CAC NHAN TO ANH HlTCfNG DEN QUYET DINH THAM GIA BAO HIEM TOM NUOI
VA SU SAN L O N G C H I T R A B A O H I E M TOM
NUOI CUA HO NONG DAN d TINH BEN TRE
NGUYEN THI KIM ANH - PHUNG ANH THUC DOAN
TOM TAT:
Bang viec phdng van 135 hd nudi tdm the d hai xa An Dffc va Bao Thanh, huyen Ba Tri, tinh Ben Tre va md hinh hoi quy logit nhi thffc dffdc ap dung de phSn tich cac ye'u td' anh hffdng de'n quye't dinh tham gia bao hiem tdm nudi. Ke't qua chi ra rang, cd md'i tffdng quan thuan giffa tie'p can thdng tin bao hiem tdm nudi, tham gia tap hua'n bao hiem tdm nudi va quy md dien tich ao nudi vdi quye't dinh tham gia bao hiem tdm nudi cua ndng bd. Dong thdi nghien cffu nay cung tra ldi cho cau hdi ve sff san long chi tra de tham gia bao hiem tdm nudi. Qua dd, bai bao gdi y mdt sd' giai phap de khuye'n khich sff tham gia bao hiem tdm nudi tff nguyen cua cac hp nuoi tdm the trong thdi gian tdi.
Ttf khoa: Quye't dinh tham gia, san Idng chi tra, bao hiem, tdm the chan trang, tinh Ben Tre.
1. Dat v§fn de
Trong nhffng nam qua, Bao hiem ndng nghiep (BHNN) da dffdc Dang va Nha nffdc khuye'n khich va dffa vao chie'n Iffdc phat trien ndng nghiep ndng thdn. Ndi dung ve xay dffng ed ehe va cac hinh thffc BHNN da dffdc dffa vao Van kien Dai hdi Dang (lan thff X va lan thff XI), Nghi quye't 26 Trung ffdng 7 (khda X) ve Ndng nghiep, Ndng dan, Ndng thdn va Quye't dinh so' 315/QD-TTg ciia Thii tffdng Chinh phu trong dd thffc hien chffdng trinh bao hiem thi diem tren cay liia, vat nudi va nudi trong thuy san. Trong chffdng trinh thi diem bao hiem dd'i vdi nudi trong thiiy san chii yeu la ca tra, ca ba sa, tdm sii, tdm the chan trang d 5 tinh Ben Tre, Sdc Trang, Tra Vinh, Bac Lieu, Ca Mau. Rieng d Ben Tre, chffdng trinh thi diem bao hiem thiiy san chii ye'u tren ddi tffdng nudi la
tdm the chan trang. Chffdng trinh thi diem BHNN nay gap kha nhieu khd khan va tren thffc te mdi chi thffc hien dffdc 1,5 nam, mac du thdi gian trien khai 3 nam. Cac doanh nghiep d trong va ngoai nffdc chffa thanh edng trong linh vffc dieh vu nay trong san xua't ndng nghiep d Viet Nam. Theo Myriam Hadnes va Kristina Czura (2014) [1]
Danh gia chffdng trinh thi diem Bao hiem nuoi trong thuy san cua Chinh phu tai tinh Ca Mau giai doan 2011 2013, eho tha'y sff hai long cua ng#
ndng dan vdi chffdng trinh bao hiem thi diem la tha'p. Mac dii khdng hai long vdi chffdng trinh bao hiem va dac biet la each thffc tie'n hanh, ngiidi ndng dan vSn tha'y dffdc gia tri cua bao hiem va hp nhan thffc dffdc ldi ich cua chffdng trinh trong viec chd'ng lai nguy cd rui ro. Do vay, de co the toi thffc hien chffdng trinh BH tiong nudi trong thuy
352 Sd 14-Thdng 11/2018
TAI CHiNH - N G A N H A N G - BAO HIEM
san can tim bieu cac yen to' tac ddng de'n quye't dinh tham gia BH, cung nhff can tim hieu sff san long tham gia BH d ty le phi nao la phu hdp dd'i vdi dd'i tffdng tdm the chan trang.
2. Phffdng phap nghien cufu
Cac thdng tin, dff lieu dffdc sff dung trong nghien cffu nay dffdc thu thap tff cac nguon thff cap va sd ca'p. Dff lieu thff cap dffdc sff dung tff cac bao cao, tff lieu va so' lieu sSn cd tff cac cd quan nhff Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thon tinh Ben Tre, Cue Thd'ng ke tinh Ben Tre, Cong ty Bao Minh Ben Tre. Ben canh dd, cac ket qua nghien cffu ciia cac de tai lien quan ciing dffdc tham khao. Thdng tin sd cap dffdc thu thap thdng qua sff san long tra ldi phdng van trffc tie'p cua 135 hd nudi tdm the chan trang tai hai xa An Dffc va Bao Thanh, huyen Ba Tri, tinh Ben Tre. So' lieu thu thap dffdc xff ly va phan tich vdi 2 hinh thffc:
(i) Sff dung phffdng phap thd'ng ke md ta de md ta ve nhan thffc va sff san long tham gia ve bao hiem tdm nudi;
(ii) Siir dung md hinh hoi quy logit nhi thffc (Binary Logistic) de phan tich cac ye'u td' anh hu'dng de'n quye't dinh tham gia bao hiem tdm cua cac hp nudi tdm the chan trang d huyen Ba Tri, tinh Ben Tre. Trong dd, bie'n phu thupc Yi la bie'n gia phan anh quye't dinh tham gia bao hiem tdm nudi eua hp, nhan gia tri 1 khi hd quyet dinh tham gia va 0 khi hp quye't dinh khdng tham gia. Cac bie'n giai thich trong md binh bao gom eae bie'n lien quan de'n dac diem nhan khau va dac diem san xua't cua hd. Md hinh cu the:
Yi(BHNN) = ^0 + P]^i + ^2^2 + £ Trong dd:
Xj: Nhdm bie'n dpc lap phan anh dac diem nhan khau hp
XJ: Nhdm bie'n dpc lap phan anh dac diem boat dpng san xua't bp
8: Phan dff, bao gom cac ye'u to'khdng giai thich difdc bang md hinh
3. Kg't qua nghien cffu
3.1. Y Men cua nong hg ve mdc thiet hgi nuoi torn the khi xdy ra dich benh theo giai dogn nuoi Khi tdm xay ra dieh benh khoang 40 ngay tud'i:
97,0% sd'bp cbo rang bi thiet hai hoan toan (100%) (Bang 1).
Bang 1. Mdc thiSt hai nuoi torn the khi xay ra d|ch b$nh theo giai doan nuoi
Murcthi^t hai 50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Tdng cong
Tom 40 ngay tudi Sdh6
0 0 4 0 0 131 135
Tyl§(%) 0,0 0,0 3,0 0,0 0,0 97,0 100,0
lorn 60 ngay tuoi Sdh5
37 83 7 4 3 1 135
Ty l# (%) 27,4 61,5 5,2 3,0 2,2 0,7 100,0
Tom 80 ngay tuoi SohO
124 10
1 0 0 0 135
Tyl§(%) 91,8
7,5 0,7 0,0 0,0 0,0 100,0
Nguon: Tinh todn tff so lieu diiu tra
Khi tdm xay ra dich benh khoang 60 ngay tudi:
ed 27,4% sd' hd danh gia mffc thiet hai la 50%;
61,5% sd'bp danh gia mffc thiet hai la 60%; 5,2%
sd'bp danh gia mffc thiet hai la 70%; khoang 5,9%
sd'bp danh gia mffc thiet hai tff 80-100%.
Khi tdm xay ra dich benh khoang 80 ngay tud'i:
Mffc thiet hai chii ye'u tff 50-60%, trong dd cd:
91,8% sd hp danh gia mffc thiet hai la 50%; 7,5%
so hd danh gia mffc thiet hai la 60%.
3.2. Chi phi vd doanh thu thu hoi cua torn the chdn trdng theo giai dogn nuoi
Khi tdm nudi khoang 40 ngay tudi: Chi phi khi tdm d giai doan nay bie'n ddng tff 15-78 trieu, binh quan la 32,5 trieu dong/ha; va ne'u tdm che't d giai doan nay - doanh thu thu hdi la gan bang khdng, vi tdm cdn nhd, dii cd thu hoach nhffng thffdng lai thffdng khdng mua do kich cd tdm qua nhd (Bang 2).
Khi tdm nudi khoang 60 ngay tudi: Chi phi khi tdm d giai doan nay bie'n ddng tff 30-80 trieu, binh quan la 55,9 trieu ddng/ha; va ne'u tdm che't d giai doan nay - doanh thu thu hdi bie'n dpng tff 10- 35 trieu ddng, binh quan la 20,6 trieu ddng/ha. Nhff vay, khi tdm xay ra rui ro d giai doan nay, hd nudi tdm cd the thu hdi trung binh dffdc 37% chi phi dau tff.
Khi tdm nudi tdm khoang 80 ngay tud'i: Chi phi khi tdm d giai doan nay bie'n dpng tff 45-160 trieu, binh quan la 87,5 trieu ddng/ha, va ne'u tdm che't d giai doan nay - doanh thu thu hdi bie'n dpng tff 20-
100 trieu ddng, binh quan la 49,8 trieu ddng/ha.
Nhff vay, khi tdm xay ra riii ro d giai doan nay, hd nudi tdm cd the thu hdi trung binh dffdc 57% chi phi dau tff.
So 14-Thdng 11/2018 353
Bang 2. Chi phf va doanh thu co the thu hoi ciia nuoi torn the theo giai doan nuoi
Tdi thieu Tdi da Trung binh Dp lech chuan
Dp bien thien Sd quan sat
DVT
1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha 1000 d/ha
% Sohp
Chi phf theo giai doan 40 ngay
15,0 78,0 32,5 8,2 25,2 135
60 ngay 30,0 80,0 55,9 12,8 22,9 135
80 ngay 45,0 160,0 87,5 21,0 24,0 135
Doanh thu theo giai doan 40 ngay
0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
135
60 ngay 10,0 35,0 20,6 5,7 27,9 135
80 ngay 20,0 100,0 49,8 20,1 40,4 135
Ngudn: Tinh todn tff sd lieu diiu tra
3.3. Ket qua mo hinh hoi quy logit ve cdc yeu td dnh hudng den cdc quyet dinh tham gia bdo hiem tdm nuoi
3.3.1. Mo td cdc bie'n trong mo hinh
Phan tich cac ye'u to' anh hffdng de'n viee tham gia bao hiem tdm vdi viec ap dung md hinh hdi quy logit nhi thffc, tac gia phdng van 135 hd nudi tdm the chan trang d huyen Ba Tri, la mdt trong nhffng huyen ciia tinh Ben Tre ed trien khai Chffdng trinh thi diem BHNN. Trong dd ed 42 hd da tham gia chffdng tiinh thi diem BHNN, chie'm 31,1 %; 93 hd khdng tham gia chffdng tiinh thi diem BHNN, chie'm 68,9% sd
(SONAM_HOC),quy md dien tich nuoi torn the chan trang (DT_THE), va ty le vd'n vay trong tong vd'n dau tff nuoi torn the chan trang trong vu (TYLE_VAY).
3.3.2. Kit qud udc Iffang mo hinh hoi quy logit nhi thffc
Trong hdi quy logit nhi thffc, dai
^lffdng Wald Chi Square dffdc sff dung de kie'm dinh y nghia thong ke cua he sd hdi quy tdng. Ke't qua md hinh cho tha'y bie'n tham gia tap hua'n BHNN, tie'p can chffdng trinh BHNN va quy md dien tich cd gia trj p (sig.) nhd hdn mffc y nghia = 0,1 va ed the su"
dung de dff bao md binh, cdn cac bie'n khac khong cd y nghia thd'ng ke trong md hinh hdi quy (Bang 3). Ke't qua nay cung phii hdp vdi nghien cffu cua Phan Dinh Khdi va Quach Vu Hiep (2014) [2] khi nghien cffu ve cac nhan to' anh hffdng de'n quyet dinh tham gia bao hiem tdm nudi ciia hp nong dan tinh Bac Lieu.
hd khao sat. Trong md hinh thffc nghiem hdi quy logit nhi thffc, bie'n phu thude la tham gia BHNN (TG_BHNN) nhan gia tri 1, ne'u hd ed tham gia BHNN; nhan gia tri 0 ne'u hd khdng ed tham gia BHNN. Cd 7 bie'n ddc lap trong md hinh, gdm 02 bie'n dinh tinh la ed tham gia tap hua'n (TAPHUAN) (1-ed tham gia, 0-khdng tham gia tap hua'n), tie'p can BHNN (TCAN_BHNN) (1-ed tie'p can BHNN, 0- khdng tie'p can BHNN) va 4 bie'n dinh Iffdng:
tudi chii hd (TUOI), kinh nghiem nuoi tdm the chan trang (KNGHIEM), trinh dp hoc van
Bang 3. Ket qua Udc liidng cac h$ so trong mo hinh
Cac yeu to anh hudng
I.Tuoi chu ho 2. Trinh dp van hoa chu hp 3. So nam kinh nghiem nuoi torn
the chan trang 4.Tham gia tap hua'n 5.Tiep can bao hiem torn nuoi e.Quy mo dien tich nuoi tom the 7. Ty le von vay trong tdng von dau tu nuoi tom the chan trang trong vu
Ky hi$u
TUOI SONAM_HOC
KNGHIEM TAPHUAN TCAN_BHNN
DT_THE TYLE_VAY
Constant
H$so
-0,045(ns) -0,105(ns) 0,031 (ns) 1,877(*") 4,377("*) 0,702(*) -1,232(ns) -1,728(ns)
Rvalue
0,280 0,385 0,806 0,001 0,000 0,099 0,452 0,579
1-1$ so tac d$ng bien
0,956 0,901 1,031 6,532 79,594
2,017 0,292 0,178
(*), (**•), f ***) mffc y nghia =0,1, 0,05 vd 0,01, ns: khdng cd y nghia thdnglce.
Nguon: Tinh todn tff sdliiu diiu tra Gia dinh xac sua't hp cd quye't dinh tham gia BHNN lan dau lan Iffdt la 20%, 30%, 50%. Xac
354 So 14 Thdng 11/2018
TAI CHiNH - N G A N H A N G - BAO HIEM
sua't tham gia BHNN dffdi tac ddng bien cua tffng yeu td dffdc tinh trong Bang 4. Trong trffdng hdp xac sua't quye't dinh tham gia BHNN ban dau ciia nong hd la 20% thi xac sua't quye't dinh tham gia BHNN se tang len 62% khi cd tham gia cac ldp tap huan, xac sua't quyet dinh tham gia BHNN tang len 95,2% khi cac hp cd tie'p can ve BHNN va 33,5%
khi quy md dien tich cua hd tang 1 ha nudi tdm the chan trang trong dieu kien cac ye'u to khac khdng do'i. Khi xac sua't quye't dinh ban dau ciia hd la 30%, thi xac sua't quye't dinh tham gia BHNN tang len lan Iffdt la 73,7%, 96% va 37,7% dffdi tae ddng cua cac ye'u to' tap hua'n, tie'p can BHNN va quy mo dien tich tang 1 ha. Tffdng tff nhff vay, khi xac sua't quye't dinh ban dau cua hp la 50%, thi xac sua't quye't dinh tham gia BHNN tang len lan Iffdt la 86,7%, 98,8% va 66,9%.
Tff ke't qua phan tich tren, cd the nhan dinh rang cac ye'u to nhff quy md dien tich nudi, tham gia tap hua'n, tie'p can BHNN la 03 ye'u td ehinh cd tae dpng de'n viec tham gia BH tdm nudi ciia ndng hp.
Trong dd, yen to'tie'p can dffdc BHNN cd tae dpng Idn de'n xac sua't quye't dinh tham gia BH tdm nudi cua hd, ke de'n la ye'u to tap hua'n va quy md dien tich nudi tdm the chan trang. (Bdng 4)
3.4. SUsdn long dong phi BH tom nuoi cua hg nuoi tom the chdn trdng
3.4.1. Thong tin ve BH tom nuoi ddi vdi hg nuoi tdm the chdn trdng
Ke't qua khao sat cho tha'y 88,1 % so hd cho rang ho cd bie't (cd nghe) ve chinh saeh BHNN trong nudi trdng thuy san d tinh Ben Tre, tuy nhien chi CO gan 50% sdhd la cd quan tam de'n viec tie'p can ve viec mua BH tdm nudi, va cd 31,1 % so hd da cd tham gia BH tdm the chan trang.
Bang 4. Xac suat hO quyet d|nh tham gia
Bang 5. Mdt so thong tin ve BH torn nuoi d huySn Ba Tri, tinh Ben Tre
SohO Tyl§(%) 1. Co biet ve chfnh sach BHNN
Co biet Khong biet Tong cOng
119 16 135
88,1 11,9 100,0 2. Co tiep c$n thong tin BH torn nuoi
Co tiep can thong tin BH torn nuoi Khong co tiep can thong tin BH torn nuoi long cpng
67 68 135
49,6 50,4 100,0 3. Tham gia BH torn nuoi
ChUa tham gia Da tCrng tham gia Tong cOng
93 42 135
68,9 31,1 100.0
Cac yeu to anh hudng
Tham gia tap huan Tiep can bao hiem Quy mo dien tfch nuoi tom the
Ky hi$u
TAPHUAN TCAN_BHNN
DT_THE
H§ so tac d$ng bien
(e-)
6.532 79.594
2.017
Xac suat gia d|nh
20% 30% 50%
Gia tri oddsO theo xac xuat gia d|nh 0,25
62,0%
95,2%
33,5%
0,43 73,7%
96,0%
37,7%
1,00 86,7%
98,8%
66,9%
Nguon: Tinh todn tff sdliiu diiu tra
Nguon: Tinh todn tff sd lieu dieu tra
3.4.2. Y kien ve thffc hien chuang trinh thi diem BH tom nuoi vffa qua
Trong 135 hd dffdc khao sat thi cd 42 hp da tham gia chffdng trinh BH tdm nudi, chie'm 31,1%) so hd khao sat. Cac van de lien quan de'n chffdng trinh BH tdm nudi da trien khai d huyen Ba Tri dffdc phdng van lay y kie'n danh gia tff nhffng hd da tham gia chffdng trinh BH tdm nudi. Cd 7 van de dffdc hdi lien quan den BH tdm nudi ma hp chffa hai long hoac lam giam sff tham gia BH tdm nudi d huyen Ba Tri va y kie'n danh gia d 5 mffc. Ke't qua khao sat cho tha'y cac danh gia phan Idn d mffc ddng y va hoan toan ddng y, va hai mffc danh gia nay chie'm tff 80 de'n 90% y kie'n khi danh gia ve mot so' van de BH tdm nudi da thffc hien thi diem d huyen Ba Tri bao hiem torn nuoi (Bang 6). Dieu nay cung gdp phan ly giai nguyen nhan chffdng trinh thi diem BH tdm nudi khdng dat mue tieu, hieu qua de ra va can phai cd nhieu cai tie'n ne'u tai thffc hien chffdng trinh nay d
So 14 Thang 11/2018 355
quy md rdng hdn. Dd'i vdi nhffng hd chffa tham gia BH tdm nudi, thi cd hai ly do ma hp khdng tham gia la khdng hieu ve BH tdm nudi va hp khdng tha'y ldi ich gi tff mua BH tdm nudi (Bang 7). Cd 91,4% sd hd ddng y va hoan toan ddng y la hp khdng tham gia BH tdm nudi vi khdng hie'u ve BHNN trong nudi trdng thuy san, va ed 88,1% sd hp ddng y va hoan toan ddng y la hp khdng tham gia BH tdm nudi vi cho rang tham gia BH la khdng cd ldi. Dieu nay eho tha'y edng tae tuyen truyen van ddng la rat quan trpng, vi ed thay ddi nhan thffc thi mdi thay ddi hanh vi.
hd mud'n mua BH khi tdm tff 60 ngay tudi trd xud'ng, vi day la giai doan ma ndng hd danh gia la thffdng xay ra dieh benh. Cd 91,1% sd'bp cho rang tdm the chan trang thffdng hay xay ra dich benh tir 40 ngay tudi trd xud'ng. (Bdng 8)
3.4.4. Sff sdn Idng dong phi BH torn theo giai dogn nuoi tom the
Cac hd phdng van chu ye'u san long sff dong phi BH khi tdm dffdi 40 ngay tudi va 40 ngay tud'i - 60 ngay tudi. Ne'u cd mua BH cho nudi tdm the d giai doan nay thi hd mud'n ddng phi d mffc tff 10% den
15% tren tdng chi phi theo tffng giai doan nuoi la phd bie'n, trong Bang 6. Y kien cua nhiing hp da tham gia bao hiem tom the 6 huy§n Ba Tri, tinh Ben Tre
DVT: % so ho co y kien
Y kien ve BHNN
1. Ty le boi thudng thiet hai tha'p 2. Gia tf! so tien bao hiem thap 3. Phi bao hiem qua cao
4. Qui mo nuoi torn theo yeu cau qua Idn 5. Cac dieu l<ien ve ky thuat qua khac khe 6. Qui trinh dang ky phQc tap
7. Qui trinh giai quye't boi thudng phutc tap
Mifc danh gia 1
0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
2 2,4 2,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
3 9,5 9,5 7,1 7,1 7,1 5,7 7,1
4 14,3 14,3 21,4 26,2 26,2 41,5 19,0
5 73,8 73,8 71,4 66,7 66,7 52,8 73,8
Tong c6ng 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0
Ghi chu: 1- Hodn todn khdng dong y; 2 - Khdng dong y; 3 Khdng cd y kiin;
4 - Dong y; 5 - Hodn todn dong y Nguon: Tinh todn tff sdliiu dieu tra
Bang 7. Y Iden cua nhOng hd chua tham gia bao hiem tom the 6 huy§n Ba Tri, tinh Ben Tre DVT: % so ho co y kien
Ykien
1. Khong hieu ve BH tom nuoi nen khong tham gia 2. Hp khong thay Ioi ich gi til mua BH cho tom
MOc danh gia 1
4,3 2,2
2 0,0 0,0
3 4,3 9,7
4 7,5 7,5
5 83,9 80,6
Tong cOng 100,0 100,0
Nguon: Tinh todn tff sdliiu diiu tra
3.4.3. Mong mudn mua BH cho tom the chdn trdng d cdc giai dogn (tudi) nuoi
Ke't qua khao sat eho tha'y cd 78,5% sdhp mud'n mua BH eho tdm the chan trang dffdi 40 ngay tudi, va 18,5% sd hp mud'n mua BH tdm d giai doan tff 40-60 ngay tudi, va mua BH eho tdm tren 60 ngay tiidi ehi ed 3% sdhd (Bang 8). Nhff vay cd the ndi.
dd mffc phi 15%
chie'm 67,8% so hd de nghi, 32,2% so' ho de nghi mffc phi BH tdm nudi la 10%.
Nhff vay, miJc phi de nghi pho' bien la 15% tren tdng chi phi nuoi theo tffng giai doan.
Day la miJc phi can tham khao khi tai trien khai chffdng trinh BH tdm the chan trang.
3.4.5. Mffc den bu mong muon tff BH tdm nuoi theo giai doan nuoi tdm the
Khi torn xay ra dich benh cl giai doan diidi 40 ngay tudi, till mong mudn den butffBHciiaho nudi tdm the chan trang la 100% ed de'n 97,0% so hp de nghi (Bang 9).
Khi tdm xay ra dich benh d giai doan difdi 60 ngay tudi, thi mong mud'n den bu tff BH cua hp nudi tdm the chan trang la 50% - 60%, trong do de nghi mffc den bu 50% thiet hai chie'm 27,4%, va den bii d mffc 60% la 61,4% sdhd de nghi.
356 So 14-Thang 11/2018
T A I CHiNH - NGAN HANG - BAO HIEM
Bang 8. Giai doan nuoi tom the ma ngiidi nuoi tom muon mua BIH
Tuoi tom chpn mua BH Dudi 40 ngay Tii 40 -60 ngay Td 60 -80 ngay Tii 80-100 ngay Tren 100 ngay
Tdng cpng
Sohd 106
25 2 2 0 135
Tyl§(%) 78,5
18,5 1,5 1,5 0,0 100,0 Nguon: Tinh todn tff sd lieu diiu tra
Khi tdm xay ra dich benh d giai doan 80 ngay tudi, thi mong mud'n den bii tff BH cua hp nudi torn the chan trang la 50 % 60% , trong do de nghi mffc den bu 50% thiet hai chie'm 91,8% sd' ho de nghi.
Bang 9. Mdc den bu mong muon Idii b| thiet hai do d|ch b$nh theo giai doan nuoi
Den biJ thigt hai 50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Tong cong
Tom 40 ngay tud'i Sohd
0 0 4 0 0 131 135
Ty l§ (%) 0,0 0,0 3,0 0,0 0,0 97,0 100,0
Tom 60 ngay tud'i Sohd
37 83 7 4 3 1 135
Ty|g(%) 27,4 61,5 5,2 3,0 2,2 0,7 100,0
Tom 80 ngay tud'i Sohd
124 10 1 0 0 0 135
Tyl§(%) 91,8
7,5 0,7 0,0 0,0 0,0 100,0 j Nguon: Tinh todn tff sd lieu diiu tra
3.4.6. Su sdn Idng ddp ffng mgt sd dieu kien de tham gia BH torn nuoi
Khi phdng van cac dieu kien de xem xet tham , gia BH sff nudi tdm the chan trang, nghien cffu dffa
ra 22 dieu kien, thi cd 4 dieu kien chi dap ffng 34,1% de'n 57,8%) sdhd san sang dap ffng, va ed 5 . dieu kien chi cd 2,2% de'n 14,l%o la dap ffng dffdc, . va 14 dieu kien cd 70-100%) ndng hd san sang dap ling dffdc. Do vay, cac van de can dac biet quan tam de tham gia BH tdm nudi la can van ddng tuyen truyen, ciing nhff cd ehinh saeh hd trd can '. thiet de hp dam bao du dieu kien tham gia BH tdm
nudi, dam bao qua trinh theo ddi, danh gia viee i tuan thu cac quy dinh, cung nhff minh bach hda
trong danh gia thiet hai de thffc hien den bu bao hiem khi cd rui ro xay ra trong qua trinh nudi tdm the chan trang. Nhffng dieu kien can quan tam la:
Cd ndi de lang biin va xff ly trffdc khi xa thai; Cung cap ban ghi chep chi tie't ve cac benh nhiem khuan va cac bien phap xff ly; Dau tff cac dieu kien ve sinh trai nudi td't (cd nha ve sinh sach, thung rac, chau/bdn rffa tay, xa phdng, phdng kho); Cai dat camera giam sat; Xay dffng hang rao va cdng;
Dang ky phap ly eho cd sd trai nudi; Dat dffdc gia'y chffng nhan ve trai nudi.
3.5. De xudt cdc gidi phdp khuyen khich sU tham gia tU nguyen BH tom the chdn trang
Tff ke't qua nghien cffu de khuye'n khich hd nudi trdng thiiy san tham gia tff nguyen BH tdm the thi can xem xet cac giai phap sau:
3.5.1. Gidiphdp ve tuyen truyen, van dgng tham gia BH tom nuoi
Ke't qua phan tich md hinh hdi quy nhi thffc cho tha'y ye'u to' tham gia tap hua'n va tie'p can BH tdm nudi cd tac ddng de'n quye't dinh viec tham gia BH tdm ciia hp nudi tdm. Trong dd ye'u to tie'p can dffdc BH tdm nudi ed tac dpng Idn de'n xac sua't quye't dinh tham gia BH tdm cua hd. Do vay, de khuye'n khich hp tham gia BH tdm nudi tff nguyen thi cdng tac van ddng tuyen truyen la rat quan trpng. Sd' hd tham gia BH cang Idn thi kha nang lay thu (tff phi BH) de' ehi cho eae phi bdi thffdng khi eae hd xay ra riii ro.
Bao eao ciia UBND tinh Be'n Tre (2014) [3] da nhan dinh khi tdng ke't danh gia chffdng trinh thi diem BHNN giai doan 2011-2013 la ty le hp ndng dan, td chffc san xuat tham gia thi diem bao hiem cdn rat tha'p (ehi chie'm gan 29% tdng so ndng dan, td chffc san xua't tren dia ban thi diem bao hiem ndng nghiep) nen khdng dap ffng dffdc yeu cau la'y so ddng bu so It, ke't qua la doanh nghiep bao hiem bi Id qua Idn, din de'n chffdng trinh thi diem BHNN chffa dat hieu qua eao. Ke't qua khao sat cung eho tha'y nhffng hp khdng tham gia BH trong chffdng trinh thi diem vi khdng hie'u ve BH tdm nudi va hp khdng tha'y ldi ich gi tff mua BH tdm nudi. Do do, cdng tac tuyen truyen, van dpng la giai phap quan
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trpng de lam thay ddi nhan thffc, de tff dd thay ddi hanh vi dd'i vdi viee tham gia BH tdm nudi.
3.5.2. Gidiphdp ve chon ho tham gia BH torn nuoi Trong chinh sach BHNN thi nen xem xet eae hd nao du dieu kien tham gia BHNN mdi khuye'n khich tham gia. Dffa tren 22 dieu kien ma nhdm nghien cffu da de xua't, nha't la cac dieu kien lien quan de'n bao ve mdi trffdng va dieu kien lam viec cua ngffdi lao ddng. Ben canh do, theo ke't qua phan tich md hinh hdi quy nhi thffc eho tha'y khi dien tich nudi tdm the chan trang tang len thi xac sua't quye't dinh tham gia BH tang len. Dieu nay ham y rang khi van dpng eae hd tham gia BH tdm nudi can Iffu y hay ffu tien chpn va van ddng eae hd cd dien tich Idn, cac td hdp tae, hdp tac xa nudi tdm.
3.5.3. Gidi phdp ve mffc phi BH torn nuoi Ve mffc phi BHNN trong Chffdng tiinh thi diem do nha nffdc quy dinh, tuy nhien qua khao sat eho tha'y mffc phi BH ndng dan mong mud'n la tff 10%
de'n 15% tren tdng ehi phi theo tffng giai doan nudi.
Do dd mffc phi can xoay quanh hai gia tri nay thi kha nang tham gia BH cua hd nudi tdm the se nhieu hdn.
Ve giai doan mua BH cho tdm the chan trang eae hp nudi tdm the ed xu hffdng chpn tap trung d giai doan dffdi 40 ngay tudi va tff 40 de'n 60 ngay tudi.
3.5.4. Cdc chinh sdch ho tra cho hg nuoi tom ddu tUca sd vat chdt ddp ffng mgt sd dieu kien tham gia BH torn nuoi
Theo danh gia ciia UBND tinh Ben Tre (2014) [3] thi phan Idn eae hdp ddng tham gia bao hiem tdm ciia hp thupc dien ngheo, can ngheo va nhffng hd nudi theo quy md nhd nen ve dau tff xay dffng cac ed sd vat cha't nhff khu vffc xff ly ca'p, thoat, bdn thai, chffa dam bao tdt dieu kien tham gia BH, nen kha nang dieh benh va riii ro cao. Ke't qua khao sat ciing cho tha'y mdt sd dieu kien ma hd nudi tdm the chan trang chffa sfn sang dap ffng nhff: Cd ndi de lang biin va xff ly trffdc khi xa thai;
Cung cap ban ghi chep ehi tie't ve cac benh nhidm khuan va eae bien phap xff ly; Dau tff cac dieu kien ve sinh trai nudi td't (cd nha ve sinh sach, thiing rac, chau/bdn rffa tay, xa phdng, phdng kho);
Cai dat camera giam sat; Xay dffng hang rao va edng; Dang ky phap ly cho ed sd trai nudi; Dat dffdc giay chffng nhan ve trai nudi. Do dd, can cd:
(i) Chinh sach tin dung eho hp nudi tdm dau tff dieu kien ve sinh trai nudi, xay dffng hang rao va edng, lap dat camera quan sat.
(ii) Hd trd va hffdng dSn cac thu tuc phap ly cho ndng hp trong dang ky phap ly cho cd sd trai nuoi, cung nhff dat dffdc gia'y chffng nhan ve trai nuoi.
3.5.5. Gidi phdp ve cdi tien thu tuc tham gia va boi thudng
Ke't qua khao sat cho tha'y cac hd nudi torn cho rang quy trinh dang ky tham gia BH tdm, cung nhiT quy trinh bdi thffdng BH cdn phffc tap dd'i vdi ho.
Do dd, can cai tie'n cac thu tuc nay ddn gian de phil hdp hdn dieu kien van hda, xa hdi cua ho nuoi tdm hien nay. Dieu nay se gdp phan thiic day si/
tham gia BH tff nguyen cua hd nudi tdm the chan trang.
4. Ke't luSn va ki^'n nghi
Cac ye'u to cd anh hffdng de'n quye't dinh tham gia BH ciia hd nudi tdm the chan trang gdm co:
quy md dien tich nudi, tham gia tap hua'n, tiep can BH tdm nudi. Trong do ye'u td tie'p can dffdc BH tdm nudi cd tae dpng Idn de'n xac sua't quyet dinh tham gia BH tdm nudi cua hd, ke de'n la yeu tdtap hua'n va quy md dien tich nudi tdm the chan trang.
Danh gia ve chffdng trinh thi diem BHNN giai doan 2011-2013, cac hp tham gia cho rang: Ty le bdi thffdng thiet hai tha'p, phi bao hiem cao, quy trinh dang ky tham gia BH va quy trinh giai quyet bdi thffdng BH cdn phffc tap.
^M" sdn Idng dong phi BH: Da phan miJc phi tham gia BH ma hp nudi tdm the chan trang mong mud'n la 10% va 15% tren tdng ehi phi theo giai doan nudi, trong dd mffc phi de nghi phd bien la
15% tren tdng ehi phi theo giai doan nudi. Day la mffc phi can tham khao khi tai trie'n khai chifdng trinh BH trong nudi tdm the chan trang.
Mffc boi thudng BH: Mffc den bii ma dai da sdho nudi tdm de nghi la 100% thiet hai khi xay ra dich benh cho tdm nudi dffdi 40 ngay tudi; 61% so hg nudi tdm de nghi bdi thffdng BH la 60% khi xay ra dich benh cho tdm nudi dffdi 60 ngay tudi; miJc den bii 50%) thiet hai chie'm 91,8% sd hp de nghi khi xay ra dich benh cho tdm nudi dffdi 80 ngay tuoi.
Sff sdn Idng ddp ffng mgt sd dieu kien de tham gia BHNN: Cd 22 dieu kien nghien cffu dffdc dtfa ra, thi cd 13 dieu kien da sd hd san sang dap ling dffdc, va cd 9 dieu kien ndng hd chffa san sang dap ffng, trong dd can quan tam cac dieu kien nhii: Co ndi de lang bun va xff ly trffdc khi xa thai; Cung cap ban ghi chep chi tie't ve cac benh nhilm khuan va cac bien phap xff ly; Dau tff cac dieu kien ve
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T A I
CHiNH -
N G A N H A N G- BAO HIEM
sinh trai nudi td't; Cai dat camera giam sat; Xay Cai tie'n cac thu tuc, quy trinh, thu tuc tham difng hang rao va cdng; Dang ky phap ly cho cd sd gia va den bii trong BH tdm nudi.
trai nudi; Dat dffdc gia'y chffng nhan ve trai nudi. - Cd chinh sach tin dung cho cac hp de dau tff ed De khuye'n khich sff tham gia tff nguyen BH sd vat chat dam bao du va dung cac dieu kien tham torn nudi: gia BH tdm nudi.
Can tang cffdng cdng tae tuyen truyen van Tang cffdng edng tae tff van va hd trd trong dong sau rdng hdn ve BH tdm nudi. phdng tri va kiem soat dich benh cho eae hp tham
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Myriam Hadnes vd Kristina Czura (2014), Ddnh gid chuang trinh thi diim bdo hiim nudi trong thuy sdn ciia Chinhphd tgi tinh Cd Mau giai dogn 2011-2013. GIZchiu trdch nhiem ngi dung cua d'nphdm ndy. Dudi sff iiy quyin cm Bg Hgp tdc Kinh tivd Phdt triin Liin bang Dffc vd Bg Ngogi giao vd Thuang mgi Uc (DFAT).
2. Phan Dinh Khdi vd Qudch Vu Hiep (2014), Cdc nhdn tddnh hudng din quyit dinh tham gia bdo Mem Tdm nuoi cua ho ndng ddn tinh Bac Liiu, Tgp chi Khoa hgc TrUdng Dgi hgc Can Tha, sd35.
3. UBND tinh Bin Tre (2014), Bdo cdo tdng kit thuc Men thi diim Bdo hiim ndng nghiep giai dogn 2011-2013.
Ngay nhan bai: 11/10/2018
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va sufa chffa: 21/10/2018 Ngay chS'p nhSn dang bai: 31/10/2018
Thong tin tdc gid:
1. PGS.TS. NGUYEN THI KIM ANH Trffdng Dai hoc Nha Trang
2. PHUNG ANH THUC DOAN Trffdng Dai hoc Nha Trang
FACTORS IMPACTING THE PURCHASE DECISION OF SHRIMP INSURANCE AND THE WILLINGNESS TO PAY THE SHRIMP INSURANCE PREMIUM OF FARMING HOUSEHOLDS LIVING
IN BEN TRE PROVINCE
• Assoc.Prot Ph.D NGUYEN THI KIM ANH Nha Trang University
• PHUNG ANH THUC DOAN Nha Trang University
ABSTRACT:
By interviewing 135 white leg shrimp farming households Uving in An Due and Bao Thanh communes, (Ba Tri district, Ben Tre Province) and using the binary logistic regression, this paper is to analyze factors impacting the purchase decision of shrimp insurance. The study's results show that factors including the access to information of the shrimp insurance, the participation in the shrimp insurance training and the size of shrimp ponds have possitive correlation with the farming household's purchase decision of shrimp insurance. Moreover, the results also show the wiHingness to pay the shrimp insurance premium. Thereby, this paper proposes some solutions to encourage more farming households to voluntarily purchase the shrimp insurance in the coming time.
Keywords: Purchase decision, willingness to pay, insurance, white leg shrimp, Ben Tre Province.
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