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Hi T H O N G H A M - HAO - D M DAO OT VINH LINH TRONG KHANG CHIEN C H O N G MY CUU NlTOTC
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NGUYfeN TI^N LVC*
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hi nhfic ddn dia d a n h Vinh Linh, ngUdi t a t h u d n g nghi ngay den hinh a n h con sdng Ben Hai, c l u H i l n LUdng, Cdt cd gidi tuyen cflng nhflng ehien edng ehdi lgi lfim r a n g rd t r a n g sfl vfing cfla dan tdc. NhUng it ngUdi biet duge ndi day, trong cude k h a n g ehien chd'ng My cflu nUdc tflng tdn tai mdt hf thd'ng H i m - Hfio - Dja dao lien hodn dfiy dac, ddc dao cd mgt khdng hai t r e n dfi't nUde ta.Sau khi Hif p dinh Gidnevd dugc ky ket (20-7-1954), dfi't nude t a t a m thdi chia lfim hai m i l n Bfic - N a m vdi hai n i n chfnh trj khae nhau, Ifi'y vi tuyen 17 (sdng Ben Hai) lfim gidi tuyen q u a n sU t a m thdi. Tfl dd Vinh L m h trd thfinh d i u c l u gidi tuyen, lfi t i l n ddn cua m i l n Bfic xa hdi chu nghia.
Ddng thdi cung la hfiu phUdng trUe tiep, lfim bfin dap de cac Mc lugng each m a n g tien vfio N a m tiep tyc hofin thfinh cude efich mang d a n tgc dan chfl n h a n dan.
De qud'c My vdi am mUu chia cfit lau dfii da't nUdc ta, cfit dflt sy chi vifn eua mien Bac eho chien trUdng m i l n Nam da tien hfinh mdt cugc d a n h phfi hfly dift het sflc da m a n ehUa tflng thfi'y trong lich sfl chien t r a n h t h e gidi len k h u vUe Vinh Linh.
Chflng h u y dgng 60.000 l i n chide may bay
eac loai, trong dd g i n 4.000 l i n chide phao dfii B52, ddi xud'ng Vinh Linh 560.000 tfi'n bom. Hfing trfim ndng phao cd tfl 105 den 406mm dat ben bd N a m vfi cae h a m ddi tfiu ngofii B i i n Ddng bfin 727.000 qua dai bae.
Tfnh binh q u a n mdi ngUdi dan b k h u vUc nfiy p h a i chju 7 tfi'n bom vfi 80 qua dai bac (1). De qudc My djnh bien Vinh Linh t h a n h mdt vflng dfi't h o a n g lanh, khdng ed sy sd'ng n h u t r e n cung trfing (2).
De ddi phd vdi sU tfin bao cua ke thfl, vdi t i n h t h i n "tfi't ca cho t i l n tuyen", "tfi't ea d l d a n h t h i n g " , "tfi't ca vi m i l n N a m r u g t thjt", "mgt tfi'c k h d n g di mdt li khdng rdi", q u a n vfi d a n Vinh Linh da vUgt qua mgi khd khfin gian khd, chju d y n g hy sinh kien eUdng b a m t r y , gifl vflng vj t r i t i l n tieu cfla m i l n Bac xa hdi chfl nghia, lfim cho d y a cho cugc chien dfi'u giai phdng m i l n N a m .
Khi mfi nhflng gi edn tdn tai t r e n mfit dfi't deu trd thfinh mye tieu de ke thfl d a n h p h a vfi tieu dift, q u a n vfi d a n Vinh Linh bfing ddi b a n tay, khdi dc cflng long quyet t a m eao da s a n g t a o n e n mdt hf thd'ng H i m - Hfio - Dia dao lien hofin dd so dap flng dugc tfi't ea cae n h u e l u v l fin, d, hgc tfip, sinh hoat, s a n xufi't vfi chidn dfi'u.
' Dai hoc Khoa hgc Hue
14 Rghlto curu L|ch sJr. sd 5.2010
Hf thdng Him - Hfio - Dja dao lien hofin dd khdng phai tidn hfinh thyc hifn cflng mdt lflc, mfi nd trai qua mdt qua trinh lau dfii nfim nfiy qua nfim khac.
Khdng phai chi den lflc dfinh My, Vinh Linh mdi dfio him. Vdi tinh t h i n canh giae cao, ngay sau khi ky Hifp djnh Gidnevd, Dang fly Vinh Linh da tidn hfinh chi dao dfio him. Nfim 1956, khi Ngd Dinh Difm theo Ifnh My tfl choi tdng tuyin cfl theo nhu Hifp djnh Gidnevd, Vinh Linh lai tidp tyc dfio him. Tiep theo dd, trUde sy can thifp ngfiy cfing trfing trgn cua My vfio miln Nam Vift Nam, nfim bfit duge am mUu tham ddc cua ke thfl, nfim 1960, mgt dofin can bg cao cfi'p cua Bd Td'ng tU Ifnh do ddng chi VUdng Thfla Vu dfin diu vfio nghien cflu tai cho quyet dinh xay dyng edng sy bfing be tdng cdt thdp tren cfic diem cao cd y nghia v l quan sy vfi dfio hfio dgc gidi tuyen. Tfl dd trd di vifc dfio him, hfio trd thfinh mdt cdng vifc thudng xuyen.
Tfl thang 7-1966 den thfing 10-1968, vfi tfl thfing 4 den cudl nfim 1972 cude dg sflc gifla ta vfi djch bude vfio giai doan het sflc quydt lift. De cflu nguy cho nhiing thfi't bai v l quan sy tren ehien trUdng, de qude My dien cudng dUa cugc chien tranh pha hoai len t i m cao mdi vdi sU buy dift khung khidp. Hfing van tfi'n bom dan, chfi't dde hda hgc da dugc trut xudng Vinh Lmh. Tfnh binh quan moi cay sd vudng phai chju 600 tfi'n bom vfi 800 qua dan phao (3). Ca khu vyc Vinh Linh diy rfiy hd' bom "hd bom cu, hd bom mdi k l nhau, chdng chfi't len nhau"
(4). Hiu het cay cd bj chay khd, hofic mang thUdng tfch, dfi't dai bj cfiy di, xao lai tudng chflng nhu khdng mdt sinh vfit nfio cd t h l sd'ng dugc.
TrUde tinh Mnh dd, de dam bao cho cugc chien dfi'u, bao vf dugc tinh mang, tfii san Cling nhu ddi sd'ng cfla nhan dan, yeu clu
v l vfi'n d l phdng tranh dugc dfit ra mdt each cfi'p bach. Dang fly Vinh Linh da kip thdi d l ra nhflng ehu trUdng ldn cd tac dyng danh bai am mUu buy dift cua chflng:
cdng sy hda tofin khu vdc, bidn VTnh Linh thfinh que hUdng eua h i m hfio, dia dao.
Mgt khIu hifu ldn cua tofin Dang, tofin quan, tofin dan Vinh Linh trong nhflng nfim danh My: "Dang viing, dan viing, him vflng"; "Dfio h i m , dfio h i m nfla! Chiing nfio ben kia sdng Ben Hai edn My ngyy, Vinh Linh ta cdn phai dfio him!".
Vdi tinh t h i n dd, mgt loai h i m hfio dUdc hinh thfinh. Dau dau ciing cd him, cd hfio vdi nhilu chung loai, ehflc nfing khac nhau.
Him de d, h i m tram xa, h i m hgp tac xa mua ban, h i m bfnh vifn, h i m trUdng hgc, h i m nhfi tre, h i m dl chfin nudi, him de thdc gao... vfi cdn ea h i m dy trfl nfla. Him nfiy dl cho cho bg dgi di qua cd eho nghi lai, neu quan dich trfin sang, dd lfi ndi dfi'u quan trUdc khi xufi't kfch danh bg bmh djch. Ngofii ra cdn c6 loai "him Mu dgng".
D6 lfi nhflng bg khung bing tre ket cfi'u theo Mnh chfl A. Lflc cfiy cfi'y b cac canh rugng nUde, khdng dfio h i m dugc, ngUdi ta dUa nd ra ddng dyng rai rac gin cho lfim vifc, dfip ben ngofii mgt ldp dfi't mdng hofic rdm ra xung quanh d l tranh tam, cfiy cfi'y xong lai dd h i m dem v l nhfi. . ; • - ' '
Hf thd'ng h i m hfio cua Vinh Lmh cung khdng ngiing thay ddi dl chdng tra cd hifu qua hdn. Tfl cai h i m trdn mgt ngUdi sd sfii den cai h i m bfing cd cai nfip, rdi h i m chfl A. Tfl eho lfim h i m de phdng xa den luc cai h i m lfi ndi I n nfi'p, ndi b, ndi lfim vifc, nghia lfi thay the hofin tofin cai nhfi. Yeu elu kien cd, viing chfie cfla chide h i m ciing dugc dfit ra. Tfl chd dung vfii ba cay tre, cay mdc dl lfim him, d i n ehuyen sang nhflng cfiy ldn hdn nhU cay mft, cay bd quan, vfi cudl cflng lfi dd nhfi xudng lfim him. Rieng
jgjhgng I^im - I}ao - Sta dao., 15
cai cfla h i m ciing thay ddi nhilu lin. Lflc d i u la tfly thfch, ai mudn md cfla theo hudng nfio ciing dugc, nhUng sau rflt kinh nghifm cfi'm md v l hudng Nam dl tranh dich b i n sang, rdi cfi'm ea hiidng Ddng de tranh phao ngofii biin b i n vfio.
"Moi eai h i m thfit sy lfi mdt ngdi nhfi thu nhd dUde xay dyng ben dUdi mfit dfi't.
Hiu hdt nhan dan VTnh Linh da dd nhfi de Ifim him. Mdi gia dinh khdng cd ed mdt him mfi ea mgt hf thdng lien hofin. Tfl ngofii giao thdng hfio, bUde vfio gian h i m diu tien, coi nhU phdng khach. Gian h i m nfiy rgng tfl 4 den 6m'', eao 2m. Trong h i m cd bfin ghe cho con ngdi hge, ed chieu trai cho khach ngdi, cd gian tranh anh, cd loa truyin thanh. Vach h i m ken van, nde h i m lat go cgt trdn sat nhau, p h i n ldn lfi cgt cai nhfi go mit, kiln kiln, lim... Ben tren dd dfi't dfiy hfing thude, nfn chfit, bom bi nd tren ndc h i m coi nhU gfii ngfla. Tiep h i m khach lfi h i m ngu, dfio sau hdn, xay theo ldl chfl A, nhd hdn, nhUng kien cd hdn. Dan phao, bom nhg nd ngay tren ndc him, v i n ngu ngon" (5). Ben canh dd lfi h i m nhfi bep, him nhfi tim, h i m vf sinh, h i m gfi Ign, him trau bd...
Thoat diu, moi eai h i m lfi mdt ndi I n nfi'p kh6p kfn, d i n d i n nd md ra ndi lien vdi hf thdng h i m hfio trong tofin khu vUc.
NgUdi dan cd t h l di k h i p mUdi mdt xa ddng bfing VTnh Linh mfi khdng nhd d i u len khdi mfit dfi't. Mdt hf thdng giao thdng hfio sau tfl lm50 ddn lm70, rgng trung binh Im, noi liln nhfi nfiy sang nhfi khac, dgi nfiy sang dgi khae, xa nfiy sang xa khae, rdi tfl nhfi ra rufng, tfl rugng ldn nildng. Cho den nfim 1968, tM rieng d khu Ddng VTnh Linh hfio da thay the dudng. Bg ddi, dan edng, dfin qufin di trong hfio dl ra trfin.
ThUdng binh tfl mfit trfin trd vl, sang khdi sdng Ben Hai lfi vfio him, rdi tfl dd theo
dudng hfio den tfin bfnh vifn quan y K24 cl VTnh Long. Trau bd di trong hfio, ca xe dap cung di trong hfio. Nhflng boat ddng cfla cugc sd'ng dang d i n dugc hoan ddi tfl tren mfit dfi't xudng ldng dfi't.
Ca khu vUc VTnh Linh luc nfiy lfi ca mgt hf thdng h i m hfio chfing chjt, dfiy dfic ndi liln nhau. Chi tfnh tfl nfim 1965 den 1968, VTnh Lmh dfio dugc 91.840 chide h i m vfi 2.098km dudng hfio. Chilu dfii nfiy bing doan dudng di tfl thu dd Hfi Ngi den thj xfi Hfi Tien (tinh Kien Giang) (6). Day khdng chi lfi ndi I n nfi'p, tranh bom dan djch mfi cdn lfi ndi xufi't kfch danh bg binh djch. Ke djch do bd len VTnh Linh lfi rdi vfio trfin dd bat quai, sa vfio thien la dja vdng cfla ehien tranh nhan dan.
Sy k^ dif u cfla bfin tay vfi khdi dc cua ngUdi dan VTnh Linh khdng dflng lai d dd.
Ndu nhy b Dien Bien Phfl chflng ta xay dyng mgt he thdng giao thdng hfio chfing chjt, nhy mgt sdi day thdng Igng ngfiy cfing thft chfit quan dich, hay b Cu Chi hinh thfinh nen mdt hf thdng dja dao ndi thdn nfiy qua thdn khac, xa nfiy qua xa khac dfii khoang 200km lfim bd tay quan thfl, tM sy khae bift ldn nhfi't cua VTnh Linh dd lfi sU lien hofin thfinh mft hf thdng gifla Him - Hfio - Dja dao, tao thfinh mgt la chin th6p vflng chic khdng c6 gi xuyen thung dugc.
VTnh Linh bfit d i u dfio dja dao vfio gifla nfim 1966, khi mfi trUdc dd (cudi thang 5-
1966), mdt can bg d Cu Chi ra Bic cdng tac gh6 lai thfim Dang fly VTnh Linh. Nhfin thfi'y phong thd b phfa Ddng VTnh Lmh c6 t h l dfio dia dao duge, ddng chf can bf liln gdi y vfi'n d l dfio dja dao nhy d Cu Chi. Mfic dfl bfii hgc 1^ thuydt d i u tien chi la sU mieu ta sd qua v l hinh dang, kfch thydc ciing nhu each dfio, each sfl dung dia dao, nhyng trudc sy hfi'p d i n cua "tda lau dfii" n i m trong ldng dfi't da khien Dang fly VTnh Linh
16 Hghien curu Lich siJr. s g 5.2010
quyet t a m thyc hien. Dang fly giao vifc nfiy cho Bg ehi h u y q u a n sU, Bg Chi huy lai giao cho mgt so' can bg chuyen t r a c h v l h i m hfio nghien cflu. Sau mgt thdi gian ban bac, hgc hdi kinh nghifm cfla cae eu thg dfio gieng, thg dfi'u nhdm can bd nfiy xin chgn VTnh Giang dao t h i diem. Ddng chi Bi t h y Dang fly xa VTnh Giang la ngUdi bd n h a t qud'c d i u tien, dfio chiec dja dfio d i u tien cfla VTnh Linh. Hai t h a n g sau, mdt dja dao dfii 80m, sau 7m hofin t h a n h . Nhfin thfi'y sy Uu vift an tofin hdn cfla dja dao so vdi h i m hfio, t h a n g 9-1966, D a n g fly VTnh Linh thfinh Ifip b a n chi dao dfio dja dao gdm 5 ddng ehi, do ddng ehi Nguyen Khieu, Dang fly vien, Phd Chu tjch Uy ban b a n h ehfnh k h u vyc lfim t r u d n g b a n (7). Tfl dd trd di, mdt phong trfio dao dia dao dien r a sdi nd'i t r e n k h i p tofin vflng.
Dfio dja dao lfi ca mdt k^ cdng. Sau khi chgn chd, ehgn dfi't, cdng vifc trUde tien lfi xac djnh dUdng true chfnh eua dja dao.
Tren dudng tryc ehfnh p h a i dfio nhflng cai gieng thfing dflng dudng kfnh khoang 2m vfi chilu sau cfla dia dao (tfly theo quy djnh). Moi cai gidng each n h a u khoang trfim thudc. Cdng vifc nfiy khd ddi hdi nhiing ngUdi cd k i n h nghifm mdi lfim dugc.
Nhflng cai gieng dia dao d ca xa VTnh Kim, VTnh H i l n , VTnh T a n cd eai sau tfl 20 den 24m. NhUng khd khfin, vfi't va, nfing nhge nhfi't lfi dfio mdt dudng h i m xuyen long dfi't ndi eac gieng dd lai vdi n h a u . Nhflng ngUdi dfio phai djnh hUdng lfim sao d l tfl hai phfa tien tdi gfip n h a u tai mgt diem. Cdng vifc se de dang hdn neu trong tay moi td dao cd mdt chide la bfin, nhUng trong d i l u kifn VTnh Linh lue dd tbi khdng t h l dap flng dugc. NgUdi t a lien nghT r a mgt each " n h i m chflng", dinh hudng theo sU p h a n doan ed tfnh chfi't k i n h nghifm vfi cam tfnh. Vfla dfio vfla l i n g nghe. Khi hai ngUdi da g i n
n h a u thi ngUdi ng nghe tieng cude cfla ngudi kia m a tidn tdi de "hdp long". Moi td dfio dudng h i m ed h a i chue ngUdi n h y n g mdi kfp lfim chi h a i ngUdi xud'ng gieng.
Khdng t h l diing Mc Mgng ldn d l Ifim n h a n h dUgc. Hai ngudi xud'ng cung chi mdt ngUdi dfio, ngUdi kia ehuyen dfi't tfl phia trong r a ngoai eho ngUdi d t r e n quay tdi k^o len. Dfi't dao len p h a i dd di thfit xa hofic ngyy t r a n g d l gifl bf mfit dja dao. Tflng n h a t cud'c chim mdt, hg c i n mfin di mfii vfio ldng dfi't, di tfl tfl, vfla di vfla nhfim chflng, mdi ngfiy n h i t mgt ft. Tfl ngfiy nfiy qua ngfiy khac, t h a n g nfiy qua t h a n g khae, nfim nfiy qua nfim k h a c nhflng ngUdi dfio dja dao n h u nbiing ehu ong c i n mfin lam nen nhflng cdng t r i n h tuyet tfic d trong ldng dfi't me.
Thfit khd cd t h e h i n h dung duge nhiing tuyf t tae dd dUde l a m n e n bdi h a i bfin tay khdng, vdi nhflng d u n g cy thd sd t y tao.
Khdng cd m a y n g i m , hg lfim que nhflng vdng cung cd' djnh theo dUdng vdng len mat dfi't, rdi dfio theo nhflng dudng cong dd...
Khdng cd m a y mdc do m a t phfing, hg lay nUde dd vfio chai lfim thUde do. Do do sau, hg dflng day bude vfio hdn dfi lfim day dgi.
Khdng ed e i n t r u e de tryc dfi't (hang chuc van m^) tfl do s a u 15, 20, 25m hg lfim tryc quay tay, kiem day cap lfim day tdi, gd dng phao s a n g lam gfiu cue dfi't. Khdng cd den difn, ddn pin chieu sang, hg dflng ddm tre, dude n h y a eay, dudc cao su (nhU do khdi qufi, sau dUdc t h a y bfing md ddng vfit) t h i p sang mfi dfio (8).
Dd la mdt t r o n g nhflng b a n g chflng xac thye nhfi't t r a ldi cho eau hdi: Tai sao Vift Nam t h i n g dUdc My? Chi vdi ddi bfin tay vfi khdi dc, cflng ldng quyet t a m , ldng cfim thfl giac sau sac, q u a n vfi dan VTnh Linh da bien nhflng d i l u khdng t h l thfinh cd the.
Tfi't ea chi de tdn tai, chien dfi'u vfi chien
I}& thgng I}am - Ijao - Bia dgo.. 17
t h i n g . Theo so'lifu thd'ng ke, tofin bd cac xfi cfla Vinh Linh n i m tren vung dfi't dd deu cd dia dao. Td'ng cgng chieu dfii len den 100km (9).
Mgt trong nhiing dja dao hofin chinh n h i t lfi dia dao Vinh Md'c. ; « .(u;'
Dia dao Vinh Md'c lfi hinh anh thu nhd cua mdt Ifing que dUdc xay dUng vfi kien tao dildi long dfi't d do sau tfl 10 den 23m.
Vfio cudl nfim 1967, do yeu c l u dam bao sU tru I n an tofin cho n h a n dan vfi Mc Mdng vii trang de phdi hdp tac cMen, vfi nhfi't lfi cd cd sd de cfi't dfi'u hang hda, vii khi cho dao Cdn Co. Dia dao Vinh Md'c r a ddi tren cd sd lien kdt 3 hf thd'ng t i l u dao cfla don cdng an 140, Sdn Ha vfi Vinh Mdc. Td'ng chieu dfii cfla hf thd'ng dudng h i m lfi hdn 2000m. Dia dao cd true dudng cMnh dfii 768m, cao tfl 1,5 den 1,8m, rgng tfl 1 den 1,2m. Tfl true chfnh tda r a nhieu nhanh, moi nhanh thdng vdi mdt cfla ra vfio. Dia dao cd tfi't ca 13 cfla, gom 7 cfla md ra phfa bien vfi 6 cfla tren doi di xud'ng. Tai eae cfla deu cd khung gd chd'ng dd, thudng xuyen dUdc gia cd' de chd'ng sy sut Id. Hai ben true dudng cfl khoang each tfl 3 den 5m thi kho6t 16m sfiu vfio thfinh tflng d nlfo, moi d lfi mgt hg gia dinh.
Dia dao dUdc cfi'u tao thfinh 3 t i n g : t i n g 1: lfi ndi sinh sd'ng cfla nhfin dan; t i n g 2: lfi ndi ddng try sd cfla Dang fly, fly ban vfi Ban chi huy cfic Mc Mdng vu trang; t i n g 3:
chu ydu lfi ndi lfim kho hfiu cin, cfi't vfi gM hang hda, vu khf.
Trong dia dao co d i y du nhiing edng trinh thiet yeu dam bao an tofin vfi phuc vu cho ddi sd'ng nhU tram gac, benh xfi, nhfi hg sinh, nhfi bdp, nhfi vf sinh vfi n h i l u lo thdng hdi dUdc bd trf mgt each hdp ly vfi khoa hgc. Dfic bift trong long dia dao cdn ed
3 gieng nildc vfi mgt hgi trUdng vudng v i n
cd sflc chfla tren 50 ngUdi lfi ndi hdi hgp, xem chieu bdng, xem bieu d i i n vfin nghf (10). Luc ddng nhfi't cd 1.200 ngUdi sd'ng trong long dia dao. Dieu ky difu lfi da cd 17 em cfi't tieng khdc chfio ddi, mg trdn con vudng tai ndi nfiy, nd minh chflng cho sflc sd'ng ben bi cua ngUdi dfin ndi day.
Dia dao Vinh Md'c lfi mgt tdng the cfi'u true ddc dao dUdc xem nhU mft tda Ifiu dfii cd. O dfiy vfla lfi ndi trfl I n an tofin cho dan ehung, vfla lfi ndi ed' thfl cMen dfi'u chb bg ddi vfi ciing lfi mdt kho hfiu c i n phuc vu cMen dfi'u tai eho, ehi vien eho dao Cdn Cd vfi chiln tnldng mien Nam. Dd lfi ky tich lao ddng cfla 18.000 ngfiy cdng gian khd dudi mUa bom, bfio dan de dfio vfi vfin chuyen hdn 60.000m^ dfi't da cfla quan vfi dan Vinh Thach.
"ChUa k l nhiing chien edng b i n mfiy bay, tfiu ehien, tieu dift gific My, cM nguyen vifc dfio H i m - Hfio - Dja dao, bam t r y m i y nfim lien trong long dfi't de giii l l y bfin dap cho mfit trfin dildng chin, Vinh Linh dfi xflng dfing lfi dfi't anh hflng rdi"
(11).
Hien nay, hf thd'ng lien hofin H i m - Hfio - Dia dao theo nfim thfing do nMeu nguyen n h a n tac ddng khdng cdn gifl dugc nhU trUde nfla ( h i u nhU dfi bien m i t ) , cM cdn dia dao Vinh Md'c lfi dugc bao tdn g i n nhU nguyen ven. Chflng tdi thiet nghl, Quang Tri dang phfit t r i l n manh tour du ljch DMZ, v l thfim lai chien trfldng xfla, trong dd dia dao Vinh Md'c la diem nhfin quan trgng, neu nhfl ben canh dja dao Vinh Mdc chung ta cho phuc dflng lai mdt so' h i m hfio lien hoan (tieu bieu) nhfl h i m cM huy cua Bg chi huy quan sfl Vinh Linh, g i m d cua hd gia dinh, h i m bfnh vifn, h i m trfldng hgc, h i m hdp tae xa mua bfin... thi se cd y nghia vfi thiet thflc hdn rfi't n h i l u .
18 Rghien ciiru Lich si!ir. sg 5.2010
CHU THICH i
(1), (2), (6). Vu Ky Lan, Nguyen Sinh. Ky sU miin ddt lu!a. Nxb. Tac phfi.m m6i, H i Noi, 1978, tr. 5, 88,138.
(7). Lich sie Ddng bq Qudng Tri. T^p IL Nxb.
Chinh trj Quoc gia, H i Npi, 1999, tr. 283.
(10). Sd Vfin h6a thong tin - Bao t i n g tinh (3), (5). Nguyen Huy, Vinh Linh. Nxb. VSn h6a, Quang Tr}. Di tich lich sit vdn hoa vd danh lam 1982, tr. 9-10, 116.
(4). Nguyin K;^ Lan, Nguyin Sinh. Hoi ky mien ddt lUa, tr. 128.
t?idng cdnh tinh Qudng tri. 2004, tr. 139-143.
(8), (9), (11). Nguyin Huy, Vinh Linh. Nxb. VSn h6a, 1982, tr. 119, 117, 136.
TOTTHUC TRANG, S U Y NGHI MOT Sd GIAI P H A P
CHU THICH
(1). Dang Cong san Vi^t Nam. Vdn kien Hoi nghi ldn thit sdu Ban chdp hdnh Trung UOng Ddng khod X. Nxb. Chi'nh tri QuSc gia, H i Noi, 2008, tr.
43-44.
(2). Tong cvic Tho'ng ke. Nien gidm thd'ng ke ndm 2008. N h i xui't ban Thong ke, H i Noi, 2009.
(3). Dang Cong san Vi^t Nam. Van kien Hoi nghi ldn thii sdu Ban chdp hdnh Trung Ucfng khod X. Sdd, t r . 4 3 .
,, (Tie'p theo trang 12)
(4). NhQng so li^u dSn chting tiep theo trong b i i dU(?c trich tii "Ket qud xu! ly phie'u dieu tra cong nhdn lao dqng" n i m 2009 do Ban Chu nhi^m de t i i "Xay dyng v i phat trien deli song v i n h6a c6ng nhan Vi$t Nam" thUc hifn.
(5). Nguyen Minh Hoa. Vai trd cua td chiic trong viec chdm lo ddi sdng vdn hod tinh thdn ciia cdng nh&n trong cdc khu cdnng nghiep tap trung tai thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh. T i i h^u H6i thao cua de t i i .
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