KHOA HOC CdNG N<
CAC YEU TO AIXIH HUOIXIG DEIXI VIEC THAM GIA OAO TAO IXIGHE CLIA LAO DOIXIG IXIOIVG THOIXI TREIM
OlA BAIM HUYEIM KHAIMH VilMH, TiiVH KHAIMH HOA
Nguydn Thi Kim Anh^ KiM Xudn Khidm==
TOMTAT
Nghidn ciiu nay da phan tich cac yeu td anh hudng ddn vi6c tham gia hpc nghd cua lao dong ndng thdn tai huyen mien niii Khanh Vinh, tinh Khanh Hoa voi mo hinh Binary Logitics. Ket qua nghien cuu vdi 300 mdu khao sat tir lao dpng nong thon tai 03 xa cua huyen mifin mil Khanh Vinh cho thay cd 05 yeu td tac dpng co y nghia thdng ke len kha nang tham gia hoc nghe gdm: (0 hd tia dao tao nghe; (ii) khoang each tir nha den dia diem dao tao; (iii) trinh dp hoc van; (iv) tudi; (v) thu nhap. Ba ydu td khong cho thay tac dpng co y nghla thdng ke tiong nghien ciiu nay gom: (0 tu van hudng nghiep; (ii) nhan thuc loi ich; (iiO tinh trang vi^c lam.
Nghien ciiu de xuat cac goi y nham thiic day viec tham gia dao tao nghe ciia lao dpng ndng thon huyen midn nui Khanh Vinh, tinh Khanh Hoa gom: (1) tang cuong cac bien phap h6 tig cho lao dong ndng thdn tiong qua trinh hpc nghe va sau hoc ngh^; (2) hoan thien cong tac td chirc day nghe va trien khai tdt hoat dpng khuyen nong, khuyen cong ciia dia phuong; (3) lua chpn nganh nghe phii hpp vdi trinh dp hpc van ciia lao dpng nong thon tai dia phuong; (4) hd trp lao dpng n6ng thon thudc dien h6 ngheo, hp can ngheo va thu nhap thap dupe hpc nghe.
Tu khoa; Dao tao nghe, lao dong nong thdn, huyen IQianh Vinh, tinh Khanh Hoa.
1.0ATVAIUQE
Trong nhiing nam qua cdng tdc ddo tao nghe dupe Dang vd Nhd nude dae biet quan tam vd xem dd la nhidm vu quan trpng gdp phan phdt tnen kinh td - xa hdi. Chinh phu da ed nhidu ehu truong, chinh sach ddng vidn, khuyen khich vide hpc nghe cho ngudi lao ddng nhat la lao ddng vimg ndng tiidn, mien mii nhu Quyet dinh 81/2005/QD-Trg ngay 18/4/2005 ve hd tio day nghe ngdn han eho ngudi lao ddng; Quyet dinh 1956/2009/QD-Trg ve vide phe duyet dd an Dao tao nghe eho lao ddng ndng thdn den 2020 (gpi tdt la Dd an 1956) [1]. Tinh Khanh Hda ndi chung vd huydn Khdnh Vmh ndi rieng cung het siie quan tam den edng tdc ddo tao nghe. Huyen Khanh Vinh la huydn mien mii eua tinh Khanh Hda. Huyen Khdnh Vinh cd 5.413 hd ngheo (chiem ty le 61,3%), sd hd can ngheo la 450 (chiem ty le 5,1%), trong khi ty Id hd ngheo binh quan chung cua ca tinh la 9,68% [2]. Tdng lao ddng tham gia hoat dpng kinh te eua huydn la 19.123 ngudi, sd lao ddng qua dao tao la 4.516 ngudi, ty le lao ddng qua dao tao chidm 23,62%, ti-ong dd ty Id lao ddng qua dao tao nghe la 16,15% [3]. Trdn dia ban huyen
' Khoa Kinh ti, Trudng Dai hpc Nha Trang
^ Trudng Trung cdp ngh^ Dan tpc npi tni Khanh Vinh
cd Trudng Trung cap nghe Dan toe ndi tni Khanh Vinh ed the ddo tao bac trung cap va so cap nghd vdi nhidu nghe dao tao phu hpp vdi didu kidn kmh te - xa hdi eua dia phuong va nhan duoc su hd tra cua Nha nude tii Dd dn 1956 cua Chinh phii. Mac du vay, sd lao ddng chua qua ddo tao cdn khd Idn, eu thd la 14.595 ngudi [3]. Chinh vi vay, nghien ciiu "Cacydu td anh hudng den viec tham gia dao tao nghe cua lao ddng ndng thdn tren dia ban huyen Khanh Vinh, tinh Khanh Hda"\a rat can thidt. Nhdm ddnh gid thuc trang viec hpc nghd cua ngudi lao ddng tai dia phuong tiong thdi gian qua vd xdc dinh dupe cac yen td anh hudng ehu yeu den viec tham gia ddo tao nghe ciia lao ddng ndng thdn, tir do dd xuat nhung khuydn nghi nhdm thiic day viec tham gia ddo tao nghd, gdp phan nang cao thu nhap eho lao dpng ndng thdn tren dia ban huydn Khanh Vinh.
2. TONG qUAN LY THUYET VA CAC N G H I ^ CUU CO UEK qUAN
2.1. Ly thuydt ddo tao nghd cho lao ddng ndng thdn
Td chiie Lao ddng Qudc te (ILO) dmh nghia:
Dao tao nghe Id hoat ddng nhdm eung cap eho ngudi hpc nhiing ky nang edn thiet de thuc hien tat ca cde nhiem vu lien quan den edng vide, nghe nghiep duoc giao. Theo Luat Giao due nghe nghidp 2015 [9] "Dao
146 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2019
KHOA HOC CONG N G H £
tao nghe nghiep la hoat ddng day va hoc nhhn trang bi kien thtic, ky nang va thai do nghe nghiep can thiet cho ngudi hoc nghi de cd the tim duoc viec lam ho$c tir tao viec lam sau khi hoan thanh khoa hoc hoac dSnang cao trinh dd nghe nghidp".
Dao tao nghd eho lao ddng ndng thdn la qud tiinh ket hop giiia day nghd va hoc nghe, do la qua trinh giang vidn/giao vidn truydn bd nhung kien thiic ve ly thuyet va thue hanh de eho hpc vien cd mdt trinh dp, ky nang nhat dinh trong nghd nghidp ddp ling ydu cdu phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi d khu vuc ndng thdn.
2.2. Cde nghidn cuu ttii^c n g h i ^ cd Hdn quan Pham Diic Thudn vd Duong Ngpc Thanh [4] khi nghidn ciiu ddnh gid cde yeu td anh hudng den vide tham gia dao tao nghe cua lao dpng ndng thdn trdn dia bdn thdnh phd Can Tho dua ra ket qua cac ydu td nhu trinh dd hpc van, hd trp cua Nha nude, hen ket ciia nha tuyen dung vd noi ddo tao cd tac dpng true tiep den viec tham gia dao tao nghe ciia lao ddng ndng thdn.
Nguydn Cdng Todn va Bui Lan Anh [5] eho rdng, edc ydu td nhu trinh dd hpc van, thu nhap, su am hieu De dn 1956 vd nhan thiie loi ich tii hpc nghd cd anh hudng den hpc nghe ciia ngudi lao ddng.
Trong dd, nhan thue ciia ngudi lao dpng ed tdc dpng manh nhat den hpc nghe eiia ngudi lao ddng.
Truong Thi Ngpc Chi va Duong Ngpc Thanh [6]
cho rdng cae yeu td nhin tudi, hpc van, sd nhan khau, sd lao ddng ed vide lam, thu nhap binh quan vd chinh sdch cd tdc ddng true tiep den tham gia dao tao nghe cua lao ddng.
Phan Van Binh [7] khi nghien eiiu ddo dao nghd cho lao ddng ndng thdn huyen Didn Bdn, tinh Quang Nam dua ra nhiing ly luan co ban ve ddo dao nghe, lao ddng ndng thdn; 1dm rd thue tiang ddo tao nghe cho lao dpng ndng thdn va hoach dinh nhirng gidi phap nhdm phat trien dao tao nghe eho lao ddng ndng thdn huyen Dien Bdn - Quang Nam nhin hoan thien cdng tdc xdc dinh nhu cau ddo tao, chuong trinh dao tao; phdt tridn qui md cac co sd ddo tao, dao tao dpi ngu giao vien day nghd, hodn thien cdng tac danh gid kdt qua ddo tao.
Pham Bdo Duong [8] khi nghidn eiiu dinh hudng chinh sdch dao tao nghe cho lao ddng ndng thdn vdi cdch hep can he thdng cung eau da khai qudt thuc trang vd dmh hudng chinh sach ddo tao
nghd cho lao ddng ndng tiidn, dd la: Nha nudx: cdn quyet Bet tiien khai Chuong trinh muc tieu qudc gia dao tao nghe eho lao dpng ndng thdn va tien hanh chuan hda hd thdng ddo tao nghe, xa hdi hda cdng tac dao tao nghe, hoan thien vd phdt trien hd thdng dao tao nghd vdi nhiing md hinh day nghe phu hop.
3.PHUUNQPHAPnieHIBUCUU 3.1. Md hinh nghidn ciiu dd xudt
Md hinh xde dinh edc ydu td anh hudng ddn vide tham gia ddo tao nghe eua lao ddng ndng thdn huydn Khdnh Vinh dupe xay dung nhu sau:
TUOI
Trinh d? hoc van
Thunhapciiiiiigvoi lao dQng
DugcTuvMiiimg nghiep
\ H I ( - )
/
Tham gia
nghe H S H /
y^m.
Chinh sach bo tP7 dao tjongbl
Tinh liana ™o IJjn
y~.sm
\
Nh|n thuc Igi ich cua vice dao tao nghe
Khoimg each tit nha den dia diem dao lao
Hinh 1. M6 hinh nghidn ciiu \f thuydt Nguon: Xay dimg cua tac gia dua tren tdng quan ly thuyet nghien ciiu
Cae gia thuyet nghien eihi dupe xay dung de kiem dinh md hinh nghien cihi ly thuyet nhu sau:
Gia thuyet HI: Tuoi ctia lao ddng cd tac ddng am den kha nang tham gia hoc nghe cua lao ddng ndng thdn tai huyen Khanh Vinh.
Gia thuyet H2: Trinh do hoc van cua lao ddng ndng thdn cd tac dong duong den kha nang tham gia dao tao nghi cua lao ddng.
Gia thuyetH3: Thu nhap cua lao ddng ndng thdn cang cao thi kha nang tham gia hoc nghe cua lao ddng cang thap.
Gia thuyet H4: Lao dong ndng thdn tai huyen Khanh Vinh neu duoc tu van hoc nghe se cd kha nang tham gia hoc nghe cao hon lao ddng khdng duoc tu van.
Gia thuyet H5: Lao ddng duoc nhan hd trg- khi tham gia dao tao nghe cd kha nang tham gia hoc nghe cao hon lao ddng khdng nhan duoc ho tro.
Gia thuyet H6: Lao dong cd vide lam cd kha nang tham gia d^o tao nghe thap hon nhdng lao ddng khdng cd vide lam dn dinh.
Gia thuydt H7: Lao ddng nhan thue duoc loi ich cua viec hoc nghe cd kha nang tham gia dao tao
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 -THANG 1/2019 147
KHOA HOC CdNG NGI
nghe cao hm lao ddng khong nhan thuc duoc loi ich cia viecbocnghe.
Gii thuySt H8: Khoang each tii noi a den cac truong nghe cang xa thi xac suat lao dong tham gia hoc nghS cang thap.
TT Tdn bien Tham gia dao tao nghd(Y)
Didn gidi Ngudn tham khao Don vi do ludng Tuong quan Bien phu thudc, nhan gia tii 1 neu lao ddng tham gia dao tao nghd, nhan gia tri 0 ndu lao dpng khdng tham gia dao tao nghe
Bien dde lap 1
2
3
4
5 6
7
8 Tudi (XI)
Trinh dd hoe van(X2) Thu nhap cua ngirdi lao ddng (X3) Tu van/hudng nghiep ve dao tao nghe CX4) Chinh sdch hd trp ddo tao nghd (X5) Tinh trang vide 1dm Nhan thiic lpi ich ciia viec dao tao nghd (XT) Khoang cdch tir nhd ddn dia diem ddo tao (X8)
Tudi ciia ngudi lao ddng tmh den thdi diem nghien eiiu (nam)
Trinh dp hpc van eua ngudi lao ddng tinh den thdi diem nghidn cuu (sd lop) Tdng thu nhap tii cac ngudn khde nhau ciia ngudi lao ddng (tneu ddng/nam) Lao ddng nhan dupe su tu van ve ddo tao nghe, hudng nghiep Chinh sdch hd trp ddo tao nghe tii chinh quyen dia phuong Tinih trang vide lam ciia lao ddng Nhan thiic cua ngudi lao dpng ve lpi ich eiia dao tao nghd Khoang each giao thdng tir noi d eua lao ddng ddn cac trudng nghe
Pham Due Thudn vd Duong Ngpc Thanh (2015);
Nguydn Cdng Todn vd Bui Lan Anh (2014) Pham Diic Thudn va Duong Ngpc Thanh (2015) Nguydn Cdng Toan va Bui Lan Anh (2014) Nguydn Cdng Todn va Biii Lan Anh (2014) Nguydn Cdng Todn va Bid Lan Anh (2014) Kdt qua thao luan nhdm chuydn gia va ngudi lao ddng
Pham Diie Thudn vd Duong Ngpc Thanh (2015) Nguyen Cdng Todn va Bin Lan Anh (2014)
Kdt qua thao luan nhdm chuydn gia vd ngudi lao dpng
Nam
Nam
Trieu ddng/nam Bien gid (1: dupe tu van; 0: khdng dupe tu van)
Bidn gid. (1: dupe hd trp; 0 : ndu khdng duoc hd tro) Bidn gid. (1: cd vide;
0: khdng cd vide Bien gia. (1: ed nhdn thiic diing ve lpi ich eua viec hpc nghd va gia tii 0 neu nguoc lai km
-H
-1-
+
\
Nguon: Tdng hop cua tac gia 3.2. Dir hdu nghidn ciiu
Thdng tin thii cap dupe thu thap tii cde dd tai nghidn eiiu trudc cd Hdn quan, cac sd heu thdng ke eua UBND huyen Khdnh Vinh, Sd Lao ddng - TB &
XH tinh Khanh Hda, Phdng Lao ddng - TB & XH huyen Khanh Vinh va Trudng Trung cap nghd Dan tdc ndi tiii Khdnh Vmh.
Thdng tin so cap dupe thu thap ttr ngudn didu ti-a, khao sdt thuc dia cua phdng van vien. Theo
Tabachniek & Fidell [10] de phan tich hoi quy dat dupe ket qua tdt nhat vdi dii Hdu la dang sd Ueu cheo (cross-sectional data) thi quy md mdu phai thda man edng thiic n > 50 -n 8k (vdi k la sd bien dde lap trong md hinh). Nghien ciiu nay cd tdng cdng la 8 bien ddc lap nen sd lupng mdu tdi thi^u can thiet cho phan tieh hdi quy la: n = 50 -i- 8*8 =114 mdu. Tuy nhidn, de gia tang dp tin eay khi ude lupng da tien hanh dieu tra 300 mdu. Phuong phdp ehpn mdu phi xac suat dupe lua ehpn vi phu hpp vdi khd nang tiep can ddi
148 NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 -THANG 1/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE tuong phdng van. Ky thuat chpn mdu theo dinh miie
vdi thudc tinh kidm soat la dp tuoi dudi 35 tudi vd hpc van tdi da Id bac trung hpc phd thdng dupe dp dung, vi nghidn ciiu cho rdng lao ddng ndng thdn tir 35 tudi tid len vdi trinh dp hoc van thap edng vdi tudi cao sd khd tiep tiiu cde kidn thiic vd it cd ddng luc hpc hdi.
Bdn canh dd, nhiing ngudi hoc trdn bae trung hpe phd thdng thudng da dupe ddo tao nghd hoac hpc dai hpc va cd vide 1dm tuong ddi dn dinh ndn hp ciing khdng cd ddng luc tham gia ddo tao nghe tai dia phuong.
Phdng van vidn diing bang cau hdi nghidn eiiu, phdng van true tidp ngudi tham gia lop ddo tao nghe va ngudi khdng tham gia Idp dao tao nghd cho LDNT tai 3 xa Khanh Trung, Khdnh Ddng, Khanh Thupng cua huyen Khanh Vinh, tinh Khanh Hda. Ba xa ndu tidn dupe lua chpn vi la 3 xa ed dan eu ddng, ngudi dan nam trong dd tuoi lao dpng nhieu va ngudi dan tdc thieu sd chiem da sd (ddi tupng dupe hudng chinh sdch trong De an 1956), trong dd hao gdm 157 LDNT cd tham gia dao tao nghe va 143 U)NT khdng tham gia dao tao nghd. Thdi gian thu thap sd Ueu so cap tij tiiang 8 nam 2017 ddn thdng 10 nam 2017.
3.3. Phuong phdp phan tich
Md hinh hdi quy Bmary Logistic dupe su dung de tim ra nhiing nhan td kmh te - xa hpi cd tdc ddng ddn kha nang tham gia hpe nghe eiia lao ddng ndng tiidn.
Md hmh de xudt: Ln [P(Y=1)/P(Y=0)J - pg + Trong dd:
Y Id bien phu thudc, the hien vide tham gia ddo tao nghe cua ngudi lao ddng ndng thdn, la mdt bien nhi phan, nhan gid tri 1 ndu ngudi lao ddng ed tham gia ddo tao nghe va nhan gid tii 0 neu ngudi lao ddng khdng tham gia ddo tao nghd.
Cde bidn: Xi la edc bidn ddc lap (bidn giai thieh) trong md hinh, cu the:
(2)
XI: Tudi; X2: Trmh dp hpc van; X3: Thu nhap ciia ngudi lao ddng; X4: Tu van/hudng nghiep ve dao tao nghe; X5: Chinh sdch hd trp ddo tao nghd; X6:
Tinh ti-ang viec lam; X7: Nhan thiie lpi ich ciia vide dao tao nghd; X8: Khoang edeh tii nhd den dia diem ddo tao.
Ui: nhidu ngdu nhien
Sau khi udc lupng md hmh (1), edng thiic sau ddy dupe su dung de tmh he sd tac ddng bien eua tiing yeu td Idn su thay ddi xdc suat tham gia dao tao nghd cua lao ddng ndng thdn tai huyen Khdnh Vinh:
dY
JP{y = l\X)
dX dx,
Phdn mem dupe su dung eho phan tich dii Udu la phdn mem STATA 14.0
4 . K ^ qUA NGHIEN CIRI 4.1. Kdt qua thdng kd md ta
Ket qua thdng ke md ta tai bang 2 eho thay tuoi cda lao ddng thap nhat trong mdu Id 14 tudi va cao nhat Id 35 tudi, dp tudi trung bmh eiia ngudi dupe khdo sat la 23 tudi; dd lech chuan Id 5,9 cho thay tudi cua lao ddng trong mdu nghien eiiu khdng tap tiung vao mdt nhdm nhat dinh.
Trinh dp hpc vdn ciia lao ddng trong mdu nghien ciiu eho thdy trong nhung lao ddng dupe khao sat, trinh dp hpc van la kha thap vdi thdi gian di hpc trung binh chi gdn 5 nam (tuong duong h^c tieu hpe), dp lech ehuan eiia trinh dp hpc van chi Id 1,9 eho thay phdn Idn lao ddng trong mdu khao sat ed thdi gian di hpe rat it Bdn canh do, cd nhidu lao ddng khdng dupe den trudng hpe, ngudi ed sd nam di hpc nhieu nhat la 12 nam. Lao ddng trong mdu khao sat cd trinh dp hpe van kha thap va se tao ra nhiing trd ngai rat Idn tiong vide dao tao nghe vd giai quydt vide lam eho lao ddng tai dia phuong.
BanR 2. C^c thonK k6 v^ dae di^m nhSn kh^u hgc cua mlu UKhifen cuu Chi tieu
Tudi Hoc van Thu nhap Khoang each
Don vi tinh Nam Nam di hoc Nghin dong
Km
Gia tri nho nhat
14 0 600
1
Gia tii cao nhat
35 12 7.500
31
Tmng binh 23,1 4,69 3.110,67
13,3
Do lech chuan
5,97 1,93 1.344,91
5,88 (Ngudn: tinh tu dir heu khao sat cua nghien cuu. 2017)
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2019 149
KHOA HOC CONG NG.
Thu nhap ciia lao ddng trong mdu khao sat trung binh vdi miie 3,1 trieu ddng/ngudi/thang, dp lech chuan la 1,3 cho thdy thu nhap cua lao dpng d dia phuong la tuong ddi thap. Thu nhap cao nhat cua lao ddng trong mdu khao sat la 7,7 trieu ddng/thang, trong khi thu nhap thdp nhat la 0,6 trieu ddng/thang.
Khoang each trung binh tir noi d ciia lao ddng dupe khao sdt den ti-udng nghe cua huyen Khanh Vinh la 13,3 km vdi dp lech chuan la 5,88 cho thay phan Idn ngudi dupe khao sdt trong mdu d xa trudng nghe. Khoang each xa nhat tir noi d eua lao ddng den trudng nghd ti-ong mdu khao sat la 31 km. Ket qua ndy cho thay rdng lao dpng se gap khd khan khi di hoc nghe tai trudng day nghd va ket qua nay ciing phan dnh dung dae diem dia ly cua huydn mien mii Khdnh Vinh, noi ma ngudi dan sdng rai rac d nhidu dia bdn khac nhau.
Bang 3. Cde thdng kd vd dae didm nhan khdu hpc
duoc khao sdt khdng nhan dupe su hd trp dd tham gia hpc nghe.
Phdn Idn ngudi dupe khao sat cho biet ho dang cd cdng an viec lam vdi fy le gan 69% mdu nghidn ciiu vd ehi cd khoang hon 30% sd ngudi dupe hdi cho bidt hp dang khdng cd edng an vide 1dm on dinh tai thdi didm nghien ciiu. Trong sd nhimg ngudi duoc hdi cd ban mdt niia sd ngudi eho bidt hp tiing tham gia hpc nghd (157 ngudi, chiem 52,3%).
4.2. Kdt qua udc lupng cde ydu t6 anh hudng d &
khd nang tham gia hpc ngh^ c i a lao ddng ndng thdn tai huydn Khdnh Vmh
Phan ti'ch hdi qui
Ket qua phan tich dupe trinh bay d bang 4.
Bang 4. Kdt qua tide lupng
Chi tieu l ^ a n dugc tu
van huong nghifip Nhan duoe h6 trg hoe
ngh^
Nhan thue duoc loi ich cua hoc ngh^
Tmh trang viec lam Tham gia dao
tao nghe Co Khong
Tong Co Khong
Tong Co Khong
Tong Co Khong
Tong Co Khong
Tong
So luong (nguoi)
107 193 300 41 259 300 199 101 300 206 94 300 157 143 300
Ty le (%) 35,67 64,33 100 13,67 86,33 100 66,33 33,67 100 68,67 31,33 100 52,33 47,67 100 Ngudn: tmh tu duhdu khao sat ctia nghidn cdu, 2017
Ddi vdi hoat ddng hudng nghiep, chi khoang 36%
sd ngudi dupe khao sat cho biet hp nhan dupe edc hoat ddng tu van hudng nghidp cua dia phuong va cd den 64% sd ngudi trong mdu chua biet den cae hoat ddng hudng nghiep. Dang chu y hon, chi ed 41 ngudi dupe hdi eho biet hp da nhan duoc hd trp cua Nhd nude cho hoat ddng hpc nghe ciia minh, chiem khoang 14% mdu khao sat. Nhu vay, phdn Idn ngudi
Cae bien Hang so Tuoi Trinh do hoc van Thu nhap Tu van huong nghiep Ho tro dao tao nghe Nhan tfaiie loi ich Tinh trang viec lam Khoang each tir nha den dia diem dao tao LRchi2(8) Prob>chi2 Pseudo R2 Log likelihood
He so h6i qui -2,3721 -0,0512 0,2274 -0,0011 0,8808 2,3401 0,8629 -0,4649 -0,4010
PvaJue
0,098 0,089 0,017 0,000 0,122 0,003 0,295 0,613 0,000 219,38 0,0000 0,5283 -97,9292
Nguon: Tinh toan cua tac gia tii dQ lieu nghitn cm, 2017
Cae he so tac dong bien cua cac yen to trong mo hinh len bien phu thuoc xac suat tham gia dao tao nghi ciia lao dong nong thon tai huyen Khanh Vinh dugc xac dinh 6 bang 5.
Ket qua uoc luong mo hinh eho thay co 5 trSn tong sd 8 yeu to tac dong co y nghia thdng ke a miic y nghia 10% hoac thap hon len xac suat tham gia dao tao nghe ciia lao dong nong thon tai huyen Khanh vmh gom: (i) tuoi; (ii) trinh d6 hoc van; (ill) thu nhap; (iv) h6 trg dao tao nghe; va (v) khoang each tir nha den dia diem dao tao.
150 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Bang 5. TAc ddng bi6n cua cic y^u t6 d^n dfii x i c suit tham gia d4o tao ngh<
Cac bi^n Tuoi Trinh do hoc van Thu nhap T i r v ^ hirong nghiep Ho trg dao t^o ngh^
Nhan thiic loi ieh Tinh trang vi§e lam Khoang each tir nha den dia diem dao tao
He so hoi qui -0,0512 0,2274 -0,0011 0,8808 23,401 0,8629 -0,4649 -0,4010
HSsd tac dong
bien -0,0052 0,0230 -0,0001 0,0891 0,2367 0,0873 -0,0470 -0,0406
si; thay
Pvalue 0,083 0,014 0,000 0,115 0,002 2,293 0,613 0,000 Ngudn: Tmh toan cua tac gia td du heu nghidn cuu. 2017
Tuoi cua lao ddng: Ndu tudi eua lao ddng tang len 1 tudi thi xac sudt tham gia hpc nghe eua lao ddng ndng thdn tai huyen Khanh Vinh se giam di 0,52% tiong dieu kien eac yeu td khae khdng ddi. Do do, gid thuyet nghien ciiu HI dupe chdp nhan. Ket qud ndy eho ta ngu y rdng, neu chinh quyen dia phuong mudn tdc dpng de ngudi dan tieh cue hpc nghd thi tap trung vao nhdm ngudi tie tuoi.
Trinh do hoc ra/?; Trinh dp hpe van cua lao ddng dupe do ludng bdng sd nam di hpc, mau nghien ciiu dupe gidi han trinh dp hoe van tdi da la 12 nam nhu da trinh hay. Do dd, gia thuyet nghien emi H2 duoc chap nhan. Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay ndu sd nam di hoc ciia lao ddng tang Idn 1 nam thi xde sudt lao ddng tham gia hpe nghd se tang Idn 2,3% trong dieu kidn cac yeu td khae khdng ddi. Ket qua nay eho ta ngu y rang ndu mudn thu hiit lao ddng ndng thdn hpc nghe tiii can tap trung vao nhdm lao dpng cd trinh dd trung hpe phd thdng hoac tnmg hpe co sd.
Thu nhap.^eu thu nhap cua lao ddng tang len 1 nghin ddng/thdng thi xdc suat tham gia hoe nghe ciia lao ddng ndng thdn tai huydn Khdnh Vinh se gidm di 0,01% trong dieu kien ede ydu td khde khdng ddi. Do dd, gid thuyet nghien ciiu H3 dupe chap nhan. Day la miic dp tac ddng khdng rd rdt, kdt qua nay cd the duoc gidi thieh do thu nhap eua lao ddng tiong mdu nghien ciiu khdng cd qua nhidu su khde biet, trong do miic thu nhap cao nhat chi la 7.500 nghin ddng/thdng, cdn miie trung hinh la 3.100 nghin ddng/tiidng vdi dp lech chuan la 1,344.
Hd tro dao tao nghi: Ket qua nghidn ciiu cho thay, neu lao ddng ndng thdn tai huyen Khanh Vinh dupe hd ti-p trong qua trinh ddo tao nghe thi xde suat hp tham gia gia dao tao cao hon ngudi khdng dupe hd trp la 23,67% vdi dieu kidn cae yeu td khac khdng ddi. Do dd, gia thuyet nghien ciiu H5 dupe chap nhan. Kdt qua nay cho ta ngu y rdng, lao ddng ndng thdn tai Khanh Vinh se tham gia ddo tao nghe ndu hp nhan dupe edc chinh sach hd tip.
Khoang each tunha den dia diem dao tao: Neu khoang each tir nhd ciia lao ddng den dia diem hoc nghe tang len 1 km thi xdc sudt tham gia hoe nghe eua lao ddng ndng thdn tai huyen Khanh Vinh se giam di 4,06% trong didu kidn cac ydu td khac khdng ddi. Do do, gid thuyet nghien eiiu H8 dupe chap nhan. Ket qud nay eho thay rdng, ndu nhd cang xa trudng nghe thi lao dpng cang it cd ddng luc tham gia hpe nghe.
Cd 03 yeu td ed mdi tuong quan diing vdi ky vpng nghien ciiu nhung chua cho thay nhiing tdc ddng ndy cd y nghia thdng ke d miic y nghia 10%
hoac thap hon trong nghien ciiu nay gdm: (1) tu van htrdng nghidp; (2) nhan thiic loi ich; (3) tinh trang vide 1dm.
Tu vmi hudng nghiep: ed mdi tuong quan thuan vdi xac sudt lao ddng tham gia ddo tao nghd, nhung khdng ed y nghia thdng ke d miic y nghia 10%. Do do, chua du dieu kidn de chap nhan gia thuyet nghien ciiu H4. Cd the dupe giai thich rdng ede lao ddng khdng danh gia cao su tu van hudng nghiep cua chinh quyen dia phuong cung nhu tnrdng day nghe, hoac lao ddng ddng tai dia phuong khdng nhan dupe su tu van hudng nghidp
Tinh trang viec lam cua lao ddng: cd tac ddng am len xac suat tham gia hpe nghe nhung khdng cd y nghla thdng ke d miie y nghla 10%. Do do, chua du dieu kien de chap nhan gia thuyet nghien clhi H6.
Ket qua nay cd the dupe giai thich do lao ddng du da ed vide lam nhimg hp vdn mudn hpc mdt nghe khde dd ed edng vide tdt hon tiong tuong lai. Kdt qua khao sat da tiinh bay d tren ciing cd the minh ehiing eho ket qua ndy khi ed den gdn 67% ngudi dupe hoi cd vide lam, nhung sd ngudi chua tham gia ddo tao nghd chi chiem hon 47% mdu khao sat.
Nhan thdc loi ieh cua viec dao tao nghi: ed tac ddng duong len xac suat tham gia hpc nghd nhung khdng ed y nghia thdng ke d miie y nghla 10%. Do NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 -THANG 1/2019 151
KHOA HOC CONG NG
d d , c h u a d u d i e u k i e n d e c h a p n h a n g i a t h u y d t n g h i e n eiiu H 7 . K e t q u a n d y cd t h ^ d u p e giai t h i c h n h i e u n g u d i c h o r d n g vide di h p c n g h d Id cd ieh lpi n h i m g c d t h e h o e n g h d x o n g v d n k h d n g t i m d u p e v i d e l a m p h u h p p vdi n g d n h n g h e d a o t a o n e n h p k h d n g t h a m gia h o e n g h e . K e t q u a k h a o s a t d u p e t r i n h b a y d t r e n c u n g e h o t h a y n h a n d i n h t u o n g t u k h i e d tdi 66,33% n g u d i d u p e h d i c h o r d n g h p c n g h e Id cd lpi e h o b a n t h a n h p , n h u n g c h i cd k h o a n g 52%
sd n g u d i t r o n g m d u k h a o s a t c h o b i e t h o t i m g t h a m g i a h p e n g h e .
4.KErLUMIVAKIBUNGHI
N g h i d n ciiu d a p h a n tich c a c y d u td a n h h u d n g tdi k h a n a n g t h a m g i a h p e n g h e e u a lao d d n g n d n g t h d n tai h u y d n K h a n h V m h , tinh K h a n h H d a vdi m d h m h B i n a r y Logitics. K e t q u a n g h i e n ciiu vdi 300 m d u k h a o s a t tir lao d d n g n d n g t h d n tai 0 3 x a ciia h u y e n K h a n h V i n h c h o t h a y ed 0 5 y e u td tdc d d n g cd y n g h l a t h d n g k d len k h a n a n g t h a m gia ddo tao n g h d g d m : (i) h d t r p d a o t a o n g h d ; (u) k h o a n g e a c h tir n h a d d n dia d i d m d d o t a o ; (Ui) t r i n h d p h p e vdn; (iv) tudi;
(v) t h u n h a p . Vdi k e t q u a n g h i e n c u u nay, ed 0 5 g i a t h u y e t n g h i e n ciiu d u o c c h a p n h a n Id H I , H 2 , H 3 , H 5 v a H 8 . T i r n h i m g k e t q u a p h a n tich d i n h tinh v a d i n h l u p n g , d a d u a r a c a c d e x u a t sau:
Tang cudng cac bien phap hd tro cho lao ddng nong thdn trong qua trinh hoc nghe va sau hoc nghe TTiii nhdt, can xay d u n g m d t n g u d n n g a n sach d n djnh d e h d t r p ngudi lao d d n g t h a m gia h p c n g h d .
T h i i h a i , n g u d n n g a n s a c h p h a i d u p e q u a n ly b d i e o q u a n c a p h u y e n (vi d u P h d n g L a o d p n g - T h u o n g b i n h v a Xa hdi) dd p h a n b d k i p t h d i c h o n g u d i l a o d d n g k h i h p c n g h d .
T h u h a , n a n g c a o m t i c k i n h p h i h d t r p ddo t a o . T h i i tu, c a n cd c h i n h s d c h h d t r p v i e c l a m c h o n g u d i l a o d d n g s a u k h i h p c n g h e .
Bdn canh dd, cac Sd, nganh hen quan va cac co so dao tao nghd can hoan thien cdng tac td chue day nghe va tiien khai tdt hoat ddng khuydn ndng, khuyen edng cua dia phuong
K e t q u a n g h i e n ciiu c h o t h a y , lao d p n g n d n g t h d n t r e n dia b a n h u y e n K h d n h V i n h it t h a m gia h p e n g h d vi k h o a n g e d e h tir n h d d e n t r u d n g ddo tao n g h e q u a x a . Vi vay, d e t h u hiit lao d d n g n d n g t h d n tiiam g i a h o e n g h d thi e a c tiordng n g h e c a n p h a i x a y d u n g k y tiie x a e h o h p c v i e n . C d n g tdc d a o tao n g h e eiing
ed t h e d u p e td c h u e tai c a c x a h o a c t h e o c u m xa n h d m g i a m t h i e u v i e c d i lai c h o n g u d i lao d d n g . C d n g t a c k h u y e n n d n g , k h u y e n e d n g c u a d i a p h u o n g can l o n g g h e p c a c b o a t d d n g d a y n g h e , h u d n g n g h i e p e h o n g u d i d a n , n h a t l a n g u d i d a n t d c t h i e u sd.
Ngoai ra, eac co quan chue nang. cac co sd ^o tao can lira chon nganh nghe phii hop vdi trinh do hoe vdn cua lao ddng tai dia phuong
M u d n tiuic d a y n g u d i d a n t h a m g i a h p c n g h e tiii c d n e h u t r p n g tac d d n g vao n h d m lao d d n g cd t r i n h dp h p e vdn (tdt n g h i e p t r u n g h p e p h d t h d n g va tiung h p e e a sd) vd l u a e h p n c d e n g a n h n g h e p h u h p p vdi d a e d i e m s a n x u d t k i n h t e tai dia p h u o n g .
Ho do lao ddng thudc didn hd ngheo, ho can ngheo, va thu nhap diap dime hoc nghi
M d t b o a t d p n g r a t c a n t h i e t t r o n g v i d e t h u hiit lao d d n g h p e n g h e la h d t r p e h o l a o d d n g d e d e hd n g h e o , can n g h e o va t h u n h a p t h d p c a c k h o a n h p c phi, sinh h o a t phi tiong q u d t r i n h dao tao.
Till LEU THAM KHAO
1. Tliii tirong C h m h p h u (2009). Quyet dinh 1956/QD-TTg ngay 27/11/2009 phe duyet DS an
T)ao tao nghe cho lao ddng ndng thon ddn nam 2020".
2. U B N D h u y e n K h d n h V i n h (2016). Bao cao kinh te- xa hdinMm 2016. K h a n h V i n h .
3. U B N D h u y e n K h a n h V i n h (2016). Bao cao Tiinh te-xahoinam 2015. K h a n h V i n h .
4. P h a m Diic T h u d n , D u o n g N g p c T h a n h (2015).
D d n h gid c a c y e u td a n h h u d n g d e n viec tfiam gia dao tao n g h d c u a lao d p n g n d n g t h d n t r e n dia b a n t h d n h p h d Cdn T h o . Tap chi Khoa hoc - Tnrdng Dai hoc (^
Tho, sd 40, ti-ang 8 ^ 1 .
5. N g u y d n C d n g T o a n , Bid Lan A n h (2014). H i a n tich c a e yeu td a n h h u d n g d e n h p c n g h e c u a n g u d i lao d d n g tai x a Tlidi Son, h u y e n T i n h Bien, t i n h A n Giang.
Tap ehi Khoa hoe - Trmmg Dai hoc Can Tho, sd 34, tiang 93-102.
6. T n r o n g T h i N g p c C h i vd D u o n g N g p c T l i a n h (2012). Danh gia lire luong lao ddng ndng thdn va di xuat giai phap dao tao nghi cho lao ddng ndng thdn thanh phd Can Tho. S o K h o a h p c v a C d n g n g h e t i n h Cdn T l i o - D e tdi n g h i e n eiiu k h o a h o c c a p t i n h .
7. P h a n Van B m h (2012). Dao dao nghe cho lao ddng ndng thdn huyen Dien Ban - tinh Quang Nam.
152 NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2019
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Luan van thac a kmh td. Trudng Dai hpe Kmh td Da 9. Qudc hdi (2014). Luat Giao due Nghd nghiep, Ndng. Hd Ndi.
8. Pham Bao Duong (2011). Dinh huong chinh 10. Tabachniek, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007).
sdch dao tao nghd cho lao ddng ndng thdn. Tap chi Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA, . Khoa hoc va Phat trien, sd 4, trang 672 - 679. AUyn & Bacon/Pearson Education.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PARTICIPATION IN THE VOCATIONALTRAINING OF RURAL LABORS IN KHANH VINH DISTRICT, KHANH HOA PROVINCE
Nguyen Thi Kim Anh, Kieu Xuan Khiem Summary
The study analyzes the fectors affecting the participation into vocational tiaining of rural labors in Khanh Vinh mountain distnct, Khanh Hoa province with the Binary Logistic model. With 300 samples in the 03 communes of Khanh Vinh district, the results show that there are five statisticaUy significant impacts on the attainment of the vocational training: (i) supported policies for vocational training; (ii) distance trom home to vocational tiainmg school; (lu) education; (iv) age; (v) income. Three factors that did not show statistically significant effects in this study are; (i) career counseling; (ii) recogniUon of the benefits of apprenticeship; (iiO employment status, Solutions to promote vocational training of rural labors in Khanh Vuih mountain distnct, Khanh Hoa provmce are proposed including: (1) strengthening measures to support rural labors dunng vocational training and after training; (2) improving the organization of vocational training and well implementation of the agricultural and industrial extension activities; (3) selecting suitable programs to the education level of local labors; (4) supporting poor, near poor and low income labors to participate in the vocational training.
Keywords: Vocational training, rural labor, IQianh Vinh district, Khanh Hoa province.
Ngudi phan bidn: PGS.TS. Trdn Tidn Khai Ngdy nhan bdi: 01/6/2018
Ngay thdng qua phan hi^n: 02/7/2018 Ngay duydt dSng: 9/7/2018
NONG NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2019 153
