KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
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Danh gia hu hong cua dirong bp theo chi so phuc vu (PSI),
<iem soat bao tri (MCI), tinh trang mat duong (PCI)
\ia ap dyng voi mot doan tuyen thyc te
• TS. TRAN TRUNG HI^U;ThS. N G U Y I N TRQNG GlAP; PHAM DUY HUNG Trudng Dgi hgc Cong nghe Giao thong vdn tai
TOM TAT: B i i bao trinh bay gi^i phap danh gia chat luqng m5t duong theo mo hinh he thong q u i n ly mat duong PMS (Pavement Management System) dua theo cac chi so phuc vu hien tai ciia dudng PSI (Present Serviceability Index) duoc l|p trong chuong trinh thu nghiem duong bp cua AASHTO; chi so kiem soat b^o tri MCI (Maintenance Control Index) do Bo Xay dyng Nhgt Bin thiet lap va chi so tinh trang mat duong PCI (Pavement Condition Index)
T u KHOA: Quin ly chat luong mat duong, mo hinh danh gia, PMS, PSI, MCI, PCI.
ABSTRACT: The paper presents the solution of evaluating for road pavement quality according to the model of PMS (Pavement management system) based on the current sen/ice indicators of the PSI (Present Serviceability Index) created in the test program road test of AASHTO, MCI (Maintenance Control Index) is set by the Japanese Ministry of Construction and PCI (Pavement Condition Index) KEYV^/ORDS: Pavement quality management, evaluation models, PMS, PSI, MCI, PCI.
I.DATVANDE
Quan ly khai thae va bao tri dUdng bo ia cac edng viec thudngxuyen nham muc dich q u i n ly tuyen eung nhu cic cong trinh tren tuyen trong giai doan khai thae sir dyng, trong do d i n h g i i hien trang mat dydng, du b i o hU hong va de xuat bien phap sifa ehda la mpt van de quan trpng.
Oe dat duoc mue dieh tren thi ngoai eac phuang phap thit cong da btet, con ed eac phuong phap danh g i i hten dai cd the xem xet i p dung.
He thong quan ly mat dUdng la mot trong nhdng eong cu quan trpng nhat doi vdi cic nha q u i n ly mang ludi dudng. Thuc te hten nay eho thay, ngan saeh nha nude
eho edng t i e b i o tri dUdng bp l i rat han che eho nen tao ra cong cy va phUong phap tro giup cie eo quan q u i n ly tim duoc phUdng i n chi phi hieu qua tdt nhat de duy tri mat dudng cd dit mUc phue vu trong mpt thdt ky nhat djnh la ri't can thiet.
Hien nay, nude ta dang ap dung eo ci'u quin ly khat thae dudng theo mo hinh sy nghiep, day la md hinh quan ly tap trung theo ke hoaeh, don vj hoat ddng theo von su nghiep, cac dan vi thanh vien thudc Nha nude q u i n ly. Vdi each quan ly tren eho thi'y, bo miy quan ly edn eong kenh, so luong ein bp, cong nhan vien dong v i hieu q u i cdn rat thap. Ngoai md htnh tren eon ed hai md hinh quan ly khae, do la q u i n ly theo doanh nghiep va quan ly theo mo hinh eong ty hda don vj sU nghiep. d Viet Nam thudng can eU vao cac cac thdng tin ghi nhin de dua ra doi sach hop ly eho phuong an duy tu sifa chUa dUdng, cae thdng tin dd thudng la so lieu thiet ke va thi eong; sd lieu ve duy tu sifa chUa v i eii tao; sd lieu ve moi trUdng, don gia vat lieu; so lieu ve d i n h gia tinh trang mat dudng; cac tieu ehuan va mo hinh ve tinh nang sir dyng... Dae btet, vtee d i n h g i i tinh trang mat dudng cdn khi thd so, chit yeu la eae thdng sd si! dyng edn khi don le, nha't la viee sU dung mot md hinh danh gta ve ti'nh nang sir dyng con itduoe sif dyng,
Cd ri't nhieu mo hinh q u i n ly va danh g i i chat lupng dudng, dien hinh nhu PMS, RoSyBASE, HDM, ROME. . [l,2].Trong bai b i o nay chi gidi thieu ve viec dng dyng mo hinh q u i n ly PMS de thUe hien danh gii chat lUong mat dudng doi vdi mot tuyen dUdng ey the.
Mo hinh he thong quan ly mat dUdng PMS la mpt edng cu ho tro don vj quan ly tuyen trong viee hien thi true quan dU lieu tinh trang mat dudng giup danh gia v i quan iy chat luong mat dUdng, He thdng cd cae chUc nang ca ban nhu tao tap dU lieu PMS nhd thuat t o i n dong bp; tinh t o i n v i tich hop eae phan dCr lieu; hien thj true quan gia trj dU lieu tinh trang mat dudng; thiet l i p cie gidi han tieu ehuan quan ly tinh trang mat dUdng; phin tieh thong ke tinh trang mat dUdng. Tiiy theo ten ehuong trinh cu the cita he thong PMS, giao dien sir dung cd the co sU khae nhau nhi't djnh, nhin ehung tuong dot de sif dung. Moi trudng sif dung la b i n g ti'nh Ms-Excel ket hpp vdt cong cu lap trinh VBA dUOc sif dung de phit trien chUOng trinh
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phil hop vdi ddi tupng ngudi diing quan ly tuyen d cie chi cue quan ly dUdng bo hoae n h i thau b i o tri, Viec xay dting eosd ddlieu (CSDL) dudng bp thong qua phan mem MS-Excel, CSDL dupe nhap vao thudng bao gdm 4 nguon:
CSDL kiem ke dUdng bp; CSDL tinh trang mat dUdng;
CSDL lieh sif b i o tri dudng bp; CSDL lUu lUOng gtao thong.
2. Npi DUNG PHUONG P H A P
Sau eong doan nhap va dong bp CSDL, dU lieu PMS hten thi thudng phin ra eho tifng phan doan m i t dudng d i i 100m hoac vai tram met vdi cae dU lieu ehi tiet d eie cdt tuong Ung, phan thanh eae nhdm thong tin nhU: nhdm thdng lin tuyen; nhdm thong tin tinh trang mat dudng;
nhdm thdng tin Ijch sif bao tri; nhom ddlieu thUnhat dupe thu t h i p bang xe k h i o sat ehuyen dyng hoac cac phuong phap khao sat phit hop duoc phan le, gom 3 chi so: dp go ghe, chieu siu han lun vet banh xe (HLVBX), ti le nirt. Hien nay da dang ed nhUng phUdng phip d i n h gia ehat lUong, tuoi tho mat dUdng theo tifng ehi so rieng le nhu ehi sd dp go ghe, ehi so HLVBX hay chi so vet nift. Cae ket q u i d i n h gia nay thudng mang tinh tham khao va cd sU sai khic nhat djnh giUa ket qua ciia cic t i c gia khie nhau v i thudng khdng mang tinh he thong.
Sau diy, nhdm t i e g i i gidi thieu 3 ehi so tdng hop danh gia tinh trang mat dudng duoc tinh toan tCf cac dU lieu dau vao va 3 chi so don tren, Dd l i chi so phue vu hien tai eiia dudng PSI (Present Serviceability Index} duac l i p trong ehuong trinh thir nghiem dUdng bp eiia AASHTO [3];
chi so kiem soat bao tri MCI (Maintenance Control Index) do Bp Xay dung Nhit Bin thiet lap va ehi so tinh trang mat dudng PCI (Pavement Condition Index) eung l i mpt loai chi so chat luong mat dudng va eung dUpc sifdung tUOng doi rong rai 6 My, chau Au, Trung Quoe v i duge dda vao trong hudng dan tinh t o i n theo TCCS 07-2013 dViet Nam;
PS! - 5,03 - 1,9 X log {1+SW - 1,38 (RD]' - 0,01 V c T ? (1) Trong do. SV - Chi sd die trUng dae trUng cho dp go ghe mat dudng; RD - Chieu sau HLVBX (inch); C - Ty le nift mat dudng (ft/l 000 ft=); P - Ty le v i mat dUdng (ft/1000 ft^}.
Chi so MCI duoe xae dinh theo tri so nho nhat trong cac cong thUc tinh dUdi d i y :
MC/ = 10 - 1,48 X C-^ - 0,29 x D°' - 0,47 x P^ (2) M G ^ = 1 0 - 1 , 5 1 xC*'^-0,23xD'''' (3) MCI, ^10-2,23 xC^ (4) MCI^ = 1 0 - 0,54 X D°' (5) Trong do: F - Chi so dae trUng die trung eho do go
ghe mat dudng, dupe chuyen dot tifehl so IRI; D-Chieu sau HLVBX (mm); C - Ty le nUt m i t dUdng (%).
Chi so PCI thudng dUOc torn t i t theo 6 bUdc, trong do can xae dinh loai, mdc dp va mat dp hu hdng; xie dinh so diem khau trU CDV va tinh chi so tinh trang mat dUdng PC1=100-CDV
Thdng qua viee hien thi 5 ehi so tinh trang mat dUdng (bao gom 3 chi so thu thap tif k h i o sat v i 3 chi so tong hop PSI, MCI, PCI) eung vdi ehi so cudng do mat dUdng, he thdng se ho trd rat tot eho viec d i n h gia tong the chat luang cung nhu mUe dd phye vu cita mat dudng.
3. Vl DU OANH GlA M&T CONGTRINH CU TH^
Sau d i y bai b i o sif dung phuong phap dinh gia theo md hinh PMSde nghien eifti danh gia chat luong mat dudng ciia cdng trinh QL21, doan Ling Hoa Lae di Xuin Mat.
3.1. Hien trang diTan va ket qua ti'nh
Doan tuyen dat tieu ehuan cap 111 dong bSng. Nen dudng chil yeu dang d i p binh thudng va nifa d i o dip. Mat dudng be tdng nhua, mot sd doan d i dupe sifa ehda cue bp va hoan thanh, Doan tuyen nhieu eho bt huhong dUdI hinh thUc lun eye bo, hin, liin, niit mat rita, nift ngang doc,..
Bdng 3.1 gidt thieu md ta thong tin dU lieu dau vao eua doan tuyen nghien cUu vdl cie thdng tin nhu loat hinh hu hong, mUe do hU hong mat dudng, cht so eudng do di kem b i n g ket q u i do bSng phUOng phip tam ep ciJmg. Va ket q u i tinh euoi citng cua cie ehi so PSI, MCI, PCI tUOng Ung tinh theo eong thi^e de xuat d tren.
Bing 3.1. Kit qui khio sit tinh trang mit dudng vi ehi so PSI,
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3.2. Danh gia tinh trang mat di/cmg theo chi so PSI vh MCI
Viec phan hang, xep loai danh g i i tinh trang mat dudng CO the danh gia thong qua gia tri cita eic chi so quan trpng don le nhu IRI, HLVBX, vet nirt nhU [5,6]. Theo chi sd PSI va MCI cd the tinh toan va d i n h gia theo phan quy dmh ciia AASHTO [3] v i theo quy dinh do Bp Xay dung Nhat Bin thiet lap [4].
Cd the thUe hien viec danh g i i bang true quan thong qua each phan chia thang do chat luong mat dudng eua ehi sd PSI va MCI. Trong do, PSI dUOc chia thang 5 mde tU 0 den 5 v i MCI dUOc chia thanh 10 mUc tif 0 den 10.Theo do, ket qua d i n h gia eiia tuyen dUdng khao sit theo ehi sd PSI duac the hien d Bang 3.2, Hinh 3.1; theo ehi sd MCI duoe the hien 6 Bdng 3.3, Hinh 3.2 dUdi dang thong ke bang va thong ke bleu, Ket qua danh g i i eho thay, doan tuyen QL21 vi eung mdi dUpc n i n g ci'p sifa chUa nen chat lupng mat dudng edn tUong doi tot, g i i trt PSI rai chu yeu vao mien chat luong trung binh va trung binh kha (PSI = 2,5 den 3,5), chi ed 5% chit luong rai v i o vitng xau (PSI - 2 den 2,5). Khong ed viing hU hdng rat xi'u hay tot. Ngoai ra, cac vi tri khic eon lai tren tuyen khdng cd hu hdng tren tuyen cd the coi la chat luong tot (PSI > 3,5).Theogii tri cita MCI cung cho ket qua kha tUong dong, ed den 90% chat lupng mat dudng vi tri hu hdng cd chi't luong trung binh v i k h i (35% chat luong trung binh Ung vdi MCI - 6 den 7 va 55% chat luong kha i^ng vdi MCI = 7 din 8), khdng ed ehat luong trung binh yeu va chat luang tot.
Nhin ehung, ket qua danh g i i theo quan diem ciia tri so PSI v i MCI cho ket qua tuong doi tuong dong ve chat lupng mat dudng xe chay theo cic p h i n doan da chta. Chi cd ket qua danh g i i theo PSI eho nhii'ng g i i tri nghiem ngit hon va cd ve mang dp chinh xac hay dp phan loai eu the hon so vdi ket qua d i n h g i i theo MCI.
Bing 3.2
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Hinh 3.2: Kit qui khao sit tinh trang mit dudng vi eh! si MCI Kit q u i d i n h g i i ttnh trang mat dUdng theo PCI (Bdng 3.1) tuy cd ket q u i khong cd nhieu khic biet nhUng cdn kem ehinh xic theo cic mUc do danh gia,
3.3. Danh gia tinh trang mat di/cmg theo ch! so PSI va MCI diin bien theo thai gian
Mot trong nhUng y nghTa cita eac cht so tdng hap PSI, MCl la giup danh gia duac tinh trang mat dUdng va sU anh hudng ciia tCfng thong so ddn fe. Sau day bat b i o se tiep tuc xem xet mot so dieu kien gia djnh ve su phit trien mUe dp hu hdng cita mat dudng theo cic thong sd dd va danh gia sU thay ddi qua cac chi so tong hpp PSI va MCI.
Dieu kien g i i thiet la sau 3 n i m , mUe dd hU hdng cita mat dudng tai eae vi trt hU hdng tang gap 1,5 lan theo hai ehi so ddn le la ehi so nUt/va 6 ga (C/P), ehi so IRI va HLVBX.
Bdng 3.4,3.5 va Hinh 3.3,3.4 gidi thieu thong ke p h i n bo gia tri PSI, MCI cua tinh trang mat dUdng tai nhimg vi tri ed hu hdng tren tuyen QL21 khi mde dp hu hdng tang tang 1,5 lan sau 3 nam. Ket qua tinh t o i n eho thay, tuyen khi mde dp hu hong tang 1,5 lan theo cie chi so ve be mat
87
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
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la IRI, chi sd nirt, va, 6 ga (C, P), gia tri PSI da cd sU thay doi k h i rd ret, da ed nhQng hu hdng duae xep vao loai rat xau (PSI<2 va MCI<6), hU hdng di kem chat lupng mat dudng mUe dp trung binh, yeu la 90% (PSI = 2,5 den 3,0). Khong ed vung hu hdng kem tinh trang mat dUdng trung binh kha trd len (PSI>3}, Theo g i i tr; cita MCI cung cho ket qua thay doi theo ehieu hudng nhu viy, dit rang sU thay dot cita MCI theo ehieu hudng xi'u di la eham va it hon so vdt ehi so PSI.
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4. KET LUAN
Bai b i o nghten cUu eic mo hinh quan ly danh gii chat luong mat dudng hten nay va mo hinh q u i n ly PMS de danh g i i tinh trang mat dUdng, tinh toan danh g i i cho mot doan tuyen cy the tai tuyen QL21.
Ket qua d i n h gia theo PSI va MCI ed dp tin eay va co tinh tuang dong; ket qua d i n h g i i theo PCI tuy khdng cd nhieu khac biet nhung cdn kem chinh xae v i phu thuoc nhieu vao cam ti'nh ngudi thiet lap tinh t o i n hoic eong tac khio sit do ddi hoi phil thong ke mpt each ehinh xac mUe do va loai hinh hu hdng mat dudng (nhu chiing loai vet nut: ngang, doe, mai rua, parabol, nut phan anh...) ma nhCrng thong tin nay thudng khong ed trong dif lieu khao sit mat dudng doan tuyen,
CCJng bang each tUong tti nhu vay, vdi nhUng eon dudng da bl hU hdng can sUa chOa, ddn vl quan ly co the dua ra nhdng phUdng an sita ehUa phu hop, ed the la sifa ehUa t o i n dien, ed the la sifa chCra phin ky va sd dung cic chi sd tong hop PSI, MCI tren de du doan, kiem tra va danh g i i hieu qui.Cdthe do la cac phuang i n sda chUa nho nhu tram/va vet nift, 6 g i , chong liin cue bp hay cic phuong an sda chQa Idn hon nhUtham lai matdudng, cao bdc...
Mat khac, vdi so lieu thong ke chat lupng mat dudng hang nam, so lieu ve giai phap va bleu q u i sifa ehda hang n i m , dua theo hat chi so tong hop PSI, MCI cd the co nhUng b i o eio, danh gia chat luang v i dien bien sU suy giam chat lUOng mat dUdng, dU bao tuoi thp va diln ti^n cita qua trinh suy giam chat luang mat dUdng do.
Hinh 3.3: Kit qui khio sat tinh trang mat dudng va chisP'PSI khi muc do huhdng tang
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Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. Nguyen Minh Khoa,Vu Hoai Nam (2014), Qudn/y khai thdc dddng 6 to, NXB. GTVT.
[2],Tieu chuan cdsdTCCS 07:2013/TCE)BVN (2013), Tieu chudn ky thuat bao dddng thudng xuyen dddng bg. Bo GTVT.
[3]. Carey, W. N. and P E. Iriek (1962), The Pavement Serviceability Performance Concept, In Highway Research Board Bulletin 250, HRB, National Research Council, Washing, D.c,
[4]. Research on Planning of Pavement Maintenance and Rehabtlity (in Japanese) (1981), Wot(ona/Hig/iivayRrs(
Division, Road Bureau, Ministry of construction and Public Works Research Institute, Ministry of Construction.
[5]. Bp GTVT (2013), Tieu chui'n cO sdTCCS 07:2013/
TCDBVN, Tiiu ehuan Ky thugt bao dddng thddng xuyin dudng bg.
(6].ThS. Luong Xuan Ngoc (2015), Nghien cdu dngdung thiet bj khdo sdt tinh trang mat dddng phue vu lap ke hogch bdo tfi dddng bg. Luin van Thae sy, Trudng Bai hpc GTVT.
Ngay nhan bai: 08/02/2020 Ngay chap nhan dang: 25/3/2020 Ngifdi phSn bi^n:TS. Vu Hoai Nam
TS. DUcmg Tat Sinh
Hinh 3.4: Kit qui khio sa t tinh trang mit dudng vi chi so MCI khi mue dd huhdng ting