Cac nhan to' anh hu'dng den quyet djnh tham gia BHXH tl/ nguyen cua ngu'di lao dong tren dia ban TP. Tra Vinh
NGCIYEN H6NG HA' NGUYEM TH| TRUC LINH"
Tom t^t
Nghiin cffu cdc nhdn to'dnh hudng den quyet dinh tham gia bdo hiem xa hgi (BHXH) tu nguyen cua ngudi lao dgng (NLD) trin dia bdn TP. Trd Vinh. Thdng qua khdo sdt 300 NLD trin dia bdn TP. Trd Vinh, sff dung phuang phdp hdi quy da bie'n, nghiin cdu dd tim ra duac 09 nhdn to dnh hudng de'n quye't dinh iham gia BHXH tu nguyen cua NLD tren dia bdn TP. Trd Vinh, nhU: Nhdn thffc ye an sinh xa hgi (ASXH); Thdi do cua NLD;
Hidu bii't ve BHXH tU nguyen cua NLD; Anh hu'dng xd hoi cua BHXH tu nguyen; Thu nhgp; Truyen thong; Chinh sdch BHXH TU nguyen: Y ihdc sffc khoe khi ve gid; vd Trdch nhiim dao ly. Tu: do, dd de xudl cdc hdm y chinh sdch ndng cao sU tham gia BHXH tu nguyen cua NLD thdi gian tdi trin dia bdn gop phdn ddm bdo ASXH cho NLD khi di'n ludi nghi huu.
Ttf khoa: quyi't dinh, BHXH tu nguyin, ngudi lao dgng, TP. Trd Vinh, an sinh xa hgi Summary
The paper examines factors affecting decision to participate in voluntary social insurance of employees in Tra Vinh city. Through a survey of 300 employees in the city, using the multivariate regression method, the study clarifies nine factors affecting their decision, including Awareness of social security; Attitudes of employees; Employees' understanding of voluntary social insurance; Social influence of voluntary social insurance; Income;
Communications; Policy on voluntary social insurance; Health consciousness when getting older; and Moral responsibility. From the findings, policy implications are proposed lo improve the aforementioned participation of employees in the city so as to ensure social security for employees when they retire
Keywords: decision, voluntary social insurance, workers, Tra Vinh city, social security
Gl6l THIEU dinh, se dtfdc htfdng Itfdng btfu, gop pban bao dam cugc sd'ng khi ve gia,
BHXH d ntfdc ta la mdt trong nhtfng Ttf khi trien khai thtfc hien BHXH ttf nguydn nam chinh sach ldn trong he thdng ASXH 2008, linh ddn cudi nam 2018, TP. Tra Vinh cd 203 Clia Dang va Nha ntfdc. Ben canh ngtfdi tham gia, chiem 0,34% tdng sd ngtfdi trong dd BHXH bat buoc, BHXH ttf nguyen co ludi lao ddng, irong do bao gdm nhtfng ngtfdi da cd hieu life ttf ngay 01/01/2008, md ra cd ihdi gian cdng tac tham gia BHXH bat budc mudn hdichonhffngNLD ttf do tham gia ddng ddng them de dii dieu kien htfdng chd dd btfu tri. Sd BHXH. Tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen, nay cdn qua nho so vdi tiem nang va ky vong cua NLD ttf do cd thu nhap ihap, khdng dn nganh chtfc nang. Nguyen nhan lien quan den nhieu
• TS., Trtfdng Dai hoc Tra Vinh
•' Bao hiem Xa hoi tinh Tra Vinh
Ngdy nlidn bdi- 28/09/2019; Ngdy phdn bien. 10/10/2019; Ngdv duyel ddng: 18/10/2019
BANG 1: TONG H0P HE SO CRONBACH S ALPH.^
CUA cAC NHAN TO SAG PHAN TICH EFA
STT 1
Nhan 16" se" Itfdng bid'n quan sal
Cronbach's Alidia
N'hiiiihLi. ^e ASXH ' f^ 0.819 2 'TP..! J • cuaNLD
3 HaL'r-Ci-.t BHXH-,'-^.>en dia NLD 4
5 6 7 8 9
Anh hirung xa hoi cua BHXH tU ngu\en Thu nhap
Truyen ihong Chinh sach BHXH iUngu\en Y thiJc trach nhiem cua NLD Quyet dinh tham gia BHXH lif ngu>en
J 0.795 4
3 5
-
5 8 4
0.534 0.77:
0.838 0.816 0.822 0.903 0.84"
van d^, nhl/: trinh do hgc van. nhan Ihrfc xa hgi, \ iec lam bap benh. thu nhap thap... Trf dg. NLD chrfa xem BHXH la mgt nhu can cap thiet.
PHaONC PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
T^ng quan nghifen ciju
NguySn Ngoc Thu Thao (20171 da khao sat 360 mau. vdl phrfdng phap nghien crfu dinh Irfdng. sau khi kiem dinh mo hinh b'ang each phan tich trfong quan.
phan tich h6i quy. tac gia da chi ra co 7 nhan to anh hrfdng den qu> et dinh tham gia BHXH nJ nguyen cua ngrfdi buon ban nho. le uai tinh Ben Tre. g5m: Thai do; Kien thrfe; K> \ gng ctia gia dinh; Trach nhiem dao ly; Rtii ro cam nhan. Thu nhap; va Tuoi.
Huynh Minh Dat (2016) da khao sat 139 NLD bang bang hoi va sau khi x i ly sg lieu drfa ra mo Mnh hoi quv chinh thrfe ket luan rang, cac nhan to; Nhan thrfe ASXH; Thai do; Hieu biet ve BHXH nl nguyen;
Anh hrfSne xa hoi; t h u nhap; v a Tmyen thong co anh hrfdng den quyet dinh tham gia BHXH nl nguv en cua NLD tai dia phrfdng.
Le Canh Bich Tho. Trrfdng Thi Thanh Tam. Vo Van Tuan (2017) da khag sat bang each phgng van theg bang cau hoi cau mJc vdi 207 dap vien sgng uii 3 quan etia TP.
Can Tho lit- Ninh Kieu. Bmh Thtlv v a Cat Rang. Ket qua nghien crfu chg thav. flnh nang srfc khoe. gidi tinh. tnnh d6 hoc V an. tuyen ffuven va sg lan kham chrfa benh co anh hrfdng de'n quyet drfih raua BHYT nl nguyen cua ngrfdi dan , . . .
Nohien crfu cua XeuNen Xuan Crfdng va nhom n.hiln crfu (2014) cho tha'v trong 7 nhan tg co tac dfac de'n quvet dtnh tham gia BHXH trf nguv en: Tha, do k v Kong'gia dinh; Srf quan tam den srfc khge khi vJ "la'; Trach nhiem dao ly; Kiem soat hanh vi; Kien thrfe \ 4 BHXH ttf nguyen; vit Tuv en tmyen.
Shurona Han (2014) cho ring, ngrfdi nhap erf san san" Iham'eia bao hie'm ne'u nhin thay ldi ich cua ho.
De chinh sach bao hiim cila ngtf«i " M ctf cd hieu quj. phai tang -'^^"- -'".^' sat trons vie. thrfe hien chlnh ' - - ' ^ tu^en tmvin nhUn chg z0o^ n»9P ctf' b :- vi hieu chinh sach. con cBinn nu eu mons muon cua NLf- i i p rfnc o . . . --nu ciL c i a NLD itonf quaciiinh^-;^"
Phtftfnsphap nahienciJu Cac 'Sc .-!- du'a "jen S ±^}^^ ^^^.
dons ho-p IV • TR.A I \ a Iy i.-.-u;. ei h.nn % i dtf dinh 'TPBI ^6} mo! so bien ^0J110 rons de giai ihich cho qu>et dinh iDani eia'BHJffl ttf nguyen ciii \XD- Theo do. mo hinh nghien ctfu dtfdc de xuat nhtf sau: „ „ ppc^ - fi A; - fJX. - AA\ - fiX, ^ f
Trong 36:
- ^"- (^^ a linh iham da BHXH ttfngu> ca - X . X-. X.. X.. X.. X. X,. X,. X.:
Cac nhan lo anh htfcfng dea qu\ ei dinh tham gia BHXH rtf ngmen ciJa XLD:
Nhan"thtfc \ e iinh .\SXH cua BJ^XH ttf nguyen: Thai do: Hieu biet ve BHXH rtf ngu\en: .A-nh htfdng xa hgi;
Thu nhap: Truyen ihong: Ky yong gia dinh: Y thtfc stfc khoe khi ve gia va trach nhiem dao 1>'.
De CO s6 lieu njhien ctfu. ckc lie gia da thtfc hien khao vii 3 % figuSi dan iren dia ban TP. Tra Vinh diam gia BHXH n/
ngu\en. So phieu phat ra la 300 phieu.
da dirdc thu Li 2S5 phieu. S::U '•::" loai bo 6 phieu Ui6r>^ hop le. kei qua co 2"9 mau dat \eu LJU S'^ mJu na\ se dtfdc tieo hanh xu" 1\ va phan tich vdi stf trd giiip cua phan mem xtf ly dfl lieu SPSS 20- Thdi gian kh^o ^ i tCf r.gl\ 15 i)~- 25/05'2019
K E T Q L A S C H I E N C C L Kiem dinh do tm cay cda ihang do Trtfdc -.-J! -hifc hien phan iich he vo ttfdng quan \-a h6i qu\. iLc ;:„ .e -:em dinh do lin ca\ cua cic "-_-; *,-• .--j khi phan iich nhan to khi'M -.-... 'EFAi thong qua he so Cronbacl"" - Aioni. Kei qui cho tha\. la'i ca cic -.- ^r.^ io d^u co he so Cronbach - MphL > :. • Ban" 1, nen cac-.hang Jo e- : 1' --^ .^\\\^
Nax.iaLOthe - - ^ : " : i .a"cbif,s, liep theo
Phan 1 HL da 1
Tlf kei H-- HFJ
lat ca cac bicn : - ^ lap va 1 bien pnu
14
BANG 2: MA TRAN HE SO TCTdNG QQAN
Y
X 8
X 6
X5
XI
X7
X3
X2
X4
H e s o iifrtng q u a n P e a r s o n Sig. ( 2 - l a i l e d ) N
H e so'tiTcfng q u a n P e a r s o n Sig ( 2 - t a i ! e d ) N
H e s d Wdng q u a n P e a r s o n Sig ( 2 - t a i l e d ) N
He s d i i f d n g q u a n P e a r s o n Sig. (2-iailed) N
He so tifdng q u a n P e a r s o n Sig. (2-tailed) N
H e so'tu'dng q u a n P e a i s o n Sig (2-iLiilcd) N
H e sotUOng q u a n P e a r s o n Sig. (2-lailed) N
H e s d tirdng q u a n Pear.son Sig. (2-tailed) N
H e s d tu'dng q u a n P e a r s o n Sig, (2-tailed) N
Y
)
279 0 . 3 8 4 "
0 . 0 0 0 2 7 9 0..'i46"' 0 . 0 0 0 279 0 . 4 8 4 ' 0 , 0 0 0 279 0 . 1 2 2 ' 0 , 0 4 2 2 7 9 0 , 5 2 3 "
0 , 0 0 0 2 7 9 0,238*' 0 , 0 0 0 2 7 9 0,126*
0 , 0 3 6 2 7 9 0,530""
0 . 0 0 0 279
X 8 0 , 3 8 4 ' •
0 , 0 0 0 2 7 9 1
2 7 9 0 . 0 8 7 0 , 1 4 9 2 7 9 0 . 1 8 3 "
0 . 0 0 2 2 7 9 0 , 0 4 3 0 , 4 7 0 2 7 9 0 . 1 6 5 "
0 , 0 0 6 2 7 9 0,07(1 0 , 2 0 5 2 7 9 0 , 0 0 6 0 , 9 2 2 2 7 9 0 , 1 5 0 0 , 0 1 2 2 7 9
X 6 0 , 5 4 6 -
0 . 0 0 0 2 7 9 0 , 0 8 7 0 , i 4 9 2 7 9 1
279 0 . 1 5 0 ' 0 , 0 1 2 279 - 0 , 0 5 9 0 , 3 2 3 279 0,514**
0 , 0 0 0 279 0 , 1 3 8 ' 0,021 279 - 0 , 1 0 6 0 , 0 7 7 279 0 . 4 0 8 ' 0 , 0 0 0 279
X 5 0 . 4 8 4 "
0 , 0 0 0 2 7 9 0 , 1 8 3 "
0 . 0 0 2 2 7 9 0 , 1 5 0 ' 0 . 0 1 2 2 7 9 1
2 7 9 0 , 0 2 4 0 , 6 8 6 2 7 9 0 . 1 1 3 0 , 0 6 0 2 7 9 0.101 0 , 0 9 4 279 - 0 . 0 1 6 0 , 7 9 6 279 0 , 4 6 r * 0 , 0 0 0 2 7 9
X I 0,122"
0 , 0 4 2 2 7 9 0 , 0 4 3 0 . 4 7 0 2 7 9 - 0 . 0 5 9 0 , 3 2 3 279 0 . 0 2 4 0 . 6 8 6 279 1
2 7 9 0 , 0 0 9 0 , 8 7 9 2 7 9 - 0 , 0 7 2 0 , 2 2 9 2 7 9 0 . 1 7 4
0 , 0 0 3 2 7 9 - 0 , 0 2 6 0 , 6 6 3 2 7 9
X 7 0 5 2 3 ' "
0 . 0 0 0 2 7 9 0 . 1 6 5 ' "
0 . 0 0 6 2 7 9 0 , 5 1 4 "
0 . 0 0 0 2 7 9 0 , 1 1 3 0 . 0 6 0 279 0 , 0 0 9 0 , 8 7 9 2 7 9 1
2 7 9 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 0 6 0 279 - 0 . 0 6 7 0.267 2 7 9 0 , 3 0 8 "
0 , 0 0 0 2 7 9
X 3 0 . 2 3 8 "
0 , 0 0 0 2 7 9 0 , 0 7 6 0 , 2 0 5 2 7 9 0,138- 0,021 279 0.101 0 . 0 9 4 279 - 0 , 0 7 2 0 . 2 2 9 2 7 9 0 , 1 1 3 0 . 0 6 0 279 1
279 0.027 0.657 279 0 , 1 2 1 ' 0 , 0 4 3 2 7 9
X 2 0 1 2 6 '
0.036 279 0 . 0 0 6 0 . 9 2 2 2 7 9 - 0 , 1 0 6 0.077 279 - 0 . 0 3 6 0.796 2 7 9 0.174""
0 , 0 0 3 2 7 9 - 0 , 0 6 7 0.267 279 0.027 0.657 279 1
279 -0.035 0.561 279
X 4 0 . 5 3 0 '
0 . 0 0 0 279 0 . 1 5 0 ' 0 . 0 1 2 2 7 9 0 . 4 0 8 "
0 . 0 0 0 279 0 , 4 6 !••
0,000 279 - 0 , 0 2 6 0 , 6 6 3 2 7 9 0 , 3 0 8 "
0 . 0 0 0 279 0 , 1 2 1 ' 0,043 279 -0,035 0,561 279 1
279
"* Tuang quan cd y nghta d '^ Tifang quan co v nghia d
mi'lcO.OI (2-railed) 0,05 (2-lailed)
tai nhan to deu ldn hdn 0,5 va deu dtfdc gitf lai cho btfdc phan tich tiep theo. De phan tich ttfdng quan, tac gia tien hanh tinh trung binh cdng cua cac bie'n tren phan mem SPSS 20 nhtf sau'
XI = {X -H X,,-H X.,-1- X, + X,,-H XJ16
X 2 = ( X , , - H X , . - H X , 3 + X , ^ ) / 4 X3 = ( X ; + X ; > X ; , - H X ; J / 4 x4 = (x^.+x.>x;,^)/3 • X5 = (X,i+ X,,+ X_,-i- X,^-H X )/5
X6 = (x„ + x;,+ x;,;,-h x^^^+x^^-^ x _
-l-XJ/7
X7 = (X,, + X,,-!- X„-f X^^+ X, )15 X8 = {X^, + X^,-H X^, + X,, + X,,^ -1- X,, +X„+X,J/8
Y = (Y, + Y,-HY,-I-Y^)/4
Can ciT vao he so' ttfdng quan (Pearson) dat mtfc y nghia 0,05, kiem dinh he so' ttfdng quan dimg de kiem tra moi lien he tuye'n tinh chat che gitfa cac bie'n doc lap va bien phu thuoc va nhan dien van de da cong tuye'n khi cac bie'n dpc lap ttfdng quan manh vdi nhau. Sau khi kiem dmh 2 phia, ta co ke't qua dtfdc neu d Bang 2.
Ke't qua tho'ng ke cho tha'y, ta't ca cac bie'n dgc lap trong ma Iran co he so' ttfdng quan Pearson daodong tii 0,546 de'n 0,122 va cac gia tri Sig. trong mo'i lien he nay deu nho hdn 0,01. Rieng gia tn Sig. trong moi lien he Nhan thtfc ve ASXH co Sig. = 0,042 va Thai do cua NLD co Sig. = 0,036, nen cac gia tri nay deu CO y nghia ve mat thong ke, vdi dp tm cay tren 95%.
Nhtf vay, ta't ca cac bie'n doc lap deu co quan he ttfdng quan tuye'n tinh vdi bien phu thuoc, cac bien doc lap dat gia tri phan biet co nhieu kha nang giai thich cho bien phu thuOc.
BANG 3: MCfC DO GIAI THJCH CGA MO HINH R^ hiSu chlnh Sai sS chu^n cua ti&c I t f ^ g
. Bi^n doc ldp XI.X2. X3.X-I.X5.X6.X7.X8
\b Bien phu iliiidc. Y
BANG 4: McTC DO PHCI H0P CGA MO HINH
T^ng cSc binh phtfcftig Trung binh binh phtfifng
a. Bien phu thuoc: Y
b. Bien doc lap: XI.X2. X3.X4.X5.X6.X7.X8
Mo hinh
BANG 5: KET QGA HE SO HOI QGY BQI VA THONG KE DA CQNG TGYEN Chtfa
chu^n hoa B (Hang so)
X8 X6 X5 XI X7 X3 X2 X4
DO l#ch chuSV -0,077
0.125 0,187 0.151 0,070 0,152 0,061 0.109 0.087
Chu^n hoa Beta 0,172 0,020 0,027 0.022 0,024 0.026 0,021 0,024 0.023
Kilm dinhT- student
0.228 0,299 0,284 0,104 0.247 0.107 0.162 0.162
Mtfc y nghia thS^ng k€ Sig.
-0,446 6.234 6,831 7,035 2.875 5.886 2.962 4,471 3.717
PhSn tich da c$ng tuvS'n DQ chSfp nbSn
cua biS'n 0,656 0,000 0,000 0.000 0.004 0,000 0.003 0,000 0.000
H ^ s d phong dai phtfttag sai VIF 0,940 0 6.S5 0.768 0.956 0.708 0.961 0.957 0.658
1,064 1,526 1,302 1,046 1.412 1.040 1.045 i,520
Phan tich mo hinh h6i quy
Kiem dinh mitc d^ gidi Ihich ciia mo hinh Ke't qua Bang 3 cho Ihay, R- hieu chinh la 0.652 nho hdn R" la 0,662, chii'ng to mo hinh hot qny phti hop vdl dif lieu 6 mii'c 0,652.
Nhu' vay, cac bie'n doc lap dUa vao chay hoi qny anh hiring tdi 65,2'5'r sir thay doi ciia bien phu thuoc, cdn lai 34,8% sif bie'n thien ctia bien phu thugc Y la do cac nhan ttf khac khongcd trong mo Mnh.
Ben canh dd, hB so' Durbin-Watson cho bie't mo hinh cd hien tifdng tU tudng quan hay khong? NCu (i <
Durbin-Watsdn < 3), thi khong cd hien nfdng tif tifdng quan. Difa vad ke't qua Bang 3, thi Durbm-Watsdn = 2,035 nam trong doan (I < Durbin-Watson < 3). Nhif vSy, Mo hmh khong cd hien tifdng tif tudng quan.
Idem dinh miic dg phii hi/p mo hinh (Adjusted R Square. ANOVA)
Bang 4 cho tha'y. gia tri (Sig. = O.OOOb < 0.051 Nhif
\-iy. cd md'i quan he giii'a cac bie'n ddc lap (Xi ^•ai
bie'n phu thupc (Y). Hay ndi each khac, mo hinh hdi guy phu hdp vdi tap dif lieu nay va CO the sii' dung difdc.
Kiem dinh hifn tilifng da cong tuyen (Multiple Collinearity)
Bang 5 cho thay:
- Md hinh h6i quy bdi d tren khdng xay ra hien tu'dng da cong tuye'n. vl cac he so VIF < 2 dd chap nhan (he sd' Tdlerance) nho hdn.
- Cac nhan td' XI, X2. X3. X4. X5 X6, X7. X8 cd he sd' hdi quj (Beta) > 0 va sig. < 0,05, nen dat dieu l<ien cd tham gia vao mo hinh hoi quy
Tif bang ke't qua tren a xjj ^^^^.
phifdng Irinh cila mo hinh iioi quj | , J nhif sau:
16
Trong do:
Y: Quye't dinh tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen cua NLD.
- X,, X,, X3, X,, X,, X, X,, X,: Cac nhSn to' anh htfdng dd'n quye't dinh tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen cua NLD: Nhan thtfc ve ASXH, thai do ciia NLD; Hieu bie't ve BHXH ttf nguyen ciia NLD; Anh htfdng xa hoi cua BHXH ttf nguyen;
Thu nhap; Truyen thong; Chinh sach BHXH ttf nguyen; Y thtfc trach nhiem cua NLD.
- PQ! Tham SO'chan.
_-Pj,P,,P3,P,,P3,P,,P,,[3,,:Cactham so hoi quy.
- e: Sai so cua mo hinh.
Phtfdng trinh cua mo hinh vdi h6 s6' h6i quy boi chtfa chuan hda nhtf sau:
Y = -0,077 + 0,070*X1 -H 0,109*X2 + 0,061*X3 + 0,087*X4 + 0,151^^X5 + 0,187*X6 -\- 0,I52*X7-\-0,l25*X8
Dtfa vao phtfdng trinh cua mo hinh quy bgi cho tha'y, cac he so' hoi quy deu mang da'u dtfdng the hien cac nhan to' trong mo hinh hoi quy tren co quan he ty le thu^n vdi quye't dinh tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen cua NLD.
KET LUAN VA HAM Y CHINH SACH
Kd't luan
Ket qua nghien ctfu cho tha'y, Idii Nhan thtfc ve ASXH tang len 1 va cac nhan to' khac khong thay doi, thi quye't dinh tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen cua NLD tang len 0,070 diem. Nhan to Thai do Clia NLD tang len 1 va cac nhan to khac khdng thay doi, thi quye't dinh tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen ciia NLD tang ien 0,109 diem. Hieu bie't v6 BHXH ttf nguyen cua NLD tang len 1 va cac nhSn tQ' khac khong thay ddi, thi quyet dinh tham gia BHXH^ttf nguyen ciia NLD tang len 0,061 diem.
Nhan to Thu nhap tang len 1 va cac nhan to khac khdng thay ddi. thi quyet dmh tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen ctia NLD tang len 0,151 diem. Nhan id' Truyen thong tang len 1 va cac nhan to' khac khdng thay ddi, thi quye't dinh tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen ciia NLD tang len 0,187 diem. Nhan td Chinh sach BHXH ttf nguyen tang ISn 1 va cac nhan td khac khdng thay ddi, thi quyet dinh tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen ciia NLD tang len 0,152 diem. Nhan td Nhan thtfc ve ASXH tang len I va cac nhan td khac khdng thay ddi, thi quyet dinh tham gia BHXH
ttf nguyen cua NLD tang len 0,070 diem. Y thtfc trach nhiem cua NLD tang len I va cac nhan td khac khdng thay ddi, thl quyg't dinh tham gia BHXH ttf nguydn ciia NLD tang len 0,125 diem.
De xua't cac ham y chinh sach Bo? vdi nhdn to'Truyen thong
BHXH cac cap phai pho'i hdp vdi cac nganh chtfc nang, cd quan bao chi, dai truyen hinh, dai truyen thanh lam to't cdng tac thdng tin tuyen truyen de mpi ngtfdi hieu va tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen, vi dd'i ttfdng cua BHXH ttf nguyen rat da dang, phan Idn trong so' dd chtfa tijrng tham gia BHXH bao gi6. Dac bidt, phai van ddng dtfdc nhieu ngtfdi thay ddi ttf duy chi lo viec trtfdc mat, ma khdng nghi de'n ttfdng lai, xem nhe viec tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen dd khi ve gia dtfdc htfSng Itfdng btfu va htfdng quyen ldi cham sdc stfc khde ttf BHYT.
BHXH Tinh can cd mpt dai ly chuyen ve phat trien dd'i ttfdng BHXH ttf nguyen va btfu dien la ddn vi cd kha nang dap tfng di^u kien dd.
Bdi vdi nhdn to'Chinh sdch BHXH tU nguyan Day la loai hinh BHXH phi thtfdng mai nhhm hd trd cdng ddng nha't la nhtfng ngtfdi cd thu nhap tha'p khi ve gia dtfdc htfdng trd cap mdt so' tien ttfdng iJng va dtfdc htfdng stf cham sdc y td' cua Nha ntfdc. Du da tao dieu kien thuan ldi de ngtfdi dan tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen bang each dtfa ra phtfdng thtfc ddng BHXH ttf nguyen da dang va phong phii (ddng hang thang, hang quy, hang nam, mgt lan cho nhieu nam), nhtfng quyen ldi ciia ngtfdi tham gia BHXH ttf nguydn hidn nay chi cd 2 che' do htfli tri va tii" tua't la chtfa thda dang. NLD can cd them stf Itfa chon quyen ldi phd hdp cho ban than minh, chSng ban nhtf: ngtfdi phu ntf quan tam va mud'n dtfdc htfdng che'do thai san; ngtfdi giup viec nha mud'n cd chd' dd d'm dau; ngtfdi phu hd can chd'do tai nan lao dgng...
Doi vdi nhdn td Thu nhdp
Cd quan BHXH nen de xua't, kie'n nghi vdi Qud'c hgi, Chinh phii va Bd Lao ddng, Thtfdng binh va Xa hgi nghien ctfu giam mtfc phi va dong thdi tang mtfc hd trd cho ngtfdi tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen, nha't la dd'i ttfdng khac khdng thugc hd gia dinh ngheo, can ngheo. Day la mdt Itfc Itfdng lao ddng Idn tai TP. Tra Vinh noi neng va tinh Tra Vmh ndi chung, vdi mtfc thu nhap ttf 4 tridu dong de'n dtfdi 8 tneu ddng. Hg khdng thugc ddi ttfdng ngheo, can ngheo, nhtfng lai cd quyet dinh tham gia BHXH ttf nguydn cao.
Y thdc trdch nhi^m cua NLD
Can chii trong hdn do'i vdi nhtfng ngtfdi d dd tudi ttf 36-45 tudi la do tuoi chin chan, cd y thtfc trach nhiem vdi gia dinh va co kha nang quye't dinh tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen bang ngudn thu nheip on dinh. Dac biet la nhdm hoat ddng khdng chuyen trach khong dii dieu kien tham gia BHXH bat budc, thi viec tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen dtfdc xem la mdt quye't dinh cd y nghia vdi ban than va the hien cd trach nhiem vdi gia dinh, cdng ddng, xa hdi va Nha ntfdc.
Thdi do cua ngi^ tham gia BHXH tii nguyen Hien nay. NLD cd >' thtfc rd rang \ e trach nhiem cham lo cho ban than khi ve gia bdt phu thudc vao con chau nhtf quan diem truyen thd'ng trtfdc day. De phii hdp vdi xuihedd. Itfachgn tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen -se cd dtfdc mdi ngudn tai chinh on dinh va dtfdc htfdng chinh sach BHYT khi ve gia, tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen cdn la viec the hien trach nhiera dd'i vdi ban than, gia dinh va xa hdi. Phai cai thien cac dich \-u hd trd va mdt chinh sach hdp ly de hg nhan iha'\ mtfc phi tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen la phii hdp vdi dieu kien . cung nhtf thu nhap cua hp \ a ldi ich ho dtfdc htfdng nhieu hdn gia tri. ma hg da bd ra.
Anh hudngxd hoi cua BHXHtUnguyen Trong .xa hdi hien dai ngay na>. vdi the' manh cua cdng nghe thdng tin, khi ma cang cd nhieu ngtfdi nhan thu'c dtfdc cac van de. cung nhtf tinh thie't ye'u cua chinh sach BHXH ttf nguyen. thl td'c do anh htfdng nhanh chdng Clia hg de'n nhtfng ngtfdi khac la mgt ldi the' to ldn. Bdi. ne'u ngtfdi than trong gia dinh hoac nhiTng ngtfdi da va dang htfdng chd'do BHXH rtf nguyen thoa dang, hp se trd thanh mpt kdnh mydn iruyen hieu qua de'n nhu'ng ngtfdi than, ngtfdi dan tai dia phtfdng. Dd chinh la ngtfdi bie't each truyen dat va dien giai van de mdt each gin giii \a de hieu nha't.
Xhi?ng ca nhan quan trgng cd anh htfdng de'n vide hinh thanh y dinh tham gia BHXH itf nguyen Clia XLD cd the la gia dinh, ban be. ddng nghiep, phtfdng lien truxen thdng... Thai do \ a stf quan tam cua hg dd'i \di Ioai hinh BHXH ttf nguyen cung gdp phan anh htfdng de'n quye't dinh tham gia ciia NLD vdi mtfc dp manh. ye'u khac nhau. tiiy thudc vao mdi quan he va stf qu\' trpng ctia XLD ddi vdi nhdm ngtfdi ga\ anh htfdng.
XJidn thdc ve an sinh xd hgi
Tang ctfdng tuyen iruyen \an dpng dd NLD tha\
dtfdc nii ro xa hdi cd chieu htfdng gia tang ciing vdi
stf phat trien cudc sdng hien dai va tham sia BHXH ttf nguydn de n'ch 10)' ''^f cho ttfdns lai cua mmh la dieu can thieL BHXH ttf nsuven la chinh sach AbJ"
cua Nha ntfdc phu hdp vdi NLE) Wi het tudi lao ddns Can quan fam cung cd' nhan thtfc \ e ASXH dd'i ^dl nhom ndng dan. lao ddng phd thong, vi nhom netfdi na\ it dtfdc tiep can vdi chinh sacn cQa nha ntfdc. dac biet la khai mdm ve ASXH. phai lam cho ho hieu tham gia BHXH la dieu can thiet cho ban than, cho sia dinh. mang tinh chia se cpng ddng khdng nham muc dich kinh doanh.
Hieu biet vi BHXH tii nguyen BHXH TP. Tra \"inh cantang ciTdng giao due, tuvdn tru\en den NLB ^'^
chinh sach BHXH ttf nguyen \a htfdng dSn cho hg ve cac thu mc. cung nhtf cac ldi ich cua vide diam gia BHXH ttf nguyen la dieu quan trpng de gia tang sd ngtfdi dang k> tham gia BHXH nr nguyen. Vl \ ay. cd quan BHXH cSn dao tao ddi ngfl tuyen truyen co k> nang.
kie'n thtfc va cham sdc td't cho '"khach hang" nham ttf van cho hp bie't ve chinh sach. hieu dtfdc cac ldi ich khi tham gia BHXH ttf nguyen se dam bao cho cugc sd'ng cua hg trong ttfdng lai. Stf khac bidt ve trinh do hgc van cho iha'y nhdm trung hgc phd thdng cd quye't dinh tham gia cao. Do dd. can quan tam lam tang stf hieu bidt cho nhdm d bac tieu hpc, trung hgc cd sd b'ang each liep can truyen dat thdng tin. de hg cd mgt cai nhin sau sac
\ 3 thidn cam hdn \ e chinh sach BHXH ttf ngu\dn.!^
TAI LIEL THAM KBAO
1. Ngu>en Xuan Ctfdng. Xgu\dn Xuan Thp. Ho Huy Ttfu (2014| Mpi sdnhan tdanh htfdng de'n stf quantam tham gia BHXH rtf nguydn cua ngtfdi budn ban nhd le tren dia ban tinhNahe An.
Tgp chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN. Kinh te vd Kinh doanh. tap 30, sd 1
2. Huynh Minh Dat (2016). Xdc djnh nhdn td dnh hudng den quyei dinh tham gia BHXH tu nguven cda SLD tgi huyen Cdng Long. Luan van thac sy. Trtfdng Dai hpc Tra Vinh
3. Ddng Qud'c Dat (2008). BHXH khu \ tfc phi chinh thtfc d Viet Nam. ditfc trang \ a kien nohi Tgp chi Kbih te vd Du bdo. sd 15(431). thang 08/2008
4- Xguydn Xgoc Thu Thao (2017). Cdc nhdn tddnh hudng den quyei dinh iham gm BHXH tu nsiiyen cda nhdng ngudi budn bdn nho, le lgi tinh Ben Tre. Luan \ an thac s\, Trtfdng Dai hoc Nha Trang
5. Ld Canh Bich Thd. Vd \'an Tuan \ a Trtfdng Thi Thanh Tam (2017). Cac yen id anh htfdno dd'n quye't dinh mua bao hiem y td ttf nguydn cua ngtfdi dan TP. Can Thd. Tap chi Kboa ho'c TrudngDgi hoc Can Thd. 48. 20-25
6. -Ajzen. I. (19911. The theor)' of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 50. 179-211
7. Shurong ILAX (2014). .Migrant Workers' Old-age Insurance Policy in China: Beyond an Economic De\ elopment Perspective. The uni\ ersity of Adelaide
