Nghien curu Ton giao. So 6 - 2009
TON GIAO - VAN DE Ll LUAN VA THOC
T I I NT I / T U 6 N G HO CHI MINH VE TON GIAO 6 VIET NAM
I I O . W G NGOC VTMI'
T T 6 Chi M i n h , C h u tich nufdc Viet N a m D a n c h u Cong hoa, l a n h t u x u a t sac cua p h o n g t r a o cong n h a n va cdng s a n qud'c te, C h u tich D a n g Cong s a n Viet N a m luon d d n g viJng t r e n lap trUdng cua c h u n g h i a Mac-Lenin ve tdn giao va v a n diing no mot each s a n g tao, linh b o a t phia hdp vdi tbUc tien cua each m a n g Viet N a m . Hd Chi M i n h la ngiJdi Viet N a m d a u t i e n soan t h a o va b a n bd cac sac lenh tdn t r o n g tiJ do tin ngUdng, tdn giao cua n h a n d a n Viet N a m .
Ngiidi luon ton trgng tiJt do tin ngiidng cua nhdn ddn khong chi trong tu: tiidng md cd trong hdnh dgng cu the.
Ngay s a u n g a y t u y e n bd Tuyen ngdn ddc lap cua nildc Viet N a m D a n chu Cong hda, n g a y 3/9/1945. khi quy dinh ve viec tiep c h u y e n dai bieu cac doan the, Ngu:di da chu y d a n h thdi gian tiep chuyen cac doan dai bieu cac tdn giao. NgUdi viet: '"Vii n a m n a y tdi se r a t vui long tiep chuyen cac dai bieu cua cac doan the nhU; cac bao Viet vii Tau..., Cdng giao, P h a t giao..., Cdng bdi, N d n g boi v.v.... Xin chti y:
1. Gdi t h a ndi triJdc de' tdi sSp xep thi gid, rdi t r a ldi cho ba con, nbil vay thi khdi p h a i chd ddi m a t cdng.
2. Mdi d o a n dai bieu .\in chd qua 10 vi.
3. Mdi lAn tiep c h u y e n xin chd q u a mot l i e n g d d n g h d " ' " . ... • • • . •i-
M o t t r o n g s a u n h i e m vu cap b a c h cua N h a nUdc Viet N a m D a n c h u Cong h d a . do Ngiidi v a c h r a n g a y 3/9/1945 la v a n de t u do tin ngUdng va d o a n k e t lUdng- giao: "ThUc d a n va p h o n g k i e n thi h a n h c h i n h s a c h c b i a re d d n g bao Giao va d o n g bao LUdng. de de t h d n g tri. Toi de n g h i C h i n h p h u r a t u y e n bd: "Tin ngiidng tU do vd Lttang-Gido dodn ket"'-\ S a u n a y , t r o n g ThU gUi Hdi P h a t t u n g a y 30/8/1947 va t r o n g Ldi ke't t h u c budi r a m a t cua D a n g Cong s a n Viet N a m 3 / 3 / 1 9 5 1 . c u n g n h i e u bai noi. bai viet k h a c NgUdi c u n g k h a n g d i n h lai lap trUdng dd.
Vdi Ho Chi Minh, dgi dodn kit todn ddti tgc, trong dd cd dgi dodn ket gida nhdng ngiidi cd tin ngiidng vd nhiing ngiidi khong cd tin ngUdng, giiia nhitng ngiCdi cd tin ngiidng khdc nhau, tdt cd deu vi muc tieu dgc lap ddn tgc, vi hanh phuc cua nhdn ddn, ui sii phdt trien ud hodn thien cua moi cd nhdn con ngu'di Viet Nam ud vi si/phdt trien cua ddn tgc.
T r o n g T h u gUi cac vi Linh muc va d o n g b a o C d n g giao Viet N a m n g a y 2 5 / 1 2 / 1 9 4 5 , NgUdi viet: " N g a y n a y ca nUdc. d o n g b a o G i a o va I^Udng d e u d o a n
*. Ths. Dai hoc khoa hoc Hue.
1. Hd Chi Muili loan kip. Nxb riii'nii iri qudc gia.
H. 2000.1.4. tr. 10.
2. Hd Chi Minh Tecin lap.... .Sdcl. ir. 9.
Nshien ciiu Ton siao. So 6 - 2009
ket c h a t c h e n h a t t a m n h a t t r i n h u c o n n h a t t r i nhU con m o t n h a . cu'dng q u y e t giU vUng q u y e n tti do doc l a p . Ngoai sa t r U d n g cac c h i e n si LUdng va G i a o d a x a y n e n m o t b d c t h a n h kien co vi dai de n g a n c a n ke t h u c h u n g la bon thUc d a n P h a p . O k h a p ndi t r o n g nU6c, dong bao Giao va L u d n g d a n g no Itic giup vao viec k h a n g c h i e n va k i e n qudc. T i n h t h a n hi s i n h ay la noi t h e o t i n h t h a n cao thUdng cua DUc C h u a Giesu"'''.
NgUdi q u a n n i e m "To quoc doc lap Ton giao mdi t u do"' '. Ngu'di luon k e u goi "Toan t h e d d n g b a o t a . k h o n g c h i a liUdng Giao, d o a n k e t c h a t che. q u y e t long k h a n g c h i e n . de giU gin n o n sdng.
To quoc m a cUng de giU gin q u y e n Tdn giao t u do"'""'. NgUdi ciing da viet: " N a y dong bao t a dai d o a n k e t , hi sinli cua cai xUdng m a u , k h a n g c h i e n d e n c u n g , de giu q u y e n thd'ng nha't v a doc l a p cua Td (luo'c. T h e la c h u n g ta l a m t h e o long dai tU dai bi c u a D d c P h a t T h i c h Ca, k h a n g chion de dUa gidng ndi r a khoi cai k h o lii nd le.
T r o n g cuoc k h a n g c h i e n ciiu nUdc.
ddng bao P h a t guio d a liim dUdc n h i e u . Toi cam (jn d d n g b a o va m o n g d d n g bao cd g a n g t h e m , cd g a n g m a i cho den n g a y tru'dng ki k h a n g c h i e n t h i i n g Id:, t h o n g n h a t doc lap t h a n h cong""''.
Ngu'di van thu'dng k h a n g dinh: "Trong Hien p h a p ta da dinh ro tin ngUdng tu do.
Neu ai lam sai Hien p h a p . khieu khich Cdng giao thi se bi phat... Viet N a m doc lap ddng minli la co't de doan ket tat ca ddng liao dc lam cho To qud'c ddc lap chii khong phai de chia re, p h a n do'i ton giao"'^'.
Dieu 1, Sric l e n h so 5 do C h u tich Hd Chi Miiih ki n g a y 23/11/1945 n e u rd: cam phii b u y (tinh. c h u a . den mieu. hoac n h u n g ndi thd [xi k h a c : c u n g dien. t h a n h (|U;ich. lang mo chu'a duoc bao tdn.
Sac lenh so' 234 do NgUdi ki ngay 14/6/1945 cUng neu ro: (1) Chinh p h u da bao ve qu\'en t u do tin ngvidng va tU do thd cung cua n h a n dan khdng ai du'dc xam p h a m den quyen t u dd ay. Moi ngUdi Viet N a m deu co quyen tti do theo mot tdn giao hoac khdng theo ton giao nao. Cac nha tu h a n h dUdc tU do giang dao tai cac cd quan tdn giao (nha thd. chua. tinh that, trUdng giao li...); (2) Cac n h a tu h a n h va tin do deu du'dc hu'dng moi quyen ldi cua cong dan va phai lam tron nghia \TJ cua cong dan.
Ngu'di tdn t r o n g tti do tin ngifdng cua n h a n d a n . nhvlng Ngu'di ludn p h a n biet rd tin ngUdng c h a n c h i n h vdi nhUng ke ldi d u n g tin ngUdng cua n h a n d a n de xam lUdc nu'dc k h a c va me hoac n h a n dan de de be cai tri. bid Chi M i n h phe p h a n r a t gay g a t n h U n g ke theo chu n g h i a Giao hoi. Vdi NgUdi. n h U n g ke theo chu nghia giao hoi la n h U n g ke ich ki, t h a m lam, vd vet cua tin do va n h a n d a n .
Trong cac bai p h a t bieu tai Dai hoi V Qud'c te Cong san, trong Bdn dn che do thi/c ddn Phdp, NgUdi da to' cao Chu nghia Giao hoi Cong giao chiem doat rudng da't cua n h a n dan, hoc lot t a n te. dan ap va me hoac n h a n dan. NgUdi thUa n h a n Uu diem cua Cong giao la Idng n h a n ai cao ca, thi Ngu'di cung phe p h a n m a n h liet chu nghia thiic dan d u n g Giao hdi lam mot cong cii phuc vu cho muc dich thiic dan.
NgUdi da d a n chUng. s a u nhUng cuoc h a n h q u a n d a n h c h i e m , giam muc cd the bd tui m i n h h a n g t r a m n g a n F r a n g . Cha xU c u n g n h d t , trdi, d a n h daj) tre em. Cha x d b a n ca b e g a i V i e t N a m c h o ngUdi
3. Hd Clii Miiih Todn lap.... .Sdd. ir. 121.
4. Hi) Chi Minh Todn lap.... .Sdd. t. 6. ir. .U2.
5. Hd Clii Minli Todn hip.... .Sdii. i. 4. u. 107.
6. Hii Clii Minh Tudn nip.... .Sdd. 1. .'i. Ir. 197. I. S. Ir.
290-291. • 7. Hd Chi Minh Todn tap.... Sdd. I. ."S. tr. 28.
j^kiang Ngoc Vmh/Tii^ifang Ho Chi Minh,.
C h a u Au de kiem tien. Guio hdi chiem r a t n h i e u r u d n g dat c a n h tac cua n h a n d a n . Linh miic s a n s a n g bao linh dd't l a n g nay VI k h d n g nop t h u e cho " c h u n g ta". t b a cho l a n g kia vi da (luy t h u a n " c h u n g ta"'*'.
NgUdi t h a n g t h i i n g vach m a t thUc dan P h a p ldi diing Cdng giao vao muc dich thiic d a n . chia re d o a n k e t Giao-LUdng d Viet N a m , NgUdi k h a n g dinh: "Thien C h u a da cho loai ngUdi quyen tti do va day loai ngUdi long bac ai"'''', nen vi the ma phai n e u cao canh giac vdi ke thu, k h o n g dUdc n h a m lan bdi da t a m cua thiic d a n ma h a y doan k e t vi d a n tdc ddc lap.
NgUdi da t d n g tra ldi cau hdi "NgUdi la ai?" cua cac n h a bao trong va ngoai nUdc rang: "Hoc thuyet cua Khdng Tii cd Uu diem cua nd la sii tu dUdng dao dUc ca nhan. Ton giao Giesu cd Uu diem cua no la long n h a n ai cao ca. ('hu nghia Mac cd Uu diem cua no la phUdng p h a p lam viec bien chUng. Chu nghia Tdn T3at Tion cd Uu diem cua nd. chinh sach cua no thich hdp vdi nliUng dieu kien nUdc ta... Tdi cd gang lam ngUdi hoc trd nhd cua cac vi ay"'"", thi ciing chinh la tren tinh t h a n cua dai doan ket vi nUdc Viet Nam dot:
lap. thd'ng nha't. dan chu va giau manh, sanh vai cung Ciic nu'('x' i)hiit trien trong khu \aic va the gidi; La vi NgUdi dc cao vai trd cua con ngUdi trong chien tranh giai phdng dan tdc, bao ve To qud'c; k h a n g dinh vai trd q u i n chung n h a n dan trong sU nghiep each mang la ngiidi quye't dinh va sang tao ra lich sti; La de dap iing hoai bao cua Ngiidi m a n g lai cho n h a n dan, cho con ngu'di mot cudc song luon td't dop hdn.
Ndi c h u n g (lUiUi diem cd b a n cua Hd Chi Minh ve Tdn giiio the hien d n h d n g (liem sau:
1) NgUdi kich liet phe jibiin chu nghia giao hdi bi Irii d u n g btii muc dich thiic diin, nhUng ludn tdn t r o n g tti do tin ngUdng cu;i nh;in (bin. .NgUdi kiem quyet biii Irii mi tin tii doiui. biii trU n h d n g hu
ttac lam c;in trd sii v a n ddng va p h a t trien cua xa hdi Vict N a m .
2) Su tdn trong tU do tin ngu'dng cua n h a n d a n trong cac bai ndi va viet cua NgUdi ve Tdn giao la: Moi cdng dan cd quyen theo hoac khdng theo ba't ki mot Tdn giao nao. NgUdi cd tin ngu'dng va khdng cd tin ngUdng deu binh ttang nhU nhau tru'dc p h a p luat. Mdi tin dd tdn giao ca tren cUdng vi td chUt: va ca n h a n vUa lam trdn bdn p h a n cua tin do, vUa lam trdn nghia vu cua mot cdng dan. M(pi ton giao tieu binh dang tru'dc p h a p luat. Moi cdng dan deu cd quyen thay ddi hoac khdng thiiy ddi tdn giao cua tninh ma khong can mot dieu kien xa hdi nao kem theo.
3) Moi ngUdi Viet Nam k h d n g p h a n biet tdn giao tin ngu'dng phai thiic sU doan ket c u n g n h a u p h a n dau vi Viet N a m hda b i n h . thd'ng nha't. dan chu, giau miinh tie'n len CNXH.
NhUng t u tUdng c(i biin dd da dinh hu'dng cho vice quy (linli cbinli siich tdn giao cua D a n g va N h a nUdc C H X H C N Viet N a m tU 1945 den nay. Nd du'(ic the hu)n d Dieu 10 t r o n g Hif'n jjhap 1946;
Dieu 26 va dieu 42 trong Hien [)hii() 1959;
Dicu 57. 68, 76. 77 vii 78 trong Hit'ii i)hiip 1980; Dieu 54, 70, 76, 77 vii 79 trong Hien p h a p 1992; Nghi dinh 69 cda HDBT ki ngay 21/3/1991 quy dinh ve cac hoat dong cua tdn giao va Nghi dinh 26/1999/ND-CP cua Chinh phd ve cac hocat ddng tdn giao ki ngay 19/4/1999;
Q u y e t d i n h s d 83/2001/QD-TTg ngay 30/5/2001 cua T h u tUdng C h i n h p h u ve viec t h a n h lap N h a xua't ban Tdn giao va gan day la Nghi q u y e t Hdi nghi lan thU bay Ban cha'p h a n h Trung itdng khoii IX ve 8. Ho Chi Minh Toan lap.... .Sdd. I. 1. Ir. 284-8.=!. i. 2.
If. 101.
9. Ho Chi Minh Toan tap.... Sdd. I. .'i. If. ^^^.
10. Ho Chi Minh vc vdn dc Idn i^ido Un iii^irdni;. N,\h Khoa hot .Xii hf.1. II.. 1998, tr. I8.r
Nghien ciru Ton giao. .So'6 - 2009
cdng tac Tdn giao ngay 12 thang 3 nam 2003.
Nghi quyet lan thd bay Ban cha'p hanh Trung Udng khoa IX ve va'n de Tdn giao da chi ro phUdng hudng: Hoat dong ton giao va cdng tac tdn giao phai nham tang cUdng doan ket ddng bao tdn giao trong khoi dai doan ket toan dan toe, phat huy siic manh tdng hdp cua toan dan tdc, thUc hien thang M sU nghiep cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda da't nUdc, xay dUng va bao ve vQng chac Td quoc, vi muc tieu dan giau, nUdc manh, xa ho: cdng bang, dan chu, van minh.
Nghi quyet cUng yeu cau cac ca'p uy, td chUc dang, cac ca'p, cac nganh can thong nhat nhan thiic ve cac quan diem va chinh sach cua Dang dd'i vdi Tdn giao nhU sau;
1. Tin ngudng, ton gido Id nhu cdu tinh thdn cda mgt bg phdn nhdn ddn, dang ud se ton tai cung ddn tgc trong qud trinh .xdy diing chu nghia xd hgi d niidc ta. Ddng bao cac tdn giao la bo phan cua khdi diii doan ket toan dan tdc.
ThUc hien nha't quan chinh sach tdn trong va bao dam quyen tti do tin ngUdng.
thed hdac khdng theo mot tdn giao nao, quyen sinh hoat tdn giao binh thUdng theo tlung phap luat. Cac ton giao boat ddng trong khudn khd phap luat, binh dang trUdc phap luat.
2. Ddng, Nhd niidc thiic hien nhdt qudn chinh sdch dgi dodn ket todn ddn tgc. Doan ket ddng bao theo cac tdn giao khac nhau: doan ket ddng bao theo tdn giao va ddng bao khdng theo tdn giao. Giu gin va phat huy nhUng gia tri tich ciic cua truyen thd'ng thd cung td tien, ton vinh nhUng ngUdi cd cdng vdi To qudc va nhan dan. Nghiem ca'm sii phan biet ddi xU vdi cdng dan vi li do tin ngUdng, tdn giad. Ddng thdi. nghiem ca'm ItJi dung tin ngUdng, tdn giao de hoiit ddng me tin di doan. boat ddng triii phap luiit va chinh
sach cua Nha nUdc. kich ddng chia re nhan dan, chia re cac dan tdc. gay rdi, xam pham an ninh qud'c gia.
3. Ngi dung cot loi cua cong tdc tdn gido Id cong tdc udn dgng qudn chdng.
Muc tieu dan giau, nUdc manh. xa hdi cong bang, dan chu, van minh la diem tu'dng ddng de gan bd cac tdn giao vdi sti nghiep chung. Moi cong dan khdng phan biet tin ngUdng, tdn giao deu cd quyen va nghia vu xay diing va bao ve Td qud'c...
4. Cong tdc ton gido Id trdch nhiem cua cd he thdng chinh tri. Cdng tac tdn giao cd lien quan den nhieu hnh viic ciia ddi sd'ng xa hoi. cac cap, cac nganh. cac dia ban. Lam tdt cdng tac tdn giao la trach nhiem cua toan bd he thd'ng chinh tri do Dang lanh dao... Cdng tac quan li nha nUdc ddi vdi cac tdn giao va da'u tranh chong viec l(3i dung tdn giao de chd'ng dd'i che do chi thanh cdng neu lam tdt cdng tac van ddng quan chung.
5. Vdn de theo dgo ud truyin dgo: Moi tin dd deu cd quyen tU do hanh dao tai gia dinh va cd sd thd tii h(3p phap theo quy dinh cua phap luat.
Cac td chdc ton giao dxiOc Nha nUdc thiia nhan dUcJc boat ddng theo phap luat va dUcJc phap luat bao hd dxiOc boat ddng tdn giao, md trUdng dao tao chdc sac nha tu hanh, xua't ban kinh sach va giU gin, sda chUa, xay diing cd sd thd tU tdn giao cua minh theo dung quy dinh cua phap luat.
Viec theo dao, truyen dao ciing nhU moi hoat ddng tdn giao khac deu phai tuan thu Hien phap va phap luiit; khdng du'tJc Itii dung tdn giao tuyen truyen ta diio. boat dong me tin di tloan. khdng dUdc ep budc ngUdi dan thed diio. Nghiem cam cac td chdc truyen dao. ngiidi truyen dao va cac each thiic truyen diio trai phtjp, vi pham cac quy dinh cua Hien phap va phap luat./.
