NHU^G Gdi Y CHO VIET NAM

CHUYEN DOI MO HINH VA PHOUNG THUflC

P H A T T R I E N KINH TE MQH CUA TRUNG QUOC

NHU^G Gdi Y CHO VIET NAM

I. V^ CHUYDN DOI MO HINH VA PHUONG THlJC PHAT TRIEN KINH TE MOlI CUA TRIJN(; QUOC

Nhin tdng quat lich sii phat trien CHND Trung Hoa ttjf nam 1949 den nay, chiing ta co the thay dat nxidc nay da trai qua ba lan chuyen ddi mo hinh phat trien rat an ta(3ng, co the noi la "long trdi Id dat", "vang doi the gi(3i" khi no that bai va ciing "vang doi the gidi" khi no thanh cong. Lan chuyen doi thii nhat tu: 1949 den nam 1977, do la mo hinh phat trien chii nghia cong san ciic doan tijf mot dat nxidc phong kien lac hau, mudn tien th^ng len CNCS bang each

"lay dau tranh giai cap lam ciidng linh", tieu diet moi m^m mdng co the lam nay sinh CNTB, cai tao cong thiidng nghiep tii ban, xay diJng nen kinh te ke hoach tap trung cao do chi co kinh te nha nu6c va kinh te tap the. Sau 30 nam, mo hinh nay da pha san, dat nxidc Trung Qudc

PGS.TS. LE VAN SANG Trung tdm Kinh te Chau A-

Thdi Binh Duang (VAPEC)

diing ben bd viic tham ciia siJ pha san.

Lan chuyen doi mo hinh phat trien lan thii hai tii nam 1978 den nay, chinh xac hdn la den nam 2003, va diidc khang dinh day du trong Dai hoi lan thii 17 DCS Trung Quoc, do la mo hinh cai each md ciia dat niJdc, lay phat trien kinh te lam trung tam, lay tang triYdng kinh te toe do cao lam muc tieu. Cung khoang 30 nam, mo hinh nay da thanh cong mang tinh lich Sli, diia CHND Trung Hoa len vi tri sieu cUdng ngang ngiia v6i My.

Song mo hinh phat trien nay ciing dUa Trung Quoc den nhiing mau thuan kinh te xa hgi sau sac, neu khong co sxi chuyen doi, chac chan se kho tranh khoi nhiing hau qua nghiem trong.

Vdi tieu de "Bien ddi long trdi Id dat, thanh tiiu vang doi the gicli", Chu nhiem Uy ban Phat trien va cai each qudc gia Trung Quoc da viet tren "Nhan dan Nhat bao" Trung Qudc ngay 28/11/2008

NGHIEN CIAI TRUNG QUOC sd 6(94) - 2009

LE VAN SANG

nhxi sau: "Ba mUdi nam qua, dxidi sii lanh dao kien ciidng cua Trung xiOng Dang va Quoc Vu vien (Chinh phii).

nhan dan cac dan toe ca nxidc vdi tinh than tien thii chiia tiing co va thiJc tien sang tao hao hung, da viet nen bai sii thi trang le phuc hiing vi dai dan toe Trung Hoa."' Cu the la:

- Kinh te qud^c dan phat trien nhanh, siic manh tong hdp quoc gia khong ngCing nang len tam cao m6i.

- Quy mo nganh nghe lien tuc md rong, trinh do hien dai hoa khong ngung nang cao. '

-Cong trinh cd sd va cac nganh nghe cd sd tang manh ro ret, dieu kien ho trt3 phat trien kinh te xa hoi khong ngifng cai thien.

- ThiJc thi toan dien chien liidc tong the phat trien cac vung, cue dien phat trien can doi cac viing cd ban hinh thanh. • .,

- Cai each the che kinh t§' khong ngiing di sau, the che kinh te thi triidng

^xa hdi chii nghia hxidc dau diidc xac lap.

- Cue dien md ciia dd'^i ngoai da phUdng cd ban hinh thanh, be rong va chieu sau khong ngiing nang cao.

- Miic so'^ng cua ngUdi dan dUdc nang cao ro ret, thUc hien hxidc tien co tinh lich Sli tii khong dii am no sang tdng the kha gia.

- Khoa hoc ky thuat giao due phat t n e n nhanh chong, cac siJ nghiep xa hoi tien bo toan dien. L.M. •' .

Tang bang ndi cua sii chuyen ddi mo hinh lan thii hai ciia Trung Quoc that la huy hoang, diidc the gi6i ngufdng mo.

Nhang phan chim trong na6c ciia tang

bang do the nao, lieu no co lam cho Trung Quoc phai thay ddi mo hinh phat trien lan niia khong? Dieu nay da dUdc cac gidi tinh hoa Trung Quoc phan tich kha sau. Ho da nhin thay nhiing mau thu^n tich gop lai ciia mo hinh tang triidng kinh te toe do cao, "phat trien la dao ly ciing" ciia Dang Tieu Binh. Do la ngay cang tang cac yeu to' bat on dinh tiem in. nhieu mau thuan kinh te xa hoi kho giai quyet, khien nhieu ngUdi Id ngai rang giai doan 2005 - 2010 se la thdi ky song gio. Ket hdp vdi khung hoang tai chinh toan cau. nen kinh te Trung Quoc vdi mo hinh tang triidng cao hiidng ve xua't khau t h a t sU dang bi nghieng nga, buoc phai thay ddi.

Sli chuyen doi mo hinh phat trien lan thii ba nay chii yeu nham vao nang cao chat lifdng tang triidng ciia Trung Quoc, lien quan tdi viec giam di tam quan trong tiJdng doi cua nganh gia cong gia tri gia cong thap, cong nghe thap va mot Sli gia tang tam quan trong tiidng dd^i ciia nganh dich vu va nhiing nganh che tao CO gia tri gia tang cao. Mot thanh td niia rat quan trong ciia chien liidc mdi la lam chd nen kinh te Trung Quoc sii dung nang liidng tiet kiem hdn, hiidng manh hdn vad thi triidng trong niidc, chii trong hdn den phat trien nong thon.

Xuat phat tii hien thiic da neu phia tren, Dai hoi XVH DCS Trung Qudc cho rang de thUc hien muc tieu xa hoi kha gia vao nam 2020, "diem mau chdt la can nhanh chong chuyen ddi phiidng thiic phat trien, hoan thien nhiing tien trien quan trong da dat dUdc ve mat the che kinh te thi trUdng XHCN"-. Nhii U6 Cam Dao nhan manh, phUdng thiic phat

NGHIEN CIJU TRUNG QUOC so 6(94) - 2009

trien mdi se la: "Quan triet quan diem phat trien khoa hoc, kien tri y nghia quan trong sd mot la phat trien, hat nhan la lay con ngifdi lam gdc, yeu cau cd ban la can ddi ben viing, phiidng phap cd ban la quy hoach tdng the"^ Tii day Trung Qud^c da diia ra mot loat giai phap quan trong de thiic hien muc tieu tren, nhii:

- Nang cao nang liic tii chii sang tao, xay diing da't niidc loai hinh sang tao.

- Day manh chuyen doi phiidng th'jfc phat trien kinh te, thiic day nang cap liu hoa cd cau nganh nghe.

- Quy hoach tong the sii phat trien thanh thj va nong thon, thiic daiy viec . xay diing nong thon mdi XHCN.

- Tang ciidng tiet kiem nang lifdng, tai nguyen va bao ve moi triidng sinh thai, tang cUdng nang liic phat trien ben viing.

- Quy hoach tdng the sii phat trien giiia cac viing, lam cho tinh hinh khai thac phat trien dat dai tdt dep hdn.

- Hoan thien che dd kinh te' cd ban, kien toan he thddng thi triidng hien dai.

- Di sau cai each the che ve cac mat nhii thue, tai chinh, ngan hang, tien te, hoan thien he thdng kho'ng che vi mo.

- Md rong va di sau md ciia vdi ben ngeai, nang cao trinh do kinh te loai hinh md ciia.

Neu nhxi co ai do mudn tim trong van kien Dai hoi XVH nhiing giai phap mdi me theo nghia la tii trifdc den nay chifa xua't hien bao gid. thi se tha'y khong nhieu. Vdi phiidng cham "ly luan di triidc mdt biidc", ddng thdi "khong ngiing tim toi trong thiic tien", "ca nitdc la

phong thi nghiem ldn", trong sach bao, van kien cua Trung Quoc, cac nha khoa hoc va hoat dong thiic tien da ban thao nhieu, khong it giai phap da diidc dUa vao, ap dung thii va riit kinh nghiem trong ddi sd^ng kinh te xa hoi. Hdn niia, nhu phan tich ciia chiing toi, "giai doan mdi" nay hay lan chuyen ddi mo hinh phat trien lan thii ba, thiic chat da bat dau tii nam 2002 - 2003. Tii dai hoi XVI den Dai hoi XVII, Trung Qudc da dieu chinh chinh sach phat trien phu hdp vdi thiic tien hdn, Dai hoi XVII vdi doi hdi ciia boi canh mdi, dien bien mdi, moi giai phap lai dUdc nhan manh, de cao. Chiing toi cho rang, trong giai doan hien nay, de dam bao cho mo hinh phat trien mdi thanh cong, nen kinh te phat trien "vUa td^t viia nhanh", Trung Qudc da nhan manh den quan diem phat trien khoa hoc, thiic thi mot loat giai phap toan dien nhU da neu tren, song ho se dac biet nhan manh mot so' giai phap sau day d tang quyet sach, chii trong dong thdi phat trien kinh te, xa hdi, bao ve moi trUdng va coi trong con ngUdi.

- Tdng ciibng khd ndng tU chd sdng tao, xdy diing dat nddc theo mo hinh dot mdi, sdng tao. Trung Qud^c coi day la dieu cd^t yeu ciia chien lUdc phat trien, nang cao siic manh tong hdp ciia dat nUdc. Dd Sli tang trUdng nhanh ciia Trung Quoc qua diia vao dau tU d at, tieu hao nhieu tai nguyen va nang lUdng, tra gia ldn ve moi trUdng sinh thai, Sli dung nhieu siic lao dong re, nen Sli dong gop ciia khoa hoc ky thuat cho phat trien kinh te chi chUa den 40%, trong khi chi tieu do d cac nUdc phat trien la khoang 70%. Tren 60% thiet bj

NGHllN CUU TRUNG QUdC sA 6(94) - 2009

LE VAN SANG

la nhap khaiu. Xua't khau hang det may ciia Trung Qudc chiem 24% tdng ngach thUdng mai hang det may the gidi, nhUng chi chUa day 1% mang nhan mac ciia rieng Trung Qud^c, va khong c6 nhan nao ndi tieng the gidi'. Nam 2006, co 750 lrung tam nghien ciiu va phat trien co Sli dau tu ciia nUdc ngoai. Cac san pham mang nhan mac Trung Quoc, thiic ra chi la thiic hien k h a u lap rap cuoi cung.

nhUng khau it sinh ldi do gia trj gia tang thap. Vi du xe hdi hien dai nhU BMW, Mercedes... dii co che tao d Trung Quoc, nhUng ky thuat miii nhon cac hang lai chUa he chuyen giao cho Trung Quoc.

Hoac Trung Quoc van buoc phai chi 20%

gia ban dien thoai di dong, 30% gia ban may tinh, 20 - 40%i gia ban may cong cu dc tra cho phi phat minh sang che nUdc ngoai. Cho nen td Tranh Minh (Hong Kong) cho rang cac cong ty ldn ciia the gioi dau tU vao Trung Quoc, bien Trung Quoc thanh "cong xUdng ciia the gidi"

kheng phai la dieu dang vui miing. Neu nhin vao xua't khaiu ciia Trung Quoc, ngUdi la nhan tha'y, tuy chiem 30%

GDP. nhUng lheo Iho'ng ke, nam 2005 gia tri xua't khfiu ciia cac cong ly co von nUdc ngoai chiem 57,3% tdng kim ngach xual khau, va 85%i kim ngach xua't khau sail pham ky t h u a t cao. ,,.,, . ,:;,,

• Gini quyet tot vdn de nong nghiep, nong thon, nong ddn. Trung Qudc coi day la van dc ldn lien quan den dai cue xay diing toan dien xa hoi hai hoa, la cong viec quan lrong lrong cac cong viec quan lrong hien nay. Vi vay day la chii do dUdc ciic nha lanh dao, cac nha khoa hoc va hoat dong thUc lien Trung Qudc rA't quan lam, dUa ra nhicu chinh sach.

bien phap. Van kien Dai hoi XVII mot lan nUa nha'n manh nhiem vu xay diJng cd che hieu qua lau dai la'y cong nghiep thiic day nong nghiep, la'y t h a n h thj thiic day ndng thon, hinh t h a n h cue dien mdi nha't the hoa phat trien kinh te xa hoi thanh thi va nong thon.

- Tiet kiem ndng lii(Mg, nguyen lieu vd bdo ve moi trUdng. Do trinh do khoa hoc ky t h u a t tha'p kem, lau nay sU phat trien kinh te theo chie rong, quy mo ldn, tdc do nhanh, diia nhieu vao nang lUdng, nguyen lieu va lao dong cd bap, cdng vdi mem tii hao "Trung Qudc da't rong ngUdi dong, san vat phong phii" da gay tinh trang chi nhin tha'y ldi ich trUdc mat, khong tinh den lau dai, lang phi nghiem trong nguon tai nguyen thien nhien co han, tan pha moi trUdng sinh thai. Mot so' nghien ciiu ve tang trUdng kinh te kieu cii ciia Trung Qud^c da dUa ra nhiing "cen so' giat minh"': Trung Quoc hifin nay la nUdc tieu thu vat lieu ldn nha't the gidi, sii dung nang lUdng nhieu nha't tren mot ddn vj GDP, diing dau the gidi ve 6 nhiem khong khi va nguon nUdc, vdi 70%i song ngoi va 90% song trong thanh pho' bj 6 nhiem. Cac thanh pho' ciia Trung Qudc da xii ly khong qua 20% lUdng rac thai vdi 150 trieu ta'n rac dUdc thai tii do d ngoai 6. Hdn 300 trieu nong dan khong co nUdc sach, hdn 400 Irieu cU dan thanh thj phai thd khong khi 6 nhiem. Bui, khoi, khi thai xam xjt bao phii mot sd vdng ciia Trung Qudc, lan sang ca Hong Kdng, Nh^t Ban va Xibcri ciia Nga.... Thoo danh gia ciia CiLC bdo ve moi triicMg qudc gia Trung Qudc vk Ciic thong ke quoc gia Trung Qudc lrong bao cao ve va'n do "GDP

6

xanh" - mot khai niem dUdc dUa ra lan dau tien d Trung Qudc nam 2006 - chi tinh sd bo, rieng van de 6 nhiem moi trUdng da gay ra thiet hai khoang 3,05%

tdng GDP nam 2004. Co nghia la la'y tdc do tang trUdng GDP 10.1% ciia nam d6 kha'u trii di tdn tha't do 6 nhiem thi chi con lai 7,05%.

- Gi dm bdt mau thudn xd hgi. Cac nha khoa hoc Trung Quoc cho rang, xet ve tieu chi thdi gian, Trung Qud'c van va se con d giai doan dau cua CNXH mot thdi gian dai; xet ve tieu chi khong g^an, Trung Qud^c van la nUdc dang phat trien.

Do chinh la tinh hinh cd ban ciia Trung Quoc ngay nay. Tinh hinh do tUdng dUdng vdi cac nUdc da cong nghiep hoa d thdi ky binh quan GDP theo dau ngUdi vao khoang tU 1000 USD den 3000 USD, ma lheo kinh nghiem ciia cac nUdc nay, la lhdi ky xa hoi bien ddi ghe gdm nha't, mau thuan xa hoi ndi com nha't. C6 the tha'y ben canh nhiing thanh tUu ldn lao ve mat xa hoi, nang cao miic song cho toan dan, giam manh so' ngUdi ngheo khd, thi Trung Qudc con vUdng phai nhieu va'n de xa hoi ra't nang ne. Danh rang sU chenh lech giau ngheo, tham nhiing hdi lo tran lan, kho tim viec lam, chi phi an d, hoc hanh, chiia benh dat dd, bao dam xa hoi tha'p, djch vu cong cong kem cdi, nong dan ma't dat... la nhiing va'n de Trung Qudc khd tranh khdi khi da't nUdc dang d trong thdi ky daiy manh cong nghiep hoa, song nhiing van de xa hoi nay da nghiem trong den miic bao dong, anh hudng xa'u den sU phat trien kinh te, den dn djnh chinh trj. Chenh lech giau ngheo giiia cac vung v i n d tinh trang gidng nhU "chau Au so sanh vdi

chau Phi". Vung ven bien Dong Nam co thu nhap binh quan dau ngUdi ga'p 10 lan viing sau phia Tay. Giiia cac trieu phii, ty phii (tinh theo dola) vdi nhUng ngUdi tha't nghiep, ma khong hiem ngUdi trdng so' dd tuyet vong den miic quyen sinh, chenh lech den miic trUdc day ngUdi dan Trung Qudc khong bao gid tudng tUdng noi. Nan tham nhiing hoi 16 Iran lan trong quan chiic cac cap va trong gidi doanh nghiep, nhat la doanh nghiep nha nUdc gay bUc xiic trong ca nUdc. Nan chiem dung dat trang trdn va bdt xen lien den bii dat cho nong dan cua nhieu quan chiic dja phUdng khien mot hoc gia Trung Qudc da vi no vdi hien lUdng "rao da't", "ciiu an thjt ngUdi" d Anh trong thdi ky tich luy nguyen thuy tu ban d Anh the ky 16. Sii cam phan cua nong dan da the hien trong 37 ngan vu bieu tinh phan ddi ciia nong dan nam 2006, trung binh moi ngay hdn 100 vu, anh hudng xa'u den budc phat trien dan chu d nong thon Trung Quoc, tao cd cho phUdng Tay ldi dung de Ion an Trung Quoc. De dd^i pho vdi cac van nan tren, nha nUdc Trung Quoc da no lUc tang cUdng "ban tay hUu hinh" ciia minh.

Ngay tii trUdc Dai hoi XVII DCS Trung Qudc, lanh dao nUdc nay da nha'n manh

"cam quyen vi dan, lay dan lam goc", chu trUdng xay diing xa hoi hai hoa XHCN, phat trien kinh te ddng lhdi coi trqng cong bang xa hoi....

- Ndng cao trinh do kinh te ddi ngoai.

Hoat dong kinh id doi ngoai cua Trung Quoc cd tien bo to ldn vUdt bac, dac biet la ve ngoai thUdng. Vdi quy mo tren

1700 ty USD. Trung Qudc da la cudng qud'c ngoai ihUdng ldn IhU ba the gidi.

NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC sd 6(94) - 2009

LE V A N SANG

Seng tinh theo dau ngUdi, chi dat miic hdn 1000 USD, tha'p hdn miic trung binh 2400 USD cua the gidi va con tha'p xa so vdi cac cUdng qud'c kinh te khac. Hang xua't khau cua Trung Qudc cha't lUdng con tha'p, gia trj gia tang khong cao, siic canh tranh kem, thieu san pham noi tieng va mang ludi tieu thu hoan thien.

San pham ky t h u a t cao chi chiem 2 - 3 % xua't khaiu. ChUa cd ma'y doanh nghiep c6 thiic lUc manh, trinh do quan ly cao, cd the tham gia sau rong vao canh tranh qudc te. Con dUdng de kinh te ddi ngoai ciia Trung Quoc bat kjp trinh do tien tien cua the gidi van con xa, ddi hdr phai c6 mot qua trinh lau dai vdi mot he Iho'ng bien phap ddng bo. O day chi nha'n manh mot vai tinh hinh cap bach can giai quyet ngay, nhUng rao can can dd bd ngay de kinh te doi ngoai ciia Trung Quoc duy tri dUdc xu the phat trien viia tdt viia nhanh.

Cd the tha'y rang Dai hoi XVII DCS Trung Qud'c de ra phai thiic day phat trien kinh te "viia to't viia nhanh" la da chuyen tif giai doan phat trien chay theo toe do bang moi gia sang phat trien Uu tien chat lUdng, ben viing, quan tam den con ngUdi, ddng thdi van duy tri xu hudng phat trien nhanh thed quan diem phat trien khoa hoc. Budc chuyen dd la ket qua trUdc siic ep ciia hien thiic kinh te xa hoi Trung Quoc ciing nhU cua boi canh toan cau hoa, doi hdi Trung Quoc phai cd hanh dgng tich ciic khi hgi nhap vao kinh le quoc le. Con cd the tha'y, gidi tinh hoa Trung Quoc da tha'u hieu tinh hinh da't nUdc, cd tam nhin thdi dai, cd quyet tam cao cCing nhU thiic Itic kinh te

ldn de thiic hien sii chuyen bien quan trgng nay.

II. NHUNG GOI Y Vdl VlfiT NAM So vdi Trung Qudc, Viet Nam ddi mdi md ciia cham hdn 8 nam. Nhiing dieu kien de Viet Nam ddi mdi md ciia, thiic hien ch-ien lUdc tang td'c trong 20 nam qua cd nhieu khd kha n, song ciing cd nhiing t h u a n ldi cd ban khong kem gi Trung Qud'c, tham chi cdn cd nhiing t h u a n ldi Idn hdn. Chiing toi mudn de cap tdi vi the dia kinh te va dia chinh trj cua Viet.Nam: la cau nd'i kinh te giiia Dong Bac A vdi Dong Nam A, la da't nUdc cd Uu the ve bien, vdi viing duyen hai trai dai hdn 3200 km, ddi dien vdi trung tam giao lUu dUdng bien quoc te - Bien Dong, dau tau kinh te viing duyen hai phai keo cac toa tau khdng ldn, khdng nang ne nhU Trung Quoc.

Thanh tiiu ddi mdi md ciia kinh te hdn 20 nam qua cua Viet Nam thiic sii to ldn, td'c do tang trUdng kinh te binh quan hang nam vao loai cao nhat the gidi, chi sau Trung Qud'c, dUdc the gidi danh gia cao. Song chiing toi cho rang Viet Nam cd the lam dUdc nhieu ky tich vang dgi hdn neu Viet Nam manh dan ddi mdi tU duy phat trien kinh te hdn niia, bdt Io lang den sii "chech hUdng", tap trung hdn vao viec chong "tut hau", tat ca deu vi sU phat trien siic san xua't xa hgi thi t h a n h tiiu ddi mdi md ciia 20 nam qua chac chan ldn hdn nhieu. Cd hgc gia Trung Quoc ndi vdi tdi rang, Viet Nam doi mdi md ciia cham hdn Trung Qud'c 8 nam, sdng ly luan ve phat trien kinh te XHCN thdi dai mdi cham hdn Trung Qud'c 20 nam!

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Viet N a m ciing s a n g tao, k h d n g k e m T r u n g Qudc ve C N X H , Viet N a m dUa r a k h a i n i e m ve C N X H m a m i n h h u d n g tdi k h a ro r a n g , dd la xay diing "da't nUdc d a n g i a u n u d c m a n h , xa hgi cdng b a n g , dan chu v a n m i n h " v a hien d a n g t r o n g giai d o a n " p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e t h j trUdng djnh h u d n g X H C N " . D a y ciing la k h u d n k h d r g n g md cho sii p h a t t r i e n siic s a n xua't xa hgi k h d n g t h u a k e m gi ly l u a n ve giai d o a n d i u c u a CNXH dac sac T r u n g Qud'c ciia D a n g T i e u Binh. NhUng t r o n g q u a t r i n h thiic h i e n , nhU t r e n d a de cap, Sli sd "chech h u d n g " v a n d a u dd p h a t h u y t h e m a n h , c a n trd tU d u y p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e .

Ddi mdi tU d u y p h a t t r i e n la ciic ky q u a n t r g n g , s o n g ddi mdi t r o n g chi dao thiic t i e n p h a t t r i e n q u a n t r g n g k h d n g k e m . 0 day tdi m u d n de cap den n h i i n g gdi y cho Viet N a m tii sii c h u y e n ddi md h i n h va phUdng thiic p h a t trien ndi ciia T r u n g Qud'c.

T u y Viet N a m t i e n h a n h cdng cuoc ddi mdi, md ciia n e n k i n h te m u d n hdn T r u n g Qudc 10 n a m , nhUng n h i e u va'n de k i n h te ndi com c a n trd sU p h a t trien td'c do cao, b e n viing ciing d a bgc Id, c a n cd Sli riit k i n h n g h i e m n g h i e m tiic tii n h i i n g b a i hgc t h a n h cdng va chUa t h a n h cdng ciia T r u n g Qud'c.

Trddc het la c a n t r a n h t a n g trUdng tdc do cao b a n g each h y s i n h mdi trUdng, chii y xay diing n e n k i n h t e tiet k i e m n a n g lUdng, n g u y e n lieu va t h a n t h i e n vdi moi trUdng.

Hai la, c a n t r a n h t a n g trUdng tdc do cao b a n g each h y s i n h n d n g n g h i e p , ndng thdn, n d n g d a n , chii y xay diing p h a t trien hdp ly va'n de t a m ndng.

Ba Id, c a n coi t r g n g quy hoach tdng t h e Sli p h a t t r i e n t h a n h t h j va ndng thdn, Sli p h a t t r i e n giiia cac vung, k h a i t h a c p h a t t r i e n h i e u q u a d a t dai - n g u d n t a i n g u y e n q u a n t r g n g h a n g d a u n a y ciia qud'c gia.

Boh la, c a n d a y m a n h md ciia hgi n h a p k i n h te qud'c te s a u rgng hieu qua hdn, c a n hgc t a p k i n h n g h i e m md ciia v u n g d u y e n h a i cua T r u n g Qud'c, xay diing p h a t t r i e n cac loai h i n h k h u k i n h te tii do, p h a t t r i e n k i n h te bien.

Ndm Id, xay diing d a t nUdc theo mo h i n h doi mdi s a n g tao, t a n d u n g tot mgi Uu t h e dja k i n h te, dja chinh trj qud'c gia.

Sdu Id, coi t r g n g sU p h a t trien con ngUdi, giai q u y e t lot cac m a u t h u a n xa hgi, xay diing xa hgi hai hda.

Cuoi cung. k h i i n g h o a n g k i n h le tai chinh l o a n cau cho tha'y, ben c a n h day m a n h x u a t k h a u , p h a i chii y p h a t t r i e n thj t r u d n g t r o n g nUdc , tao cd sd vutng chac cho sii p h a t t r i e n ben vutng./.

CHU THICH: - - ' Nhdn ddn Nhdt bdo Trung Quoc ngay 28/11/2008.

^ Trich Bdo cdo ciia Uy ban TW Ddng CSTQ tai Dai hdi Dg,i bieu todn qudc ldn thd XVH DCSTQ ngdy 10. W. 2007. http:// ,

17.10.2007.

' Ho Cam Dao. Phat bieu tai le ky niem 30 nam trieu tap Hoi nghi Trung Udng 3 khoa XI (18/12/1978 - 2008)

•* Ma Khai. Nhanh chong chuyen ddi phuang thdc phdt trien kinh te Id nhiem vu

chien iMc cap bach vd ldn lao lien quan den todn cue nen kinh te qudc ddn. Trich tii Ban phu dao ve bao cao Dai hoi XVII. Nxb Nhan dan (TQ) 10.2007.

''Theo TTXVN (Hong Kong) 12.10.2007.

TLTKDB 16.10.2007.

NGHIEN ClJfU TRUNG QUOC sd 6(94) - 2009