Tên đề tài: Các lỗi ngữ pháp của sinh viên học tiếng Anh trường Đại học Dân lập Hải Phòng khi nói tiếng Anh và cách giải quyết. Nội dung và yêu cầu cần giải quyết trong luận văn. về lý thuyết, thực hành, số liệu tính toán và hình vẽ). Đánh giá chất lượng của luận án về mặt thu thập và phân tích tài liệu, số liệu ban đầu, giá trị lý luận và thực tiễn của đề tài.
INTRODUCTION
- Rationale
- Aims of the study
- Methods of the study
- Scope of the study
- Design of the study
Analyze the most common grammatical errors in English sentences while speaking related to Subject and Verb. The survey questionnaire was designed as the key data collection tool of the study. The study consists of three parts: Introduction, Development, Conclusion _ Part I: Introduction showing reasons for choosing the study, objectives,.
DEVELOPMENT
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
- Understanding speaking skill
- Sentence definitions
- Subject
- What is concord?
- Significance of grammar in speaking English
As A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language stated, "the subject is often described as the constituent that defines the subject of the sentence _ that which the sentence is 'about' and which it presupposes as its point of departure". Unlike the above definition, which is more about syntactic, this one is more about semantic part of the sentence. Using the wrong words or inconsistent punctuation can actually change the entire meaning of the sentence, thereby leading to miscommunication.
COMMON GRAMMATICAL ERRORS RELATED TO
Mistakes in combination between Subject and Verb
- Subject is not defined clearly
- Elements standing between subject and Verb
- Elements of subject are connected to each other by the conjunction ―or‖ 13
- V-ing is used as Subjects
- Collective Noun and definition of ―collective‖
To clearly define the subject in this case, students should carefully consider the number of nouns used as the subject of the sentence. His father, as well as his mother and his brother, like to listen to music. His father, as well as his mother and his brother, like to listen to music.
If there are two nouns or pronouns as the subject of a verb and they are joined together by the conjunction ―or‖, the one near the Verb will determine the verb. However, sometimes the collective Noun refers to the plural and in this case the Verb must be plural. The majority of the + plural noun + plural verb Ex: The majority believe that we are not in danger.
The outstanding feature to remember is that when Subject is a collective Noun, the Verb can be either singular or plural. When we use sentences with ―there is‖ and ―there are‖ we often refer to the sequence like this:. To correct a lack of subject/verb agreement, learners must identify the subject of the verb and then change the verb to agree with that subject.
Do not be misled by words that may come between the subject and the verb.
Common mistakes in tense usage
- Shift in tense
- The general truth
- Mistakes between the present perfect tense and the simple past tense
There is no clear future tense in English that corresponds to the tense/. time relation for present and past. The general truth is an event that happened in the past or in the present and with great possibility will happen in the future. The general truth often causes problems for a sentence in the past tense because learners tend to use the past tense to express the general truth in this case.
The general truth often lingers for a long time, which means that the verb in the present tense is always necessary. With a past tense word (last week, last month, yesterday):. http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com) We use the past simple for past events or actions that are not related to the present and the present, perfect for actions that started in the past and are still happening now take place OR for completed actions that have a connection to the present. The errors occur when students use the simple past tense in the sentence, which requires the present perfect tense.
Therefore, learners must distinguish between the use of the present perfect tense and the simple past tense.
Common mistakes in voice usage
The passive voice is indirect (recipient – verb – performer) and can be weak, clumsy and wordy. The passive voice uses a verb form followed by a past participle (eg, scattered, investigated) and a phrase. If the phrase from is omitted (truncated passive), the reader will not directly know who or what performed the action.
Incorrect: Jockeys exercised their horses; the troughs were filled by the bridegroom; and the stable boys were putting up the hards. Correct: Jockeys exercised their horses; the grooms were filling the troughs; and the stable boys were putting up the hards. The ability to recognize the parts of speech in a sentence will help students to solve various problems such as subject-verb agreement, sentence fragments, etc.
In the process of learning a new language, almost every learner finds grammar difficult and boring. They are often confused with a large amount of complex theory such as rules and structures. Without grammar or with poor knowledge of grammar, they can get confused by complex expressions.
Therefore, having good grammar not only provides students with necessary linguistic elements as well as the standard rules, but also gives them opportunities for better communicative practices in the use of language.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Comment on the interview and survey questionnaires
- Comments on the informants
- Comments on the interview
- Comments on the survey questionnaires
- Purpose of the survey questionnaires
- Design of survey questionnaires
Data collection and analysis
- Interviewing data collection and analysis
- Survey questionnaires data collection and analysis
- Question 2: What do you think about the role of speaking skill?
- Question 3: Do you like learning English grammar?
- Question 4: How important is grammar in English speaking skill?
- Question 5: How often do you make these mistakes when speaking
- Question 6: Why do you make these above mistakes?
Main findings
Speaking, as stated by Chaney & Burd (1998) is "the process of constructing and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols, in a variety of contexts". None‖ and ―No‖ are both used with singular and plural nouns None of the + non-count noun + singular verb. This number is calculated in percentage units and the chart type are bars, pies, tables. The data can be easily seen in the graphs below.
Therefore, this is one of the most common reasons that lead to making grammatical mistakes (which will be described in detail in Reason Analysis). They said that good grammar is the basis of accuracy in foreign language learning, especially in speaking skills learning, because many students speak English without paying attention to grammar structures and give speeches in ambiguity. Besides that, problem with the tongue is also a common reason with a large share with 40% of the students surveyed.
According to Lightbown & Spada, correction for students is one of the tasks of teaching foreign languages. The effect of the correction for the students will be much higher if the teachers do it at the end of each session (follow-up activity). In order to understand, a listener must have a good idea of the background knowledge that the speaker assumes.
So for example, when someone says "Look," "Why don't you come out?", or "John knows," the speaker and the listener both know. although a listener may not be), what there is to see, what the person can get out of, and what John knows. Most of the students surveyed said that speaking as much English as possible is one of the most useful methods to improve their speaking ability and accuracy. It is one of the best and most recommended exercises in spoken English and it works.
As well as for the limitation of knowledge, experience and time, only grammatical errors related to the subject and verb are presented and in each performance only the most common ones are related. Although in this study shortcomings are inevitable due to the writer's lack of experience and knowledge, a small effort has been made to make learning English speaking skills more interesting.
SOME SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
Suggested solutions for teacher
- Creating the comfortable speaking environment
- Positive attitude
- Take the initiative
- Create conditions for learners
- Speaking teaching tips
- Group work and pair work
- How to encourage students to speak
- Perfect time to correct the students‘ errors
You can see this as an opportunity for students to identify errors on their own and correct them as they become apparent. Always demonstrate exactly what he or she should do yourself or with the help of a volunteer. Ask them to tell you what they need to do before they do it (in their native language if necessary) to check they understand.
Don't forget to have feedback time after pair work so students don't feel like they've wasted time. It is often difficult for students to come up with ideas at the same time as they have to cope with the language. If teachers allow students to make mistakes without being corrected, it means that they have unwittingly supported the mistakes they are making.
Therefore, teachers should know how to correct students' mistakes without affecting students' psychology. When teachers worry that correcting students' spoken mistakes in front of their friends will damage their self-confidence. It will be an opportunity for both teachers and students to communicate, exchange and learn from experiences.
M teachers should classify errors and provide suggestions so that students can correct errors based on what they have learned.
Suggested solutions for students
- Simplification
- Ellipsis
- Formulaic expressions
- Time-creating devices
- Be slow and careful
- If learners are not sure how to say something, don‘t say it
- Speak as much as learners can
- Making a plan
- Enrolling on an English course
- Speaking English with their friends
- Speaking English to yourself
- Watching English movies or TV series
- Listening to the English radio
- Reading an article
- Visiting an English-speaking forums/ clubs
There are a number of students surveyed who say that they try to build very complex sentences by using the present perfect tense or conditional sentences when speaking. They also agreed that they should say simple sentences that you have seen many times before, and not what you want to say (complicated sentences). They may feel like they are not expressing their thoughts, but it is an effective English learning method.
To speak economically it is necessary and normal to use ellipses: we do not always speak in complete sentences.' Therefore, it is much better to be slow and correct than to be fluent and make many mistakes. But if they are fluent and make a lot of mistakes, it is much more difficult to correct mistakes and become fluent and correct.
Several students who were asked about the solutions to grammatical mistakes when speaking English said that they should not say things they are not sure about. So it's a good idea to say something different _something they know is correct. They said that they would not be as stressed and would be able to learn to express themselves more easily.
Because it is important not only to learn words, but also to know how to use them in the correct collocations.
CONCLUSION
With the hope that the study can go into more detail later, if I have the opportunity, I would definitely like to do another research on not only grammatical errors related to the two parts of speech in a sentence (subject and verb), but all parts of speech in an English sentence also in English speaking skills. Your answers will be used for the research purposes of my thesis "Grammatic Errors Made by HaiPhong Private University English Studies Students When Speaking English and Solutions". Your completion of this questionnaire will provide valuable information about my thesis and your input is of great help in completing my thesis.
