Dien toan moi nai:

CONG NGHE - GIAI PHAP

Dien toan moi nai:

• •

TS. Ha Hai Nam

Dien tokn mpi noi (pervasive computing-PC) la linh vuc ngMen citu phkt trien rihanh ehbng trong nhiing nam gan dky. Muc dich cua dien tokn mpi noi ik nham tang img dung cbng nghe thdng tin vk trayen thbng (ICT) vko cudc sdng va mdi tradng sdng. Dieu niy cb the dat dupc nhd nhirng tien bb cbng nghe trong viec ngay cang cb nMeu bd cMp da xu ly dupe tich hpp vko cac thiet bi trayen thbng. PC md ra nhieu img dung trien vpng nhu cham sdc site khde gia dinh [1], ckc he thdng theo ddi mbi trabng, ckc he thdng giao thbng thbng minh.

NEN TANG CUA D I E N TOAN M Q I N O I Cb khoang 8 ty bd vi xu ly nhung duoc san xuat mbi nam vk sd lupng tang ngiy ekng nhanh dkn den sir Men dien mpi noi cua ckc thiet bi dien tu ehira eke bb vl xu ly. Cac thiet bi nay cb kich eo tir vai mlUmet (ckc dau do) den nMeu met (ckc tMet bi Men thi). Ckc tMet bi dien tit nky cd the dupc ket ndi thbng qua he thdng hoae tMet bi trayen dan cd dky/ khbng dky tdi eac mang bang rpng. Ckc he thdng dien tokn mpi noi (PCS-Pervaslve Computing System) giup ngubi dimg cb them Meu biet, tham cM cb the dieu kMen mdi tradng xung quanh kM hp dang b nhi, b van phbng hay tren ckc phuong tien giao thdng. PCS ik cac he thbng thbng minh d mpt cap dp nao do. Vi du, mdt dd dimg dien tu thbng minh cd the tu phkt Men ibl va thbng bao den chii sd hiru vk trang tam bao hknh cua nha san xuat de skp xep hch siia chiia. PC da cb lich sit phkt trien khoang 15 nam, tuy nMen den thai diem Men tai nb vkn dang b giai doan dau cua quk trinh phkt trien trade kM trd thanh ckc img dung thuc te

boat dbng hoan cMnh. Mdt sd cdng nghe 161 da cd nhirng thanh tuu dkng ke cho dii cdng nghe pin va giao tiep ngubi dimg trong PCS van cdn ddi mat vol nMeu thir thkch. Theo eke chuyen gia, 5-10 nam nira. My thubc vko luc day tM trabng vk nhan thitc eiia ngudi sir dung mk PCS se phd bien rpng rai.

CAC CONG NGHE LOI CHO PCS

PCS lien quan den su hdi tu trong linh vue ICT sau: Ckc thiet bl tinh tokn, ket ndi trayen thdng, vk giao dien ngubi diing.

Cac thiet bi tfnh toan

Ckc tMet bi tinh tokn PCS cb the cb nMeu kich co va dang khkc nhau nhu ckc tMet bl ckm tay (dien thoai dl dbng, PDA, PPC) hoae duoc nhirng trong ckc dd vat hkng ngay nhu dd dac, quan ko. Ckc tMet bi nky cb khk nang Mong tkc vdi nhau vk xii ly mbt ckch thbng mlnh. Chimg cb the phkn thknh 3 loai chinh:

Cac thiet bi cam dng (sensors): Ckc tMet bi thu thap thbng tin tir mbi tradng, img xu cua ngubi dung, ritikn lenh tir ngubi diing...

Cac bo xd ly (processors): Ckc he thdng dien tu de phkn tich dii lieu dau vao.

Cac bp din dong (actuator): Ckc tMet bi dku ra dkp img lai ckc thdng tin dk dupc xii ly bkng each tkc dpng lai vao mbi trabng thbng qua ckc tMet bi dien tit hoae co kM. VI du, tMet bi dieu kMen nMet dp khdng kM.

Cd nMeu each nhin nhkn khkc nhau ve tuong lai cua PCS. Mpt sd rihbm ngMen citu dang nb luc che tao ra mang ckc tMet bi cb kich eb nhb nhu hat

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CONG NGHE - GIAI PHAP

ckt vol y Mong moi tMet bi cd kha nang boat ddng ddc lap vbi ngudn nubi rieng vk eb khk nkng lien lac khbng dky vdi ckc tMet bi khkc. Ckc thiet bi nky dupc phkn tkn trong mbi trabng vbi mat dp cao de tao thanh mang lubi PCS vb hinh ddi vbi ngudi diing [2].

Ckch tiep can nky nhan manh viec su dung cac cdng nghe di dpng, he thdng dinh vi, ckc eo so du lieu ket ndi thbng qua Internet de phkn tkn thbng tin qua ckc tMet bi sd ck nhkn.

Ket noi

PCS phu thubc vao viec ket ndi giira eke thiet bi dien tit dpc lap va mang bang rpng. Dieu nay cb the dat dupc thbng qua ket ndi eb day (vl du ADSL va Ethernet) hoae khbng day (Wifi hoae Bluetooth). Su phkt trien eua PCS phu thubc vao kha nkng lien ket va hpp nhat giira eke tMet bi vk su hbi tu cua ckc tieu chuan ky thuat cho nhung cbng nghe cb dky vk khdng day.

Giao dien ngUdi diing

Giao dien ngubi dimg la diem lien lac giua ICT va ngudi su dimg. VI du, trong he thdng mky tinh, chupt, bkn phim la ckc tMet bi dau vao de nhkp dir Ueu. Trong PCS, giao dien ngubi diing mPi dang dupc phkt trien nhkm thu thap vk cung cap nhieu thbng tin ve ngubi diing vk mdi tradng de mky tinh xit ly. Trong Mong lai, giao dien ngubi diing vdi ckc thdng tin dau vko cb the la thdng tin tM gikc nhu nhan dang mat ngudi, ddng tkc cua ngudi diing hoae ekng cd the Ik am tharih, cam img riMet dp, cam img tiep xuc. Tuong tu, dau ra cua PCS cb the d eke dang khkc nhau. PCS nhkn biet nhu cau, sd tMch, ck tinh, phkn img cua ngudi dimg vk dua ra tac ddng thay ddi mbi tradng xung quanh phu hpp de dkp img nhu cau vk sd tMch cu the eua mbi ngudi diing. Tuy riMen, viec tMet ke cac he thdng cb the dkp img lai ckc tinh hudng khdng biet trade dang dat ra nMeu thit thkch ve cbng nghe.

KM cdng nghe phkt trien, cd nMeu tranh eki ve cap dp dieu kMen ngudi dimg ddi vbi giao dien ngudi diing trong ckc PCS. Cb 3 dang Mong tkc ngubi mky

Hinh 1. Dao co gan thiet bi cam ilng va bo xir ly dupe dua ra: chu ddng (active), bi ddng (passive) vk cuong bite (coercive).

CAC

TRIEN VONG CUA DIEN TOAN MOI NOI

PC cb pham vi img dung rdng, cdn rat nMeu img dung chua dupe xkc dinh. Ckc linh vuc tiem nang dupe nhkc den nhieu la cham sbe sire khde, cham sbc gia dinh, glkm skt giao thdng [3] va mdi trabng.

Cac ngMen cim ve PCS dang dupe tien hknh ca trong gibi ngMen cim vk san xuat cbng nghiep, tham cM mbt sd chinh phu da cd ddng thkl budc dau trong linh vuc nay.

Cham soc sire khoe

Dien tokn mpi noi tao nMeu co hdi cho viec cham sbc site khde ea trong dieu tri, quan ly berth vk berth nhkn. Vi du, ckc dau cam img vk cdng nghe glkm skt cho phep hen tuc thu thap vk phan tich ckc dii lieu ve sinh ly cua benh nhan giup nhan vien y te cb the cb duoc carih bko ngay lap ttc kM cd bat thubng. Nhiing dir Ueu thu thap eung cap cac phkn tieh cMnh xkc ve mku, xu hudng ve eke dieu kien siie khde dki han nhu kha nang mkc benh tim mach, tieu dudng, dbng kinh. Ckc tMet b} cam img deo dupc tren ngubi giup tao dieu kien thukn lpi trong di chuyen thoai mki trong benh vien va tiet kiem duoc cM pM xet ngMem lai. Bb phan quan tri benh vien ciing thay ddi, mdi benh nhan se dupe

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Hinh 2. He thong bep thong minh tai phong thi nghiem Culture Lab-Dai hpc Newcastle, UK.

deo the, cd tay chita ckc anh sd va cb gM chu y te.

The n^y cho ph6p dieu tri benh nhan Meu qua hon thbng qua he thdng quan tri glkm dupe riii ro rihan dang sal benh ly va sai sdt trong dieu tri.

C h i m soc tai nha

Trong vbng 20 nam tbi, ti le ngudi gik se tang d eac nubc phat trien dkn den tang nhu eau cham sbc tai xOik. Ckc phuang phkp eki tien, glkm sat site khde v^ dieu kien sdng se tao tien ngM eho ngubi dan trong chinh can nhk eua hp. Nhiing tMet bi ckm img nhiing trong cae vat dung nhu quan ao cho ph6p glkm skt tinh trang site khde nhu nMp tim, cM sd trpng lupng co the, huyet kp vk eke thdng sd smh ly khkc. Ckc tMet bi cam img khkc tai nha cho phkp theo ddi ckc chuyen dpng va bien ddng mdi tradng xung quanh rbi canh bko den ckc nhkn vien cham sbc neu cb bat thubng. Ckc tMet bi Men tM va ckc ban tin km thanh cb the nhkc nhd ngubi berth udng thude.

Giam sat moi triTdng

Dien toan mpi noi cung cap cac phuang phkp tien tien trong glkm skt mbi trabng sdng nb cho phep thu thap vk phan tich dir Ueu Uen Me tir xa thdng qua eke thiet bi ckm img khbng day. Tuy nMen, dieu nay ekng tao nen nMeu thir thkch ve cbng nghe nhu yeu eau tMet bl phki lkm viec dupe trong cae mdi trabng khkc ngMet. Hien nay glk eke tMet

bi quk dkt nen kho trien khai rdng rai. Mdt khd khan niia Ik eke he thdng boat ddng trong mdt khoang thdi gian dki do dd ngudn nuoi phai boat dbng Meu quk vk du ben.

Cac he thong giao thong thong minh

Tkc nghen giao thbng vk tai nan gay tdn that Ibn cho nen kinh te. Cdng nghe dien tokn mpi noi dang dupc sir dung de phkt trien eke he thdng giao thbng thbng mlnh nhkm glkm lkng pM tren. Ckc PCS nd lue tim ckch ket hpp cbng nghe thdng tin va viln thbng de cai tMen tinh trang an toan, Meu qua va nang suat cua mang ludi giao thdng. Cac tMet bi dien tu eb the dupc tieh hpp true tiep vko ha tang giao thbng vk ckc phuong tien giao thbng nham giam sat vk quan ly tdt hon su dl chuyen cua cae phuong tien tren dubng bb, dubng skt, dudng thuy vk dudng hang khbng. NMeu mky tinh dk duoe tieh hop vko eke b tb Men dai thbng qua he thdng dien thoai di ddng, cac tMet bi cam img db xe va he thdng quan ly ddng co phirc tap.

He thdng giao thbng thbng mlnh tien xa them mdt budc bkng viee tich hpp them ckc phan tit thbng minh vko ckc phuang tien giao thbng. Cae phuong Uen nky cb khk nang gid/ nhkn thbng tin nhb cbng nghe ket ndi khbng day va cb the Uen lac vbi ckc ha tang giao thbng thdng mlnh de dua ra ckc cknh bko ve tinh trang ket xe, cac diem ndng tai nan, tinh trang sita dubng. Lua chpn Myen dubng tdi uu dupc chuyen tiep nhkm tang tdc dp luu thdng va giam tkc nghen.

CAC THU" T H A C H

Mdt sd van de ve cbng nghe can duoc glkl quyet trabc khi eke PCS dupe img dung thue te. Su van hanh eua PCS ekng lam nay sinh cac vkn de ve tinh rieng M, bko mat, an toan vk anh hubng mbi trabng.

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Cac v a n d'e ve cong nghe

Sd Ueu dieu tra da neu ra nhiing van de cu the bao gdm viec tMeu cdng nghe, cM pM thap de che tao tMet bi, tMeu ckc cbng nghe ngudn phu hpp. Su phirc tap cua cac he thdng PCS ekng dan den khk nang xky ra ckc loi phkn eimg, phan mem.

Cac v a n de lien quan den t i n h rieng tu', an t o a n , bao m a t

Ckc PCS cb khk nang:

- Thu thap dH Ueu nhay cam nhu cac boat dbng hang ngay, so tMch, ck tinh cua timg ngudi dimg.

- Lay va sir dung cac thbng tin Va cac co sd dir Ueu Idn.

- Thay ddi mdi trabng thbng qua ckc co che tkc dbng.

Tinh rieng tU: Neu cae thbng tin ca nhan dupc thu thap vk luu tru trong co sd dir Ueu Ibn se tao dieu kien cho boat dbng trpm ckp thdng tin, thay ddi dir Ueu. Do PCS co the dupe trien khai trong nhung khu vuc rieng M nen nMeu khk nkng thbng tin mang tirih rieng M se bi thu thap vk khai thac.

Cac ky thuat tien tien trong PCS cb kha nang thu thap dii Ueu mk ban than ngubi dung khdng biet hoae khbng ddng y.

An toan, bao mat: PCS ekng gky nMeu tranh ckl ve van de an toan. He thdng giao thbng tich hpp Uen quan den ckc phuong tien giao thdng vol ckc thiet bi dkn dbng vko qua trinh Iki giup trknh tai nan nhanh ban phkn img eua eon ngubi. Mac dii tmh nang nky rat thuan tien trong viec trknh tai nan, nhung neu tirih bao mat ciia phan mem dieu kMen bi xam pham se dkn den nhiing Mem hpa khdng ngd. Hiem hpa nky ciing tiem tkng dol vdi ckc PCS phuc vu cham sbc tai nhk.

Cac phep do cong nghe

Mbt trong rihiing van de dang dupe tranh cai la tinh rieng M, an tokn vk bko mat cd the dupe bao ve tdt hon neu ckc thu tuc vk giao thirc phii hpp dupc tieh hpp vko PCS d mirc tMet ke thay the nhtmg cai dat da cb. Ba phep do dupc xem nhu la sdng cdn

trong van de bao mat dd ik:

- Lupng dk Ueu trayen dl nen dupc duy tri d mirc tdi tMeu.

- DU Ueu can trayen phai dupe ma hba vk dupc giti mpt each nac danh (khdng cb tham cMeu den chu sdhiiu dii Ueu).

- Van de bao mat phki dupe xem rihu mpt thknh phan tieh hpp cua PCS.

Ba nguyen ly tren duoc chap nhan bbi rat nMeu trung tam ngMen cim trien khai PCS. Tuy nMen, eke nha phkt trien PCS dupc khuyen ngM li can phai tiep Mc xem xet ngMen cim giai quyet eke van de ve tinh rieng M, an tokn vk bao mkt trong PCS.

Cac v a n de moi t r U d n g

Viee su dung eke tMet bi dien tii thu rihb dang PCS giup tiet kiem dupc tki nguyen tMen nMen nhung cung gky ra nhiing van de ve mbi trabng, dac biet la viec xu ly rkc thai vk tki che. Trong PCS ckc tMet bi dien tit dupe nhiing trong eke vat dung hang ngky va dieu nky cd the dkn den b nMem eke kerih tki che rac thai.

V a n de ve sire khoe

Ckc birc xa pM ion hba lubn di cung vol ckc tMet bi dien tii trong PCS. Ckc tMet bi dien tu nky dupe mang theo ngubi va ludn d trang thkl boat dpng.

Dieu nky anh hudng den sire khde do bite xa Uen tuc eua tMet bi dien tit.

Tai lieu t h a m khao

[1] Information Systems. Joimal of lEJ Intelligent Transport Sysfem, Vol.2, Issue 1, p.38-45, March 2008.

httpy/www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/3354441/Gadets-to- help-with-dementia.html

[21 See for example the Specknet Computing Consortium of Scottish Universities (www.specknet.org); Centre for Embedded and Networked Sensing at UCLA (www.research.cens.ucla.edu)

[3] QUO W., BLYTHE P., OLIVIER P., SINGH P., HA H. NAM.

Using Immersive Video to Evaluate Future Traveller

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