Thiic h e n - Kinh nghiem T p p c h i C d n g s d n
THAI BINH PHAT TRIEN KINH TL BIEN GAN V6I GIAI QUYET AN SINH XA HOI
VA BAO VE CHU QUYEN BIEN DAO
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ic:'' NGUYEN H O N G DIEN
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Nhdm phdt huy tiem ndng, the mqnh tu Men, gdp phdn dua nudc ta trd thdnh quoc gia mqnh ve Men, Idm gidu tubien, Thdi Binh chu truong tiip tue day mqnh phdt trien kinh te Men gdn vdi bdo ve moi trudng sinh thdi, tdng cudng quoc phong - an ninh, khong ngiing chdm lo xdy dung ddi sdng vdn hda, tinh thdn cho nhdn ddn, cung co vdng chdc he thong chinh tri vung ven Men.
T
HAI Binh ed tren 50 km bd bien vdi 5 cua sdng Idn do ra bien, tao nen vung bai trieu rpng tren 16 nghin hee-ta, trong dd dien tich khoanh nuoi thuy san khoang 10 nghin hee-ta va hang nghin hee-ta dat eay lua, lam muoi kem hieu qua e6 the ehuyen sang nudi cac loai thiiy san man, Ip.Vung them luc dja eiia tinh rpng tren 1 van km- vcri ngudn lpi hai san phong phu, da dang, CO nhieu loai ed gia trj kinh te, lai gan cac ngu trudng Idn giau tom ea. Cang thuong mai Diem Dien dupc dau tu nang cap tao dieu kien eho cac tau van tai bien. Hang ngan hee-ta rimg sij, vet phia ngoai de bien eiing vdi Con Vanh, Con ThU, Con Den tao nen he thong phdng thii ven bien vung chac, ket hop vdi nuoi thuy san, trong rimg ngap man, du ljch sinh thai. Nhan dan ven bien can eu ehju kh6, ed nhilu kinh nghiem trong khai thae, nudi trdng, che bien thiiy san va van tai bien.
Nhiing ket qua dang phan khoi
Nhan thiie dupe tiem nang, the manh cua bien, nhirng nam qua Thai Binh da huy dpng tong hop cac ngudn lire de phat triln kinh tl bien, gan phat trien kinh te vdi giai quyet an sinh xa hpi, bao ve chu quyen bien dao va dat dupe nhieu ket qua rat dang phan khdi.
Nuoi trdng thuy san co bude phat trien manh me ca ve dien tich, doi tupng, hinh thiie va san lupng. Vdi tren 3 nghin hee-ta dim da CO tiir nam 2000 dupe dau tu cai tao, hai huyen ven bien (Thai Thuy, Tien Hai) eon tich cue chuyen doi dat eay liia, lam mudi kem hieu qua sang nuoi thuy san, gop phin hinh thanh cac viing nudi thuy san tap trung, e6 quy mo Idn, tao viec lam, nang eao thu nhap eho nhilu hp nong dan, ngu dan. Tam nam qua, toan tinh da ehuyln ddi dupc 940 ha, gia tri 87 trieu -
* Uy vien Ban Thuwig vu Tinh uy. Truong Ban Tuyen giao Tinh ily Thai Binh
So 804 llhanR 10 nam 2009) 7 5
Thuc ri§n - Kinh nghiem
T p p c h i C d n g s d n93 trieu ddng/ha, eao gIp 4 - 6 lin eay liia, lam mudi. Ca biet, eo hp dat gia tri tir 200 trieu - 300 trieu ddng/ha. Cae loai hai san eo gia tri kinh tl nhu tdm su, ngao, ca vupe, cac bop, ea ro phi don tinh, cua xanh, torn he chan trang...
dupc ngu dan tiep thu dua vao nuoi luan canh, xen canh dat kit qua tdt. Nam 2008, san lupng nuoi trdng dat 24.958 tin, tang 168,4%, gia tri san xuat dat 164,7 ti dong (theo gia co dinh nam 1994), tang 150% so vdi nam 2000.
Nam 2008, so tau thuyen eo gidi c6 1.502 chiec, tdng cdng suat 47.381 CV. Ngu dan da tich cue dau tu doi mdi trang thiet bi, eai tien ludi nghe, md rpng ngu tnrdng khai thae, nhat la viec tham gia viing danh ca ehung Viet Nam - Trung Quoc. Chinh sach trp gia dau cila Chinh phU theo Quyet dinh so 289/QD-TTg, da gop phan dua san lupng khai thae hai san nam 2008 dat 32.106 tin, tang 72,3% so vdi nam 2000. Thai Binh da tap trung chuyen ddi chii sd hiru toan bp 38/38 tau khai thae hai san xa bd theo Quylt djnh sd 89/2003/QD-TTg ngay 8-5-2003 ctia Thu tudng Chinh phu, va la mdt trong nhirng tinh thue hien nhanh nhat trong ca nude.
Quy mo, nang lire, so don vj che bien tang manh, hien nay eo 8 doanh nghiep va 200 to hpp tu nhan, hp gia dinb tham gia che bien; e6 4 lang nghe ehe bien tap trung dupe UBND tinh cong nhan. Mat hang ehe bien dupc da dang, quy trinh cong nghe timg budc dupe nang eao. Tinh c6 59 co sd lam djch vu giong, thue an, thuoc thii y thuy san phue vu eho nhu cau nuoi trong, trong d6 co 3 trai san xuat tom giong, cua, ea vupe, ngao, ea hdp... Dac biet.
Thai Binh da thuc bien tiep nhan ehuyln giao thanh cong cong nghe san xuat giong torn su, cua xanh g6p phan ehu dpng mdt phan gidng trong tinh.
Den nam 2008, toan tinh da cd 200 doanh nghiep van tai bien, vdl 140 tau van tai ed Idn;
trong d6 da e6 tau 6.500 tan, nang lue van tai bien dat 300.000 tan phuong tien. Khdi lupng hang h6a van tai bien dat 1.227 ngan tan, gap
9,2 lin so vdi nam 2000. Do dupe dau tu md rpng, nang cap, lupng hang van ehuyen thong qua cang Diem Diln dat 39.000 tan, gap 3,9 lan so vdi nam 2000. Tinh hien ed 4 ea sd sira chiia, dong tau bien dang boat dpng, gdp phan giai quyet viec lam, tang ngudn thu cho tinh, giam chi phi cho cac doanh nghiep van tai bien trong viee sira ehiia, ddng mod.
He thdng giao thdng dudng bd tir trung tam tinh xudng 2 huyen Thai Thuy, Tien Hai, dirdng giao thong ndng thdn da va dang dupe diu tu nang cap, md rpng. Tii nam 2001 den nam 2008, tinh da xay dung va nang cap 696,92 km dudng, 56 cau va 1 eang bien, vdi tdng vdn dau tu 498,13 ti ddng, dudng 39B, dudng Vd Hdi di Diem Dien va dudng xuong bai bien Ddng Chau, eae tuyen xe buyt tir thanh phd dl Thai Thuy, Tien Hai...
Cdng tac trdng rimg ngap man ven bien dupc tich cue thue hien. Bang ngudn von ciia ehuong trinh 327, ehuong trinh 5 trieu hee-ta riing va ngudn von cua Hoi Chii thap dd Dan Maeh tai trp, nganh ndng nghiep va Hpi Chir thap dd tinh da tien hanh trdng mod, trong xen 7.514,5 ha vet, ban, dude, phi lao d 10 xa ven bien, dua dien tich trdng rimg ngap man trong loan tinh len 7.000 ha. Toan bd rimg ngap man da trd thanh vanh dai che chan va bao ve de bien khi cd bao va trieu eudng, bao ve vimg dam nudi thiiy san; tao nen su lang dpng boi tu phil sa nhanh; thuan lpi eho viec phat trien ngudn lpi thUy san. Day eiing la noi eu ngu cila khoang 200 loai chim, trong c6 e6 nhieu loai quy hiem dupe ghi trong saeh do the gidi;
trd thanh viing bao tdn thien nhien, tao ra eanh quan de phat trien du ljch sinh thai bien. He thdng rimg ngap man ven biln Thai Thuy, Tien Hai da dupe UNESCO cdng nhan la viing du trir sinh quyen can phai dupc bao ve chat ehe. Ciing vdi trong rimg ngap man, he thdng de bien dirpe dau tu xay dung, nang d p , duy tu,^ bao dudng vdi tdng sd vdn 286 ti ddng.
Den nay, da eo 66,8 km/158,4 km de bien dupc kien cd va cung hda, biio dam chdng dd dupc vdi bao cap 8 den elp 10.
76 S6 804 Ithang 10 nam 2009)
Thuc tien - Kinh nghiem T p p c h i C d n g s d n
Viee td chirc cac tuyen du ljch ket hpp vdi cae di tieh ljch su van boa, lang nghe, cac con, sinh thai bien budc dau da thu hut dupe du khach den tham quan, nghi dudng nhu tuyen du ljch bien Thai Binh - Dong Chau - Cdn Vanh, Thai Binh - Thai Thuy, tir nam 2001 din 2008 da thu hiit dupc 12.005 lupt khach qudc te, 216.000 lupt khach npi dja den tham quan, du ljch. Ket cau ha tang khu pho bien Dong Chau, du an Con Vinh, khu du ljch Con Den da va dang dupe dau tu xay dung, nang cap phue vu phat trien du lich.
Ciing vdi viee xay dung, cai tao nang cap 21 chp d eae xa ven bien, nhat la cac chp dau mdi, cdng tac xiic tien thuong mai, tim kiem thj trudng dupe day manh. Hang nam. Thai Binh da to chirc cho cac doanh nghiep, cac hpp tae xa eUa 2 huyen ven bien gap gd, trao doi de ky hpp dong mua ban vdi cac doanh nghiep che bien, tieu thu hang nong san, thUy san trong va ngoai nudc. Cae san pham nhu nudc mam, ea kho, mam tom, hai san tuoi song va dong lanh cua Thai binh da dupe tieu thu manh d cac thj trudng Idn, nhat la thj trudng Ha Npi. Nam 2008, tinh xuit khiu 493,8 tin tom dong lanh vdi kim ngach 2,57 trieu USD.
Ngoai ra, hang nam tinh con xuat khau theo eon dudng tieu ngach sang Trung Quoc tir 4 nghin den 5 nghin tan ngao, 2 nghin tan siia so ehe va khoang 1 tan hai san tuoi song khae vdi gia trj khoang 5 trieu - 6 trieu USD.
Thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi/nam d mpt sd xa ven bien ngay eang eao, dien hinh nhu d Nam Thjnh la 20,3 trieu ddng. Nam Phu: 18,7 trieu dong... Ty le hp ngheo giam, so hp kha, giau ngay eang tang. Chat lupng cudc song ctia nhan dan co nhieu chuyen bien. Ty le dan dupc diing nude sach d hai huyen ven bien da lang len 65,14% (nam 2008). Kit eiu ha ting kinh tl - xa hpi phat triln nhanh. Hau het cac xa da xay dung dupe tru sd lam viec, trudng hpe. tram y le, buu dien van hoa xa, dudng giao thong trong xa khang trang, saeh dep.
Ben eanh do, qua trinh khai thae, phat trien tiem nang kinh te bien ctia Thai Binh eting edn nhiing han che, kh6 khan chu yeu, nhu viec nuoi trong thiiy san chua tuong xung vdi tiem nang, chua thuc sir ben vung; phuang thiie nuoi chti yeu van la quang canh cai tien; kien thire ve khoa hoe - ky thuat cua phan Idn nong, ngu dan chua theo kip vdi yeu eau cua san xuat; nhan thiic eua mpt bp phan can bp, dang vien va quan chiing nhan dan trong viee phat trien kinh te bien eon ban ehe, van eon bieu hien tu tudng y lai, trong ehd vao sir bao cap cua Nha nudc; khai thae hai san ehii yeu la khai thae ven bd, so phircmg tien eong suat nho CO xu hirdng tang; djch vu hau can nghe ea chua dap irng yeu eau phat trien; he thong giao thong chua dap ung dupe nhu cau trong tinh hinh mdi; du ljch bien van trong tinh trang cham phat trien. Cae loai hinh, tuor, tuyen, diem du ljch chua hinh thanh ro net, ket cau ha tang vat chat ky thuat chua dong bp...
Mot so kinh nghiem riit ra
Tir thue tien phat trien kinh te bien cQa Thai Binh trong nhung nam qua co the rilt ra mpt so kinh nghiem:
Mot Id, danh gia dting tiem nang, vj tri, vai tro ciia bien va kinh te bien trong tong the phat trien kinh te - xa hpi cua tinh.
Dai hpi lan thir XVI ctia Dang bp tinh Thai Binh da xae djnh: "Day manh khai thae kinh te bien, nhanh ch6ng phat trien thanh nganh kinh te mui nhpn. Khuyen khich cac thimh phan kinh te dau tu phat trien kinh te bien, bao gom ca nuoi trong, danh bat, che bien, djch vu, van tai va du ljch...", eoi phat trien kinh te bien la mpt trong nam trpng tam can tap trung tao bude dot pha tang tnrdng kinh te ciia tinh. Cu the h6a Nghj quyet Dai hpi XVI cila Dang bp tinb, ngay 16-7-2001, Ban Thudng vu Tinh iiy da ban hanh Nghj quyet so 02-NQ/TU "Ve phat trien kinh te bien"". Nam 2003, Tinh uy da giao eho Sd Thiiy san (nay la Sd Nong nghiep
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Thuc ridn - Kinh nghiem
T p p c h i C d n g s ^ nva Phat triln ndng thdn) chu tri phdi hpp vdi Uy ban kilm tra Tinh uy va cac sd, nganh cd lien quan tiln hanh kilm tra viec lanh dao, ehi dao N'iec thuc hien Nghi quyet tai 2 huyen Thai Thuy, Tiln Hai, mpt sd xa ven bien va mpt sd sd, nganh eua tinh. Den thang 11-2006. Ban Thudng vu Tinh uy da to chu'c so ket 5 nam thue hien Nghi quylt so 02 "Ve phat trien kinh tl biln'"; hien, dang chi dao tong ket 8 nam thue hien nghi quyet. Thong qua d6, phat huy nhiing mat manh. kip thdi uon nan nhiing khuylt dilm. ton tai trong qua trinh trien khai d timg dja phuong, eo sd.
Hai Id, trien khai xay dung quy hoaeh tong
thi lam eo sd cho cae nganh, dia phucmg xay dung quy hoaeh chi tiet; kip thdi ban hanh co ehe, ehinh saeh thu hiit eae thanh phan kinh te tham gia dau tu phat trien kinh te bien.
Thai Binh da va dang tich cue trien khai xay dung va thue hien quy hoaeh long the phat trien kinh te - xa hpi huyen Thai Thiiy. Tien Hai den nam 2020; quy hoaeh tong the phat trien kinh te - xa hpi viing ven bien (gom 30 xa d hai huyen Thai Thuy. Tien Hai); quy hoaeh phat trien du ljch dai ven bien Tien Hai; quy hoaeh khu du ljch Dong Chau; quy hoaeh khu du ljch sinh thai Cdn Vanh, Con Den; quy hoaeh tong the phat trien thuy san tir nam 2001 den 2010; quy hoaeh tong the phat trien giao thong den nam 2020, quy hoaeh phat trien eong nghiep den nam 2010 va 2020; quy hoaeh phat trien thuong mai den nam 2010.
Thue hien Nghj quyet Hpi nghj lan thti tu Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang khoa X "Ve chien lupc bien Viet Nam den nam 2020'", Thai Binh dang chi dao xay dung De an phat trien kinh te bien thdi ky 2010 den 2015 va 2020. Cac sd, nganh theo ehiic nang, nhiem vu da tieh cue tham muu eho Tinh iiy, UBND tinh ban hanh eae quy djnh, ehinh sach phue vu phat trien kinh te bien. Viec trien khai cac chinh saeh d6 da tao dieu kien thuan lpi eho cac thanh phan kinh te tham gia dau tu phat trien kinh te bien. Den nam 2008, da eo 290
doanh nghiep dang ky va boat dpng trong Hnh vue van tai bien, khai thae nudi trdng, ehe biln, du hch vdi tong sd von dang ky 5.186 ti ddng, trong d6 1 doanh nghiep co von dau ur nudc ngoai vdi tdng sd vdn 4,8 trieu USD.
Ciing vdi khu cong nghiep Tien Hai. khu ngu nghiep Tan Son, cum eong nghiep Cua Lan...
eae doanh nghiep va nhieu lang nghe vung ven biln da gop phan giai quyet viec lam cho hang ngan lao ddng. Theo thong ke so bd, tdng von dau tu loan xa hdi viing ven bien giai doan 2001 - 2008 d^t khoang 8.898 ti ddng, bing 16.5% so vdl tdng von dau tu toan xa hpi tren dja ban tinh.
Ba Id. gin phat trien kinh te bien vdi nhiem
vu bao ve viing chac qudc phong - an ninh tren bien, giii viing dn djnh chinh tri cua cac dia phuong ven bien.
Nhung nam qua, Tinh uy, UBND tinh da chi dao cae nganh cdng an, quan sir, bien phong phoi hpp chat ehe vdi eae doan the ehinh trj - xa hpi va dja phuong trong viec pho bien, tuyen truyen, giao due cho can bo va nhan dan, cac chii phuong tien, cac co quan, doanh nghiep, nang eao nhan thue, gan phat trien kinh te vdi nhiem vu bao ve ehu quyen tren bien. Phat huy stic manh dai doan ket toan dan trong nhiem vu bao ve an ninh To quoc, xay dung the tran phdng thu ven bien. Ban Tuyen giao Tinh uy phoi hpp cung eae nganh chuc nang, eae co quan thong tin dai chiing thue hien bleu qua ehuong trinh ky ket giira tinh Thai Binh vdi Bp Tu lenh Hal quan day manh eong tae tuyen truyen ve bien, dao. Thue hien npi dung tuyen truyen qua cac hdi nghj, boat ddng giao lim van hda, van nghe, mpt each CO he thong, tren pham toan tinh. Vira qua. Thai Binh da to chuc thanh eong "gid hpe loan tinb"' vdi ehu de "chii quyen bien gidi quoc gia va traeh nhiem ciia mdi cdng dan".
Lan dau tien mpt phuong thire tuyen truyen mdi - tuyen truyen true tuyen qua sdng truyen hinh tinh da dupe dong dao can bd, dang \ ien va nhan dan hirdng ung tich cue, ddng tinh, danh gia eao.
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Si)4 ithanu 10 nam 2009)Thuc Hen - Kinh nghiem T a p c h i C d n g s d n
Viec day manh cac boat dpng tuyen truyen, nang cao y thue giae ngd chinh trj eua can bp, nhan dan tren dia ban da g6p phan quan trpng vao viec xay dung, cung co co sd ehinh trj eae xa ven bien. Ket qua danh gia, phan loai 10 nam qua, co 93% sd to chuc co sd dang, chinh quyen eiia 14 xa, thj Iran ven bien dat trong saeh, virng manh, 90% so to chirc doan the co phong trao hoat dpng kha. Nhan dan da eung cap hang nghin nguon tin eo gia trj giup cho cac lire lupng chtic nang ngan chan, bat giii, phoi hpp giai quyet kip thdi eae vii, viee tieu circ lien quan den an ninh trat tu va boat dpng ton giao tren dja ban. Phong trao quan ehiing tham gia tu quan dia ban ngay eang dupe nhan rpng vdi nhieu mo hinh, dien hinh tien tien.
Cae lue lupng cdng an, quan sir, bien phong da tieh cue tham gia dien tap, thue hien phong, chong lut bao, tim kiem ctiu nan tren song, tren bien. Da eo 48 tau khai thae hai san to chirc hiep dong noi mang thdng tin vdi cae don bien phong nham bao ve eho ngu dan san xuat va kjp thdi thong tin xir ly nhung tinh huong tren bien. Cac chucmg trlnh tang gia san xuat, cung cap nude saeh, quan dan y ket hpp dupc day manh, vLraj)huc vu tai eho eho bp dpi, vira eai thien ddi sdng eho nhan dan.
Phat huy truyen thong tuong than tuong ai, uong nude nhd nguon, eae don vj lire lupng vu trang da van dpng can bp, chien si dong g6p, true tiep to ehiie xay dimg nha tinh nghia, tang so tiet kiem tinh nghia, nhan phung dudng cae ba me Viet Nam anh himg, nhan dd dau eae chau hpe sinh eae gia dinh ngheo, tham gia xoa mil ehir cho cac chau va ngu dan tai Con Vanh.
Bdn la, gin phat trien kinh te vdi viec nang eao ddi song vat chat, tinh than ciia nhan dan vimg bien.
Tinh da ehi dao eae huyen, thanh pho, eae nganh, doan the, cac don vi kinh te d tuyen sau phat d()ng manh me phong trao hudng ye nhan dan va chiln si bien phong bang nhieu hoat done thilt thue. nhu to chirc eae doan di tham.
tang qua can bp, chien si, cac doi tupng chinh sach va nhan dan tren dja ban vao cac djp le, tet; nhan dd dau, ket nghia vdi cac don vi bien phong; xay dung cac cong trinh phong thii bien gidi... Ket qua eiia phong trao khong chi g6p phan giai quyet kh6 khan ve vat chat, tinh than cho nhan dan va can bp, chien si bp dpi bien phong, ma dieu y nghia hon la da dpng vien, CO vii nhan dan, can bp, chien sT dang ngay dem gin giir bien euong To quoc hoan thanh tot nhiem vu.
Cac le hpi truyen thong viing ven bien dupc duy tri to chire da dap iing nhu cau ve van h6a tam linh, tinh than cua ngudi dan dja phuong va du khach thap phucmg. Phong trao toan dan doan ket xay dung ddi song van hoa dupc eae cap uy, ehinh quyen thudng xuyen quan tam lanh dao, chi dao, dupc nhan dan hudng iing tich cue. Nam 2008, co 80,15% gia dinb, 35,3% don vj cua 2 huyen ven bien dat ehuan van h6a (mirc binh quan ehung cua tinh lan lupt la 72,5%, 35%). He thong thiet che van hoa timg budc dupe kien toan. Den nay, tat ca eae xa ven bien co nha van hoa, diem buu dien van h6a, til sach phap luat. Phong trao van nghe, the thao quan ehung ngay cang phat trien, thu hut dupc dong dao nhan dan tham gia. Khoi dai doan ket trong cpng dong dan eu dupc eung eo; tinh lang nghia xom them ben chat; long tin cua nhan dan vdi Dang, vdi chinh quyen ngay cang dupc nang cao. Day ehinh la dpng lire de ngan chan, day lui eae quan diem sai trai, san pham van hoa dpe hai xam nhap vao dia ban.
Nham phat huy hon niia tiem nang, the manh tir bien. Thai Binh chu truong tiep tue day manh phat trien kinh te bien gan vdi bao ve moi trudng sinh thai, cung eo quoc phdng - an ninh; khong ngung cham lo xay dung ddi song van hoa, eung co viing chac he thong chinh trj viing ven bien, tich cue phan dau g6p phan ciing ea nudc den nam 2020 dua nudc ta trd thanh quoc gia manh ve bien, lam giau tir bien. 3
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