tham nhung dat dai of Hai Phong hien nay

Tich circ phong, chong

tham nhung dat dai of Hai Phong hien nay

O ThS. PHAM THj KIM ANH Trudng Chinh tri Td Hieu - Hal Phong

Phong, ehdng tham nhung dat dai (TNDD) la mgt trong nhUng nhiem vu quan trgng cija Hai Phdng eung nhUmoi dia phUdng tren ca nude trong giai doan hien nay. Ddi v&t Hai Phong, phong, chong TNDD mang tinh cap thiet con do dac thu phat trien kinh te - xa hgi (KT-XH) va thue trang TNDD cua Thanh phd. Vdi xu hudng phat trien, tang trudng kinh te nhanh, eae hoat dgng chuyen doi quyen, mye dieh sddyng dat (MDSDD) cd xu hudng gia tang khien qua trinh quan ly dat dai (QLDD) cua thanh pho ngay cang phUc tap cung nhu TNDD didn ra ngay cang tinh vi, gay hau qua nghiem trgng. TNDD tai Hai Phong khong chi can trd phat trien KT-XH dja phUdng ma con gay xoi mon niem tin eua nhan dan vdi Dang, vdi he thd'ng chinh tri thanh phd. Do do, phong, chdng TNDD tai Hai Phong la nhiem vy ehinh trj quan trgng eua Dang bg, chinh quyen va toan the nhan dan Thanh phd.

Dat van de

Phdng, chd'ng tham nhung la mdt trong nhUng nhiem vu quan trpng ma mdi nha nUdc, mdi qud'c gia deu phai thuc hien va thuc hien thudng xuyen. Tham nhung khdng chT gay nhOng hau qua nang n l cho KT-XH, tao sU bat binh dang, cdng bang ma edn anh hudng den uy tin cua bp may quan ly nha nude (QLNN), d i n den nhCfng hanh vi, thai dp khdng tich cue eua ngUdi dan. 6 Viet Nam, vdi dac thu ve che dp sd hiiu dat dai toan dan, TNDD ngay cang trd nen tmh vi, phUe tap, dae biet d nhUng dja phuong phat tnen nhanh, ed sU djch chuyen quyen, MDSDD Idn. H l i Phdng la mot trong nhUng dja phUdng nhu vay.

Cung vdi qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, tec dp phat trien KT-XH nhanh, QLDD & Hai Phdng tap trung vao nhOng hoat ddng chu y i u la ehuyen doi MDSDD, quyen sU dyng dat (SDD) - nhOng hoat ddng d l n i y sinh TNDD. Trong nhUng nam qua, Hai Phdng da xuat hien nhUng vy an TNDD gay hau qua nghiem trong vdi KT-XH. TNDD

khdng chi gay lang phi cua cai, thdi gian ma cdn la lUc can, can trd sU phat trien KT-XH dia phUdng. Ben canh dd, TNDD thudng cd anh hudng, lien quan trUe tilp d i n Ipi ich cua nhan dan, nen da gay su bUc xuc trong nhan dan, xdi mdn niem tin eija nhan dan vdi ehinh quyen. Ding bd thanh phd. Do dd, trong giai doan hien nay, phdng, chong TNDD 6 Hai Phdng la hoat ddng mang tinh cap thilt ma mdi ngUdi dan, ca nhan, to ehUc eung nhu c l he thd'ng chinh tri. Cd phdng, chong TNDD td't mdi ed the tao sU cdng bang, minh bach, tao mdi trUdng hudng tdi day nhanh sU phit trien eua thanh phd' theo hudng hien dai, ben vUng,

Npi dung

Khai niem ve tham nhung dat dai

Ke thUa va chmh sda nhiing bat c i p trong Luat Phdng, ehdng tham nhung nam 2005 (chinh sCfa bo sung nam 2007, 2012), Luat Phdng, Chd'ng tham nhung nam 2018 da dua ra khai niem tham nhung vUa day dij, vUa mang tinh khai quit. Theo dd, tham nhung

duoc hieu la hanh vi cua ngudi co chUc vu, quyen han va da Idi dung chUc vu, quyen han do vi vu Idi.

Luat nay cung luan giai tudng minh v l cym tU "vy Ipi". "Vu Idi la vi$c ngudi co chUc vu, quyen han da Idi dung chUc vu, quySn han nham dat dUdc Idi ich v$t chat hoac Idi ich phi vat chat khdng chinh dan^'. Do dd cd the hieu, tham nhijpg la hanh vi cua ngudi co chCfc vu, quyen han va da Idi dung, chUc vu, quyen han do nham dat dUdc nhUng Idi ich vat chat hoac Idi ich phi v$t chat khong chinh dang.

Cd the tilp can tham nhung dudi nhieu gdc dp, loai hinh nhu:

Tham nhung quyen luc, tham nhung chinh trj, tham nhung kmh te... Trong dd, tham nhung kinh t l la loai hinh tham nhung pho biln nhat. Tham nhung kinh t l xay ra trong elc hoat ddng quin ly kinh t l nhu: Quin ly tai sin edng, kinh doanh, sin xuaL QLDD.., TNDD la mdt kieu tham nhung kinh t l , la hanh vi cua ngUdI co chUc vu, quyen han ve ITnh vuc QLDD va da Idi dung chUc vu, quyen han do nham dat dUdc nhiing lai ich khdng chinh dang.

Tai nguyen va Moi Irtftfng <tn

Kyi -Thong 2/2020 ' * '

Chu the cua tham nhung dat dai T r o n g hoat d d n g Q L D D , chi nhUng n g u d i ed chUc v u , q u y e n h a n m d i cd t h e t h u c hien d u o c h a n h vi T N D D . NhOng ngudi ed ehUe v u , q u y e n han theo quy djnh tai D i e u 3, Luat P h d n g , c h o n g t h a m nhung n a m 2018 bao g o m : Mot la, c a n b d , c d n g ehUc, vien chUc; Hai la, nhUng ngUdi lam viec t r o n g luc l u p n g vu trang n h a n d i n ; Ba la. ngudi dai dien p h a n vd'n nha nude tai doanh n g h i e p ; Bon la, ngudi giU chUc d a n h , chUc v u q u i n ly trong d d a n h n g h i e p , to chUc; Nam la, nhOng ngudi khac dUdc giao thuc h i e n n h i e m v y , c d n g vu va cd q u y e n han trong khi thye hien nhiem v u , cdng vy d d .

Bieu hien cua lai dung chUc vu dedat dUdc Idi th khong chinh dang C h u the T N D D Idi d u n g ehUc v u , q u y i n han de dat dupe Idi ich k h d n g ehinh d a n g cd the dUdc bieu hien qua mdt so hoat d d n g c u the s a u ;

Mot la, CO y lam trai phap luat t r o n g viee thu hoi dat, giao dat, cho thue dat vUpt q u a t h a m ' q u y i n , S D D k h d n g d u n g muc dich, lap d u a n k h o n g . , . D a y la m d t trong nhUng h d ? ' 5gng kha d i e n hinh de x a c dinh T N D D . T N D D ed the x u a t hien ngay tU k h a u lap d u a n , d e n tat ca cac khau trong Q L D D

Hai la, lpi d y n g k h o i n g trong c u a phap luat ve Q L D D . He thong phap luat mdi qud'c gia, mdi ITnh v y e ludn ton tai nhUng k h o a n g trong trong qua trinh thye thi n h i i u Luat, quy dinh cho mdt dd'i tUdng quan ly. Do d d , eae chu the Q L D D Idi d y n g n h i i n g khoang trd'ng nay de dat dUdc nhUng lgi ich k h d n g chinh d a n g eho c l n h a n , h o l e to chUc, T u y v a y , k h d n g p h a i bat c u h a n h 'i loi d y n g ehUc vy n a o lien quan den Q L D D c u n g dUdc gpi la T N D D , ( V i d y : C d n g c h i i c dia chfnh nhan

o n T a i n g u y e n v a Moi titfcing

^ " K y i -Thong 2/2020

tien c u a ngudi dan de l i m thCi tyc cap giay chUng nhan q u y e n S D D thee thdi gian yeu d u c u a ngudi d a n thi k h d n g d u p e x l e dinh la T N D D ) . Vi vay, can cd nhUng can cU ey t h e , xac d a n g , thUc hien d u n g theo quy djnh eua phap luat de xac dinh hanh vi T N D D .

S i i can thiet phai thUc hien p h d n g c h o n g t h a m n h u n g d a t dai d Hai Phong hien nay

ThU nhat, phdng, chd'ng tham nhung dat dai la nhiem vu cap bach cua mdi dia phUdng tren ca nude.

V d i ehe dp sd hUu toan dan ve dat dai, T N D D la kieu tham n h u n g phUc tap, cd anh hudng true tiep d i n quyen Idi eua ngudi d a n . Trong q u i trinh Q L D D , dac biet d nhUng khau lap dU I n , c h u y e n doi q u y e n , M D S D D d l lam n i y smh hanh 'i T N D D , T N D D d Viet Nam hien nay khdng chi gay lang phi, anh hudng den phat tnen K T - X H ndi c h u n g m a c d n tac dgng den nang lUc eanh tranh quoc gia. N a m 2 0 1 8 , Chi so c a m nhan tham n h u n g c u a Viet N a m tut hang 10 bae so vdi n i m 2017 khi dat 33/100 diem, xep thU 117/180, T h a m nhung ndi c h u n g va ^ J D D ndi rieng gay lang phi, that Lhoat tai san cdng, la trd ngai c u a phat trien K T - X H , phat trien b i n v u n g , T r o n g boi c a n h hdi nhap kinh te dien ra ngay eang sau rdng trd thanh xu hudng cua phan Idn cac quoc gia tren the g[di, cd hdi don nhan dau t u doi vdi nhUng nUdc dang phat trien n h u Viet N a m phu thuoc nhieu vao cae yeu to minh bach cua nen hanh chinh c d n g va mdi trudng dau tu, Tham nhung cang nghiem trong thi hieu luc cua nen h a n h chinh edng cang thap, moi trudng dau t u eang it m m h b a c h , k e m hap d a n . Do d d , p h o n g , c h d n g T N D D 6 Viet Nam hien nay chinh la y i u to quan trong g d p phan n a n g cao n a n g lue c a n h tranh

quoc gia, tao c d hdi de Viet N a m hdi nhap quoc te sau rdng, cd vi the tren trudng quoc te.

Ben eanh tac ddng ve KT-XH, T N D D d Viet N a m c d n la n g u y e n nhan gay xdi m d n niem tin eCia ngudi d i n vdi D a n g , vdi c d quan Q L N N va ca he thd'ng ehinh trj.

Do e h i dp sd hOu toan dan ve dat dai, ca n h a n , to chUe, mot mat, c a n c h a p h a n h p h a p luat va nhUng n g u y e n tac cua thj trudng trong q u i trinh c h u y e n nhUdng, ehuyen M D S D D dai; mat khac, d n bao d i m viec chap hanh chiJ trUdng, dUdng loi c u a D a n g nham t h u c hien nhUng m u e tieu phat tnen dat nude, Ndi each khac, ca n h i n , to ehUc ed the S D D dai dudi s u quan ly eua Nha nude va cOng cd the bj dai dien chu s d hUu nay thuc hien cac hoat dpng thu hoi, d i n b u , tham chi la cUdng che. C h u the tham nhDng cd the Ipi d u n g k h o i n g trong cua phap luat, hoac co y l i m t r i i p h i p luat trong nhUng hoat d p n g Q L D D tren de n h a m thu nhUng lpi ieh khdng chinh d a n g , lam phat smh m a u thuan giUa ngUdi d i n va ed quan, c l nhan Q L N N v l dat dai.

Trong Bao c a o PAPI 2015 khang djnh " Q u a trinh boi " u d n g , thu hoi dat la moi quan ngai doi vdi nhUng hd gia dinh bi thu hoi dat trong n a m 2 0 1 5 . G a n 2 4 % s i ngudi bi thu hoi dat cho biet hp k h o n g n h a n dUde boi t h u d n g " . Mdt trong nhUng n g u y e n nhan dan d i n tinh trang tren la hanh vi T N D D c u a mdt bd p h a n nhUng ngudi cd quyen han va chUc vy.

N h i i n g h a n h vi t h a m n h u n g n i y anh hudng nghiem trpng d i n uy tin cua D i n g , Nha nUdc, di ngUde lai vdi Idi ich q u o c gia, Vi vay, p h d n g , chong T N D D c u n g chinh la de khdi phuc, xay dUng m e m tin trong nhan dan vdi D i n g , x l y d u n g khoi dai doan k i t dan tdc.

Thu hai, phdng, chd'ng tham nhung dat dai d Hai Phdng mang

tinh cap thiet do dac thO phat triSn KT-XH cua thdnh phd va thuc trang tham nhung di't dai tai dia phUdng

H a i P h d n g la m o t t r o n g nhUng dja phUdng c d toe dp phat t r i e n K T - X H e a o nhat ea nUde.

N a m 2 0 1 9 , t o e d p t a n g trUdng kinh te G R D P t a n g 1 6 , 6 8 % , t a n g g a p 2,45 lan binh q u a n ehung c l n u d e . T d e dp t a n g trUdng c u a n g a n h c d n g n g h i e p (IIP) n a m 2 0 1 9 t a n g 2 4 , 2 % , t a n g g a p 2,55 lan binh q u a n c h u n g c l nUdc.

S i n l u p n g h a n g h d i t h d n g q u a c a n g n a m 2 0 1 9 dat gan 130 trieu t i n , g a p 1,9 lan so vdi n a m 2015.

T h u hut d a u t u true t i l p tU nude n g o a i (FDI) t r o n g n a m 2 0 1 9 dat 1,68 ty U S D . T o n g n g u o n vd'n d a u t u t o a n xa hpi n a m 2 0 1 9 dat 1 5 2 . 9 6 0 , 5 ty d o n g . Gia tri xua't k h a u tren dja ban t h a n h pho t a n g cao, nam 2019 dat 18,992 t^ USD.

T o n g t h u n g i n s a c h n h a nude n a m 2 0 1 9 dat 90 nghin ty d o n g . T h u ndi dja t a n g m a n h q u a cac nam, tang binh quan 20,7%. Ri§ng t r o n g n a m 2 0 1 9 , t h u ndi dja dat 27 n g h i n ty d i n g . Mdt trdng nhUng y i u to g d p p h a n t h u c day s u p h i t trien K T - X H Hai P h d n g n h u t r e n p h i i ke d i n hoat d d n g s i n xuat, kinh d d a n h tai cae khu c d n g n g h i e p , khu kinh t l ( K C N , KKT) tren dia ban t h a n h pho. H l i P h d n g hien c d 18 K C N , K K T vdi hdn 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 nghin lad d d n g . Vdi m u c t i e u s d m dUa t h a n h p h o t r d t h a n h t h a n h pho c d n g nghiep t h e o h u d n g hien d a i , H l i P h d n g , mdt mat, k h u y i n khich, m d cCia, tao m d i trUdng cho s u phat trien c a e K C N , K K T ; mot mat, dau t u e d s d v a t c h l ' t q u a n h i i u dU a n d a u t u t r g n g d i e m nhU x l y d u n g c a u H o a n g V a n T h u , dau tU xay d u n g N h a m a y ehe b i l n rau, cu qua eua Cdng ty T N H H Haphofood;

d i u t u , c l i t a o , x l y d u n g cac c h u n g cU c u . . . D o d d , hoat d p n g c h u y e n doi q u y e n S D D , M D S D D gia t i n g , q u i trinh lap d i i a n , thu

h o i , d i n bu d i ' t phat s m h nhieu m l u t h u I n giUa ca n h a n , to chUe v a chinh q u y i n dja phUdng. V a day c u n g chinh la d i l u kien, m a m md'ng c i j a T N D D bdi T N D D dupe thiie hien ehu y e u khi cd eae boat dgng l i p d u I n , quy hoach, ehuyen doi q u y e n , M D S D D dai.

Vdi xu hudng phat trien t r e n , t h a m n h u n g ndi ehung va T N D D ndi rieng b Hai Phdng trong nhUng n a m q u a ludn la v a n de dUdc thanh pho quan tam va kiem soat, Sau khi Luat Dat dai nam 2013 cd h i e u luc, thu hoi dat dai tren ea nude ed xu h u d n g g i a m , nhung Hai P h d n g lai c d dau hieu g i i m tinh hieu q u i trong kiem s o a t t h a m n h u n g . N a m 2 0 1 6 , eh? so' kiem s o l t t h a m nhQng eija H l i P h d n g dat 4,8 diem ( g i i m so vdi n i m 2 0 1 5 , nam 2015 H l i Phdng dat 5,5 diem), x I p thU 37/62 tinh, t h a n h phd'. C h i so Papi eiJa Hai Phdng nam 2018 la 42,8; trong dd c h i so kiem soat tham nhOng la 4,8 so vdi tinh cd diem cao nhat la 7,37. Mat khac, Hai Phdng cd mdt so vy I n T N D D d i e biet nghiem trdng n h u T N D D 6 Do S d n , Quan N a m , H l i A n . Nguyen nhan ehinh c u a nhUng vu an nay d i u xuat phat tU nhUng can bd, ianh dao cd quyen han, chUe vy trong Q L D D da vi p h a m p h i p luat, thuc hien h a n h vi T N D D , N h i i n g sai pham nay khdng c h i gay thiet hai ve vat c h l ' t , la luc c a n dd'i vdi s u p h i t trien KT-XH thanh pho, ma nghiem t r p n g hon la g l y bUc xuc, mat niem tin trong nhan dan vdi D a n g , vdi he thong ehinh tn thanh pho.

TU nhUng vy an nay ed the t h i y , e l c quy djnh ve Q L D D , p h d n g , Cheng T N D D edn mdt s d diem ehua h d p ly, q u a trinh thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat qua trinh Q L D D tai Hai P h d n g c o n ehua dUdc t i l n h i n h t h u d n g x u y e n , chua phat huy hieu qua eao.

K e t l u a n

N h a m x l y dUng mot t h a n h p h o c d n g n g h i e p hoa, hien dai

hoa theo h u d n g hien d a i , g d p p h a n t h u c day phat trien K T - X H M i l n B i e ndi rieng va ca nude ndi c h u n g , p h d n g , c h I n g T N D D n h i m tao m d i trudng dau tU t i i m n a n g t h u c s i i c d n g khai, minh bach 6 H l i Phdng hien nay ed y nghTa v d c u n g quan t r q n g . Dieu nay, vUa di d u n g v d i nhiem vu p h d n g , c h o n g t h a m n h u n g theo dmh hudng eua D a n g , Nha nude, vUa ngan c h a n , day liii tinh trang T N D D da va dang cd nhUng bieu hien phUc tap d H l i P h d n g . D a y la nhiem vy ehinh trj quan trpng khdng ehi eua rieng e l n h i n , ed quan, to chUe nao, m a c a n cd s u q u y i t t a m , d o a n k i t c u a m d i ngUdi d i n cung toan the he thong ehinh trj t h i n h pho n h a m thuc hien t h i n g Ipi mue tieu m l Nghj quyet Dai hdi D i n g bp T h i n h p h i lan thU XV da dat ra: "Ti'ch cue phdng ngCfa va kien quyet chd'ng tham nhung, lang phi, thUc hanh tid't kierri\

Danh m u c tai lieu t h a m k h I o 1 Bao cao PAPI nam 2015, Chi so hieu qui quan tri va Hanh chinh Cdng cap tinh d Viet Nam, do ludng tu kmh nghiem thUc tiin cua ngudi dan, 2016;

2. Dang bp TP. H l i Phdng (2011), Nghi quyet Dai hoi XV Dang bg TP. Hai Phong nhiem ky 2015- 2020, H l i Phdng;

3. Hgc vidn Chinh tri - Hanh chinh qud'c gia Ho Chi Minh (2011), Co che tham gia cua ngUdi dan trong phong chd'ng tham nhung d nude ta hien nay. De tai khoa hpc cap Bg do Tien sTTrmh Thi Xuyen lam chiJ nhiem;

4. Tien sT N g u y i n Dinh Bong (2012), QLDD 6 Viet Nam (1945- 2010), Nha xuat ban Chinh tri qud'c gia, Ha Ndi;

5. Uy ban nhan dan TP. H l i Phong, Bao cao so 353/BC-UBND ngay 13/11/2019 ve Ket qua thUc hien nhiem vu KT-XH, qudc phong - an ninh nam 2019; Mue tieu, chi tieu, nhiem vu, giai phap nam 2020;

T a i n g u y e n v a M o i titfnfng n<i Ky i - Thang 2/2020