vao Viet Nam. Cu the, Ba Ria - Viing Tau thu hilt chi 8 du an nhung vdn dau tu len tdi 1 ty USD, dimg dau ca nudc; Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh thu hut 110 du an, vdi tdng sd vdn dau tu la 852 trieu USD dirng vi tri thir hai;
Ha Ndi thu hilt 71 du an, vdn dau tu la 333 trieu USD; Binh Duang thu hut 24 du an vdi tdng sd vdn 57 trieu USD; Ddng Nai thu hut 19 du an, vdi tdng sd vdn dau tu la 121 trieu USD (xem Bdng 5). Cd the ndi, mirc dp chenh lech giii'a cac vung ve thu hut FDI ciia Phap la tuang ddi va ddng thuan vdi muc dp thuan Igi ciia yeu td kinh te - xa hdi va ca sd ha tang ciia Viet Nam.
76 NGHIEN CGU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°02 (1251.2011
Bang 5: Dau tu true tiep cua Phap phan theo dia phucng
(Tie ngay 01/01/1988 din ngdy 30/9/2010) (Dan vi: USD)
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Dia phuo'ng Ba Ria-Viing Tau TP Ho Chi Minh HaNoi
Quang Nam Ddng Nai Tay Ninh Binh Duang Hai Phdng Long An Binh Thuan Bic Ninh Hung Yen Da Nang Tra Vinh Gia Lai Khanh Hda Lam Ddng An Giang Ninh Thuan can Tha Lao Cai Hai Duang Binh Dinh Ben Tre Yen Bai Hda Binh Phil Yen Quang Ninh Thii'a Thien-Hue Ddng Thap Phil Thp Kien Giang
Tong cpng
So dy an
8 110 71 8 19 2 24 3 5 7 3 3 5 2 1 6 5 1 1 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 305
Tong von dau tu (USD) 1.070.195.128
852.696.377 331.285.029 127.636.447 121.566.291 120.536.153 57.714.613 37.403.500 29.510.000 25.115.800 22.252.941 18.400.000 15.205.712 15.150.000 14.000.000 13.698.657 10.521.391 8.800.000 8.500.000 7.337.600 7.200.000 6.750.000 6.000.000 5.000.000 3.200.000 2.000.000 2.000.000 700.000 670.000 187.500 60.000 52.631 2.941.345.770
Von dieu le (USD) 271.416.229 766.370.780
132.180.327 49.727.433 48.394.122 112.829.680 32.153.611 15.188.500 13.110.000 8.224.800 10.202.941 12.500.000 15.205.712 1.030.000 7.000.000 9.222.550 3.903.058 2.800.000 6.000.000 5.437.600 4.987.630 2.150.000 2.000.000 5.000.000 20.000 625.000 1.000.000 350.000 657.000 187.500 60.000 52.631 1.539.987104
Nguon: Cue Ddu tie nuac ngodi - Bp Ke hogch vd Ddu tu
'X>eut (tfutg itdu tuteue tie'fi nu(U ngtuix...
11So vdi ngudn FDI cua EU vao Viet Nam phan theo dia phuang tinh din cudi nam 2005 thi cd mdt sd chenh lech nhung khdng dang kl. Cu thi, Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh van la dia phuang thu hiit du an diu tu Idn nhit trong ca nudc, vdi 189 du an, ehilm 38% va tdng sd vdn diu tu la 2.079 trieu USD, chiim 30% tdng sd vdn diu tu. Dung thii hai la Ha Ndi vdi 107 du an, tdng vdn diu tu la 1.409 trieu USD; Ba Ria - Viing Tau thu hiit 10 du an, vdi sd vdn diu tu la 997 trieu USD, ehilm 14% tdng sd vdn diu tu cua EU vao Viet Nam. Nhu vay, cac dia phuong nay vin ludn la diim hip dan thu hiit FDI ciia nude ngoai tai Viet Nam. Din nay, nhd tan dung dugc uu thi sin cd tai dia phuang, eiing vdi mdt sd uu dai ma nha nudc Viet Nam danh cho, cac du an diu tu cua Phap tai cac dia phuang nay dang thu dugc nhirng kit qua kha quan.
Tdm lai, ciing nhu trao ddi hang hoa, quan he diu tu Viet - Phap trong giai doan 1988-2010 da phat trien vdi tdc dp rit cao.
Ddng vdn dd vao ngay cang nhilu, di kem vdi nd la ddng edng nghe hien dai trong cac ITnh vuc cdng nghiep nang, buu ehinh - viln thdng... Cd dieu, cho den nay mdi quan he nay mdi chi dien ra mdt chieu, chi cd vdn eua Phap chay vao Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, xet trong bdi canh phat trien kinh te hien nay ciia hai nudc, Phap la nudc cdng nghiep dung thir tu tren the gidi, thir hai the gidi sau My
ve ndng nghiep va la mdt trong nhii'ng cudng qudc dau tu ra ben ngoai Idn nhit chau Au, khdng ngimg tim kiim thi trudng dl diu tu, cdn Viet Nam dang cd ging cai each kinh t l thu hiit ngay cang nhilu ban ddng vdn diu tu va edng nghe tir ben ngoai, trong do cd Phap.
Quan he dau tu Viet - Phap cung cd sir gap gd nhau giira nhu ciu va Igi ich ciia cae ben.
Dd chinh la nen tang cho su phat triln nhanh chdng cua mdi quan he nay. So vdi mdt so nudc diing diu vl diu tu true tilp d Viet Nam nhu Han Qudc, Dai Loan, Nhat Ban, Singapore, Hoa Ky, ty le vdn diu tu eiia Phap d Viet Nam dugc thuc hien kha cao.
Theo sd lieu ciia Cue Diu tu nudc ngoai, Bg Ke hoaeh va Diu tu, tinh tdi ngay 30/9/2010, ty le vdn diu tu dang ky thuc hien so vdi tdng vdn diu tu dang ky ciia Han Qudc, Dai Loan, Nhat Ban, Singapore, Hoa Ky tuong ung la 37%, 40%, 27% va 31%, 20%, trong khi dd ty le vdn thuc hien cua Phap la 52%.
Vdi kit qua do, cd thi thiy diu tu tir Phap vao Viet Nam boat ddng kha hieu qua. Cung gidng nhu nliilu nha diu tu khac d chau Au, dau tu ciia Phap dupe phan bd vao nhilu nganh edng nghiep khae nhau, trong dd cd sir quan tam dac biet duge danh cho cac nganh cdng nghiep nang, xay dung,... nhim mue dich khai thac tdt nhit nhiing tilm lire cua Viet Nam. Phap la nudc diu tu kha nhilu vao nganh cdng nghiep nang (46 du an). Vi
78
NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°02 (125).2011vay, Phap van ludn la nha dau tu Idn nhat d Viet Nam trong linh vue nay ciing nhu ngudn vdn FDI ndi chung trong td chirc EU.
Ddng vdn dau tu cua Phap vao Viet Nam da va dang cd nhirng ddng gdp dang ke ddi vdi su phat trien kinh te Viet Nam, vao nhirng thanh cdng trong cdng cude cdng nghiep boa, hien dai boa dat nudc. Nhiing ddng gdp do bd sung ngudn vdn, gdp sire thue day kinh te Viet Nam tang trudng, giai quyet cdng an viec lam, tang them ngudn thu ehi ngan sach, chuyen giao cdng nghe, kinh nghiem quan ly, thiic day xuat khau. Tuy nhien, ben canh nhirng ket qua dat duge, dau tu cua Phap vao Viet Nam dang tdn tai nhieu mat ban che:
Thie nhdt, ddng vdn dau tu cua Phap vao Viet Nam phan bd khdng deu, tap trung ehii yeu d mdt sd tinh, thanh phd nhu: Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, Ha Ndi, Ba Ria - Viing Tau, Ddng Nai, Tay Ninh. Dang tiec ban nira, cac
nha dau tu nudc ngoai khac nhu EU, Han Qudc, Dai Loan ciing trong tinh trang tuong tu.
Thie hai, vdn dau tu ciia Phap vao Viet Nam cdn d miic khiem tdn so vdi thuc lire kinh te eiia Phap va cdn xa mdi dap img dugc su mong dgi ciia Viet Nam. Dau tu eiia Phap ed rat it du an trong ITnh vue edng nghiep nang, xay dung ma Viet Nam ed nhu cau Idn va Phap cd rat nhieu the manh.
Thie ba, dau tu cua Phap thudng la cac du an cd quy md nhd, sd du an nhieu nhung vdn dau tu it, cu the: Nam 2002, cd den 28 du an nhung vdn dau tu chi cd 9 trieu USD;
Nam 2010 cd 22 nhung vdn dau tu ehi 13 trieu USD. Mat khac, ddng vdn dau tu ciia Phap vao Viet Nam khdng dn dinh, bien ddng that thudng va khi vdn dau tu nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam ed xu hudng giam thi dau tu ciia Phap lai tang (xem Bieu do 3).
'3€>(yut itmtg itdu tu ti^e tieft nutlUi ngemi.
79
Biiu dd 3: So sanh v6n diu tu cua Phap vdi tong von dau tu nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam Dan vi: ty USD
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-T6ng y5n d§u t u true tiep nudc ngoai \^o Viet Nam —•—Vdn dau t u cua Phap vao Viet Nam
Nguon: Dua tren sd lieu Bdng 1 vd sd lieu do Cue Ddu tu nudc ngodi - Bp Ke hogch vd Ddu tu cung cdp
Vdi nhirng thanh edng tren, cdng vdi su ung hd nhiet tinh ciia hai chinh phii, bdi eanh khu vue, qudc te thuan Igi va su gap gd giiia nhu cau va Igi ich trong mdi quan he song phuong nay van cdn hiiu hieu, ed the khang dinh rang quan he dau tu Viet - Phap se tiep tuc dugc phat trien trong tuang lai.
(1991-2006), Luan van Thac sy, Trudng Dai hpe Da Lat, tr. 87.
4. Dinh Manh Tuin (2001), Cdc hogt dpng tren linh vuc FDI vd ODA cita Phdp tgi Viet Nam, Nghien eiiu Chau Au, sd 1, tr. 42-48.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Bao Nhan dan (2002), Chit tich nudc Trdn Due Luang hpi dam vdi Tdng thdng Jacques Chirac, ngay 30/10, tr. 4.
2. Thdng tin xa Viet Nam (1992), Vdn di vi ddu tu tgi Viet Nam, Tai lieu tham khao dac biet, ngay 8/7, tr. 2.
3. Vd Minh Hung (2007), Quan hi kinh ti Viet - Phdp trong bdi cdnh todn edu hod
5. Hoang Xuan Hoa (2001), Dgc diem quan he kinh te Viet Nam - EU vd nhieng ca hpi phdt trien trong xu the todn cdu hod, tu do hod thuang mgi, Nghien cim Chau Au, sd 48, thang 6, tr. 81-88.
6. The European Union Worldtrade, http://'wwvy.euruion.org/profile/EUUSStats.h tm
7. Cue Dau tu nudc ngoai hoaeh va Dau tu.
Bd Ke