TRlTOfNG CAO DANG NGHE TRA VINH QUOC GIA TRONG VIEC RIEN SOAN GIAO TRINH CHUYEN NGANH THU Y TAI GIAI PHAP TICH H0P DAO TAO THEO TIEU CHUAN KY NANG

KINH NGHIEM CO s o

GIAI PHAP TICH H0P DAO TAO THEO TIEU CHUAN KY NANG N G H I

QUOC GIA TRONG VIEC RIEN SOAN GIAO TRINH CHUYEN NGANH THU Y TAI TRlTOfNG CAO DANG NGHE TRA VINH

VAN THjAI NGUYEN' Email.vtanguyen2009@gmait.eom

T d m t a t

Giao trinh chuyen mdn nghe Ky thudt nudi vd phdng tn bgnh cho ga, vjt d l phyc vu tham khao cho sinh vidn trinh dp eao dang vd giang vien giang day chuyen ngdnh Thd y. Cau trdc gido trinh eo ban cd 2 phan: (1) k i l n thdc ea s d c i n trien khai (cgp nhgt k i l n thuc vd thdnh t y u mdi cua nganh) vd (2) ky ndng t h y c hign cdng vigc. Cdc ky ndng t h y c hdnh n g h i thudc ndi dung "nudi" vd "dieu tri" d y p c chpn tuong ung t d ede cdng vide thudc tieu e h u i n ky nang nghe (TCKNN) nghe Chdn nudi gia sdc gia e i m vd nghe Thd y. Ndi dung "Cdc dieu kien t h y c hign cdng vigc" d u p c bo sung mdt so tidu c h u i n ngdnh, tidu c h u i n Viet Nam d l ho trp sinh vien: b u d c d i u lam quen, tdng b u d e t y tra edu ede tidu ehuan phd hpp theo yeu eau edng vigc,... b u d c d i u hinh thdnh kha ndng t y hpe, t y ddo tgo. Vide tich hpp k? nang n g h i quoc gia vdo gido trinh nhdm gdp phan tung b u d c gidp ngudi lao dpng d thi trudng trong nude vd Id ea s d cho vige t i l p cdn ede Tieu chuan ky ndng khu v y c vd the gidi.

TiJ' khda: Tich hgp, bien soan giio trinh, Tieu chuin ky nang nghi

Ngdy nhgn bdi; 09/12/2019 Ngdy phdn bien: 10/02/2020 Ngay dang: Thdng 02/2020

Tieh hap Id mdt hogt dpng ma d dd can phai k i t hpp, lien hg, huy ddng cdc y i u to, cd lien quan vdi nhau cua n h i i u ITnh v y c d l gidi quyet mpt v i n de, qua dd, dgt d u p c nhieu mye tieu khac nhau. Myc tieu eua moi chuang trinh ddo tgo n g h i can phai ddp ung yeu cau k i l n thue, ky ndng theo tieu chuan nghe nghigp.

Hay ndi cdch khdc, "Tieu ehuan n g h i nghipp"

chfnh Id t h u d c do k i l n thue, kJ nang ngudi hoc ddi vdi nghe d u p c ddo tgo, Cau true npi dung chuang trinh ddo tao nghe ndi chung vd cao dang nghe Thd y dang d u p c giang day tgi trudng cao d i n g nghe Trd Vinh ndi rieng d u p e tdm t i t trong bang sau [1]:

* Van Thi Ai NguySn • Tm^g Cao dang nghe Tra Vinh

. S 6 7 7 - t h a n g 2 / 2 0 2 0 ^

KINH NGHIEM C0 Sff

Bang 1 : Tom tat chuo-ng trinh nghi Thd y trinh dp cao dang

MaMH/

MD 1

II

11.1

11.2

^ e n mon hoc (mo dun (MH/MD Cac mon hoc chung

Cac mon hpc, mo dun chuyen mon Mon hoc, mo dun ky thuat CO Sff

Mon hoc, mo dun chuyen mon nghe

Tong cpng

CThffi gian hoc tap (giff Ly thuyet

157

589

304

285

746

Thyc hanh 278

1361

281

1080

1639

Sinh vien sau khi tot nghiep d u p c cdng nhgn danh hieu Ky s u thue hdnh, tuong ung bdc 5 Khung trinh dp Qudc gia (theo Q u y l t dinh sd 1982/QD-TTg ngdy 18 thang 10 ndm 2016). Bac 5 Khung trinh dd Quoc gia md td ndi dung ve bdc trinh dd n h u sau.

"Sac 5: Xic nhan trinh do dao tao cua ngudi hgc cd kiin thuc thyc te, kien thdc /y thuyit rdng vi mdt nganh, nghi dio tao; kiin thue cabin vi chinh tri, van hda. xa hdi, phip luat vi cdng nghd thdng tin; cd ky nang nhan thuc, ky nang thyc hanh nghi nghiep va ky nang ung xCe ein thiet di giai quyit nhyng cdng viec hoac vin di phde tap, lim vigc dgc Igp ho§e theo nhdm trong diiu kign lam vi$e thay ddi, chju traeh nhigm ca nhan. trach nhidm hudng din tdi thiiu. giim sit, dinh gii ddi vdi nhdm thye hien nhi/ng nhigm vy xac dinh" [4].

Ben canh do sd luang tfn ehf cda n g h i Thd y trinh dp cao dang Id 105, ddp ung d u p c yeu cau v l khoi lupng hoc tap toi thieu theo Khung trinh dd Quoc gia 60 tfn chi.

Nhdn thdy s u t u o n g thfch mang tfnh chat bdc cau giua chuang trinh ddo tao nghe Thd y trinh dp cao d i n g , cdc cdng viee thude bd Tieu ehuan ky ndng nghd qude gia vd Khung trinh dp qudc gia - chdng tdi van dpng ehpn ra cdc cdng viec thupc tieu c h u i n ky nang n g h i qude gia eda n g h i giang dgy dua vao phan npi dung thye hdnh cda chuong trinh vdi mue tieu tung b u d c tiep can vd quen thudc vdi cac cdng viee thupc TCKNN trong qud trinh ddo tao; tao nen tang vung chdc eho sinh vien sau khi tot nghiep d u p e chuan hda nang lyc nghe nghipp.

0" day, chdng tdi thf d i i m chpn ra mdi5un chuyen mdn nghe "K? thudt nudi vd phdng tri bgnh eho gd, vit' de trien khai bien sogn gido trinh gidng dgy theo phuang phdp tren.

2. Trien khai tieu c h u i n Ky nang n g h i vao bien soan giao trinh Ky thuat nudi va phdng trj benh cho ga, vjt

m

Mddun (MD) KJ thudt nudi vd phdng tn bdnh cho ga, vjt (IVID26) Id md dun chuyen mdn nghe, d u p e gidng day sau khi hpe sinh da hpe xong cdc mdn hpe n h u giai phdu sinh ly, d u p e 1;/, dinh d u d n g , gidng, vd cdc md dun ehuyen mdn chdn nudi gia cam vd cung Id mddun ehuyen mdn ddo tao nghe bdt bupc. Giao trinh d u o c xay dyng eo ban thdnh 2 p h i n : (1) phan tTnh Id khoi lupng k i l n thuc c o s d cdn then khai (cap nhat k i l n thdc vd thdnh t y u mdi

KINH NGHIEM Ca Sff

cua ngdnh) vd (2) phdn dpng Id p h i n ky nang thyc hien cdng viee. Cdc ky nang thuc hanh nghe thudc ndi dung "nudi" vd "dieu tri" d u a c chpn tuang ung t d cac edng viec thupc TCKNN n g h i Chan nudi gia sue gia cdm vd n g h i Thd y Chuang trinh khung cua mddun Ky thudt nudi vd phdng tri benh cho gd, vit gdm 5 bdi hpc, mdi bdi bao gdm (1) gid hpe ly thuyit, (2) gid t h y c hdnh ky ndng, kiem tra vd gid t u hpc d u p e trinh bdy trong bdng sau:

Bang 2: Phan bo g i d cac bai thuoc IVID Ky thu^t nuoi va phong tri b f nh cho ga,vit

I T

1 2 3 4 5

Ten bai Ky thuat nuoi ga thjt cao san va nuoi ga thjt ban chan tha Ky thuat nuoi ga de cao san Ky thuat chan nuoi vit Phong tn cac bpnh tren ga Phong trj bpnh tren vit Tong so

(Thoi gian hoc tap (giff Ly thuyet

5 5 5 9 6 30

Thi^c hanh 20 17 17 19 17 90

T y hpc 19,5

18 18 27 20 102,5

S y phdn bd thdi gian hpc tgp d bang 2 tren ldp vd t y hpc cua sinh vien d mdi bai d u p e eho thay sd gid t y hpe t h i p hon thdi gian sinh trinh bay d bieu do hinh 1:

vidn t h y c hpc tren Idp 14,58%. Thdi gian hpe

Hinh 1: Thdi gian hpc tren ldp va t y hpc cCia sinh vien d m6i bai thupc MD Ky t h u | t nuoi va phong tn b?nh cho ga, vjt.

30

l'°

• ^ 1 ! J= 10

a •

• a 0

. - . - - -

»

19.5 " s

- ; • -

y^ ^„

B a i l - K T N B a i 2 ; K T N B a i 3 : K T B a i 4; Pliong Bai 5: P h o n g g a t h i t . . . g a d e c a o s a

- . - C i i » h ( . C . T S »

n ch3n nuoi ^it t q cac benli tr, cac b e n h t r e n g a t r e n ^ i t lop - ^ G L O t u h o c

. s i 7 7 - I l i a n g 2 / 2 0 2 0

El

KINH NGHIEM Cff Sff

Thdi gian t u hoc d u p e xem Id thdi gian t y chuan bi cd nhdn cd h u d n g d i n hpc mgc dd khdng d u o c tfnh vdo sd gid tfn chi nhung Id d i i u kien d l ngudi hoe t i l p thu k i l n thuc ky nang. Ben eanh do, k i l n thue va ky ndng cua sinh vidn t r u d c khi vao ca s d ddo tgo cd tdc ddng tieh cue den nang l y e t u hoe vd kha ndng t i l p thu k i l n thue eua sinh vien (Gettinger, 1985) [5], T u bieu dd hinh 1 eho thay so gid t y hoc thap hon so gid hpc tren Idp. Neu dung so gid hpc tren ldp eda mdi bdi ldm don vj thi trung binh 1 gid hoe tren ldp (60 phdt) can 47- 58 phdt t u hpe vd chuan bj ed nhdn.

Holee (1981) [6], eho rang t y hpe chinh la khd nang t y chju trdeh nhidm cua ngudi hpc ddi vdi vigc hpe eua ehinh ho; khd ndng ndy dupe the hien thdng qua cdc edng viee sau: xde dinh mue tieu, ndi dung vd k l hogch hpc tap, lya chon phuong phdp hpc tap vd cdc chien lupe.

theo ddi qud trinh hoc tap d l ddnh gid hieu qud qua trinh hpc tgp eua ehfnh minh. Do vgy, de c h u i n bi eho mpt gid hpc trdn Idp dat hieu qua ngudi hpc c i n t u xde lap d u p e edu tra ldi eho cac mue tieu tren. Cae cdng vigc ndy khi d u p c lap lgi t h u d n g xuyen trd thdnh t i l n trinh t y hoe, gdp phan phdt t r i l n nang lyc t y hpe cda sinh vien. Nang luc t y hpe eung ehinh la mpt trong nhdng chuan d i u ra thudc nhdm ndng lyc chung, trong xdy d y n g chuang trinh gido due theo dmh hudng phdt trien nang lyc ngudi hpc. D l trien khai ede cdng vipe thudc tieu c h u i n Ky ndng n g h i Qudc gia chdng tdi xac djnh s u dyng 2 bd tieu c h u i n K? ndng n g h i Chdn nudi gia sdc gia cam vd nghe Thd y vdi tdng so 229 edng vige. Cdc bdc ky ndng thudc 2 bp tieu chuan ky ndng d u p c trinh bay trong bang sau:

Bang 3: L u y n g cong viec theo b|ic Ity nang cua 2 nghd Chan nuoi gia sue gia cam va nghe Thu y

TT

1 2

3

Ten nghe

Chan nuoi gia sue gia cam Thuy

MD Ky thugt nuoi va phong

•trj benh chp ga, vjt

Cac ccng viec theo bac ky nang nghe ({cong viec Bac

1 7 21

0 Bac

2 21 32

5 Bac

3 43 20

9 Bac

4 54 10

9 Bac

5 17 4

2

Cac cong viec Saqic chpn thupc mSSun cong vi?c cua 2 nghe; thap fr b a d , tang dan a cho thay c6 sif bien thien p h i hep yi'i tong s6 bac 2, 3, 4 va giam dan ve b j c 5 (hinh 2).

^ So 7 7 - d i a n g 2/2020

f KINH NGHIEM Cff Sff

Hinh 2; S y b i l n thien v l cdng vi$c o cac bac Icy nang cua modun, n g h i chan nuoi gia sue gia c i m , Thu y va tong 2 nghd.

—Thii y

- C N G S G C

• • Tong 2 nghe

- M D K T N - PTB ga vk

lac 2 Bac 3 Bac 4 Bac Triiili dp ky naiig nghe

Cd 25 edng viec dupe chpn td 229 edng hpc, mddun ehuyen mdn (6,15%). Doi tuang viec thupc 2 bp tieu chudn Ky ndng nghi Chdn vdt nudi hudng din id 3 (gd thjt, ga de, v|t) vd nudi gia sue gia cam va nghi Thd y tuong van d l khoa hpc Id 3 nen cd mdt so cdng vigc duang vdi tl Ig 10,92%. Tf Ig ndy eao han so tan sd trien khai cd khac biet.

vdi ti Id gid eda mddun ehilm trong cdc mdn „ * , . . . . , , . * , . .

^ So luong cae edng viee dupc tnen khai vdo mddun dupe trinh bdy trong bang sau:

Bang 4. Cong v i f c trien khai theo b^c Ity nang n g h i T T

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Ten cong viec

Danh gia, chpn Ipc con giong

Xac djnh che dp chieu sang Xac iJjnh nhu cau thdc an, nudc uong

Theo doi kha nang tieu thy thuc an, nudc uong Xac djnh tieu chuan chuong nuoi

Xac dinh dja diem xay dyng chuong nuoi

Xac djnh kieu chuong Thiet ke chuong nudi Xay dyng ke hoach thdc an

Cac cong vigc theo b|ic ky nang nghe B^c

1 B|c

2 B|c

3

X X

X

X

X B|c

4 X

X

X B^c

5

X Masd

cong viec H10 12 14 17

01 02 04 05 F1

s d 7 7 - t h a n g 2 / 2 0 2 0 ^ ^

KINH NGHIEM c a sir

TT

10 11

12

13 14 15 16 17 18

19

20 21 22 23 24 25

Ten cong vi^c

Lgp khau phan thuc an Phoi trpn khau phan an L i p d|t, kiem tra thiet bj xde djnh tieu khi h$u chuong nuoi, mdi chuong

Kiem tra nguon nudc Kiem tra chat lupng nudc uong Kiem tra khoi lupng ca the L|p so theo doi Chuan bj thuc an hon hyp Khao sat va xac djnh dong chgy

Phan tich hieu qua kinh te cua phuong an

Thyc hien quy trinh liem phong Chan doan lam sang benh Chan doan qua mo kham benh Chan doan djch te benh Lay benh pham benh Xac djnh phac do dieu trj benh

Cac cong viec theo bge ky nang nghe (cong viec) Bdc

1 Bdc

2

X

X

X

X

X Bge

3

X

X

<

X Bge

4 X

X

X X

X

X Bge

5

X IVIaso

cong viec

F11 F12

E13

Gl G6 K10 K11 F8 L1

B5

TY.C4 TY.D1 TY.D2 TY.D3 TY.D4 TY.E1

Ghi chu: Ma so cong vi4c bit diu "TT' nghia la cac cang viae duvc cliQn tir tiau chuan if} nang nghe Thj y.

So lifi?! trien khai 26 cong vi$c vao cac la "kJ thuSt nuoi" va "phong trj benh" hi^ang bai hpc thupc mSdun la 49, Dieu nay la do, den 3 doi tu'dng vSt nuoi Id ga thit (bSi 1), gS moaun au'ijc xSy dyng trSn 2 npi dung cc ban hyiJng triing (bai 2) v4 v|t (bSi 3).

^ S6 77-niang 2/2020

KINH NGHIEM C0Sa

Hinh 3: T i n s 6 trien khai cu the cac cong vi#c thuoc MD Ky thu^t nuoi va phong trj b f nh cho ga, v j t

HIO 12 14 17 CI C2 C4 C5 F l F l l F12 Si. E13 bl) G l (J G6

^ KIO K l l

F 8 L I

TV.C4 TV.Dl TY.D2 T y . D 3

TY.El

mmmm

^~~~

1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1

!

1

1 1

2

2 2

2 3

4 4 4 4

0 1 2 3 *

So lircft thirc hien cong vieo (lirot)

sa77-thang2/2020 [ ^

KINH NGHIEM Cff Sff

T u bieu do hinh 3 cho thay cd 13 cong viec d u a c trien khai 1 ISn, 5 cdng viec d u g c trien khai 2 lan, 2 cong viec cong viec d u g c trien khai 3 lan va 5 cong viec d u g c trien khai 4 lan. Cac cdng viec d u g c trien khai 1 lan tSp trung vao cac cong viec mang linh dac trung cho tung ddi t u c n g dgng vgt trong mddun. Cac cong viec trien khai 2-3 lan thupc cac cong vi$c sau khi t h y c hien nguoi hoc co the de dang trien khai tren doi t u g n g dpng v | t tiep theo. B a so cac cdng viec d u g c trien khai 4 l i n thupc ve thupc ky nang nghe Thii y, bao gom: chan doan lam sang, mo kham va djch te; phuang phap i i y benh pham va xac dinh phac do dieu tn tap trung chu yeu va 2 nhom benh do vi khuan va virus gay ra tren 2 doi t u a n g la ga va vjt. Do moi benh mang mgt dgc trung rieng ve nguyen nhan, trieu chipng, benh tich, phuang phap phdng va li^u trinh dieu tri kh^c nhau. Moi nhom benh tren mdi doi t u p n g vat nuoi chOng toi lya chgn mgt benh dat trung cho hpc sinh tien hanh tai Id-p; cac benh cdn lai d u g c dgt vao phan giao bai de sinh vien ngoai viec t y ren luyen con co the tan dung hieu qua gid t y hgc lam giau them kien thil-c va ky nang chuyen mdn nghe.

Viec giao due va dao tgo sinh vien ngoai kien thuc, ky nang va thai dd doi vdi nghe nghiep d u g c dio tao ma cdn co y nghTa han neu sau khda dao tgo ngud'i hgc co the phat trien sau vS rdng doi vd-l nghe va ngo^i nghe.

Vi kien t h u c khdng chi 1^ phan do ngud'i dgy

"truyen dgt" m^ con \i kien thd'c 1^ thCr "dugc xSy d y n g bd-i ngud'i hgc" (Candy, 1991 trich dan tCf Graffitlersfeld & S m o c k , 1974)[2]. Do vgy khi bien sogn gi^o trinh chCing tdi ky vpng bud-c dau hinh thanh, nudi du&ng va phat huy kha nang t y hgc ciia sinh vien thong qua viec hud'ng d i n sinh vien tiep can d u a c nguon hpc lieu, t y trai nghlpm, nudi du&ng nen tan t u dao tao. The nen, ben cgnh viec tich hgp ky nang nghe vao bien soan giao trinh giang day d myc

"Cac dieu kl$n t h y c hi^n cdng viec" ngoai dung cu, thi^t bj, m i u , . . chung tdi cdn bo sung mdt so tieu chuan nganh, tieu chuan Viet Nam de ho tra sinh vien:

- B u d c d i u lam quen vai ti&u chuan nganh, tiSu chuan Viet Nam.

- T u n g b u d c t y tim d u g c cac tieu chuan phQ hgp theo yeu c i u cong viec.

-Tiep can kenh trien khai thdng tin ngoai giao trinh v& tai li$u phat tay ..

- Bud'c d i u hinh thanh kha nang t y hpc, t y dao tgo,

Tdm lai, giao trinh day nghe ndi chung va nghe Thu y ndi rieng la ca s a cho sinh vien hgc tap, nghien CCPU, t h y c hanh de co d u a c kien thuc, ky nang can thiet. Vipc tich hgp Ky nang nghe quoc gia vio giao trinh trud-c tien v i n xuat phat td' chuang trinh khung cua modun dao tgo, lya chgn cdng viec phu hgp.

Tung bud'c gdp phan giilp nguai lao ddng a thj truo-ng trong nud'c va la c a s a cho viec tiep can cac Ti6u chuan ky nang khu v y c va the gio'i.

3. K M luan

Giao trinh Ky t h u | t nudi va phdng trj b?nh cho g^,vlt da d u g c bign sogn theo chuang trinh d^o tgo hipn h^nh tai trudng Cao dang nghe Tra Vmh. Giao trinh da ho trg tich eye cho ngud'i hgc kien thCnc, ky nang nghe theo chuan KJ nSng nghe Quoc gia, tiep c^n c^c tieu chuan nganh va quoc gia thugc chu chuyen mdn nghe Thd y O

Tai lieu t h a m khao

[1]. B6 Nong nghiep va Phat tnen ndng thon (2012), Tieu chuin kp nang nghi Chan nudi gia sue gia eim va Tieu chuin ky nang nghi Thd y (Ban h^nh kem theo Thdng t u

^ So 77 - thano 2/2020

KINH NGHIEM CaSCr

so 05/2012nT-BNNPTNT ngay 18 thang 01 [5]. Gettinger, M. (1985), Timea/tocafcned nam 2012 cua BO tru-ong Bp Nong nghiep va snd time spent relative to time needed for

Ml ^ J /.«,v^, r. ^ ,• Journal of Educational Psychology.

[2]. Candy (1991), SeMirection for Ufelong

Leamihj, California-Jossey-Bass. [6]. Holec, H. (1981), Autonomy and .„, „ , j , . , . . . , , , . , „ foreign/angt/age/earn/no, Oxford; Pergamon.

3. Cao ding nghi Tra Vmh, Chuvng ,_ . , ," " „ „ , „ "' „ ., ,

»„•„>, i,h„„„ „ i.A T^- .,,..,- ^ F"'^' published 1979, Strasbourg; Council of tnnh khung nghe Thu y trinh 3Q cao <3ang .- .

Truang Cao aing nghi, Tra Vinh. ° [4]. Chinh phu (2016), Quyet dinh so 1982/

QO-TTg cua Thu tudng Chinh phu; Phe duy^t Khung trinh do qudc gia Viet Nam, Ha Npi.

SOLUTION OF INTEGRATING WORKS IN NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL SKILLS STANDARDS ON COIVIPILING CURRICULUM OF VETERINARY SPECIALIZED MODULE

IN TRA VINH VOCATIONAL COLLEGE

Van Thi Ai Nguyen *

Email:vtanguyen2009@gmail. com

Curriculum of specialized module "Husbandry and prevention- treatment of chicken and ducks" was compiled for referencing of college veterinary students and lecturers. The curriculum was structured on 2 parts: (1) basic knowledge (updating knowledge and new achievements of poultry branch) and (2) skills needed to achieve task objectives. Occupational skills in the content of "husbandry" and "prevention- treatment" were chosen form 2 two sets of National occupational skills standards (1) husbandry cattle and poultry and (2) veterinary. In content "Conditions fordoing the work" was added some standards in branch, National Standards to support students: initially familiarize, step by step look up appropriate standards according to requirements of works...

initially formed the ability to self-study and self-train. The integration of national occupational skills standards into the curriculum aims to gradually help workers (graduated student) "flatten" in the domestic labor market and be the basis for access to regional and woridskills standards.

Keywords: Integrating, compiling curriculum, specialized module. National occupational

skills standards, woridskills standards.

' Van ThlAi Nguyen • Tra Vinh vocational college

^ So 77-Ihang 2/2020 ^