i TAP CHi LUAT HOC S 6 8/2016 NGHltN cim - TRAO Bdi
r> NOI Q!JY U O D O N G - TH^JC IDANC} VA M(!)T § 6 Kl6j NGBI
fail; • • .
Dd THI DUNG *
Tom tdt: Bdi viet phan tich thuv trgng phdp lugt vi ngi quy lao dgng, thuc din ban hdnh ngi quy lao dgng trong cdc doanh nghiep vd dua ra mgt so kiin ngh} hodn thiin phdp lugt vi ngi quy lao dgng.
Tir khod: Kiin nghi. ngi quy lao dgng, thirc trgng.
Nhgn bai: 17/5/2016 Hodn thdnh bien tap: 25/8/2016 Duyit ddng: 13/9/2016
I N T E R N A L L A B O U R R E G U L A T I O N S - T H E C U R R E N T S I T U A T I O N A N D S O M E P R O P O S A L S
Abstract: The paper analyses the current situation ofthe law on internal labour regulations and the practice of issuing internal labour regulations by enterprises and offers some proposals for improving the law on internal labour regulations.
Keywords: Proposal; internal labour regulations; current situation.
Received: May 17\ 2016; Editing completed: Aug 25'\ 2016; Accepted for publication: Sep 75*. 2016
1. Dg ndng c a o hieu q u a ciia qud trtnh san xudt, kinh d o a n h , bdt ki d o n vi sii d i ^ g ndo cung cdn thiet lap vd d u y tii ki luat Iao dfing. Hinh t h u c p h a p li q u a n Uong thg hien npi dung cua ki luat Iao d d n g chi'nh Id npi quy lao dpng.
T h e o Tir dien tigng Viet, "ndi q u y " d u p c higu Id "nhimg diiu quy dinh di bdo ddm irgl l\c vd ki ludl trong mgt tap thi. mgt ea quari"}^'* Tir cdch higu ndy, trong p h a m vi quan he lao d d n g , npi quy lao d p n g la nhiing quy dinh dg b a o d a m u d t t u vd ki ludt trong don vi sir d u n g lao d p n g . Thfing qua ndi q u y lao ddng, n g u d i sii d u n g lao d p n g ( N S D L D )
* Giang vien chinh, Trirtmg D^i h^c L u | t Ha Npi E-mail: dung_lId ©yahoo.com
(l),Xem' Vi?n ngon ngtt hpc, Tirdiin tiing Vi?!, Nxb.
Da NSng - Tmng tarn lir diSn hpc, Hd N$i - 05 Ning, 2000. tr. 738.
an dinh nhirng q u y tdc c h u n g dp d\mg cho mpi n g u d i lao d d n g ( N L D ) trong d o n vi m d t cdch lau ddi. D o n g thdi, ndi q u y lao d p n g Id CO s d dg x u If ki luat Iao d d n g ddi vdi N L D cd hdnh vi vi p h a m . C d thg thdy, trong p h a m vi d a n vi sii d u n g lao d p n g , npi q u y Iao d p n g cd gid tri n h u m o t " d a o luat".
Xuat p h a t tir vai trd q u a n trpng n h u vay ngn phdp luat Iao d p n g cua nhieu q u d c gia trgn the gidi dgu q u y dinh npi q u y lao d p n g phai bat b u d c ban hdnh d d o n vi cd sic d u n g nhieu lao dpng.'^' V i du, B p luat Iao d p n g Phdp ndm 1973 q u y dinh d o a n h nghiep sii d u n g 2 0 lao d p n g t r d len phdi cd ndi q u y Iao d p n g sau 3 thdng k e tir ngdy bdt dau hoat
(2).Xem: Bp lao dpng, thucmg binh vi xa hpi, Tai lm tham khdo phdp lugt lao dgng nu&c ngoai, Nxb. Lao dpng - xa hpi, Hk Npi, 2010, tr. 113 -116.
3 9
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TAP CHf LUAT H()C S 6 8/2016 NGHIEN CUV-TRAO Ml
dong. Luat lieu chuan lao dgng ciia Nhat Ban nim 1976 quy djnh doanh nghiep sir dung thuong xuyen tir 10 lao dgng tto len phii CO nghia vu xiy dung vi ttinh bao ngi quy Iao dgng. Luat tteu chuan lao dgng ciia Hin Qu6c nam 1997 ciing quy djnh doanh nghiep thue hon 10 NLD phai soan thio ngi quy lao dgng. Luat lao dgng cua Campuchia nim 1997 quy dinh doanh nghiep sii dung tu 8 NLD tto len phai xay dung ngi quy lao dong... Ciing vol do, phap luat cac qu6c gia Cling quy dinh cu the npi dung cua ngi quy lao dgng. Tuy digu kien cua timg qu6c gia mi cac ngi dung niy dugc phap luat quy dinh khac nhau, song diem chung la ngi quy lao dgng dju chira dung hai nhom ngi dung chi'nh: Nhdm Ihit nhdt bao g6m cac quy djnh bugc NLD phai thuc hien (di lim diing gio, pham vi duoc di lai, giao liep; thuc hien cac quy djnh ve sit dung miy, thiet bi, an toin lao dpng, v? sinh lao dpng; bao vc tii san ciia don vj...); nhom thU hai bao gSm cic quy dinh vS bien phap xir 11 ki luat lao dgng, xir li bii thuimg thiet hai vat chit ddi voi NLD c6 hinh vi vi pham cic quy djnh da dit ra.'"
De ttanh ttuong hop NSDLD lam quyen, xam pham den quyen vi lgi fch ciia NLD, phip luat ciia cac qudc gia dJu quy dmh ve thu tuc ban hinh ngi quy lao dpng, Theo do, khi xay dung ngi quy lao dgng.
(3).Xem Bp Iao dgng, Ihuong binli v^ xa hgi, Tai li^u Iham kiwo phip lugi lao dong nu&c ngocit. sdd lr 113-116 ' '
NSDLD phai tham khao y kien cua ben dj dien NLD. Ching han, phip lujt lao djnj Phap quy dinh NSDLD phai tham khao } kien cua hpi d6ng doanh nghiep, niu kh6ng CO hgi d6ng doanh nghiep thi phai than khao y kien nhQng dai dien cua NLD.'*^
Phip luat lao dgng Nhat Ban v i Han Quic quy djnh, NSDLD phai ttimg cau J kien oia to chuc c6ng doin, niu khong c6 c6ng doin thi ming ciu y kiin dai dien NLD... Ngoii ra, ngi quy lao dgng con phai dugc kiem duyet cua co quan co thira quyJn. 6 Ph^p, ngi quy lao dgng phai dugc thanh tta lao dpng kiem tta. (3 Nhat Ban vi Hin Quoc, npi quy lao dpng phai dugc ttinh bio co quan CO tham quyin.*^^
Nhu vay, phap luat cac quoc gia dSu quy dinh NSDLD co quyin ban hinh npi quy lao dgng Iam co so di thiit lip ki lujl lao dgng ttong dem vj. Tuy nhien, di thllc hicn quyin die biet nay, NSDLD phii luan theo cic quy djnh ciia phip luat. Ngoii ra, ttong mrcmg hgp don vj sii dung Iao dgng khong bit bugc phai co noi quy lao dpng (do sir dung s6 lugng lao dpng I't) thl ki luit lao dpng dugc thuc hien tten co so quy djnh cila phip luat hoic thoa uoc lao dgng tap the hoac (vi) hpp ding lag dgng."'
(4).Xem: BQ lao dgng, Uiuong binh va xa hgi, T^i ii^
Iham khao phdp lugl lao dong nuac ngoii. sdd, lr. 113.
(5).Xem: Bg lao dgng, thirong binh vS xa hOl, Tdi lieu Iham khao phdp ludl lao dong nuic ngodi. sdd, lr. 114,115.
(6).Xem. D S Thj Dung, "Quyjn Ihijt ljp cdng cv qnan l( lao dgng clia NSDLD". Tgp chl luf I hfc. si 9/2015, lr 10.
TAP CHi LUAT HQC SO 8/2Q16 NGHIEN CiW - TRAO DOI
2. O Viet Nam, viec ban hdnh ndi quy Iao ddng trong dan vi sii dung lao ddng vira Id quyen vira Id nghia vu bdt budc cua NSDLD. Viec ban hanh noi quy la quyen cua NSDLD bdi phdp luat quy dinh ndi quy lao ddng do NSDLD ban hanh, khdng phu Ihudc vdo y chi cua bdt ki chu the nao khac;''' la nghta vu ciia NSDLD bdi ngu don vi cd su dyng sd luoTig Iao ddng nhdt dinh md khdng ban hdnh ndi quy Iao ddng thi bi coi la hdnh vi vi pham phap luat.*^' Digu dd cho thdy, viec ban hdnh npi quy lao dpng Id rdt cdn thigt nhdm giup NSDLD thigt \^p va duy ui ki luat lao dpng trong don vi, tir dd thuc hien quyen quan li lao ddng mdt cdch hieu qua.
Theo quy dinh tir Digu 119 den Digu 122 Bp luat lao ddng ndm 2012 va duac hudng dan tai Nghi dinh cua Chfnh phu so 05/20I5/ND-CP ngdy 12/01/2015 hudng dan Bp luat lao dpng, Thdng tu cua Bd lao dpng, thuong binh vd xa hpi sd 47/2015/TT-BLDTBXH ngdy 16/11/2015 hudng dan thuc hien vg hgp ddng lao dpng, ki lu^t Iao ddng, Udch nhiem vat chdt cua Nghi dinh sd 05/2015/ND-CP thi NSDLD cd sir dyng tir 10 NLD trd lgn phdi cd ndi quy lao ddng bdng vdn ban. Trudng hop dan vi sir dung dudi 10 NLD thi cd thg ban hdnh npi quy lao dpng bdng vdn ban hodc
{7).Xcm: Dieu 119 BQ lu^t lao d^ng nam 2012.
C8).Xem: Dieu 15 Nghj djnh cua Chmh phu s6 95/2013/ND-CP ngiy 22/8/2013 quy dmh xii ph^t vi ph^m hanh chi'nh trong ITnh virc lao dpng, bdo hiem xa hpi vS dira NLD Vi?i Nam di I ^ viec a nudc ngo^.
ngu khdng ban hanh ndi quy Iao ddng bdng vdn ban thi NSDLD, NLD thod thuan npi dung ki luat lao ddng, trdch nhiem vat chdt va ghi trong hap ddng lao dpng.*^'
Cung nhu phap luat cua nhigu qudc gia trgn thg gidi, nhdm tranh trudng hop NSDLD lam quygn, vi muc dfch Igi nhudn Clia minh ma ddt ra cdc quy dinh qua khdt khe ddi vdi NLD, xam pham quygn vd Igi ich hpp phap cua NLD, phdp luat quy dinh, NSDLD khi ban hdnh npi quy Iao dpng phai tuan theo cdc quy dinh ve npi dung ndi quy Iao ddng vd thii tuc ban hdnh. Theo dd, npi dung cua ndi quy lao dgng bao gdm cdc digu khodn chil ygu quy dinh tai khoan 2 Digu 119 Bp luat lao ddng vd dugc hudng dan tai Digu 27 Nghi dinh so 05/2015/ND-CP.
Cdn cir vdo dieu kien cu thg, d§c trung cdng viec, ngdnh nghg kinh doanh, quy ttinh cdng nghe, td chiic lao dpng ciia don vi, NSDLD todn quygn trong viec xac dinh cdc npi dung chi tiet ciia ndi quy Iao ddng. Vi du d npi dung "Thdi gid Idm viec, thdi gid nghi ngai", NSDLD quy dinh cu thg thdi gid lam viec binh thudng trong 01 ngay, trong 01 tuan; ca ldm viec; thdi diem bdt dau, thdi digm kgt thuc ca Idm viec; Idm them gid (neu cd); ldm thdm gid trong cdc
(9).Xem' Khodn 4 Dieu 10 Thong lu cua B9 Iao dgng, Ihuang binh vk xa hpi so 47/20IS/TT-BLDTBXH ngSy 16/11/2015 hucmg dSn th\ic hi?n m^t so dieu v^
h(;p dong lao dpng, ki luat lao dgng, trfch nhifm v§t chk Clia Nghj dinh s6 05/2015/ND-CP ngSy 12/01/2015 quy djnh chi hk vh hirdng dan ihi hinh m$t so npi dung cua Bg luSl lao dgng.
41
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 8/2016 NGHIEN CUV - TRAO tJi
truong hgp dac biet; thoi diem cac dgt nghi ngin ngoii thcri gian nghi giua gib; nghi chuyen ca; ngiy nghi hang tuan; nghi hang nim, nghi viec rieng, nghi khong huong luong... Hoic 6 ngi dung "Trat tu t^i noi lim viec", NSDLD quy dinh ve pham vi lim viec, di lai trong thai gio lam viec; van hoa ling xu, trang phuc; tuan thii phan c6ng, di6u dgng cua NSDLD (trit truong hgp thiy ro nguy co xay ra tai nan Iao dgng, benh nghe nghiep, de dga nghiem trgng tfnh mang vi siic khoe ciia minh)...
Ngoii cac ngi dung chii ydu mi phip luit quy dinh, n6u thiy cin tbik, NSDLD c6 the bo sung cic ngi dung khic. Du ngi quy lag dgng chl bao g6m cic diSu khoan chii yiu hay b6 sung cic diSu khoan khic, NSDLD phai bio dim cic ngi dung ciia ngi quy Iao dgng khong dugc trii vcri phap luat ve lao dgng va quy djnh khic cua phip luat CO lien quan.
Nhim bao dam sir dan chu uong don vi ciing nhu bao dam cho to chiic cang doin thuc hien chiic ning bao ve quyen vi lgi i'ch cho NLD, truoc khi ban hinh ngi quy lao dgng, NSDLD phii Uiam khao y kiSn ciia 16 chiic dai dien t|p thj lao dgng lai co so (ban chap hinh cong doin co so hoic ban chip hinh cong doin cip tren true tiep co so o noi chua diinh ljp cong doin co so). Tuy nhiSn, neu khi tham khao, cic ben khong thang nhit dugc y kiln thi NSDLD hoin toin cd quySn quyjt dinh ngi dung quy dinh trong ngi quy lao dong vi chiu trach nhiem vS
quySt dinh t6 ma khong phu thugc v4 khStj bi anh hudng boi y chf ciia 16 chiic d^i d%
ljp the Iao dpng. Day I i uu diem vugt tl$
cua nai quy Iao dgng so vdi dioa udc \a, ddng lap thl ttong vi$c tha hi$n quyen quii It lao d6ng ciia NSDLD.
Theo "Thang bio kel qua Ihanh Ira vi^
chap hinh phap lujt v& lao dgng l^ doanb nghiep IrSn dja ban cac tinh, thinh ph6 Mn nhu Ha N6i, Ho Chf Minh, Binh Dironj D6ng Nai, D i Ning cac nim 2010, 2011, 2012" Clia Thanh tra BO lao d6ng. thuong binh vi xa h^i, hau het cic don vi sii dvng lao dgng c6 sil dung tir 10 NLD tto len dk ban hinh n6i quy lao dang.""' C6 khoatig 70% doanh nghiep da ban hinh ngi quy lao dgng."" Ngi quy Iao dgng nhin chung dcii quy dinh eg Ihl cic ngi dung, die bijt c*
hinh vi vi pham ki luat Iao dOng vi cic bi{a phap xu If vi pham ki luat Iao dgng. Do quy dinh eg the cic ngi dung ngn ngi quy lao dgng de dugc NLB thuc hien, vi vjy ttjt til, ki cuong ttong don vi dugc 6n dinh vi duy tti, g6p phan quan ttgng de thiic day niiig suat, chat lugng lao dgng.
Sau khi ban hinh, NSDLD phii c6 ttich nhiem lh6ng bio ngi quy lao dgng den NLB, niem yet cic ngi dung chfnh a nhitag noi cSu
(lO).Xem: Thanh fra BO lao dpng, thuong binh vSil hOi, Thong bdo kil qua Ihanh Ira vice chap hdnh ph6f ludl ve lao dfng Irin dia ban cdc linh. Mnh phS III Noi. Ho Chl Mmh. Binh Duang. Bdng Nai. Dd Nhi cdc ndm 2010. 2011. 2012. Hi N^i.
(ll).Xem: B$ lao dOng, thuong binh vi xa hOi, B^
cdo tdng kil ddnh gid 15 ndm ihi hdnh Bp lugt loo rating. Ha Noi, 2011.
:iil).i
~~rAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 8/2016 tlluocii
* tlltti '^'^^ '^""^ " " ^ ^> ••' f ^ B bill dugc cic noi ' l i i , ''""^ " ' ' ''"^ '''° ''^"S ''^ V 'l^s "^hgn cich S HDJ, ''* **'• ' ^ ' ' * " ''"^ ' ' * •"•?= "Oa li NSDLD
%!.)! ''"'^ "^^ ""' "*' ''">' ' " " '•^"8 *• "^^ q"™
' quan II' nhi nuoc vj lao dgng cip linh ttong
«>4li|."'" ''™ ''"'' '*'"''• ^ ^ ^^'^'^ '^'^ "^"^ ''™8 ' kf li de CO quan co thim quyen xem xet Iai J.. '^"'^ quy "l™ long noi quy lao dgng, ngin
NGHIEN CUV • TRAO BOl
h l l
ngira linh ttang NSDLD, vi lgi fch cua minh mi xic dinh cac npi dung bil Igi cho NLD.
Quy dinh niy con nhim ling cuong tinh diin 'ttach nhiem ctia NSDLD ttong viec man
' theo cic quy dinh cua phip luat. Tuy nhien.
ttong thuc te, viec ding kf ngi quy lao dpng voi CO quan c6 thim quyen chua dugc ' NSDLD nghiem tdc thuc hien. Theo bao cao
cua Bg lao dpng, thuong binh vi xa hgi, ' "Thanh pho Hd Noi chi cd 5,2% Ions s6 Vi < , , ..
doanh nghiep Iren dia bdn ddng Id noi auv tao dfng. Imh Nam Binh cd 8% doanh nghiep dang In noi quy lao dpng Irong khi cd
; '• 68% doanh nghiep Iren dia bdn dd xdy dtmg
"' ' nrii quy lao dong"."^'' Viec NSDLD sir dung
" ' ngi quy lao dgng khong dugc dang kf voi co quan lao dgng co thim quySn la vi pham ' ' phip luat vi cd thj bi x i phjit theo quy dinh
"f* tai DiJu 15 Nghj dinh so 95/2013/ND-CP.
Nhin Chung, cic quy dinh ve npi quy Iao dOng Clia phip luat hien hinh kha hgp If, bao 'fl dam quyen tu quyjt ciia NSDLD ttong viec 0. tu xic dinh cac ngi dung cua ngi quy lao
m- (l2).Xem: Bg lao dong. thirong binh va xa hoi, Bdo jjt cdo long kil ddnh gid 15 ndm Ihi hdnh Bo lugl tao
dpng, lldil.
dgng phii hgp voi diju kien thuc tj don vi.
Quy dinh nhu vay khong chi mo rgng quyjn tu chii, tu chiu ttich nhiem cua NSDLD ttong ttong viec Ihijt Ijp ki lual lao dgng, mi con tag diJu kien dj NSDLD dugc lua chpn cac bien phap quan If lao dgng (giio due, nrmg phat, b8i thuong thiel hai) mgt cich Unh hoat, phil hgp vdi timg Unrong hgp, dii ttrgng cu thj. Diiu dd thj hien su phu hgp Clia phip lujt Iao dgng Viet Nam voi phip lujt lao dgng cic quic gia Uen Ihj gioi.
Tuy nhien, cac quy djnh ve ngi quy lag dgng vln c5n mgt so vin dj cin Irao dii nhu sau:
Thir nhdt, hien nay, Bg lujt lao dang chua ci3 quy pham djnh nghTa ve ngi quy lao dpng, ttong khi dd cic v5n ban ngi bg khic nhu hgp dong lao dgng, thoa uoc Iao dpng tjp the da dugc dinh nghia. Trong moi tuong quan vcri cic vin ban ngi bp cua dtm vj, voi lu each Ii v3n ban quan ttgng trgng viec dii jt ljp vi duy tri ki luat lag dgng, phap luat cin dua ra dinh nghia vj ngi quy lao dgng dj thong nhat vj mat khoa hgc dJng then lao co so de phan biel ngi quy lao dgng vtii cic vin bin ngi bg khic.
Thli hai, theg quy djnh, ngi quy lao dgng chi bit bugc ban hanh 6 nhimg don vj su dung tit 10 NLB aa len. Quy dinh niy dugc kj Ihira tir Bg luat lao dgng nim 1994 vi dugc danh gii Ii khi hgp li trong viec duy tti ki lujt lao dgng 6 cic don vi sir dung lao dgng trong thoi gian tuong dii lau dii 6 Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, den nay, quy djnh niy ciing cin dugc xem xet Iai dj bao dam phii
43
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 8/2016 NGHIEN CUV - TRAOB^k
hap voi thirc tien su dung lao dpng co nhieu bien dong trong cac doanh nghiep.
Theo bao cao ihucmg nien doanh nghiep Viet Nam cita Phong thucmg mai va cong nghiep Viet Nam, so doanh nghiep sieu nho (su dung duod 10 NLD) a Viet Nam ngay cang gia tSng.'"^' d cac don vi nay, do khong bat buoc phai co npi quy lao dpng nen ki luat lao dpng hoan toan phu thupc v^o y chf cua NSDLD. Vl the, CO tinh trang NSDLD dua ra cac quy dinh khit khe nhu: "di ve sinh phai dpi mu",' ' "mpt ngay chi duac di ve sinh 3 lan""^* va xir li ki luat lao dpng hoSc tam dinh chi cong viec cua NLD mpt each tuy tien, vi pham nghiem trpng cac quy dinh ciia phap luat. Co tmang hpp NSDLD dat ra quy dinh "NLD bi sa thai khi khong tham gia lam them gio, ho5c kk hon, ho5c sinh con";''^' "NLD bi trir luang khi dk m6ng tay dai, ho3c ra vho phbng \hm viec khong dong cua, hoac an tai khu vuc san xult, hoSc d& ca uong nuac khong dung quy dinh, hoac di ve sinh qud 4 lan/ngky""^'... Han nua, do
(13) Nguon: hllp:/Auoilre vn/chinh-Ui-xa-hoi/543765/
vcci-2012-doanh-nghiep-nho-sieu-nho-o-vn-ngay- cang-tang.himl, Iruy c§p ngky 15/3/2015 (14).Xem "Nang suit, tien luong vk dt v? sinh phai tlpi mii". Bdo Phdp ludl Vi^i Nam, so 113/2013.
(15) Nguon: http.//daniri.com.vn/kinh-doanh/tru-luong- cong-nhan-vi-di-iol!et-qua-4-lan-mol-ngay-757712.htm, truyc^pngily 15/3/2015.
(16) Xem' B$ lao dpng. ihtiong binh v^ xa hpi, Bdo cdo long kit ddnh gid IS nam ihi hanh BQ lugt lao i^pn^.m Npi, 2011.
(17).Xem: Thanh tra Bp lao dgng, thucmg binh va xa hpi. ildd; htip.//danln.com.vnflcinh-doanh/tru-luong- cong-nhan-vi-di-tOLlet-qua^lan-moi-ngay-757712.htm, truy c^p ngiy 20/3/2015.
kh6ng cd quy dinh nen NLD khOng l»ct dugc gi& giac iam viec, nghi ngoi, cung nfai cac nghta vu cua minh de thuc hien, de <&
den vi?c NLD khong th\rc hien diing cfii^
viec hoac khong hoan thinh cong vi?c dugc giao. Vi the, phap luat can md rpng phamvi ban hanh npi quy lao dong de vua rito bupc trach nhi^m cua NSDLD trong vijc thiet lap, duy tri ki luat lao dpng, tSni cuang quy6n quan Ii lao dpng cua NSDIi) dong thai de bao ve quyen va lpi i'ch CM NLD trong dem vi, phu hpp voi th\rc den sir dung lao dpng a Viet Nam.
Th^ ba, dieo quy dinh tai khoan 3 Dieu 119, trudc khi ban hanh npi quy lao dgng, NSDLD phai tham khao y ki^n ciia t6 clific dai di^n tap the lao dpng tai co sd. Tuy nhien, hien nay phap luSt chua c6 quy dinh cu the vS so lupng dai dien phai Uiam khio cung nhu chua quy dinh hinh thiic tham khao (trvrc tigp trong phien hpp hay giin tiSp thong qua van ban). Vi the, vi?c lh(rc hien tham khao t6 chiic dai di?n tap the lao dpng khi ban hanh npi quy lao dpng d zk dan vi sir dung lao dpng dupc thyic hi?n khong thong nhSt. Do dd, viae tham khio chi mang tinh hinh thiic, khong the hi?D thuc chat viec bao ve quyln v& lpi ich cho tap the lao dpng trong don vj.
Thic lu, nhirng nam gin day, hau het dc doanh nghiep c6 uu \hk. vk doanh thu, khi nang canh tranh cao tren thi trudng da ban h^nh bp quy tac ung xii (mpt sd dan vj c6 si tay vSn hoa doanh nghiep) nhu; Cong d trach nhiem huu han Intel Product Vi?l
• TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 8/2016 NGHIEN CUV - TRAO Ddi
^ Nam (Intel Viet Nam), Tap doan Siemens, '"^ Cdng ti c6 phSn siia Vinamilk, Cdng ti may
^^"'1 Sdng Hong, Tap doan xang dAu Viet Nam '^^^ (Petrolimex), Tdng cdng ti dien luc miSn
^^f Bac v.v.. Tuy vao dac di6m va digu kien cu
•|'c|5 the cita mdi dan vi ma bp quy tac ling xir '^ ^ quy dinh cac npi dung khdc nhau. Song nhin ' ^ chung, bp quy tac iing xii bao g6m cac quy h dinh cua dan vi vg diSu kien lam viec an
•Mli toan, v? sinh; cac quy dinh vS thdi gian iam
™« vi?c; bao v? tai san dan vi; d6i xii trong lao
%i dpng (giiia NLD vdi ngudi quan li, giiia NLD vdi NLD, giiia NLD vdi khach hang);
il moi trudng iam viec; trach nhiem xa h6i...
lb Do tinh im viet trong viec chiia dung cac K quy dinh mem chu yeu la ve thdi d$ iing xii,
I ve van hoa giao tiep, trang phuc... nen cac
«(! don vi, nhat Ih. cac doanh nghipp kinh doanh t trong ITnh vuc dich vu, kinh te hau hk deu i ban hanh bp quy tac iing xu. Hien nay, ,|i[ khong chi doanh nghiep ma nhieu ca quan i nha nudc, don vi s\r nghiep (Thanh fra Chinh if. phu, Hai quan, Bp y te...) cung da ban hanh j[i bO quy tac iing xur.
IJ Tuy nhien, p h a p luat lao d p n g hien hanh JJ khong q u y dinh v e b p q u y tac iing xii. Vi
^ the, khdng cd co sd ph^p li chung cho viec Ij ban hanh van ban nay, tir dd khdng cd sir
kiem soit ciia ca quan cd thSm quygn nen dl I xdy ra finh trang NSDLD quy dinh trong bp quy tac ling xii nhung ndi dung bat lpi cho NLD. Ngoai ra, nSu phap luat khong quy dinh cy thk vin de quy tac ting xir thi khi Uanh chap xay ra li6n quan d^n cac hanh vi ling xii, CO quan cd thim quyen khd xac dinh
can Cli, dan den viec giai quy6t tranh chap khdng bao dam quydn va lpi fch ciing nhu s^r cdng bang cho cdc ben, nhat la NLD.
3. Tir nhiing phSn tfch tren, tic gia d6 xuat mpt so kien nghi sau:
Thli nhdt, can bo sung khai niem npi quy lao ddng. Trong mdi tuang quan vdi cac van ban npi bd khdc ciia dan vi sii dung lao ddng, phap lu^t can quy dinh khSi niem npi quy lao dpng trong DiSu 119 Bp luSt lao ddng. C\i the: Npi quy lao ddng la van ban do NSDLD ban hanh, quy dinh vh viec tuSn theo thdi gian, cdng nghe va di€u hanh san xuat kinh doanh, cdc bien phdp xir If ddi vdi NLD cd hknh vi vi pham ki luSt lao dpng nham duy tn ki luat lao dpng trong don vi.
Tir quy dinh nay, phdp luat ciing can chinh sira khai niem v6 ki luat lao dpng tai Dieu 118 Bp luat lao dpng cho phti hpp.
Thli hai, can md rpng pham vi bat bupc ban hanh n^i quy lao dpng. Theo dd, cdc don vi sir dung tir 5 NLD trd len phai cd npi quy lao dpng bang van ban. Trudc day ciing da cd kiln nghi ve vin dk ndy.*'^' Tuy nhien, Bp luat lao dpng nam 2012 van giii nguydn quy dinh trudc day. Dilu dd la khdng phil hpp vdi thirc tien sii d\ing lao dpng cua cdc doanh nghiep hien nay. VI thl, nhim bao dam va tang cudng ki luSt lao dpng trong cac doanh nghiep sieu nho nay, ciing nhu muc
(18).Xem: Tran Thj Thu^ Lam, "Ph^p Iu§t ve ki lu§t Iao dpng 6 Vi?l Nam - Thyc tr^ng vk phucmg hudng hokn thi^n", Ludn dn tien sT lugt HQC, Tmimg D^i hpc Lu§tHaN9i,HkNpi,2007, Ir, 140-141.
45
TAP CHI LUAT HQC SO 8/2016 NGH16N cim-TRAP Bil
dich huong den cua hoat dpng quan h' Iao dong, Chung loi cho ring, cin thiSl mo rpng pham vi ban hSnh noi quy lao d6ng.
Thli ba. can quy dinh cu Ihe so iupng dai dien va hanh Ihiic Iham gia y kiSn cua 16 chuc dai dien Idp thi Iao ddng t^i co so khi don vi ban hanh npi quy Iao dpng. Co nhir vay mcri bao dam thuc hien quy dinh ciia phSp luat mpl each th6ng nhat tren Ihuc 16, dong lh6i hao dam thuc chdi quy6n cua 16 chuc dai dien tap Ihe Iao dpng trong don vi su dung Iao dpng,
Thli lu. can quy dinh van d6 v5n hoa ung xu la mpl n^i dung chu yeu cua npi quy Iao dpng Irong khoan 2 Di6u 119 Bp luat Iao dpng thay vl dupc quy dinh Irong n6i dung
"Irat tu tai noi lam viec" nhu hien nay.'"' Theo do, phSp luat quy dinh NSDLD c6 IhS lich npi dung nay xay dung bp quy tic iing xii. Khi xay dung, ban hanh bp quy lie ling xu, NSDLB phai man Iheo cSc quy dinh nhu xay dung, ban hinh npi quy Iao dpng. Quy djnh nhu vay se co nhidu uu di6m:
MQI Id dap ling dupc nhu ciu thuc lien hien nay ciia cic don vj sii dung Iao dpng.
Viec phdp luat quy dinh v6 ba quy tic iing xii la su hpp phip hoa bp quy tic iing xir da, dang dupc ban h4nh 6 n h i k don vj sii dung lao dpng, nhit 14 doanh nghiep hien nay BM Irong trucmg hpp cin thiSt, NSDLD c6
( 9).Xem: Khoin 2 Biln 27 Nghj djnh cila Clilnh phi so 05/2015/ND-CP ngiiy 12/01/2015 ,ny dinh chi till vJ hudmg dan ihi hinh m«l si „«i dung ciia B6 luat lao dgng.
quyJn yeu cau NLD phai c6 Ihffl dfi, ling i j nhat ^ n h trong c6ng v i ^ , tflng cudng jf than thien, do4n kSt giiia nhflng NLD ho|;
giua NLB voi khich h»ng; nhat Ik cii NLD c6 hinh vi dinh, chui, xuc phiim danh du, nhan phim... cua NSDLD, NLD khfc ho^c khach hing... m i trong npi dung c ^ npi quy lao d^ng khong (chua) d(r liSu ik dugc. Khi da dupc quy dinh, bO quy lie ling xii kh6ng chi gdp phSn han ch6 toi di nhimg riii ro ve cin cii irong viec xu IIM luit lao dpng ciia NSDLD, m i cdn nhim bao dam vi ting cudng hon nfla quydn quii If lao dpng ciia NSDLD.
Hai Id g6p phan ting cudng quyen quk li Iao dpng ciia NSDLD theo hudng hi?n djii, nic Ii quan If Iao dpng khong chu yeu jlp dung bien phip mang ti'nh Ining phat, rin de NLD, m i chii irpng cic bi$n phip "mem deo" nhim tic dpng den tam If, y thiic NLB Irong vi?c thuc hipn nghia vy ciia rainh kii Iham gia quan hp lao dong.
Ba Id bao ve tdt hom quySn vi lpi fch hpp phip ciia NLD. Khi phip Iu|t thfla n h ^ bO quy tic ung xil trong don vj su dyng Iao dpng se ngin ngfla v i khic phuc dupc anh ttang NSDLD Iam quyen, tuy lien quy dinh cic van dS ve xu If ki luat Iao d^ng, trii Iuong, cil thuong, chim dlit hpp dong lao dpng... vdi NLD. Tfl d6, quydn vi Ipi fch cila NLD dupc dam bao ban.
Bon la the hi?n su phil hpp ciia phip lujt Vi^t Nam vdi phip luat cic quoc gia trtn the gidi. Bdi vi, 6 nhidu qudc gia tren thd gidi,
"Hi
TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 8/2016 NGHIEN CUV • TRAO BOI
IU tfl thdi Udn cong nghidp, NSDLD da thidt lap
«« vi ydu cau NLD phai tuan theo cic quy tic Nil ling xu do minh dat ra. Ddn nay, d nhidu
* ( quoc gia, trong hiu hdt cic tap doin kinh td, pill, cic cdng ti, don vi su dung lao dpng ddu ban Hii hinh bd quy tic ung xu. Ching han, d Thuy
i« Didn, NSDLD dupc "su dung quyen luc dan H phuang ban hdnh he thdng quy tdc img xit i^i cho dan vi minh nhdm Idc dong din Idm li. y W; thUc cua NLB Id chinh. Logi quy tdc ndy khd ic phd biin, miin la nhOng quy dinh trong do
<M: phil hfrp vdi nhiing Ihuc liin tot dfp cua thi y)j!; trudng lao dang".^^"' 6 Philipines, "NSDLB
quy dinh cdc quy tdc hap li vd cdc quy djnh IB cdn thiit, Irong do co quy Idc ling xii, miin [i; la nd Ihich hap cho hogt dong qudn li lao if dgng vti thich hap cho hogl dgng sdn xudi li kinh doanh cua minh ddng Ihdi dua ra mpt ip; so bifn phdp ki ludt di bdo ddm thuc Men i! cdc quy tdc ndi Iren".^^^^
ihi Ndm Id tao Co sd phip If dd co quan cd tham quyen thuc hien quan If nhi nudc vd ii lao dpng. Bdi ndu phap luat khong quy djnh i cy thd thi co quan quan If nha nudc khong cd I;! Cin cu dd kiem Ua, thanh Ira vide thuc hidn
phip lual lao ddng. Thuc td da cho thiy, i! trong nhimg nim qua, cic co quan cd thim quyen thuc hien thanh tra chfnh sich, phip
(20).Xem: Reinhold Fahlbeck, Bernard Johann Mulder,
"labour laws ofthe Sweden". Lund : Jurislforl, 2009 IT. 19-41.
(21).Xem Joselilo Guianan Chicn. Labour laws of the Philippines. htIp://www.chanrobles.com/P/VRT3.pdf, U-. 9. Iruy c4p ngiy 22/3/2015.
luat Iao ddng nhung trong ndi dung thanh u-a chua dd cap bd quy tic ling xii.t.'-^^
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Bp Iao dpng, thuong binh vi xa hpi, Tdi
lieu Iham khdo phdp luat lgo dQng nuac ngodi, Nxb. Lao dpng - xa hdi. Hi Npi, 2010.
2. Do Thj Dung, "Quyen thidt lap cong cu quan U Iao ddng ciia NSDLD", Tgp chi ludt hgc, sd 9/2015.
3. Tiin Thi Thuy Lim, "Phap luat vd ki lual lao dpng d Viet Nam - Thyc trang vi phuong hudng hoin thidn", Lugn dn tiin si lugt hoc, Trudng Dai hpc Luat Hi Ndi, H i Ndi, 2007.
4. "Nang suat, tidn Iuong vi di vd sinh phai dpi mu", Bdo Phdp ludt Vift Ngm, sd 113/2013.
5. Reinhold Fahlbeck, Bernard Johann Mulder, "Labour laws of the Sweden", Lund: Juristforl, 2009.
6. Vidn ngdn ngO hpc, Tii diin liing Vift, Nxb. Di Ning - Trung tam tfl dien hpc.
Hi Npi - Da Ning 2000.
7. http://mpitre.vn/chinh-lri-xa-hoi/543765/
vcci-20I2-doanh-nghiep-nho-sieu-nho-o- vn-ngay-cang-tang.html
8. http://danUi.com.vn/kinh-doanh/lru- luong-cong-nhan-vi-di-loilel-qua-4-Ian- mol-ngay-7577I2.htm
(22). Xem: Thanh u-a Bg lao dgng, Ihuong binh vi xa hpi, tldd.
