KHOA HOC C d N G NGHfi
K i C H THLTOC V A C A U THLIC DAIXI IMAI CA TOIMG (Rucen/us etdiij T A I K H U B A O TblM IMAI CA TOIVG X O I V I V A B O U L Y , COIMG H O A DAIM C H U IVHAIM DAIM L A O
TTiananh Khotpatiioom^ ^ Vfl Tidn Tliiiih^^' T 6 M T A T
Kich thudc va ciu tnic dan Nai ca tdng {Rucervus eldii) da duoc tidn hanh nghien ciiu tai Khu Bao tdn Nai ca tdng Xonnabouly, tinh Savannakhet, midn Nam Cdng hoa Dan chii Nhan dSn (CHDCND) Lao tir nam 2017 den nam 2019 blng phuong phap dieu tra theo tuyen. Khu vuc dieu tra tap trung chu ydu d phia Tay cua Khu Bao ton Nai ca tong Xonnabouly. Hoat dong dieu tra duoc difen ra trong thdi gian tir 5 -10 gid v^o budi sang va 13 -17 gio vao budi chieu, trong ca miia kho va mua mua. Kich thudc dan Nai ca tong nhd nhit duoc phat hi6n la 01 ca thd, ldn nhat 11 ca the va kich thuoc dan trung binh la 3,44 ca thd. Cau tnic dan Nai ca tdng gom cd ca the trudng thanh, ban trudng thanh va con non. Ty le ca th^ ditc/cai la 1/2.70, ty le ca thd ban trudng thanh so vdi tat ca thanh vi6n trong dan la 1/3,04, trong do ty 1§ ca the due ban tnrdng thanh 1/12,29 va ty 1^ cai ban trudng thanh 1/4,53. Ty 16 con non so vdi ca the cai truong thanh la 1/5,75. Kdt qua nghien cuu bd sung co sd du lieu ve dac diem sinh hoc, sinh thai cho loai Nai ca tdng.
Tii khda: Nai ca tong, Rucervus eldii, Xonnabouly.
I.DATV/INDE
Nai ca tdng (Rucervus eldii) Ii loii tini ldn quy hidm thudc hp Huou nai, sinh sdng chu ydu frong sinh canh rimg khdp hoac rimg bin thudng xanh vdi dp tan che thap, fren dia hinh k h i bang phang tai khu vuc Ddng Nam A (Lekagul vi McNeely, 1988).
Nai c i tdng timg dupe xie dinh da tuyet chung trong tu nhidn frfen lanh thd Cdng hda Dan ehu Nhan dan (CHDCND) Lao. Tuy nhidn, cie cudc didu fra d dau nhirng nam 2000 da phit hien lai va khing dinh chiing vin cdn tdn tai d khu ning khdp thude tinh Savannakhet (Vongkhamheng va Phirasack, 2002).
Nam 2004, Chinh phii CHDCND Lio da ban hanh Nghi dinh vd viec thinh lap Khu Bao tdn Nai c i tdng Xonnabouly cap tinh vdi dien tieh khoing 93.338 ha (Ounmany et al, 2004; Provincial Admmisfrative Office, 2007). Tuy nhien, thdng tm vd cie dac diem sinh hpc, sinh thai, dae biet la vd cau tnic dan va quin the Nai ca tdng nay hien cdn rat ban che. Ciu true dan va quin the Nai c i tdng li thdng tin the hien thinh phan cic nhdm tudi vi gidi tinh eua cic c i thd frong quan the vi dan (Anderson, 1985). Nhirng thdng tm vd kich thtrdc, cau tnic dan vi cau tnic quan thd dupe su dung dd dinh gii kha nang smh trudng va phat trien cua quin the. Do vay, nghidn eiiu nay tap trung lam rd dac didm kich thudc, ciu tnic din va cau tnic quan thd phuc vu edng tic bio
tdn loai thu nguy cap, quy hidm nay tai Khu Bao ton Nai c i tdng Xonnabouly.
2 . PHUDNG PHAP NGHBU CUU
Nghien oiu dupc thuc hien tai Khu Bao tdn Nai c i tdng Xonnabouly, tinh Savannakhet, midn Nam Cdng hda Dan chu Nhan dan (CHDCND) Lao.
Phuong phap nghien ciiu chinh dupc su dung la phuong phap dieu fra fren tuydn. Cac tuydn dieu Ira dupc bd tri theo phuong phap he thdng, song song, each ddu nhung tdi da khdng qui 2 km. Chidu dai tuydn phu thude vio khu vuc nghidn ciiu vi hudng di chuydn nhung trung binh tii 4 ddn 10 km (Hinh 1).
Cae tuydn di qua nhidu sinh canh hoac frang thai rimg khic nhau, dac bidt li cic frang thii didn hinh.
87 tuydn vdi tdng chieu dii 673,5 km dupc didu tra frong miia khd v i 17 tuydn vdi tdng chieu dii 81,6 km dupe dieu fra frong miia mira (Hinh 1).
' Khoa Lam nghiep. Tnidng Dai hpc Qu6c gia CHDCND Uio
" Trudng Dtii hpc Lam nghidp
•' Vien L.am nghiep va Da dang sinh hoc nhi^l ddi 56
Hinh 1. Sa dd cic mydn didu tra
N O N G NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2020
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Hoat ddng didu fra dtrpe didn ra frong thdi gian tu 5 - 10 gid vio budi sing v i 13 - 17 gid vao budi chidu, frong c i miia khd v i miia mua. Ngudi dieu tra di chuyen vdi tdc dd cham (trung bmh 1 - 2 km/gid), im lang, chii y quan sit 2 bdn tuyen dd phit hien cac din Nai c i tdng. Ngudi didu fra ghi chep thdng tin vd sd lupng c i the cua timg nhdm tudi v i theo gidi tinh khi bat gap cic din Nai ea tdng. Cie e i the frong din Nai c i tdng dupe phan chia vio 3 nhdm tudi, gdm cd c i the trudng thinh, c i the ban trudng thinh v i con non dua frdn phuong phip cua LL et al. (2008). Cach nhan dang v i phan bidt Nai ca tdng giua cic nhdm tudi frdn thuc dia dua theo Monfort etal. (2015) v i Hartley (2014). Ty le phan fram cua timg nhdm dtrpe tinh toin bang phin mdm Excel.
Ngoii hoat ddng dieu fra thuc dia, phuang phap phdng vin ngudi din ciing dupe su dung frong qua trinh nghidn cuu de thu thap cac thdng tin bd frp'.
Ddi tuong phdng van li eie thg san, ngirdi dan dia phirong vi eie nhin vien ciia Khu Bio tdn Nai ca tdng Xonnabouly. Ndi dung phdng van tap frung vao khai thac cic tiidng tin vd hien trang quin thd, dae didm va ciu true quin the, dac diem phan bd va gdm ca mdt sd dac diem tap tinh sinh thai cua Nai ca tdng.
8. KET QUA mm CUU VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Kich thudc din Nai c i tdng
Ket qua didu fra cho thay kich thude dan Nai e i tdng trung binh tai Khu Bio tdn Nai e i tdng Xonnabouly li 3,44 ea thd (Bang 1). Kdt qui niy eho thay kich thudc din ciia Nai c i tdng k h i nhd. Thuc td, frong 27 lan phit hien Nai c i tdng thi cd 4 lin phat hidn duoc dan chi cd duy nhat 1 ea the, frong khi dd chi ed 2 lin phit hien din ed kich thudc Idn (8 vi 11 c i thd). So vdi cic kdt qua dieu fra cua Thu et al. (2019) tai Khu Bao tdn Shewesettaw cua Myanmar vdi kich thude dan Nai c i tdng trung binh 7,6 c i thd thi kdt qua nghien ciiu niy thip hon khoang 2 lin. Tuong tu nhu vay, tai Hai Nam, Trung Qudc kich thudc trung binh cua din Nai e i tdng la 6,33 ca tild (Wang etal., 2010). Trong khi dd, nghidn ciiu trudc diy vd Nai c i tdng tai Khu Bao tdn Nai c i tdng Xonnabouly da udc tinh kich thude dan trung binh tu 5 -10 e i tiie (Xayalath, 2016). Kich tiiudc din hien tai nhd hon nhirng ghi nhan trudc diy, cd thd do frong khu vuc eu tni cua loai xuit hien nhidu ydu td bat Ipi, vi du nhu chia cit sinh canh sdng, suy thoai sinh canh sdng va san bin frii phep...
Bang 1. Kich thudc v i cau tnic din Nai c i tdng t^i Khu Bao tdn Nai ca tdng Xonnabouly hi nSm 2017 -
2019 tii kdt qua didu tra frgn taiydn
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Tong
Soca the
5 4 8 11 2 2 2 2 1 4 4 3 3 1 1 2 4 3 6 5 1 5 2 2 4 4 2 93
Tnrong thanh Due
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 16
Cai 3 2 4 7 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 46
Ban tniong thanh Due
1 1
1
1 1 1
1
7 Cai
1 1 3
1 1 1 4
2 1 1 16
Con non 1 2
1
1 1 1
1
8 3.2.TyIdcitiidduc/cii
Kdt qua nghien cihi cho thay, ty le c i the duc/ea the eai cua loai Nai c i tdng tai Khu Bao tdn Nai c i tdng Xonnabouly la 1/2,70. Trong 27 lin bit gap cic dan Nai c i tdng fren tuydn didu fra, ed tdi 11 lin (40,74%) khdng phat hien ca the due trudng thanh vi cd 4 lin (14,8196) chi bit gap ca the due trudng thinh sdng don ddc. Kdt qua nay cho thay cic c i thd due trudng thinh cd tap tinh sdng k h i don ddc va tach khdi dan, frong khi cac c i the due bin trudng thanh thi cd xu hudng sdng chimg vdi din.
Thdng tin ve ty le c i the due vi eai cua Nai c i tdng frong mdi trudng sdng tu nhien cdn rit han che.
Kdt qui didu tra tai Khu Bao tdn Nai e i tdng Xonnabouly eho thiy ty le e i thd duc/cii li k h i nhd so vdi kdt qua nghien cuu trudc day khi ty le nay dat 1/1,5-2 (Xayalatii. 2016). Su khac biet nay cd tiie la NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KS 1 - THANG 9/2020 57
KHOA HOC CONG NGHfi
do ty le ca tiid due bi chdt cao hon e i thd cii frong nhiing nam gin diy. Ddng thdi, ty le due/eii trong nghien ciiu niy eiing nhd ban so vdi kdt qua nghien ciiu tai eie khu ning tu nhien khic. Bhumpakphan va et al (2004) da tiidng ke ty le ca tiie duc/cai frong rimg tu nhidn thudng vao khoing 1/1,5. Ty le ca the due va eii trudng thanh ghi nhan duoe tai Khu Bio tdn Chatthin (Myanmar) la 1/1,58 /Monfort et al., 2015) va mdi nhat tai Khu Bao tdn Shewesettaw la 1/2,5 CThu et al., 2019) ddu Ii cao ban ket qui ghi nhan d Khu Bao tdn Nai ca tdng Xonnabouly.
Tuy nhien, ty Id c i the duc/cai tai Khu Bio tdn Nai c i tdng Xonnabouly lai Idn hon so vdi kdt qua thdng ke tai Khu Bio tdn Bin tu nhien d dio Hii Nam cua Trung Qudc (1/2-4) (Bhumpakphan et al., 2004) vi ldn hon so vdi ty le c i the duc/cii ctia cic quin the Nai e i tdng nudi nhdt rdi dupe tha frd lai tu nhien (1/6,95) tgi Khu Bao tdn Ddng vat hoang da Wiang Lor, tinh Prayao cua Thii Lan.
3.3. I t Id c i tild bin truong thinh
C i the Nai c i tdng bin trudng thinh cd dp tudi trung binh tir 1 ddn 1,5 tudi. Giai doan bin trudng thinh cua c i the due keo dii hon so vdi ca the cii (Hartley, 2014). Trong toin bd qui trinh nghidn oiu, da bit gap tdng cdng 23 e i the bin tnrdng thinh (chidm 24,73%), frong dd cd 7 ea the bin trudng thinh due (7,53%) vi 16 c i thd bin trudng thinh cii (17,20%). Trong ba nhdm tudi, c i the trudng thanh chidm ty le cao nhat, e i thd ban tmdng thinh chidm ty le eao thii hai vi c i thd non chiem ty le thap nhat.
Tuy nhien, Li etal. (2008) nhan dang tuoi vi gidi tinh Nai c i tdng qua phan vi cho ring eon non chidm ty 1$ eao hon c i the ban truang thinh. Tai Indonesia, Yuliawati et al. (2018) udc tinh quin thd Nai indoniasia (Rusa timorensi^ v i cd kdt qua l i ty Id c i thd non cao hon c i thd bin tnrdng thinh do inh hudng cua ty le tii vong.
3.4. Ty 1$ con non
Kdt qua nghien oiu cho thay ty le con non cua Nai ca tdng k h i nhd so vdi cic c i the thudc cie nhdm tudi khic. Trong sd 93 ca the da dupe ghi nhan thi chi cd 8 con non (chidm 8,60%), ddng nghia vdi ty le con non so vdi cie nhdm tudi khac li 1/10,63 v i ty le con non so vdi e i the eii trudng thinh Ii 1/5,75.
Trong thuc td, ty le con non so vdi c i the cii trudng thinh l i chi sd phan inh dupc kha nang tang hay giam cua kich thude quin the. Trong didu kien mdi trudng sdng tdt thi c i the eii trudng thinh se sinh hai con non/nam (Pierce era/., 2011). Ddi vdi mdt sd
loai huou, nai, ndu sinh canh tdt va diy dii cae nhan td smh dudng tiii ty 1$ con non so vol ca thd cii tiirdng tiianh la 1/1. Tgi Khu Bao tdn Nai ca tdng Xonnabouly ty le con non so vdi c i thd eii frudng thinh k h i thap (1/5,75), do dd viec tang trudng kich thudc quin thd Nai c i tdng se gap r i t nhidu khd khan va se cang trd nen khd khan hon khi cic yeu td bat loi anh hirdng ddn mdi trudng sdng vi su an toan cua loii khdng dupc kidm soit tdt.
4 . KET LUAN
Kdt qua nghidn ciiu eho thay kich thudc din Nai c i tdng tai Khu Bao tdn Nai ea tdng Xonnabouly kha nhd, vdi trung binh la 3,44 e i thd/din. Kich thudc din hien tai nhd hon nhimg ghi nhan trudc day, cd the do frong khu vuc cu tni eua loai xuat hien nhidu ydu td bat lai, vi du nhu chia eit sinh canh sdng, suy thoii smh canh sdng vi san bin frii phep.
Cau tnic din gdm cd c i the trudng thinh, ban trudng thinh v i eon non. Ty Id c i the duc/cii la 1/2,70. Cic c i thd due trudng thinh cd tap tinh sdng k h i don ddc vi tach khdi din, frong khi cic ca tiid due ban truong thanh thi cd xu hudng sdng chung vdi dan. Ty 1$ e i thd bin truong thinh so vdi tit ci thinh vien frong din l i 1/3,04, frong dd ty Id ei tii^
due bin trudng thinh 1/12,29 v i ty Id eii bin tinrdng thinh 1/4,53. Ty le con non so vdi c i the cii tnrdng thinh l i 1/5,75, tuong ddi thap, do vay can ed bi^n phip bio ve v i nang cao ti le con non frong quan thd.
LOI CAM ON
Chiing tdi xin cam on ban lanh dao va cac cin b0 cua Khu Bao tdn Nai ca tdng Xonnabouly, tinh Savannakhet Cong hda Dan chu Nhin din Lao da tao didu Iden va giup dd trong qua trinh diu tiiap sdli$u trdn thuc dia. Cam on ngudi dan dia phuong da rat tich cue tham gia dieu tra va cung cap sdlieu can tiiiet khic.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Anderson, S. H., 1985. Managing our wildlife resom-ces. Charles E. Memll Publishing Company, Columbus, Ohio.
2. Bhumpakphan, N., Sukmasuang, R..
Kamolnorranath, S., 2004. Current Status of Brow - antiered Deer in the Wild, Captivity and Recovery Program. J. Wildl. Thail. 13, 62 - 94 (in Thai).
3. Hartiey, M.. 2014. Burmese Brow Antiered Deer Rucervus e/rfy thianun, 1st Edition, ed. Zoo and Wildhfe Soludons Ltd., Umted Kingdom.
4. Lekagul. B., McNeely. J. A., 1988. Mammals of Thailand, 2tii ed. ed. Bangkok Kurus;ii>a Ladproa Press, Bangkok.
-S8 N O N G NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KS 1 - THANG 9/2020
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5. Li, Y., Meng, Y., Gao, H., Sun, R., Zhang, H., Lin, X , Li, S., 2008. A study on determining age and sex of Hainan Eld s Deer by use of pellet morphomefry. Zool. Res. 29,189 -194.
6. Monfort, S. L., MeShea, W. J., Wemmer, C.
M., 2015. Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii), in: Johnsingh, A., Nanjrekar, N. (Eds.), Mamamals of South Asia.
University Press (India) Private limited, India, pp.
260-27L
7. Ounmany, S., Stenhouse, R., Nouansyvong, S., Johnson, A., McShea, W. J., 2004. Second Annual Meeting of the Eld's Deer Interest Group on Eld's Deer Conservation and Restoration, in: Collaborative Approach to Eld's Deer Conservation and Research in Savannakhet province, Lao PDR Dusit Zoo, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 16 - 20.
8. Pierce, R A., Sumners, J., Flinn, E., 2011.
Estimating Deer Population on Your Property:
Observational Data [www Document].
https://extension2.missoun.edu/g9482. URL https://extension2.niissouri.edu/g9482 (accessed 1.23.20).
9. Provincial Admimstrative Office, 2007.
Agreement on the management of Eld's Deer Sanctuary.
10. Thu, A. M., U, G.- G., Zhang, M., Thang, X H., Soe, A. M., Namg. W., Quan, R-C, 2019. Group size and social organization of the endangered Eld's deer (Rucervus eldhThanun): Results from a long- term sfridy in Myanmar. Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 18, 1 - 10.
11. Vongkhamheng, C , Phfrasack, S., 2002.
Eld's deer (Cervus eldh siamensis) surveys in Chonbuly district, Savannakhet province, Lao PDR Lao Wildlife Conservation Society, Vientiane.
12. Wang, B.- B., LU, X., YAN, H., YUAN, X., TAO, F., ZHAO, R, 2010. Group Size, Composition and Degree of Social Segregation in the Infroduced Hainan Eld's Deer. Sichuan J. Zool. 12.
13. Xayalatii, K., 2016. Habitat Utilization of Eld's Deer in die Sancfriary, Chonabouly District, Savannakhet province, Lao PDR (MSc). Faculty of Forestry Science, National University of Laos, Vientiane (in Lao).
14. Yuliawati, A , Kumiati, T , Santosa, Y., 'Riohan, A. M., 2018. Minimum viable population estimation of Timor Deer (Rusa timorensis) base on demographic parameters. lOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci.
Eng. 434, 012107. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757- 899X/434/1/012107.
HERD SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF ELD'S DEER (Rucervus eldii) IN XONNABOULY ELD'S DEER SUNCTUARY, LAO PDR
Tliananh Khotpatiioom*- ^ Vu Tien Thinh^- ^ 'Faculty of Forest science. National University of Lao
^Faculty of Forest resource and En vironmental Management Vietnam National University ol Forestry
^Institute lor Tropical Biodiversity and Forestry Summary
The herd size and structure of Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii) was studied in Xonnabouly Eld's deer Sunctuary, Savannakhet province, southern Lao FRD, from 2017 to 2019 using the transect survey method. The survey area was concenfrated in the western part of the protected area. Data were collected on the transect from 5 to 10 am and from 13 to 17 pm, in both dry and rainy seasons. The smallest deer herd size was found to be 01 individual, the largest was 11 individuals and the average herd size was 3.44 individuals. The Eld's deer herd consists of adult, sub-adult, and calves. The ratio of male/female is 1 : 2.70, the ratio of sub - adult/herd size is 1/3.04. The ratio of juveniles/adult females is 1/5.75. The research results provided supplemental informanon on the biological and ecological charactenstics of the Eld's deer.
Ifcywords: Eld's deer, Rucervus eldii, Xonnabouly.
Ngudi phin bidn: PGS.TS. Nguydn Van Muih Ngiy nh§n bii: 27/3/2020
Ngiy tiidng qua phan bi&i: 28/4/2020 Ngiy duydt dang: 5/5/2020
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2020 59
