Nghien cuu - Trao ddi Tpp chi C d n g sdn
MOT SO VAN DE DAT RA
D 6 | Vbl CHIEN LUOC BAO VE TO QUOC TRONG GIAI DOAN HIEN NAY
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NGUYEN N G O C H O I
"Chiin luqc bdo ve Td qudc trong tinh hinh mm" duac Hoi nghi lan thii tdm Ban Chip hdnh Trung uong Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam (khoa IX) de ra vd da di vdo cuoc sdng thuc tiin hon 5 ndm qua. Not dung cua Chien luffc da phdn anh mot cdch tap trung nhiing tuduy mdi cua Ddng ta ve nhiem vu bdo ve To qudc trong bdi cdnh ddt nude day mqnh hoi nhqp kinh te quoc ti ngdy cdng sdu, rong. Dd Id ket tinh tri tue sdng tqo cua todn Ddng qua nhieu ky Dqi hoi, dqc Met Id su ke thiia vd phdt trien nhimg tu duy mdi ve nhiem vu bdo ve Td qudc tit cdc Dqi hoi Idn thii VII, VIII vd IX.
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HUC tien trien khai thye hien "Chien luge bao ve Td qudc trong tinh hinh mdi" nhiing nam qua da dem lai nhieu thanh tuu to Idn, ma ndi bat la: ddc lap, ehu quyen, thdng nhat, toan ven lanh thd cua dat nude, ciing nhu sy lanh dao cua Dang, che dp chinh tri xa hdi chii nghia (XHCN) dugc giir virng; the va lye cua nude ta da tang len nhieu; dat nude hda binh, dn dinh da tao mdi trudng thuan lpi de phat trien kinh te; nude ta dugc xem la diem den an toan ciia khach du lich va cac nha dau tu qudc te, v.v.. Thye tien dd da minh chirng cho tinh diing dan ciia nhirng nhan djnh, dy bao va quan diem chl dao ma "Chien luge bao ve To qudc trong tinh hinh mdi" da neu ra. Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh thye hien Chien luge bao ve Td qudc, thai gian qua, da xuat hien nhung han che, bat cap (ca trong nhan thuc va td ehuc hanh ddng), ddi hdi viec tiip tuc thye hienChien luge nay trong giai doan hien nay phai cd nhiing giai phap khac phyc hieu qua.
Trudc het, phai lam tdt hon nira viec quan triet trong mpi tang Idp nhan dan he thdng quan diem mdi cua Dang ve muc tieu vd nhiem vu bdo ve Td qudc ma "Chien luge bao ve Td qudc trong tinh hinh mdi" da neu ra;
sdm khac phyc nhirng han che trong nhan thirc va hanh ddng ciia mdt bd phan can bp, dang vien va nhan dan ve van de nay. Dd la chua thay dugc sy gan bd chat che giira bao ve ddc lap, chu quyen, thdng nhat va toan ven lanh thd vdi bao ve chl dp chinh tri XHCN;
chua nhan thirc day dii vai trd, tam quan trpng cua nhiem vu bao ve sy nghiep ddi mdi, bao ve an ninh qudc gia, trat ty an toan xa hdi va bao ve nen van hda vdi bao ve ddc lap, chii
* Thieu tuang, PGS, TS, Tong Bien Tap tap chi Quoc phong toan dan
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quyen, su thdng nhat, toan ven lanh thd va che dp chinh tri... Vi the, cd noi, cd liic, mdt bd phan nhan dan, nhat la thanh nien da bi cac the lye ben ngoai kich ddng chay theo van de bao ve Td qudc ve mat ty nhien - lich su ma sao nhang va xem nhe viec bao ve Td quoc ve mat ehinh tri - xa hdi; tu dd, roi vao am muu tham ddc ciia chien luge "dien bien hda binh"
ma cac the luc thii dich giang ra, hdng loi dung cac van de nhay cam ve chu quyen, lanh thd ma lich sir de lai de ha be vai trd lanh dao ciia Dang, lat dd che dp chinh tri XHCN mot each em tham, khdng can tdi chien tranh. De khac phue han che dd, van de dat ra hien nay la cac cap, cac nganh phai day manh cong tac giao due, nang cao nhan thirc, nham quan triet cd hieu qua hon trong cac tang Idp nhan dan ve 6 ndi dung trong myc tieu, nhiem vu bao ve Td qudc ma Chien luge da neu: "Mot la, bao ve viing chac doe lap, chii quyen, thdng nhat, toan ven lanh thd; hai Id, bao ve Dang, Nha nude, nhan dan va che dp XHCN; ba Id, bao ve sy nghiep ddi mdi, cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude; bdn Id, bao ve loi Ich qudc gia, dan tdc; ndm Id, bao ve an ninh chinh tri, trat ty an toan xa hdi va nen van hoa; sdu Id, giu virng dn dinh chinh tri va moi trudng hda binh, phat trien dat nude theo dinh hudng XHCN". Dieu guan trpng la phai lam cho mpi ngudi dan hieu ro hon moi quan he bien chirng, khdng the tach rdi ^iira cac ndi dung trong nhiem vu bao ve To qudc; kien dinh muc tieu ddc lap dan tdc gan lien vdi chii nghia xa hdi (CNXH); khlng dinh ro: bao ve To qudc Viet Nam hien nay la bao ve Td qudc Viet Nam XHCN; tir dd thudng xuyen nang cao tinh thin canh giac each mang, cham lo xay dyng va cung cd tinh than yeu nude XHCN, kien quyit dap tan mpi am muu tham ddc trong chien luge "dien bien hda binh" cua cac thi lye thu dich, bao ve viing chac doc lap, chu quyin, thdng nhat, toan ven lanh thd ciia Td qudc, bao ve cdng cuoc ddi mdi theo dinh hudng XHCN dudi sy lanh dao ciia Dang.
Hai la, cm nmg cao nhan thirc cua nhan dan ve nhung phat trien mdi trong phuang thuc bdo ve Td qudc hien nay; lam cho mpi ngudi dan thay ro vai trd ngay cang noi bat cua bien phap phi vii trang, van de ket hgp giira xay dyng va bao ve, van de ty bao ve ciia moi ca nhan, to chirc va bao ve Td qudc tir xa dang ddi hdi tinh chii ddng, tich eye va thudng tryc hon cua mpi ngudi dan. Thye tien nhirng nam qua cho thay, nhan thirc ciia mot bp phan can bp, dang vien va nhan dan trong xa hoi ta ve van de nay con han che; chua thay dugc sy thay ddi ve chien luge va phuong thuc chdng pha each mang nude ta ciia cac the lye thu dich, phan ddng, trong do chung su dung phirong thuc phi vii trang la chu yeu, lpi dung cac chieu bai "dan chii",
"nhan quyen", "ton giao", "dan tpc" de can thiep vao ndi bp nude ta vdi cac thu doan
"dien bien hoa binh" ket hgp vdi bao loan lat do va khi c6 thdi ca thi cd the phat ddng chien tranh xam luge. Do vay, da cd khdng it ngudi mat canh giac trudc nhirng am muu, thu doan pha hoai bang chien luge "dien bien hda binh"
ciia cac the lye thu dich; chua thay het tinh nguy hai cua chien luge nay. Vi the, mot trong nhirng nhiem vu cap bach liic nay la phai lam cho mpi can bp, dang vien va cac tang Idp nhan dan c6 nhan thuc ngay cang day du hon ve sy ddi mdi tu duy chien luge ciia chiing ta ve bao ve Td qudc ngay nay, tu sir dung cac bien phap vii trang la chinh sang sir dung cac bien phapjphi vii trang la chinh, ket hgp chat che vdi dau tranh vii trang khi can thiet; trong do, van de dau tranh tren cac linh vyc kinh te, chinh tri, tu tudng, van hoa, sy kit hgp giua kinh te vdi qudc phdng va an ninh, ddi ngoai can phai dugc quan tam nhieu hon. Ben canh dd, can lam cho mpi to chirc, ca nhan trong xa hdi ta hieu ro hon sy ddi mdi phuong thue bdo ve Td qudc ngay nay con dugc the hien d viec: tirng dia phuong, ca sd phai ehu ddng gan ket xay dyng vdi bao ve va ty bao ve mdt each thudng xuyen, mpi luc, mpi noi, trong tirng chien luge, quy hoach, ke
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hoach phat triin kinh tl - xa hdi; xem ty bao ve la phuang thirc huu hieu nhat de "bao ye tir xa", chdng "dien bien hda binh", nhat la chong "ty dien bien", v.v.. trong sy nghiep bao ve Td qudc hien nay.
Ba la, cm nmg cao nhan thirc ciia toan dan ve sue mqnh vd luc luqng bdo ve Td qudc ngay nay khdng chl la sue manh cua lye lugng vii trang, ma la sire manh cua toan dan, siix;
manh tong hgp cua quoc gia va che dp, lay sue manh kinh te, chinh tri lam ca sd. Theo do, can tiep tuc lam cho mpi ngudi hieu rd:
ngay nay, trong dieu kien he thdng XHCN the gidi khdng con, thi sire manh ben trong cua dat nude, sire manh cua che dp chinh tri, sy virng manh cua Dang va he thdng chinh tri, sy trong sach cua dpi ngii can bd, dang vien va sire manh cua khoi dai doan ket toan dan tdc la nhan td quyet dinh than^ lpi cua sy nghiep bao ve Td qudc. Trong van de nay, can sdm khac phuc nhirng nhan thirc phien dien cua mot bp phan can bp, dang vien va nhan dan khi cho rang: tap trung lam cho kinh te manh, thi ty khac quoc phong se manh. Tu dd, trong hanh dong thuc tien, hp chii trpng nhieu hon den myc tieu kinh te, ma chua quan tam diing muc den muc tieu, nhiem vu bao ve To qudc, chua chii y ket hgp chat che giua phat trien kinh te - xa hoi vdi tang cudng qudc phdng - an ninh. Ben canh dd, tren co sd nhan thuc diing dan ve sire manh bao ve Td qudc hien nay, can lam ehuyen bien can ban trong nhan thuc va hanh ddng ciia mpi tang Idp nhan dan ve vai trd^ cua cac lye lugng trong sy nghiep bao ve Td qudc hien nay; ma d dd, lire luqng vd trang chi Idm ndng cot trong ddu tranh vii trang, cdn trong dieu kien dau tranh phi vu trang dang ndi len nhu la phuong thuc dlu tranh chu yeu de bao ve To qudc, thi vai trd ciia toan dan phai dugc dat len hang dlu.
Theo do, mdi ngudi dan, tren co sd chu nghia yeu nude XHCN, vdi nhirng phuang tien ma khoa hpc - cdng nghe cua thdi dai dem lai, hoan toan co the va can phai chii ddng, ty giac tham gia bao ve To qudc, bao ve co quan, don
vi va nganh minh bang nhirng viec lam va hinh thuc phii hgp vdi ehuc nang ciia mdi to chire, co quan, don vi ciing nhu ehuc trach, nghe nghiep va phirong tien cua mdi ngudi dan. Nhu the, se tao nen sue manh tdng hgp qudc gia va cung chinh la bieu hien ciia hanh ddng bao ve Td qudc tu xa, bao ve Td qudc tir ca sd. Cirng vdi tiep tyc day manh xay dyng Quan dpi nhan dan va Cdng an nhan dan each mang, chinh quy, tinh nhue, tiing budc hien dai, ed quy md hgp ly, trong dieu kien hien nay, can ehu trpng xay dyng lye lugng dy hi ddng vien hirng hau, lye lugng dan quan ty ve
"vung manh, rdng khap", nhat la trong cac doanh nghiep tu nhan, doanh nghiep co von dau tu nude ngoai.
Bdn la, qum triet sau sac hon nira trong mpi tang Idp nhan dan tu duy bien chiing ciia Dang ta ve ddi tuang vd ddi tdc trong thdi ky hdi nhap kinh te qudc te. Day la van de dac biet quan trpng, lien quan chat che den su phoi hgp giira qudc phdng vdi kinh te, an ninh va ddi ngoai; anh hudng den hieu qua viec phat huy sire manh tdng hgp dl bao ve T6 qudc trong tinh hinh mdi. Trong thye tiin, do nhan thirc chua day du vl am muu, thu doan tinh vi, tham ddc trong chiin luge "diln biln hda binh" cua cac the lye thu dich, nen thdi gian qua, mdt bd phan can bd, dang vien va nhan dan nhan thuc chua dly du (cd luc chua dung) ve ddi tugng, ddi tac ciia nude ta hien nay; chua thay rd tinh bien chirng trong quan diem cua Dang ye ddi tugng va ddi tac. Do vay, nhan thuc ve hgp tac va dlu tranh, ddi tugng va ddi tac cd liic, cd noi chua that ro;
kha nang cy the hda quan dilm nay trong xir ly cac tinh hudng cdn han chl; mdt bd phan nhan dan, dac biet la thanh nien, cdn mic muu thu doan cua cac thi lye thir dich trong xu ly cac vy viec cy thi, nhlt la trong xir ly cac van de nhay cam yl dlu tu, vl chu quyin, lanh thd do lich su dl lai, v.v.. D I khic phuc, can day manh hon nua edng tac giao due chinh tri, tu tudng, nang cao nhan thirc ciia cae tang Idp nhan dan vl vln dl nay; lam cho
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mpi ngudi dan nam vung nhirng nguyen tac xac dinh ddi tugng va ddi tac cua Dang:
"Nhung ai ehu truong tdn trpng ddc lap, chii quyen, thiet lap va md rdng quan he hiru nghi va hgp^ tac binh dang, cung c6 lpi vdi Viet Nam deu la ddi tac cua chiing ta. Bat ke the lye nao ed am muu va hanh dong chdng pha muc tieu ciia nude ta trong su nghiep xay dyng va bao ve Td qudc deu la ddi tugng dau tranh"''^; ddng thdi, phai giiip hp cd each nhin bien chirng ve ddi tugng va ddi tac: trong mdi ddi tuong van cd the cd mat can tranh thu, hgp tac; trong mot sd ddi tac, co the co mat khac biet, mau thuan vdi lpi ich cua ta, can phai dau tranh.
Ndm la, nmg cao hon nira nhan thirc va trach nhiem cua cac cap, cac nganh, cac lye lugng trong xa hdi ddi vdi viec xdy dung nen qudc phdng todn ddn; kien quyet khac phuc nhirng nhan thirc chua diing ciia mdt bp phan can bd, dang vien va nhan dan cho rang: qudc phong chi la viec rieng cua quan dpi, ciia Bd Qudc phdng, va qudc phdng chl nham chuan bi dl danh thang chien tranh vu trang cua cac the lye xam luge. Theo do, chiing ta can nang cao trach nhiem ciia cac cap, cac nganh trong tham gia xay dyng nen qudc phdng toan dan (ea ve lye lugng va the tran), nhat la thye hien sy kit hgp giira phat trien kinh te - xa hdi vdi tang cudng qudc phdng - an ninh, trong xay dyng va td chirc dien tap khu vyc phdng thii tinh (thanh phd) theo Nghi quyet sd 28-NQ/TW ciia Bd Chinh tri va trong xay dyng "thi tran long dan" cua khu vyc phdng thii; bao dam viec td chirc dien tap khu vyc phdng thu cd sy tham gia day du hon ciia cac ban, nganh Trung uong, sy phdi hgp chat che cua cac luc lugng quan dpi, cdng an, bien phong (neu cd) trong khu vyc phdng thu, nhIm nang cao kha nang van hanh co che hoat ddng khu vyc phdng thu theo tinh than Nghi quyit sd 02-NQ/TW cua Bd Chinh tri.
Ciing vdi dd, tiip tuc ddi mdi nhan thuc ve mdi quan he giira qudc phdng vdi an ninh va ddi ngoai trong dieu kien nude ta da la thanh vien ciia Td chirc Thuong mai the gidi; bo
sung, hoan thien quy che phdi hgp giira ba linh vyc nay, lam ro ca che lanh dao, chl dao, chl huy, quan ly sy phoi hgp trong dieu kien thye hien cac cam ket qudc te; ddng thdi, tich eye ddi mdi ndi dung, hinh thuc, bien phap phdi hgp, ket hgp cac hoat dong doi ngoai quan sy, quoc phong, an ninh vdi doi ngoai cua Dang, Nha nude va ddi ngoai nhan dan trong thye hien nhiem vu bao ve Td quoc;
nghien ciru xay dyng Chien luge qudc phong - an ninh - ddi ngoai va ket hgp xay dyng the tran quoc phong toan dan vdi the tran an ninh nhan dan va ddi ngoai nhan dan trong mdt chien luge thong nhat ve bao ve Td qudc.
Ciing vdi do, can day manh cdng tac giao due quoc phdng- an ninh toan dan va bdi dudng kien thuc qudc phdng - an ninh theo Chl thi sd 12-CT/TW cua Bp Chinh tri vl "Tang cudng sy lanh dao cua Dang doi vdi cdng tac giao due quoc phdng - an ninh trong tinh hinh mdi" va Nghi dinh sd 116/2007/ND-CP cua Chinh phu ve "Giao due qudc phdng - an ninh" cho mpi tang Idp nhan dan; xem do la bien phap ca ban, cd tinh chat nen tang de nang cao trach nhiem ciia mpi cap, mpi nganh va mpi ngudi dan ddi vdi sy nghiep xay dyng nen quoc phdng toan dan viing manh.
Sy nghiep bao ve To quoc cua nhan dan ta dang dirng trudc nhieu ca hdi va thach thuc to Idn. De gianh lay ca hdi, vugt qua thach thirc, viec tiip tuc quan triet sau sac hon nira nhirng quan dilm ca ban ciia Dang trong "Chien luge bao ve Td quoc trong tinh hinh mdi" la hit sire cln thiet. Nhung, quan trpng hon, la tren co sd do, timg cap, nganh, ca quan, don vi, dia phirong va tiing ngudi dan phai biet van dung hnh hoat, sang tao nhiing van de ca ban cd tinh nguyen tac do de xu ly cac tinh hudng cu the, gdp phan vao bao ve viing chac Td qudc Viet Nam XHCN trong thdi ky mdi.Q
(1) Ban Tu tuOTig - Van hoa Trung uong: Tdi lieu hoc tap Nghi quyet Hoi nghi Idn thu tdm Ban chap hdnh Trung uong Ddng khoa IX. Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia. Ha Noi, 2003, tr44
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