D A N G L A N H D A O CONG CUOC OOl MOI
H^P Tiic VIET NfiM - fISEfIN (1995 - 2010)
ThS NGUYEN THI MAI
Ndm 2010 Id ndm co nhieu su kien ti-gng dgi ciia Ddng vd ddn tgc ta. Doi vdi ASEAN, ndm 2010 Id ndm ban li de ASEAN ddy mgnh cdc no luc xdy dung cong dong ASEAN. Ndm 2010, Viet Nam ddm duong trgng trdch Chu tich ASEAN, cung Id thdi diem ghi nhdn 15 ndm Viet Nam dong hdnh ciing ASEAN phdn ddu vi hoa binh, dgc lap vdphdt triin.
N
giy 28-7-1995 tai Bnmiy.da dien ra sy kien lieh sir quan trpng ddi vdi tidn trinh hdi nhap cita Viet Nam, Id kdt nap Viet Nam vio ASEAN dugc td chirc.
Nhin lai 15 nam Viet Nam gia nhap ASEAN, thye td lieh sir eiia nudc ta da minh chimg quydt dinh gia nhap ASEAN nam 1995 li mpt budc ngoat trpng dai trdn mat tran ddi ngoai ciia Viet Nam. gdp phan thye hidn ehinh sich ddi ngoai rdng md. da dang hoi, da phuong hoi quan he qudc te, vdi myc tidu hang
diu la cimg cd mdi trudng hoi binh, dn dinh, ddng thdi tranh thii nhung didu kien qudc te thuan lgi cho cdng cupc xay dyng vi bio vd Td qudc. Vide Viet Nam gia nhap ASEAN khdng ehi danh dau budc di diu tidn trong tidn trinh hdi nhap khu vyc va qudc td, ma cdn md diu cho qua trinh thdng nhat Ddng Nam A trong mdt td chirc hgp tic khu vyc chung.
* I Ipc \ ien CT-HC quoc gia Hd Chi Minh
Thu tudng Nguyen Tdn DUng, Chti tick ASEAN 20JO phdt hieu tgi Le khai mac Hoi nghi cdp cao ASEAN 16, Hd Ngi ngdy 8-4-2010
Li thinh vidn ciia ASEAN, Viet Nam da va dang ed mot mdi trudng hda binh, dn dinh dd hpi nhap khu vyc vi qudc td nham phit trien dat nudc. Mat khic, tang cudng sy hieu bidt, tin cay lan nhau gitra Viet Nam va eic nude thanh vien ciia ASEAN.
Tham gia ASEAN, Viet Nam phi duge thg bao viy, cam van, md cira ra vdi thg gidi bgn ngoii. Trd thanh thanh vign ASEAN - mot td ehirc.khu vyc ed uy tin. cd mdi quan he qudc td
52 TAP CHi LjCH SLf O A N G - S6 4/2010
DANG LANH OAO CONG CUOC 06l MOI
rdng rai, li td chirc duy nhit trdn thd gidi cd mdi quan he ddi thoai thanh ea ehe vdi nhidu nude Idn vi td chire qudc td quan trpng ciia thd gidi.
gdp phan cai thidn ding kd vi nang cao vi thd, uy tin ciia Viet Nam trong quan he vdi eic nude d khu vyc ciing nhu trdn thd gidi. ASEAN nhu mdt "sin chai nhd" giup Viet Nam quen din vdi eic luat choi chung cua qudc id trudc khi tham gia vio tien trinh hdi nhap ed quy md rdng Idn ban nhu APEC, WTO...
Tham gia vio ASEAN, Viet Nam khdng chi dtmg lai d vide thye hidn diy dit cam kdt, nhiem vu ciia Hiep hdi, mi edn cd nhidu ddng gdp quan Upng trong vide xic dinh eic phuong hudng hgp tie vi tuong lai phit Uien, quydt sich Idn ciia ASEAN, phii hgp vdi lgi ich ciia Viet Nam, gdp phin tang cudng doin kgt va hgp tic Cling nhu nang eao vai trd vi vi thg qudc td ciia ASEAN. Viet Nam da va dang cimg cac nudc thanh vidn Uong Hidp hdi nd lyc xiy dyng mdt khdi ASEAN doin ket, viing manh va phit trien, tidn tdi xiy dyng mdt cdng ddng ASEAN manh, nang ddng va gan bd chat ehe vdi nhau.
Trong nhtmg nam 1995 - 2000, tinh hinh qudc td cd nhidu chuydn bidn nhanh chdng vi phirc tap. C) trong nude, cdng eudc ddi mdi thu dugc nhidu thinh tyu to Idn, GDP tang binh quin hang nam 7%, mdi nam hon 1,2 trieu lao ddng cd vide lim mdi, giim dupe tren 40 van hd ddi ngheo, khoa hpc cdng nghd, van hda thdng tin, y td, the thao ed budc phit trien, ndn kinh td bat dau cd tich liiy, ddi sdng nhan dan dupe cii thidn ding kd, quan he ddi ngoai khdng ngimg dupe md rdng.
Tmdc tinh hinh do, Dai hdi lin thir VUI (1996) ciia Dang mdt lan nira khing dinh: "Tidp tyc thye hidn dudng ldi ddi ngoai dpe lap ty chii, rdng md,
da phuong hoa va da dang hoi cic quan he ddi ngoai vdi tinh th&i Viet Nam mudn lim ban ciia tat ei cic nudc trong cdng ddng thd gidi, phin diu \i hoa binh ddc lap vi phit tridn"'. Tren co sd quan didm ddi ngoai dd, Dai hdi cting dd ra phuang hudng ddi ngoai cy the trong quan he vdi .ASEAN l i ra sire tang cudng quan he vdi eic nudc lang gidng va cie nude trong td chire ASEAN.
Thang 12-1998, Viet Nam td chire, chu tri thanh cdng Hdi nghi eip cao ASEAN VI tai Ha Ndi, gdp phin duy tri doin kdt. hpp tie vi ciing cd vi thd qudc td ciia ASEAN trong liic Hiep hdi dang d thcri didm khd khan nhit do tic ddng ciia eudc khiing hoing tii chinh tidn te d khu vuc nam 1997. Qua dd, Viet Nam cd them nhidu kinh nghiem de td chirc cac sy kien mang tam qudc te.
Cudi nam 1999, tinh hinh thd gidi tidp tuc didn bien phirc tap, trong bdi einh vira cd nhung thuan lpi vi thdi ea Idn, vira dimg trudc nhung khd khan va thach thirc. HNTU' 4 khda VIII chi rd: "Chii ddng chuan bi cie didu kien cin thigt vg can bd, luit phap vi nhat la vd nhung sin phim ma chimg la cd kha nang canh tranh de hdi nhip thi Uudng khu vuc va thd gidi... ed kd hoach cu thd chii ddng thye hien cie cam kdt Uong khudn khd AFTA" . Hdi nghi dd ra nhidm vy "Xiy dyng Id trinh giam din thud nhap khau theo Hidp dinh uu dai thud quan (CEPT) ip dung trong eic nudc ASEAN va cic cam ket qudc td khac"l
Gia nhip ASEAN dugc 5 nam, Viet Nam tham gia day du vi tich eye vao cic boat ddng ciia Hidp hdi. Qui trinh hdi nhap nhanh chdng vi ddng gdp tich eye ciia Viet Nam dupe cac thinh vidn trong Hiep hdi danh gia eao. De phat huy nhtrng kdt qui ciia cdng tie ddi ngoai ndi chung
TAP CHi LICH SLf D A N G - S6 4/2010 53
O A N G L A N H D A O CONG CUOC 0 6 l MOI
va quan he Viet Nam - ASEAN ndi ridng, Nghi quygt Dai hdi Dai bidu toan qudc lan thir IX (2001) ciia Dang khing dinh: "Thye hidn nhit quin dudng ldi ddi ngoai ddc 1^, ty chii, rdng md, da phuong hda, da dang hda cic quan he quoc te. Viet Nam san sing li ban, li ddi tic tin cay cua cie nudc trong cpng ddng qudc td, phan diu vi hda binh, ddc lap vi phit tridn". Dai hpi IX xac dinh tang cudng quan he vdi cac nude Ddng Nam A li mdt uu tidn hang diu trong quan he ddi ngoai ciia nudc ta Dai hdi chi rd: "Nang cao hidu qui vi chat lupng hgp tic vdi eic nudc ASEAN, cimg xay dyng Ddng Nam A thinh khu vyc hoi binh, khdng ed vti khi hat nhan, dn dinh, hgp tic cimg phit trien"^.
Diy manh hon nira qui trinh hpi nhap kinh td qudc td vi khu vyc, ngiy 27-11-2001, Bd Chinh tri ra Nghi quydt vd hgi nhip kinh td qudc td nham cu thd hoi chu fruong Idn dugc ndu ra tai Dai hdi Dai bidu toan qudc lan thir LX eiia Ding la: Chii ddng hdi nhip kinh td qudc td vi khu vyc theo tinh than phit huy tdi da ndi lye, nang cao hidu qui hgp tic qudc td, dim bio dgc lap ty ehii vi dinh hudng xa hdi chii nghla, bio ve lgi ich din tgc, an ninh qudc gia, giii gin bin sic van hoi dan tdc, bio ve mdi trudng.
Tidp dd, HNTU 9 khoi DC kidm didm boat ddng ddi ngoai trong nira nhidm ky ciia Dai hdi IX, trdn CO sd kign dinh dudng ldi ddi ngoai dgc lap, ty chii, rdng md, da phuang hoi, da dang hoi.
Hdi nghi chi rd trong quan he vdi ASEAN, Viet Nam "Tich eye gdp phan ciing cd su gan kdt, giir vtmg nhiing nguydn tic co ban cua ASEAN, thuc day quan he hgp tic npi khdi vi vdi bdn ngoai"^
Trong 20 nam ddi mdi, Viet Nam da md rdng ding kd quan he hgp tie qudc td vd
"chidu rdng", Dai hdi lan thir X (2006) eiia
Ding nhan manh yeu ciu: "Dua cic quan he quoc td da dugc thidt lap vao chigu sau, dn dinh, bgn vting", "Hgi nhap sau ban va day du ban vdi cie thg che kinh tg toan cau, khu vyc va song phuong"^.
15 nam gia nhip ASEAN, Viet Nam cd nhieu ddng gdp cho sy phat trign eiia ASEAN nhu:
hoin thanh y tudng ASEAN bao gdm ci 10 nudc Ddng Nam A, thye hien hoi giii khu vyc tao dung mot Ddng Nam A thdng nhit, khdng cdn bj phan hoi thanh hai nhdm nudc ddi dich nhau; chit dgng thuc dky nhidu chuong trinh, dy an tip trung vio xoi ddi giam ngheo, tridn khai sang kidn lidn kdt ASEAN (lAl) n h ^ thu hep khoang cich phat tridn, hd trg thanh vien mdi hpi nhap khu vyc; trong ITnh vyc ddi ngoai cua ASEAN, Viet Nam cd nhieu ddng gdp tich eye cho vide thuc diy quan he hgp tie gitra ASEAN vdi cic nudc vi cic ben ddi thoai quan trgng.
Viet Nam dua ra nhieu sang kien cd gii tri gdp phan thiic diy hgi nhap khu vyc, dam bio ASEAN phit tridn mot cich thdng nhat vi hii hda., nhu cic sing kidn: Lap dudng day ndng gitra cac cap lanh dao cua ASEAN; cai tidn phuang thirc tign hanh Hgi nghi Bg trudng Ngoai giao (AMM); lap quan he lam viec chinh thirc vdi nhidu td chirc qudc td; tuong trg tu phap trong ASEAN; chuong trinh tidu vtmg sdng Md Cdng, thuc diy tam giac phat trien Viet Nam- Campuchia-Lio, thu hep khoing cich giiia cic nude trong khdi; dy an phit trien hanh lang Ddng-Tay (WEC); td chirc le hgi du lieh Ddng A, tuin van hda ASEAN, xiy dyng cdng ddng van hoi ASEAN... Vide Viet Nam la mot trong 5 nudc ASEAN sdm phd chuan Hidn chuong ASEAN (3-2008), thd hidn sy cam ket manh me va tich eye ddi vdi ASEAN, dong thdi li minh
54 TAP CHi UCH SLf D A N G - S6 4/2010
OANG L A N H DAO CONG CUOC 001 MOI
chting quan trpng vd ehinh sich tich eye, chii ddng hdi nhap khu vyc vi qudc td cua Viet Nam.
Thing 2- 2009, Viet Nam bd nhiem Dai sir, Dai dien thudng trye diu tign tai Hiep hdi eic qudc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN), Viet Nam la nudc thir hai sau Xinhgapo eir dai sir, mpt lin niia khang dinh Viet Nam tham gia va ddng gdp mdt cich tich eye, chii dpng, cd trach nhidm trong hpp tic ASEAN va thye thi cic thda thuin chung ciia Hidp hdi. Trong bii phit bidu nhan ngiy thanh lip ASEAN (8-8-2009), Thii tudng Chinh phu Nguyen Tin Dting khang dinh: "Viet Nam ludn coi hgp tie trong khu vyc Ddng Nam A va ASEAN li mdt bd phin quan trpng trong chinh sich ddi ngoai dpe lip, ty chii, da dang hda vi lang gidng hiiu nghi cua minh"''. "Viet Nam ehii tmong tham gia hgp tic ASEAN vdi tinh than 'tich eye, chii ddng, ed trich nhidm", vi hda binh, dn dinh vi phit tridn d khu vyc va trdn the gidi;
gdp phin xiy dyng mdt ASEAN ngiy cang lien ket chat che, vung manh va hpp tie cd hieu qui"^. Tidp dd, trong bii phit bieu tai phidn bd mac Hdi nghi cap cao ASEAN 15, Thii tudng Nguygn Tan Diing nhan manh: "Hgp tic ASEAN cd tim quan trpng chign luge ddi vdi Viet Nam"'. "Viet Nam se ludn li thanh vidn tich eye, chit ddng vi ed trich nhidm, gdp phan xiy dung mdt ASEAN ngiy eing lien kdt chat che va viing manh"'".
Vdi viec tich eye ddng gdp stic minh vio sy Idn manh ciia ASEAN, vai trd, vi thg ciia Viet Nam trong khu vyc ngiy cang nang cao, Khang dinh vai trd cua Viet Nam trong ASEAN, dng Ong Keng Yong, Tdng Thu ky Hiep hdi cic qudc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN) chi rd:
'Trudc bet nhin vio bin dd ciia Hidp hdi, Viet Nam di thye sy gan kdt vimg phia Bac vdi phia
Nam cua khu vyc Ddng Nam A. Do dd. qudc gia nay cd mdt vai trd rat quan trpng. Xet vd mat dia ly va nhin khau hoc, ddng gdp chinh cua Viet Nam khi trd thinh mdt thinh \idn ciia ASEAN la da kdt hpp mpi vimg eiia Ddng Nam A thinh mdt khdi thdng nhit"''.
Vide tham gia hgp tic kinh td. thuong mai Viet Nam - ASEAN gdp phan lim lanh manh hda mdi trudng kinh doanh trong nudc, tao budc chuydn bidn tich eye trong chu>en ddi ca cau kinh td nudc ta, tao dieu kidn cho Viet Nam md rdng thi trudng thuong mai. Thdng qua sy hgp tie dd giiip cho cic ca quan lidn quan eiia Viet Nam cd them kinh nghiem, ky nang quin ly khi tham gia eic boat ddng kinh td, thuong mai khu vyc vi qudc te. He thdng chinh sich kinh te, dac bidt li chinh sich vd thug din dan dupe hoan thien, phii hgp hon vdi nhung thdng Id va tidu chuan qudc te, tao khudn khd phap ly cho viec md cira thi trudng trong tidn trinh hdi nhip. Diy li budc di diu tidn dua Viet Nam hdi nhap vdi ndn kinh tg thg gidi, ddng thdi ciing giiip Viet Nam phit trign kinh tg, sin xuit frong nude, nang cao dupc khi nang canh tranh ciia ngn kinh tg, hd trp Viet Nam tidp can thi trudng ngoai khu vyc.
Chinh vi vay, Viet Nam khdng ngimg diy manh quan he kinh td thuong mai vdi cic nudc ASEAN. Ndu nhu nam 1993 kim ngach thuong mai hai chieu Viet Nam - ASEAN mdi dat gan 2 ty USD thi dgn nam 2005 kim ngach budn ban hai chieu tang khoang 5 lan so vdi nam 1993, trong dd gii tri xuit khiu ciia Viet Nam dat 4,4 ty
U S D ' I Nam 2008, kim ngach xuat khiu cua Viet Nam sang thi Uudng ASEAN khoang 11 t\- USD. Dy kidn ddn 2010. kim ngach xuat khau vio thi trudng nay dat khoing 14,5 ty USD '.
TAP CHi UCH SLf O A N G - S6 4/2010 55
O A N G L A N H OAO CONG CUOC 0 6 l MOI
Tham gia ASEAN, Viet Nam cd eo hdi thu hut dau tu nude ngoai. Dau tu cua eic nudc ASEAN vao Viet Nam ngay cang tang.
Cuoi nam 1995, cic nude ASEAN ed 244 dy in vdi sd vdn 3,256 ty USD. Tinh ddn ngiy 20-10-2009, theo sd lieu ciia Cue Diu tu nudc ngoai (Bp Kd hoach vi Dau tu), cic nudc ASEAN cd 1.486 dy in cdn hidu lyc vdi tdng vdn dau tu dang ky khoing 46 ty USD. Trong sd nay, Xinhgapo giu vi tri din diu vdi 758 dy in, tidp dd li Malaixia vdi 337 dy in. Dau tu cita cie nude ASEAN vio Viet Nam da gdp phin cii thidn mdi trudng dau tu d Viet Nam, ddng thdi cting gdp phin diy manh CNH, HDH. Cie dy an diu tu eiia cie nude ASEAN vio Viet Nam da tao vide lim cho hing tram nghin ngudi, tang ngudn thu ding kd cho ngin sach Nhi nudc.
Vide tham gia hgp tic chuydn nginh vdi ASEAN giup Viet Nam tidp can vdi cdng nghd tidn tidn, tranh thu kinh nghiem phit tridn va quin ly, ning cao nang lyc can bd, tranh thii dugc trang thidt bi hidn dai, gdp phan tang cudng hidu bidt vi hiru nghi giiia nhin din Viet Nam vdi nhin din cie nudc trong khu vyc.
Nhd tham gia tich eye vio cic ITnh vyc hgp tic ciia ASEAN, dpi ngii cin bd vi bp miy, eo chd d cic CO quan chuydn mdn da dan dn dinh, lim vide cd nd ndp, cd phan cdng phan nhiem rd rang, lam cho hgp tic Viet Nam - ASEAN ngiy cang phit tridn va ed hieu qui. Tham gia hgp tic da phuong giup Viet Nam thuc diy hgp tic song phuong vdi eic nudc thanh vien ASEAN, thdng nhat dugc tidng ndi chung cita ASEAN dd diu tranh tai nhieu dien dan qudc td trong nhung van dd lidn quan.
Tir thing 7 - 1995 den nay, Viet Nam trd thanh mdt bd phin khdng the tich rdi cua dai gia dmh ASEAN. Vi thd ciia Viet Nam d khu vyc ngiy eing dugc cimg cd, Viet Nam ludn mong mudn thiic diy lien ket ngi khdi, tang cudng quan he hgp tie gitra ASEAN vdi cac ddi tie bdn ngoii nham xay dyng mot ASEAN doan kdt, thdng nhat, bao dam vai trd chii dao cua Hiep hgi trong vide duy tri hda binh, dn dinh, hgp tic va phit trien. Mac dti thdi gian tham gia ASEAN chua dai, song Viet Nam ty hio vd nhung ddng gdp vi dau an cua minh vdi eic nudc ASEAN. Hidn nay, Viet Nam dang cimg vai cic thanh vien khic ciia Hiep hdi nd lyc day manh hgp tic va hgi nhip, hudng tdi xiy dung thinh cdng mot cdng ddng ASEAN vio nam 2015.
1. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hoi Dgi biiu todn quoc lan thu VIU, CTQG, H, 1996, tr. 120
2, 3. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn hen Hoi nghi lan thu tu Ban Chdp hdnh Trung ucmg khoa VIII, CTQG, H, 1998, tr. 60, 76-77
4. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hoi Dgi biiu todn quoc lan thif Di,CTQG,H,200\,tr.\2\
5. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Nghi quyet Hoi nghi Idn thir chin Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uong khoa IX, CTQG, H, 2004, tr. 55-56
6. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hoi Dgi biiu todn qudc Idn thu-X, CTQG, H, 2006, tr. 112-114
7,S,\\.Bdo Nhdn Ddn, ngay 8-8-2009, tr.3,4,3,3 9,10. Bdo Nhdn Ddn, ngay 26-10-2009, tr. 4,4
12. Vai trd cua Viet Nam trong ASEAN, Nxb Thong tin, H, 2007, tr.2191.
56 TAP CHI UCH SU' O A N G - S6 4/2010