TAP CHl CONG THIfHNG
MOT SO Y KIEN VE CHE DINH
HOI DONG THAM DINH BAO CAO DANH GIA TAC DONG MOI TRl/OfNG DOI VCll CAC Dl/ AN TRONG PHAP LUAT MOI TRlJOiNG
d VIET NAM HIEN NAY
• VU QUANG
TOM TAT:
Cdng tac th^m dinh Bao cdo danh gid tac ddng mdi tnfdng dd'i vdi cdc dff an thdng qua cd che Hdi ddng dffdc quy dinh trdng phap luat mdi tru'dng nffdc ta xud't phdt tff nhu cau thffc tien phat trie'n kinh te - xa hdi, cd cd sd khoa hpc va cd tham khdo kinh nghiem tff cac qud'c gia phat tri^n. Tuy nhien vdn xud't hidn nhieu bd't cap, vffdng mac trong qua trinh dp dung vd cac quy dinh ve Hdi ddng tham dinh bdo cao danh gia tac ddng mdi trffdng cdn phdi dffdc nghien cffu sdu sac vd todn didn. Bai viet nay phan tich vd ddnh gid ihffc trang cac quy dinh phap luat ve Hdi ddng tham djnh bdo cao danh gia tac ddng mdi trffdng hien hanh nham nhan dien nhi?ng ndi dung chifa phii hdp kbi ap dung trong thffc te' cdng tdc bdo ve mdi trffdng, tren cd sd dd de xud't mdt so y kien mang tinh chd't khuye'n nghi cho viee hoan thien ITnh vffc phdp ludt nay .
TiJf khoa: Danh gia tdc ddng mdi trffdng, bdo cdo ddnh gid tdc dpng mdi trffdng, hdi ddng th^m dinh.
I. Dat vd'n de
Giff vi tri quan trong trong cdc quy dinh cua phdp luat mdi tru'dng ve thffc hien ddnh gia tdc dpng mdi trffdng dd'i vdi cdc dff an (DTM), cac quy djnh ve Hdi ddng thd'm dinh bdo cdo DTM can phdi dap ffng dffdc chd't lu'dng cao nhd't cd ve ndi dung, hinh thffc va hieu qua dieu chinh, Yeu cau ndy nhdm hifdng cae quy dinh ve Hdi ddng thd'm djnh bao cdo DTM de'n muc tieu cd bdn la giup kiem tra, xac dinh va cd ke't ludn chinh xdc, khoa hpc, khdch quan, trung thffc dd'i vdi ndi dung
bao cdo ddnh gia tac ddng mdi trffdng cua mot dff an ma chu dau tff da lap ra.
Tren quan die'm phdt trie'n ben vffng, trong nhffng nam dau qud tnnh ddi mdi da't nffdc, d Viet Nam dd ban hanh he thd'ng cac quy dinh phap ludt ve bao ve mdi trffdng, trong do cd cac quy dinh ve tha'm dinh bao cao DTM dd'i vdi cac dff an va ve Hdi ddng thd'm dinh bao cao DTM ddi vdi cac dff an.'
Thffc thi cac quy dinh phdp ludl ve tha'm dinh bdo cdo DTM dd'i vdi cac dif dn va ve Hdi ddng
84 So 8 - T h a n g 5/2019
LUAT
tham dinh bao cdo DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff dn, ta't ca cac dff an deu dffpc thffc hien DTM va hau bet trong sd' dd deu difdc phe duyet bao cao DTM tren cd sd thd'm dinh bdi Hdi ddng ibd'm dinh.^
Gan ddy nha't, Ludt Bdo v6 mdi trffdng 2014 va cac van ban hffdng ddn thi hanh vdi cac quy djnh ve Hdi dong thd'm dmh bao cao DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff dn dffdc xay difng, ban hdnh vd di vdo cudc sdng, khdng chi dap ffng dffdc yeu cau ve so Iffdng ma cdn ddp ffng dffdc yeu cau ve cha't Iffdng cdc quy dinh phap luat dffdc xac dinh thdng qua ke't qua thffc hien.^
Tuy nhien, khi nen kinh Id' cang ngdy cdng phdt trie'n, ca vd chieu rdng Idn chi^u sau, cdc dff an dau tff ngdy cdng nhieu, sff dnh hffdng de'n mdi trffdng rat Idn vdi quy md va tinh chd't phffc tap, khd dff doan, khd danh gid.'' Dieu nay ddi hdi mffc dp hoan thien cua cac quy dinh ve bao ve mdi trffdng ndi chung, ve DTM va ve Hdi ddng thd'm dinh bdo cdo DTM ndi rieng, phai cao bdn, khdng chi Id sff dieu chinh kip thdi cdc quan hd xa hdi hen quan ma cdn mang tinh dff bdo va dinh hffdng cho chung phat trien. Bdi vay, nghien cffu phuc vu cho viec hoan thien cdc quy dinh phap ludt dd ludn ludn du'dc dat ra.
II. Ve Hdi d6ng tham dinh Bao cao DTM do'i vdi cac di/an
Cac quy dinh ve danh gid tdc ddng mdi trffdng ndi chung vd ve Hdi ddng tham dinh bao cdo DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff an ndi rieng dffdc ban hanh va dp dung gan 30 nam qua d nifdc ta.^ Ddng gdp to Idn vao viec xdy dffng vd ban hanh nhffng quy dinh nay Id GS Le Thac Cdn va cac cdng sff tai Dai hpc Qud'c gia Ha Ndi tff nhffng nghien cffu ve mdi trffdng hpc vd ehinh sach bdo ve mdi trffdng.''
7. Ve CO bdn. Hoi dong tham djnh bdo cdo DTM ddi vdi cdc du dn la mot thiet che do ca quan, td chdc cd tham quyen lap ra nhdm xem xet, ddnh gid, (tham tra vd xdc dinh), cho y kien bdng vdn bdn de tu vdn vi chuyen mdn ddi vdi bdo cdo DTM cua cdc du dn trudc khi cdc du dn duac chinh thdc phe duyet chu truang ddu tU.
Hdi ddng tha'm dmh bao cdo DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff dn la phu'dng thffc chu ye'u giup cho vide phe duyet bdo cdo DTM cua cdc dff an.
Ngoai ra, de thffc hien vide tham dinh bao cao DTM dd'i vdi mdt sd' dff an phuc vu kip thdi ffng phd vdi thien tai, dich benh cd the dp dung phffdng thffc Id'y y kie'n cua cdc cd quan, td' chffc ed lien quan '' Cd the hie'u phffdng thffc Id'y y kie'n ciia cac cd quan td chffc cd lien quan de tham dinh bdo cao DTM dd'i vdi mdt sd'dff dn nhif tren Id nhffng trffdng hdp ngoai le, cd tinh cha't dac biet ma ldi ich cua chung mang lai trdde he't la bdo ve mdi tru'dng.
2. Trong tuang quan vdi mot sd loai Hoi dong tham dinh chuyen mdn d mot sd linh vUc khac. Hoi dong tham dinh bdo cdo DTM mang mdt sd net khde biet nhUsau:
Thti nhdt, du'dc dat ra de tham dinh chuyen mdn trong linh vffc mdi trffdng vd bao ve mdi trffdng. Hdi ddng thd'm dinh bao cao DTM cd tinh chuyen biet ra't cao;
Thd hai, do cd quan vd ngffdi ed tha'm quyen trong ITnh vu'e bdo ve mdi trffdng quye't dinh thanh lap. Trffdc day, edng tac tha'm dinh bdo cao DTM cdn dffdc thffc hien bdi ede td chffc dich vu tham dinh.** Luat Bao ve mdi trffdng 2014 khdng quy dinh ndi dung nay.
Thd ba, pham vi va dd'i tffdng tham dinh gidi han trong cdc va'n de bao ve mdi trffdng cua mdt dff an dau tff, dffpc tnnh bdy trong Bdo cdo DTM do chu dau tff dff an de trinh;
Thd tu, tinh ngan han, chi dd'i vdi tffng dff an ma Hdi ddng thd'm dinh bdo cdo DTM dffdc lap ra, hoat ddng va gidi the;
Thd ndm, cdc ke't luan cua Hdi ddng thd'm dinh bdo cdo DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff an chi mang tinh tff van, gia tri phap ly khdng cao;
Vd thd.mu, quyen vd nghTa vu dffdc dff lieu cu the trong cac van ban phap ludt rat chi tie't va cu the;'"
Nhffng khac biet nay cung anh hffdng rd't Idn de'n cdng tdc thffc hien DTM ndi chung vd viec phe duyet bdo cdo DTM ndi rieng. Va'n de nay can dddc tinh de'n khi nghien cffu hodn thien cac quy dinh ve Hdi ddng thd'm dmh bdo cdo DTM.
3. Hoi dong tham dinh bdo cdo DTM ddi vdi (dc du dn Id thie't che' cdn thiet khong the thie'u trong boat dong bdo ve moi trudng ma cu the td trong qud trinh thuc hien, tham dinh vd phe duyet Bdo cdo DTM ddi vdi cdc du dn ddu tu.
So 8-Thong 5/2019 85
TAP CHi CONG THirONG
Ke't qud hoat ddng cua Hdi ddng tham dinh bdo cdo DTM dd'i vdi cac dff an Id can cff khoa hpc khdch quan, lam cd sd de' cd quan va ngffdi cd thd'm quyen ra quye't dinh phe duyet chu tnfdng dau tff cho ede dff dn.
Ke't qua boat ddng cua Hdi ddng thd'm dinh bao cao DTM dd'i vdi cac dff an la ed sd dinh Iifdng ddm bdo cho cdc dff an trien khai theo muc deu phdt trie'n ben vffng.
4. Hoi dong tham dinh bdo cdo DTM ddi vdi cdc du dn duac thdnh Igp vdi chdc ndng tU van cho Thu trudng hogc ngUdi ddng ddu ca quan tham dinh, cu the Id Bo trudng cdc Bo: TNMT, Qudc phdng, Cong an, cdc Bo lien quan vd Chu tich UBND cd'p tinh." Hoi dong tham dinh bdo cdo DTM doi vdi cdc du dn thuc hien cdc nhiem vu dugc quy dinh tai diem 7 khodn 5 Dieu 1 Nghi dinh sd 40/2019/ND-CP Sda ddi. bd sung mot sd dieu cua cdc Nghi dinh quy dinh chi tie't, hUdng ddn thi hdnh Ludt Bdo ve moi trUdng 2014, cd hieu luc thi hdnh td ngdy 01/7/2019. Theo do. Hoi dong CO trdch nhiem xem xet:
Mot Id: Sif phu hdp cua dff an dd'i vdi chie'n lifdc, quy hoach, quy dinh phdp luat ve bao ve mdi trifdng, bdo tdn thien nhien va da dang sinh hpc;
Hai td: Sff phu hdp cua cdc phffdng phdp danh gia tac ddng mdi tru'dng dffdc sff dung;
Ba Id: Sff phii hdp cua cdc ddnh gid ve viec Iffa chon cdng nghe sdn xud't, hang muc cdng trinh vd cdc boat ddng cua dff dn cd nguy cd tac ddng xa'u de'n mdi tru'dng,
Bdn td: Ke't qua phdn tich, tdng hpp sd'heu ve hien trang mdi tru'dng, kinh te' - xa hdi ndi thifc hien dff dn vd sff phu hdp cua dia diem Iffa chpn thifc hien dff dn;
Ndm Id: Viec danh gid, dff bao ve ngudn thai, sff phat sinh, quy md, tinh chat nguy hai cua nffdc thai, khi thai, cha't thai ran edng nghiep thdng thifdng, chd't thai nguy hai va cac loai cha't thai dac thu khac; cdc tdc ddng ciia chd't thdi vd cdc tac dpng khde cua dff an dd'n mdi trffdng va sffc khde cdng ddng; ddnh gid, dff bao cac rui ro su' cd mdi trffdng do chd't thai gdy ra;
Sdu la: Cdc yeu cau, quy dinh, quy chud'n ky thuat, tieu chuan ve mdi trffdng dp dung dd'i vdi du' an;
Bdy la: Sff phu hdp cua cac giai phdp bao ve mdi trffdng, bao gdm: phffdng an thu gom, qudn ly cha't thdi, bien phap, cdng nghd xff ly nffdc thai;
giam thieu, xff ly bui, khi thai; phifdng an Iffu giff, quan ly, xff ly chd't thai nguy hai; cha't thai ran cdng nghiep thdng thffdng; xff !y chd't thai khac;
phffdng an cai tao, phuc hdi mdi trffdng; cac bien phap gidm thieu tac ddng tieu cffc khac cua dif dn de'n mdi trffdng; cdc phffdng an phdng ngffa va ffng phd sff ed' mdi tru'dng do cha't thai cua dff dn gdy ra;
Tdm Id: Sff phu hdp cua chifdng trinh quan Iy va giam sdt mdi trffdng;
Chin Id: Cac cam ke't bdo ve mdi trffdng cua chu dff an.
Theo ndi dung quy dinh ndy cho tha'y, day la nhffng cdng viec ra't khd khan, phffc tap, ddi hoi trinh dp chuyen mdn, kinh nghiem lam vide cua cdc thanh vien tham gia Hdi ddng thd'm dinh bao cao DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff an. Va'n de ndy ne'u khdng dffdc xem xet thd'u ddo se ddn tdi viec quy dinh khdng/it kha thi ve td chffc va hoat ddng cua Hdi ddng
J. Tham quyen thdnh tap Hoi dong thdm dinh bdo cdo DTM doi vdi cdc du dn thuoc vi Thu trudng hodc ngudi ddng ddu ca quan thdm dinh bdo cdo DTM nhU tren dd neu.'- Ddy Id mdt thu tuc hdnh chinh thuan tuy vd do ngUdi cd trdch nhiem cua caquan hdnh chinh cung co chdc nang Id chu^dau tu cdc du dn nen cd thi co khd nang cao ddn de'n tinh trgng vda dd bong vda thdi coi trong cong tdc thdm dinh bdo cdo DTM.'-^ TrUdng hap ndy dd xdy ra trong thuc tenhung chUa dUOc chii y khac phuc.
Trinh tff va thu tuc thanh lap Hdi ddng tham dinh bao cao DTM dd'i vdi cac dff an Id he't sffc ddn gian do tinh cha't, chffc nang, nhiem vu cua nd. Dae biet la chffc nang tff vd'n cho thu trffdng hoac ngffdi dffng dau cd quan tha'm dinh bdo cdo DTM dd'i vdi cae du' dn dan de'n viec thanh lap va gidi th^ chi la mdt hdnh vi hdnh chinh ddn thudn.
Ngu'di cd tham quyen cua cd quan tham dinh bao cdo DTM can cff vao cac quy dinh hffdng din'*
ra quye't dmh thanh Idp.
6. Thdnh phdn Hoi dong tham dinh bdo cdo DTM dot vdi cdc du dn bao gom it nhdt 07 thank vien, khdng quy djnh sdlugng tdi da.'^ Cacd'u hdi
?6 So 8 - T h d n g 5/2019
lUAT
dong thdm dinh gom Chu tich hdi dong, 01 Pho Chu tich hoi dong, 01 Uy vien thuky, 02 Uy vien phdn bien vd mot sd Uy vien, trong do phdi cd it nhdl 30% so' thdnh vien hoi dong cd td 07 ndm kinh nghiem trong linh vUc DTM.
La Hpi ddng tham dinh chuyen biet ve ITnh vffc mdi tnfdng nen edc thanh vien phai dap ffng nhffng dieu kien tffdng dd'i cao, khdt khe va cu the theo tffng chffc danh nam giff trong Hdi ddng.
Cu the la:'*
Thdnhd't: Chu tich hoac Phd Chu tich hdi ddng phai la chuyen gia mdi trffdng hoac chuyen gia thuoc ITnh vffc chuyen mdn cua dif dn vdi it nhd't 07 nam kinh nghiem ne'u ed bang dai hoc, it nhd't 05 nam kinh nghiem ne'u cd bang thac sy, it nhd't 03 nam kinh nghiem neu ed bdng tie'n sy, hoac phdi Id lanh dao cua cd quan tham dinh hoac thffdng tnfc thd'm dinh.
Thd hai: Uy vien phan bien phai la chuyen gia mdi trifdng hoac chuyen gia thudc ITnh vifc chuyen mdn cua dff an vdi it nhd't 07 nam kinh nghiem ne'u cd bang dai hpc, it nhd't 05 nam kinh nghiem ne'u cd bdng thac sy, it nhd't 03 nam kinh nghiem ne'u ed bang tie'n sy.
Thdba: Uy vien thff ky phdi Id cdng chffc cua cd quan thffdng trifc tha'm dinh
Thd tu: Uy vien hdi ddng phai Id chuyen gia mdi trffdng hoac chuyen gia thudc ITnh vffc chuydn mdn lidn quan de'n dff dn vdi it nhat 03 nam kinh nghiem ne'ucd bang dai hoc, it nha't 02 nam kinh nghiem ne'u cd bang thac sy, it nhd't 01 nam kinh nghiem ne'u cd bdng tie'n sy.
Quy dinh ve dieu kien thdnh vien Hdi ddng nhff trdn Id tha'y hdp ly. Tuy vdy, chffa cd du cd sd de thay the kinh nghiem chuyen mdn ve mdi trffdng hoac kinh nghiem chuyen mdn ve dff an bdng tdm bdng thac sy hoac tie'n sy. Nha't la trong bd'i canh ddo tao sau dai hpc dang gap nhieu van d^ ve chd't Iffdng d nffdc ta hidn nay.
7. Ca che hoat dgng cua Hoi dong thdm djnh bdo cdo DTM do'i vdi cdc du dn thong qua cdc phien hop chinh thdc sau khi cdc thdnh vien Hoi dong dd thuc hiin trdch nhiem quy dinh'^. Phien hop chinh thiic duac tie'n hdnh khi thoa mdn cdc dieu kien:
Mot Id: Cd sff tham gia (trffc de'p tai phien hpp hoac hpp trffc tuye'n) tff 2/3 trd len sd' Iifdng thanh
vien hdi ddng tham dinh, bat budc phdi cd Chu tich hdi ddng hodc Phd Chu tich hdi ddng, Uy vien thu" ky va It nha't 01 Uy vien phan bien.
Hai la: Cd sff tham gia cua dai didn ed tham quyen cua chu dff an hoac ngffdi dffdc cdp cd tham quyen cua chu dff an uy nhiem tham gia.
Ba Id: Da nop phi tha'm dinh bdo cdo danh gia tdc ddng mdi trffdng.
Ngoai cdca'u vdi cac thdnh vien nhff tren, khi td chffc edc phien hpp, Hdi ddng tha'm dinh bao cao DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff an cdn cd cdc dai bieu tham dff. Thdnh phan dai bie'u tham gia cdc cuoc hpp cua hdi ddng thd'm dinh do cd quan thffdng trffc tha'm dinh quye't dinh va mdi tham dff, dffdc phat bie'u y kie'n trong cac cudc hpp cua hdi ddng tha'm dinh, chiu sff dieu hanh cua ngffdi chu tri phien hpp, dUdc hifdng thu lao theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt."*
Qua cac ndi dung tren cho thd'y, viec quy dinh cd che', thu tuc vd dieu kien td' ehffc boat ddng ciia Hdi ddng tha'm dinh bao cdo DTM dd^i vdi cac dff an da dap ffng yeu cau ve hinh thffc. Cac quy dinh de tao dieu kien cho Hdi ddng tha'm dinh bdo cao DTM dd'i vdi ede dff dn boat ddng mdt cdch thffc cha't vdn chffa dffdc de cap. Md theo cac nguyen tac cua kmh te'thi trffdng, dd la viee dam bao boat ddng cua Hdi ddng tren ed sd ldi ieh.
Ngdn quy hoat ddng cua Hdi ddng tha'm dinh bao cao DTM dd'i vdi cac dff dn du'dc Id'y tff ngudn thu phi thd'm dinh bdo cdo DTM.''^
Ve van de nay, khi nghien cffu cac quy dinh cd lien quan,^" tha'y rang vdi chu'c nang du'dc giao va nhffng nhiem vu, trdeh nhidm phdi thffc hien rd't khd khan, phffc tap trong khi ngan quy boat ddng vd thu lao cho cdc thanh vien cht gidi han Irong mffc phi thd'm dinh Id'y tff dff an thi rd rdng chd't Iffdng vd hieu qud hoat dpng cua Hdi ddng tha'm dinh bao cao DTM dd'i vdi cac dff an khd ed the dat dffdc thed yeu cau.
8. Cdc quyet dinh cua Hgi ddng thdm dinh bdo cdo DTM ddi vdi cdc du dn the hien dudi dgng ket tudn tgi cdc phien hop chinh thdc bao gom cdc noi dung ve:
Thd nhdt la, nhffng tdn tai cua hd sd; ede yeu cdu, khuye'n nghi lien quan de'n viec hoan chinh
So 8-Thang 5/2019 87
TAP CHi C0N6 THIfdNG
hd sd (ne'u ed) difa tren cd sd y kie'n cua cdc thanh vien hdi dong thd'm dmh;
Thd hai la, can cff ke't qua kie'm phieu tham dinh theo nguyen tdc dffpc quy dinh, ke't luan theo mdt (01) trong ba (03) mffc dd: thdng qua; thdng qua vdi dieu kien phai chinh sffa, bd sung; khdng thdng qua.-'
Viec thdng qua cac quye't dmh cua Hdi dong theo nguyen tac da sd'. Cu the la:
Mot Id. thdng qua khdng can chinh sffa, bo sung: khi td't ca thanh vien bdi ddng thd'm dinh tham dff phien hpp cd phie'u tha'm djnh nhat tri thdng qua khdng can chinh sffa, bd' sung;
Hai la, thdng qua vdi dieu kien phai chinh sffa, bd' sung khi ed it nha't 2/3 sd' thdnh vien hdi ddng tham dif, trong dd bat budc phai cd it nhd't 01 uy vien phdn bidn, ed phie'u thdm dinh ddng y thdng qua hoac vdi dieu kien phdi ehinh sffa, bd sung;
Ba Id, khdng thdng qua khi ed tren 1/3 sd' thanh vien hdi ddng tham dd co phie'u tham dinh khdng thdng qua hoac ca 02 uy vien phdn bien ed phie'u tha'm dinh khdng thdng qua.--
Tuy nhien can phdi hie'u rang, nguydn lae da sd'khi thdng qua quye't djnh cua Hdi ddng cijng tdn tai mat trai khi md y kie'n cua sd'ddng lai id y kien chifa thffc sif ehudn xac va y kie'n eiia thie'u sd' thanh vien lai ehuan xac vd day du cd sd hdn.
III. M^t sd'nhan xet, danh gia Qua nghien cffu cdc quy dinh phdp luat bao ve mdi trifdng ve Hdi ddng tham dinh bao cao DTM dd'i vdi cac dff an, chung tdi nhdn thd'y:
Mdt Id. cac vd'n de hen quan de'n to chffc va boat ddng cua Hdi ddng du'dc quy dinh vd thffc thi ra't sdm tff khi chinh thffc cd Ludt Bao ve mdi tru'dng (1993).
Hai Id, qua 3 lan sffa ddi Ludt Bao ve mdi trffdng (1993. 2005, 2014) vdi chu ky 10 nam nhffng van ddm bdo ndi dung cdban ve Hdi ddng thd'm djnh bao cdo DTM dd'i vdi cac dff an mdt cdch khd nha't qudn, xuyen sud't va hen tue.
Ba Id, cac van de cd ban ve Hdi ddng thd'm dinh bao cdo DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff an dffdc quy dinh tffdng dd'i day du.
Bdn td, cae quy dinh ve Hdi ddng thd'm dinh bao cdo DTM ddi vdi cac dff an ngdy cang day du va hodn thien. Dicu nay giiip cho viec thffc hien
cdng tac DTM trong dd cd hoat ddng thd'm dinh bao cao DTM ngdy mdt hieu qua va cha't Iffdng hdn, dam bdo td't hdn nhffng yeu cau ve phdt trien ben vffng.
Tuy vdy, cac quy dinh ve Hdi ddng thd'm dinh bao cao DTM dd'i vdi ede dff an trong Luat Bao ve mdi trffdng hien hanh van cdn tdn tai nhieu va'n de can phai dffdc khac phuc. Cu the la;
Thd nhd't, thie'u quy chd' td chffc va boat ddng cua Hdi ddng thd'm djnh bdo cdo DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff an trong bd'i canh phat trie'n kinh te' - xa hdi va sff nghiep bdo ve mdi trffdng cua dd't nffdc trong giai doan hien nay vd sap tdi.
Thd hai, viec bd quy dinh ve td' chffc dich vu tha'm dmh bdo cao DTM nhff mdt dang Hpi ddng tham dinh bdo cao DTM dffdc xd hdi hda la diiu ddng tie'c trdng dieu kien kinh te' thj trffdng va theo nguyen tac bao ve mdi tnfdng la sff nghiep cua toan ddn.
Thd bo, chffa quy dinh che dp lifu trff, bd sd luM trff dd'i vdi cdc tdi lieu lien quan de'n qud trinh thffc hien DTM dd'i vdi cac dff an, dac biet Id cdc tdi lieu lien quan de'n ke't qua tham djnh do Hpi ddng tha'm djnh bdo cdo DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff an dffa ra va ke't ludn.
Thd tu, cac quy dmh ve dieu kien thanh vien Hdi ddng ed bdng sau dai hpc can it kinh nghiem chuyen mdn hdn thanh vien cd bdng dai hpc la chifa cd day du cd sd.
Thd ndm, chffa quy dmh rd va'n de khie'u nai, td cdo cac hdnh vi sai trai cua cac chu the tham gia/cd hen quan tdi boat ddng cua Hdi ddng tham dinh bdo cdo DTM dd'i vdi cac dff an.
Thii sdu, quy dinh ve ngan quy boat dpng cua Hdi ddng tha'm djnh bao cdo DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff dn chUa ro rang va thffc sff la khiem td'n trong dieu kien kinh te' xa hdi hien nay.
Nhffng nhdn xet tren ddy tuy chffa dffpc chffng minh mdt cdch dinh Iffdng nhffng la ke't qud ciia vieckhaocffu, phdn tich, nhan dmh ndi dung cac quy dinh phdp luat hien hanh ve Hdi ddng tham djnh bao cao DTM dd'i vdi cae dff dn. Day la cd sd de' de xud't mdt soy kie'n nham hoan thien cac quy dinh ve Hdi ddng tham djnh bdo cdo DTM dd'i vdi cae dff dn trong thdi gian tdi,
IV. K^'t ludn va mOt s6'khuye'n nghi Hdi ddng tha'm dinh bao cao DTM ddi vdi cac
So 8-Thdng 5/2019
LUAT
dff dn Id thie't che dffdc dat ra de' giai quye't mdt trong nhffng va'n de then chd't trong qua trinh thffc hien DTM, nhffng xet ve bdn chd't, Hdi ddng dffdc coi nhff mdt cdng cu giai quye't xung dot ldi ich cua doanh nghiep, cua chu dff an dau tff vdi Idi ich cua xa hdi, ldi ieh cdng. Cdng cu nay dffdc Nha nffdc sff dung dffdi vai trd trung gian trpng tai, thdng qua cac cd quan, l6 chffc cd tha'm quyen tham djnh bao cdo DTM dd'i vdi cac dff dn.
Cac quy dmh vl Hdi ddng thd'm dinh bdo cao DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff an cdn nhieu vd'n de can dffpc nghien cffu hoan thidn nhff da trinh bay.
Chung tdi manh dan de xud't mdt so y kie'n mang tinh cha't khuye'n nghj, gdi y cho viec hodn thien cac quy dinh dd nhff sau:
Mot Id, can cd mdt ban Quy che' hoat ddng cua Hdi ddng tha'm dinh bao cdo DTM dd'i vdi cac dd an nhd thdi gian trffdc khi ban hanh Ludt Bdo ve mdi trffdng 2014 dd cd (cdc van ban phap ludt dd phdn tich va dan chie'u d phan tren). Do tinh cha't hoat ddng va vai trd quan trpng cua Hdi ddng tham dmh bdo cao DTM dd'i vdi ede dff dn ddi hdi.
Hai Id, can quy djnh cho phep cdc td' chffc djch vu tham dinh bao cao DTM boat ddng. Dieu nay hoan toan phu hdp vdi nhffng nguyen tac kmh le' thj trffdng, vffa dd ganh nang cho Nha nifdc, vffa phu hdp vdi chu trffdng cdi cdch, giam tdi thu tue hanh chinh cdng. Ne'u cd cdc va'n de phdt sinh tff
sff lam dung, mdc ngoac, ldi ich nhdm thi can cd cdcqiu dinh chi tie't de phdng ngffa va che tdi cac hanh vi dd.
Ba Id, tai lieu cd lien quan de'n ke't qud tham dinh cua Hoi ddng tha'm dinh bdo cao DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff dn cdn dffdc quy djnh che dp Iffu trff. Day la nhffng tai lieu ra't quan trpng dd'i vdi viec rang budc trach nhiem mdi trifdng ciia chu dff dn. Cd th^ bd sung vao cdc quy djnh phdp ludt ve Iffu trff.
Bdn Id, cdn quy dinh ve kinh nghiem chuyen mdn mdn trffdng va chuyen mdn dff dn dd'i vdi thdnh vien Hdi dong theo hffdng de cao thdi gian cdng tac nhff nhau, cdn bang sau dai hpc chi la tieu chi phu, tieu chi ifu tien khi xem xet quye't dinh du'a vao lam thanh vien hdi ddng.
Ndm td, bd sung cdc quy djnh ve khie'u nai, td' cao cac quye't djnh ke't ludn cua Hdi ddng tham dinh bdo cdo DTM dd'i vdi cdc dff dn. Dieu ndy dam bdo cho hoat ddng cua Hdi ddng hieu qud hdn, thdnh vien cd trdch nhiem hdn trong viec thffc hien nhiem vu thd'm dinh.
Sdu la, bd sung, sffa dd'i cac quy djnh ve thu, chi ngan sach boat ddng cua Hdi ddng tha'm djnh bdo cao DTM dd'i vdi cac du' an theo hifdng tang mdt each pbii hdp vdi tffng giai doan phdt trien kmh te' xa hdi. Vffa cd the tang dpng Iffc Idm viec, tinh than trach nhiem cua cdc thanh vien hoi ddng, vffa tranh dffdc sff thao tung tff phia chu dff an •
TAI LIEU TRICH DAN:
'Ludt BVMT1993. Ludt BVMT 2005 vd Ludt BVMT2014 ciing he thdng cdc i an bdn hudng ddn ihi hdnh.
-hltp://vea gov.vn/vn/tintuc Chi tinh rieng trong ndm 2018. VIA Thdm dinh ddnh gid tdc dgng moi trudng (Bg TN vd MT) dd de'p nhdn 490 ho sa di nghi thdm dinh bdo cdo DTM vd cdi tao phuc hoi mdt trUdng trong khai thdc khodng sdn vd phe duyet 473 ho sabdo cdo DTM.
-'Dieu 24 Ludl BVMT2014, Dieu 14 ND 18/2015/ND-CP vi quy liogch BVMT, DMC, DTM vd KBM. Diiu H Thdng lusd27/2015/rr-BTNMT ve DMC, DTM vd KBM, cu tlie nlidi Id Thong lU 13/2009/TT-BTNMT vi id elide vd liogt dgng ciia HDTD BC DMC vd BC DTM
''Co the ke den cdc du dn vi ndng luong hat nhdn, vi phdi trien dd ihi, ve xdy dUng ca sd hg tdng, giao thdng, ve hda chd't, ve khai thdc, van chuyen, che bie'n khodng sdn, ddu khi, ve cdng nghiep dien td, kinh doanh vien thdng, ve xd ly chdt thai, chdt thai nguy hgi..
So 8-Thdng 5/2019 89
TAP CHi CONG THlTdNG
'Dieu 1.7. 18 Chuang 11 Ludt BVMT 1993, Dieu 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. 18, 19, 28ND sd 175/1993/ND-CP Hudng ddn thi hdnh Ludt BVMT 1993
''Ddng Vdn Minh - Chu bien. Gido trinh DTM. Trudng Dgi hgc Ndng Lam - Dgi hgc Thdi Nguyen. Nhd Xudt bdn Ndng nghiep, Hd Ngi, 2013
'KIwdn 5 Diiu 14 Nghj dinh 18/2015/ND-CP ve guy hogch BVMT, DMC. DTM vd KBM ''Khodn 1 Dieu 21 Ludt BVMT 2005
^Khoan 1 Diiu 21 Ludl BVMT 2005 '°Dieu24 Ludt BVMT2014
"Trudc ddy Id Quy che hoat ddng ciia HD TD BC DTM ban hdnh theo QD sd 13/2006/QD-BTNMT vd sau ndy Id Thdng tu sd 13/2009/TT-BTNMT ve td chdc vd hoat ddng ciia HDTD BC DMC vd BC DTM, Thdng tu 26/2011/TT-TNMT ve DMC. DTM vd CBM
'^Khodn 1 Diiu 14 ND sd 18/2015/ND-CP
"Khodn 3 Dieu 14 ND sd 18/2015/ND-CP
'''http://tapchimoilruong.vn/ThUc-trgng'vd-de-xud't-kie'n-nghi-nhdm-hodn-thien-hS-thdng-ddnh-gid-tdc-dgng- mdi-trudng-trong-qud-lrinh-xet-duyel-dtx-dn-ddu-tu
'^Phu luc 4.1. Thdng tusd 27/2015/TT-BTNMT '^Khodn 3 Dieu 14 ND sd 18/2015/ND-CP
"Diiu 19 Thdng tUsd27/2015/TT-BTNMT vi DMC, DTM vd KBM '«Diiu 20 Thdng lUsd27/2015/TT-BTNMT.
'^Diem b Khodn 3 Dieu 20 ND sd 18/2015/ND-CP.
^°Th6ng tu sd 56/2018/TT-BTC Quy dmh mtic thu, che do thu. nop, qudn /^ va .'iH dung phi thdm dinh bdo cdo DTM do ca quan Tl/lhUc hien thdm dinh
^'Khodn 1 Dieu 30 Thdng tusd27/201S/TT-BTNMT.
"Khodn 2 Dieu 30 Thdng tUsd27/201 S/TT-BTNMT.
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O :
/. Luat Bdo ve moi irudng sd 55/20I4/QH13
http. //vanban. chinlrphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/lwlhongvanban
2. Nghi dmh .w 40/20!9/ND-CP Sda doi. hd sung mdi sddieu cda cdc nghi dmh quy dmh cin tie't. hudng ddn thi hdnh Ludt Bdo v$ mdt trudng 2014.
3. Nghi dinh .^d 18/2015/ND-CP quy dinh vi quy hoach baa ve mdi trudng, ddnh gid mdi trudng chie'n luac. ddnh gid tdc dgng mdi irudng vd ke hoach bdo ve mdi irUdng
4. Nghi dinh sd 19/2015/ND-CP Quy dinh chi tiet thi hdnh mdt sddiiu cua Ludt Bdo ve moi trudng.
5. Thong tusd 27/2015/TT-BTNMT cua Bd Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng: Vi ddnh gid moi irudng chien lugc. ddnh gid tdc dgng moi IrUcing vd ke hooch bdo ve mdi trudng.
6. Dgng Vdn Minh - Chtl bien, Gido trinh DTM, TrUdng Dgi lioc Ndng Lam - Dai hgc Thdi Nguyen. Nhd Xudt bdn Ndng nghiep, Hd Ndi, 2013.
7. Thdo gd vudng mdc trong ddnh gid tdc dgng mdi trudng hllp://baochinhplm.vn/Tra-loi-cong-dan/Tluio-go- vuong-mac-trong-danh-gia-tac-dong-moi-truong 9h00 21/5/2019
8 Lo hong mdi trUdng khi quye't dinh cdc dU dn kinh te.
http://www.ashutcom/mag/tuongtac/phanbien/123364o-hong-moi-truong-khi-quyet-dinh-cac-du-an-kinh-te
90 So 8-Thdng 5/2019
LUAT
Ngay nhdn bai: 4/4/2019
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va si^a chffa: 14/4/2019 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 24/4/2019
Thdng tin tdc gid:
GVC.TS. VU QUANG
Vifin Kinh t&' va Quan ly, Trifdng Dai hoc Bach khoa Ha N^i
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT REGULATIONS OF APPRAISAL COUNCILS ON
EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTS IN VIETNAM
• Ph.DVU QUANG School of Economics a n d Management Hanoi University of Science and Technology
ABSTRACT:
Evaluating the environmental impact assessment reports of projects through appraisal councils is defined in Vietnam's environmental regulations which are based on practical and socio-economic development needs as well as experience from developed countries.
However, this evaluation mechanism still has many shortcomings which arise during the implementation process. Regulations of appraisal councils on the evaluation of environmental impact assessment reports need to be studied deeply and comprehensively. The analysis and assessment of appraisal councils' current regulations is to identify contents that are not appropriate for environemtal protection. Based on these analyses and assessments, this article proposes some recommendations for improving the effectiveness of regulations on evaluating environmental impact assessment reports.
Keywords: Envu-onmental impact assessment, environmental impact assessment report, il council.
So 8 - T h d n g 5/2019 91
