IVAT
XAY D C N G V A H O A N THIEN
PHAP LUAT PHONG, CHONG TOI PHAM THAM NHUNG TRONG HOAT DONG
TlJ PHAP HIEN NAY
DAU QUANG D O N G
TOM TAT:
Phong, chd'ng tham nhung ndi chung va trong boat ddng tff phap ndi rieng la mot nhiem vu quan trpng dd'i vdi mpi qud'c gia, trong do cd Viet Nam. Trong bd'i canh day manh hdi nhap kinh te qud'c te, tao lap mdi trffdng dau tff kinh doanh, nang cao nang life canh tranh qud'c gia, cdng tac phong, chd'ng tdi pham tham nhung trong boat ddng tff phap cang trd nen quan trpng va la mdt trong nhffng nhiem vu trpng tam ve cai each tff phap.
Tff khoa: Tham nhung, tdi pham tham nhung, boat ddng tff phap.
1. Dat va'n de
Van de tham nhiing va tdi pham ve tham nhung da phat sinh, phat trien tff rat lau ddi, d cac hinh thai kinh te xa hdi va cac kieu nha nffdc khac nhau deu ton tai hien tffpng nay. Trong qua trinh phat trien dat nffdc va thffc hien muc tieu xay dffng chu nghia xa hdi hien nay. Dang va Nha nffdc ta ludn coi trpng va dac biet quan tam tien hanh cdng tac phong, chd'ng tham nhung. Dieu dd mot phan xuat phat tff thffc tien dien bien boat dpng cua loai tdi pham nay ngay cang phffc tap, da va dang gay ra nhffng hau qua dac biet nghiem trpng, anh hffdng xau de'n mpi mat ddi sd'ng xa hdi.
2. Quy dinh cua phap luat ve phong, chd'ng toi pham tham nhung trong hoat dong tff phap hien nay
Trong cae tdi pham ve tham nhung, tdi pham tham nhung trong boat ddng tff phap cd nhffng dac
trffng rieng. Hau qua ma tdi pham tham nhung trong boat ddng tff phap gay ra khdng chi d gdc dp kinh te' ma cdn tac ddng tieu cffc de'n sff nghiem minh cua phap luat, sff vd tff, cdng bang, khach quan cua qua trinh giai quye't cac vu an hinh sff, dan sff, hanh chinh, kinh te, lao dpng; anh hffdng rat Idn de'n niem tin cua quan chung nhan dan dd'i vdi cac cd quan bao ve phap luat, ngffdi thffc thi phap luat, nhat la nhffng ngffdi cd chffc vu, quyen ban trong giai quyet cac vu viec tren. Neu de hoat dpng tdi pham tham nhung trong boat dpng tff phap dien bie'n phffc tap va trong thdi gian dai se trffc tiep ciing nhff gian tie'p anh hffdng de'n niem tin eua quan chung nhan dan vdi Dang, Nha nffdc va cac cd quan bao ve phap luat. Day se trd thanh ed hdi de cac the Iffc thu dich, phan dpng ldi dung chd'ng pha dat nffdc, kich ddng gay chia re khd'i dai doan ke't toan dan tdc.
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Theo thd'ng ke cua Cue Dieu tra Vien Kiem sat nhan dan td'i cao, tff nam 2008 de'n bet nam 2017, cac cd quan tien hanh to' tung da phat hien, khdi td, dieu tra tdng cdng 168 vu, 179 bi can pham tdi tham nhung trong boat dpng tff phap. Thffc te cho thay, boat dpng cua tdi pham tham nhung trong boat dpng tff phap d Viet Nam nhffng nam qua dien bie'n he't sffc phffc tap, cd xu hffdng gia tang ca ve tinh chat, mffc dp. Qua cac so' lieu thd'ng ke cho thay, mdt so' loai tdi pham cu the cua tdi pham tham nhung trong boat dpng tff phap ndi len thdi gian qua nhff: Tdi nhan bd'i Id, khdi to' 52 vu, 67 bi can, chiem 30,9%; tdi lam dung chffc vu, quyen ban chiem doat tai san, khdi to' 53 vu, 46 bi can, chiem 31,5%; tdi Ipi dung chffc vu, quyen ban trong khi thi hanh cdng vu, khdi td' 27 vu, 27 bi can, chiem 16,1%...
Trong sudt nhffng nam qua. Dang va Nha nffdc ta da nhan thffc sau sac hdn ve y nghia, tam quan trpng eua cdng tac phong, chd'ng tham nhiing ndi chung; xac dinh rd rang day la mdt trong nhffng nguy cd din de'n sff tdn vong cua che dp. Vi vay.
Dang va Nha nffdc da ban hanh nhieu van ban, trong dd the hien quan diem, muc tieu va dinh hffdng cac ndi dung cd ban trong lanh dao, chi dao cdng tac phong, chd'ng tham nhiing ndi chung va phong, chd'ng tham nhung trong cac ITnh vffc cu the ndi rieng, trong dd bao gdm boat dpng phong ngffa tdi pham tham nhung trong boat ddng tff phap.
Quan diem ve phong, chd'ng tham nhiing da dffdc Dang Cdng san Viet Nam cu the hda trong cac ky Dai hoi, dien hinh nhff: Tai Hdi nghi dai bieu toan qud'c giffa nhiem ky khda VII, thang 01/1994, Dang ta da chi rd tham nhiing la mot trong 4 nguy cd Idn dd'i vdi dat nffdc. Tie'p dd, Nghi quye't so'
14/BCT, ngay 15/5/1996 cua Bd Chinh tri da gan dau tranh chd'ng tham nhung vdi chd'ng buon lau, lang phi, xac dinh trpng tam cua cuoc dau tranh chd'ng tham nhiing tap trung vao 2 loai hanh vi chu ye'u gdm tham d, chiem doat, lam that thoat tai san cua nha nffdc; nhan hd'i Id va ddi bd'i Id. Sau do, cac Nghi quye't cua Dai hdi VIII, Dai hdi IX, Dai hoi X, Dai hdi XI va Dai hdi XII cung da cd nhffng quan diem dinh hffdng chung dd'i vdi cuoc dau tranh phong, chd'ng tham nhung ndi chung. Nham gdp phan ddi mdi, kien toan, nang cao chat Iffdng
boat ddng tff phap va boat ddng cua cac cd quan tir phap. Dang ta da cd nhffng nghi quye't chuyen de ve ndi dung nay, dien hinh nhff: Nghi quye't sd04- NQ/TW, ngay 21/8/2006 cua Ban Chap hanh Trung ffdng ve tang cffdng sff lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi cdng tac phong, chd'ng tham nhung, lang phi; Nghi quye't so'49-NQ/TW, ngay 02/6/2005 cua Bd Chinh tri ve chien Iffde cai each tff phap den nam 2020...
Tren cd sd dffdng ldi, ehu trffdng eua Dang ve lanh dao, chi dao cdng tac phong, chd'ng tham nhung, Nha nffdc ta da cu the hda bang he thdng cac van ban phap luat cung nhff cac chffdng trinh, ke hoach phong, chd'ng tham nhung ndi chung va phong ngffa tdi pham tham nhung trong boat dong tff phap ndi rieng. Cu the: Ngay 29/11/2005, tai Ky hpp thff 8, IGida XI, Qud'c hdi nffdc ta da thdng qua Luat Phong, chd'ng tham nhung, cd hieu life tijf ngay 01/6/2006 va tie'p tuc dffdc sffa ddi, bd sung nam 2007 va 2012. Day la van ban phap ly rat quan trpng, dieu chinh cac van de cd lien quan va la cd sd cho viec td chffc trien khai cdng tac phong, chd'ng tham nhung d nffdc ta. Ngay 12/5/2009, Chinh phu da ban hanh Nghi dinh so' 21/NQ-CP kem theo Chien Iffdc qud'c gia phong, chdng tham nhung de'n nam 2020. De'n ngay 08/8/2011, Chinh phu ban hanh Nghi dinh so' 68/2011/ND-CP su:a ddi, bd sung mot so' dieu ciia Nghi dinh so 37/2007/ND-CP, ngay 09/3/2007 ve minh bach tai san, thu nhap. Ben canh do, nham nang cao hieu qua hdp tac qud'c te, cung nhff the hien vdi cong ddng qud'c te ve quye't tam chd'ng tham nhung cua nffdc ta, Viet Nam da phe chuan Cdng ffdc Lien Hdp qud'c ve phong, chd'ng tham nhung (UNCAC) nam 2009...
Ngoai viec ban hanh cac ehu trffdng, dffdng ldi, chinh sach, phap luat tao cd sd chinh tri, phap ly vffng chac cho cong tac phong, chd'ng tham nhiing ndi chung va phong ngffa tdi pham tham nhung trong boat ddng tff phap ndi rieng. Dang va Nha nffdc ta eon dac biet quan tam de'n viec xay dffng va kien toan cac cd quan phong, chd'ng tham nhung tff Trung ffdng den eac dia phffdng. Dien hinh:
Ngay 28/8/2006, Uy ban thffdng vu Qud'c hdi da ban hanh Nghi quyet so' 1039/2006/NQ-
LUAT
UBTVQHl 1 quy dinh ve td chffc, nhiem vu, quyen ban va quy che boat dpng cua Ban Chi dao Trung ffdng ve phong, chd'ng tham nhung. Ban Chi dao phong, chd'ng tham nhung Trung ffdng do Thu tffdng Chinh phu dffng dau, cd trach nhiem chi dao, phdi hdp, kiem tra, ddn dd'c boat ddng phong, chdng tham nhung d nffdc ta. Ban Chi dao phong, chd'ng tham nhung boat dpng tff dau nam 2007 va den ngay 01/02/2013, Bd Chinh tri thanh lap Ban Chi dao Trung ffdng ve phong, chdng tham nhung theo Quye't dinh so' 162-QD/TW va theo dd Ban Chi dao Trung ffdng ve phong, chd'ng tham nhung hien nay trffc thuoc Bd Chinh tri va do ddng chi Tdng Bi thff lam Trffdng ban, qua dd bao dam tinh ddc lap, khach quan dd'i vdi bd may chinh quyen nha nffdc. Ngoai ra, Chinh phu va cac Bd, nganh, dia phffdng cung da thanh lap cac ed quan, bd phan thffc bien chffc nang thanh tra, kiem tra, dau tranh phdng, chd'ng tham nhung nham trien khai cac chffdng trinh, ke hoach, bien phap de kip thdi phat hien, ngan chan va xff ly cac vu viec cung nhff nhffng ngffdi cd hanh vi pham tdi tham nhiing.
De gdp phan nang cao vai trd, trach nhiem va sff phdi hdp hiep ddng giffa cac cd quan, td chffc trong phdng, chd'ng tham nhiing, cac ban chi dao, cd quan chuyen trach phdng, chd'ng tham nhung da td chffc ky ke't cac Quy che' pho'i hdp phdng, chd'ng tham nhung, cu the: Quy che'pho'i hdp giffa Ban Chi dao Trung ffdng va Uy Ban kiem tra Trung ffdng; Quy che pho'i hdp giffa Thanh tra Chinh phu vdi Bd Qud'c phdng, Bd Cdng an, Vien Kiem sat nhan dan td'i cao, Tda an nhan dan td'i cao, Kiem toan Nha nffdc trong viec trao ddi, cung cap thdng tin ve phdng, chd'ng tham nhung; Quy che pho'i hdp giffa Van phdng Ban Chi dao Trung ffdng ve phdng, chd'ng tham nhiing, Bd Cdng an, Bd Qud'c phdng, Vien Kiem sat nhan dan td'i cao, Tda an nhan dan td'i cao trong viec xff ly cac vu an ve tham nhung. Hang nam, Qud'c hdi nffdc ta da quan tam xay dffng va ban hanh nghi quye't chuyen de ve cdng tac phdng, chd'ng vi pham phap luat va tdi pham cung nhff cdng tac cua mdt so' cd quan quan trpng tham gia vao cac qua trinh tff phap nhff:
Vien Kiem sat nhan dan, Tda an nhan dan va cdng tac thi hanh an. Dien hinh nhff: Nghi quye't so' 111/2015/QH13, ngay 27/11/2015 eua Quoc hdi ve
cdng tac phdng, chd'ng vi pham phap luat va tdi pham, cdng tac cua tda an nhan dan va cdng tac thi hanh an nam 2016 va cac nam tie'p theo.
Cd the thay, trong sud't nhffng nam qua, cac cd quan ed tham quyen da xay dffng va ban hanh nhieu quy dinh phap luat lam cd sd va tao dieu kien thuan ldi ebo viec trien khai cdng tac phdng, chd'ng tham nhiing ndi chung va phdng ngffa tdi pham tham nhiing trong boat dpng tff phap ndi rieng. Tuy nhien, qua trinh trien khai trong thffc tiSn cho thay nhieu quy dinh cdn chffa toan dien va bat cap, khdng phat huy hieu qua, dien hinh nhff: Viec quy dinh ve ke khai tai san, thu nhap hien nay cdn mang tinh hinh thffc, chi dffng lai d viec Iffu trff trong hd sd can bd, bdi vi bien nay chffa cdng khai cac thdng tin lien quan; che' tai ap dung ddi vdi tai san khdng chffng minh dffdc ngudn gdc cdn chffa dffdc quy dinh rd rang, cu the; cac quy dinh phap luat ve phdng, chd'ng tham nhung trong boat dpng tff phap vIn cdn rat tan man, chffa cd cac quy dinh rieng va chuyen sau nham tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho qua trinh ap dung va thffc thi phap luat...
3. Cac giai phap xay dffng va hoan thien phap luat phong, chd'ng toi pham tham nhung trong boat dong tff phap
Thdi gian tdi, nham tao cd sd va dieu kien thuan ldi cho viec trien khai boat dpng phdng ngffa tdi pham tham nhung trong boat ddng tff phap thi cdng tac xay dffng va hoan thien cd che, chinh sach phap luat la yeu cau mang tinh chat bat buoc, vd ciing quan trpng va can dffdc tien hanh thffdng xuyen, lien tuc. Mot mat phai dam bao yeu cau can cd du cd sd phap ly de dieu chinh cac van de cd hen quan; mat khac phai kip thdi phat hien bd sung, ehinh ly, bai bd cac quy dinh phap luat khdng cdn phu hdp, chffa phii hdp, chdng cheo. Theo do, de gdp phan xay dffng va hoan thien cd sd phap ly ve linh vffc nay can tap trung lam td't mot sd ndi dung quan trpng sau:
Mdt la: Xay dffng va ban hanh Thdng tff hffdng din thffc hien cac quy dinh ve cac che dinh miln trach nhiem hinh sff, miin hinh phat; miin, giam trong thi hanh an phat do Tda tuyen an;
quye't dinh ve hinh phat nhe hdn quy dinh cua luat;
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giam nhe, tang nang trach nhiem hinh sff trong Bd luat Hinh sff hien hanh (Bd luat Hinh sif nam 2015 dffdc sffa ddi, bd sung mot so dieu nam 2017 va chinh thffc cd hieu Iffc tff ngay 01/01/2018). Cac quy dinh trong hffdng din phai he't sffc cu the, de hieu, di thffc hien thdng nha't trong thffc tiin giai quye't cac vu an hinh sff, vu viec cd tinh hinh sff.
Van de nay dffdc thffc hien td't trong thffc tien se gdp phan ngan chan cac hanh vi nhung nhieu, gay phien ha cua can bd cd quan thffc thi phap luat hoac ldi dung cac each hieu khdng thd'ng nha't dd'i vdi cac quy dinh cua phap luat de thffc hien hanh vi tham nhiing trong qua trinh giai quye't cac vu an hinh sff.
- Hai la: Cac cd quan chffc nang cd tham quyen can sdm xay dffng hffdng din xff ly cac loai tdi pham cu the quy dinh trong Bd luat Hinh sff nam 2015 dffdc sffa ddi, bd sung mot so dieu nam 2017 va chinh thffc cd hieu Iffc tff ngay 01/01/2018 de ap dung thd'ng nhat trong ca nffdc. Theo dd, cac quy dinh hffdng dan xff ly nay dffdc xay dffng cang cu the bao nhieu; khung binh phat ap dung vdi cac hanh vi pham tdi vdi cac tinh tiet khac nhau cang chi tiet bao nhieu thi cac cd quan va can bd thffc thi phap luat cang d i thffc hien bay nhieu, qua dd se ban che cac hanh vi tham nhung, tieu cffc xay ra trong qua trinh giai quye't cac vu viec pham tdi.
- Ba Id: Trong Id trinh xay dffng phap luat ve td tung hinh sff, nham tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho qua trinh tien hanh cac bien phap theo quy dinh cua phap luat de giai quye't cac vu an hinh sff phai quy dinh rd tham quyen, trach nhiem cua cac cd quan tien hanh to' tung, ngffdi tien hanh to' tung, phai lam sao de vffa dam bao tinh ddc lap, khach quan nhffng cung phai thffc hien td't cd che kiem soat quyen Iffc. Theo do, Vien Kiem sat nhan dan phai thffc hien td't quyen thffc hanh cdng td, kiem sat boat dpng cua Cd quan dieu tra, Tda an nhan dan, Cd quan thi hanh an va nhffng ca nhan cd tham quyen lien quan. Mat khac, Cd quan dieu tra, Tda an nhan dan cung phai chu dpng nam tinh hinh de phdng ngffa, phat hien, ngan chan va dau tranh vdi hanh vi pham tdi tham nhung cua cac can bd thoai hda bien chat thuoc Vien Kiem sat nhan dan. Giai doan phat hien, dieu tra, xff ly vu viec tdi pham
bat dau tff giai doan tiep nhan xff ly tin bao, to giac ve tdi pham cho nen giai doan nay cung can phai cd sff tham gia cua Vien kiem sat nhan dan. Qua tnnh xay dffng va hoan thien cac van ban phap luat to' tung hinh sff can quy dinh thdi gian rpng hdn de Vien Kiem sat nhan dan nghien effu cac Lenh, Quye't dinh cua Cd quan dieu tra nham xem xet, nghien cffu ky Iffdng hdn. Dong thdi, phai xem xet quy dinh mpi quye't dinh, van ban to tung ban hanh trong giai doan khdi to', dieu tra, truy to', xet xff, thi hanh an phai dffdc gffi cho Vien Kiem sat nhan dan trong thdi gian nha't dinh de phe chuan hoac theo ddi theo quy dinh.
Bdn la: Tien hanh ra soat va de xuat xay dffng, bd sung, sffa ddi nham hoan thien mot so quy dinh phap luat ve thi hanh an hinh sff, thi hanh an dan stf nhff: Can quy dinh rd vai trd cua Vien Kiem sat nhan dan trong qua trinh kiem sat viec dinh gia tai san ke bien tai san; quy dinh cu the eac van de c6 lien quan de'n viec ap dung cac trffdng hdp mien, giam hinh phat, hoac thi hanh an hinh sff, dac xa...
Ndm la: Xay dffng va ban hanh cac quy dinh, quy trinh cdng tac cua can bd, cdng chffc ndi chung va cac can bp, cdng chffc thuoc cd quan tff phap ndi rieng. Bd sung ban hanh cac quy dinh nham cu the, minh bach va'n de quyen, nghia vu cua can bo, cdng chffc; xay dffng va ban hanh quy dinh cac hanh vi chuan mffc ve trach nhiem va nghia vu cua can bd, cdng chffc, nhat la nhffng ca nhan cd tham quyen dffdc giao nhiem vu giai quyet cac vu an binh sff, dan sff, hanh ehinh, kinh te, lao dpng. Ben canh dd, can nghien cffu, xay dffng va ban hanh he thd'ng cac chuan mffc dao dffe cdng vu, trong qua trinh giai quye't cac vu an hinh sff, dan sff, kinh te, hanh chinh, lao dpng.
Sdu Id: Nhanh chdng hoan thien va de xuat Qudc hoi nffdc ta sdm ban hanh Luat Phdng, chdng tham nhung sffa ddi, trong dd phai bd sung va quy dinh rd mot sd ndi dung cd lien quan nhff: Quy dinh trach nhiem, quy tnnh cua nhffng ngffdi ed chffc vu, quyen ban ndi chung trong thifc thi nhiem vu cong vu; quy dinh ve giai trinh ngudn gd'c cac tai san tang them; quy dinh ve viec cdng khai ban ke khai, xac minh tai san; bd sung quy dinh ve trach nhiem ngffdi dffng dau cd quan, td chffc, ddn vi •
LUAT
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Nghi quyi't sd 14/BCT, ngdy 15/5/1996 cua Bd Chinh tri dd gan dau tranh chdng tham nhung.
2. Nghi quyi't sd04-NQ/TW, ngdy 21/8/2006 cUa Ban Chap hdnh Trung uang vi tdng cudng sU lanh dao cua Ddng ddi vdi cdng tdc phdng, chdng tham nhung, Idng phi.
3. Nghi quyi't sd 49-NQ/TW, ngdy 02/6/2005 cda Bd Chinh tri vi Chii'n luac cdi cdch tuphdp den ndm 2020...
4. Nghi quyet sd 111/2015/QH 13 vi cdng tdc phdng, chd'ng vi pham phdp luat vd tdi pham, cdng tdc cua Vien kiem sdt nhdn ddn, Tda dn nhdn ddn vd cdng tdc thi hdnh dn ndm 2016 vd cdc ndm tii'p theo.
5. Nghi quyi't sd 1039/2006/NQ-UBTVQHl 1 quy dinh vi td chdc, nhiem vu, quyin han vd quy chi'hoat ddng cda Ban Chi dao Trung uang vi phdng, chdng tham nhung.
6. Quyi't dinh sd 04/2006/QD-BTP vi viec ban hdnh chuang trinh hdnh ddng phdng, chdng tham nhUng cda ngdnh Tuphdp vd ki'hoach thUc hien chuang trinh hdnh ddng phdng, chdng tham nhung cda nganh Tuphdp trong ndm 2006.
Ngay nhan bai: 22/9/2018
Ngay phan bien danh gia va sffa chffa: 2/10/2018 Ngay chafp nhSn dang bai: 12/10/2018
Thdng tin tdc gid:
ThS. DAU QUANG DUNG Vien Kiem sat nhan dan td'i cao
DEVELOPING AND ENHANCING THE LAW
ON PREVENTING AND FIGHTING AGAINST CORRUPTION IN THE CURRENT JUDICIAL ACTIVITIES
• Master. DAU QUANG DUNG The People's Procuracy of Vietnam
ABSTRACT:
Preventing and fighting against corruption in general and in judicial activities in particular are an important task for all countries, including Vietnam. In the context of accelerated international economic integration, creating a business investment environment, improving the national competitiveness, the corruption prevention in judicial activities becomes more and more important and is one of the key tasks of Vietnam's judicial reform.
Keywrods: Corruption, criminal involved in corruption, judicial activities.
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