PHAN DINH THAM QUYEN G I O A TRUNG l/ONG VA DjA PHUONG TRONG LUAT TO CHaCCHINHQUYENOIA PHUONG

NGHItN CtfU-TRAO o d l

PHAN DINH THAM QUYEN G I O A TRUNG l/ONG VA DjA PHUONG TRONG LUAT TO CHaCCHINHQUYENOIA PHUONG

NGUYEN THANH HOA

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1. Phin djnh tham quyfin giua tnmg uong vi ctiinh quyfin dja phirong then Lu^r Tdchiic chinb quygn diaphuongnim 2015

Phin cip ndi ehung vi phin eip quin ty hinh cbinh ndi rieng hifin nay dang li mgt xu hudmg. Thye tfi chp thay, mflc dp phin cip quin ty quyfit djnh mflc dp ty chu, tu ehiy trich nhifim cfla ctiinh quyfin dja phuang (CQDP). Nfiu mite dp phan cip eing ton tiii CQDP cfl ttich nhifim eing lfim trong vific cung cap cac dieh vy efing vi pham vi tham quyen quyet djnh eie vin de chinh sieh cua dja phuong eung eang ton vi ngugc lai.

Chinh vi vjy, dfi tao co sft phip ty cho vific pbin dinh tham quyfin gifla trung uong vi dja phuomg, Luit Td chdc CQDP nam 2015 da efl nhflng quy dinh cu thfi hfla sy phin djnh thim quyen giiia trung uong va dia phuang ttfin mpt sfl nfli dung sau:

.Mdl la, vfi cie nguyfin tie phan djnh

tham quyfin giita Trung uong vi CQDP.

Khoin 2 Difiu 11 Lu$t Tdchdc CQDPnM 2015 di quy djnh 6 nguyfin tie vfi phin djnh tham quyfin, gflm: tiio dam quin ly n h i nufte ttiong nhJt vfi thfi chfi, chinli sich, chifin tirpc va quy huach dfli vdi cic nginh, tinh vuc; bin dim tinh thfing nhft thflng suot Clia nfin hinh ehinh qufic gia.

Phit huy quyfin ty ehu, ty chju trich nhifim eua CQDP. Kfit hpp chit chfi giiia quin ty thep nginh vfii quin ty theo IJnh thfl, phin djnh rfl nhifim vu quin ty nhi nuoe giua CQDP eie eip dfli vfii cic hojl dpng kinh tfi - xa hpi trfin dia bin linh thi.

Vific phan djnh tham quyfin phii phu hgp difiu kifin, djc difim nflng thfln, dfl tiij, hii dio vi djc thu cua cie nginh, Unh vyc.

Cfing vific lifin quan den pbam vi tu hai don vj hinh cbinh eung cip trft Ifin thi thupe thim quyfin giii quyfit cua chinli

* Tap chf Giao thong van tai

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NGHItN curu-TRAO o d l

quyfin cip ttfin (tru truong hpp lujt, nghj quyfit cua Quoc hdi, phip lfinh, nghi quyfit eua Uy ban Thuong vy Quflc hfli, ngbj dinh eua Chinh phu cfl quy djnh khic). CQDP dupc bao dim ngufln lire dfi thyc lufin cie nhifim vu, quyfin ban di dupc phin quyen.

phin eip.

Hai la, phin quyfin dupc tiifiu li su phan chia. phin cflng. phin hfla quyfin ban mi trong dfl eo quyfin tuyfit dfli eua tnmg uong vi quyfin tu chu. tu chiu trieh nhifim ciia CQDP. Vific phin cip, phin quyfin thirong efl hai xu huftng: (1) Cic co quan trung uong lufin muon thu hut quyfin lyc, lam thay co quan cip duoi va CQDP:

(2) Cic eip CQDP lufin munn quyfin tychu cap non. D P vjy, viee phin eip, phin quyfin phii lufin dat dudi su dieu chinh cua eie vin ban phip lujt.

Nhjn thiic dupc vin de quan ttpng niy, Lu|t rrfchirc CrJDPnim 2015 da quy dinh vific phin quyfin eho cie eip CQDP phai dupe quy djnh ttpng cic lujt; CQDP ty chfl, ty chiu trich ntiifim ttnng vific thuc hifin cic nhifim vy, quyfin ban dupc phin quyfin (Difiu 12). Ve phin cip, Luat quy dinh can cu vio yfiu eiu cflng tic, khi ning thyc hifin vi difiu kifin, tinh hinb cy the khic cua dia phirong, caquan nha nufte ft trung uong vi dia phuong dtrpc quyfin phin cip cho CQDP hojc co quan nhi mrdc cip dufii thyc hifin mpt cich lifin tue, thufimg xuyfin mpt hoic mpt sfl nhifim vy, quyfin ban thupc thim quyen eua minh, trfl trufirng hpp pbip lujt cd quy dinh khic.

Vific phan eJp phii dupe quy dinh ttong vin bin quy pham phip lujt cua ea quan nhi ntrdc thyc hien phin cip.

Ba la, uy quyen tai Difiu 14 Luit Td cbiic CQDP nam 2015 quy dinh trong truang hgrp cin thifit, co quan hanh chinh

n h i ntrdc cip ttfin co thfi iiy quyfin bing vin ban do UBND cap dudi hoic co quan, tfl ehirc khic thtrc hifin mflt hojc mpt so nhifim vu, quyfin ban eua minh trong khoang thoi gian xae djnh kfim theo cie dieu kien ey thfi.

Nhu vay, Luat Td chuc CQDPnim 2015 quy djnh ey thfi hon nguyfin tie phin quyen di dupe giii nhin ttnng Hifi'n phap nam 2013. Tuy nhifin, cae difiu kifin bin dam thyc thi eho cic quy djnh ve phin dinh tham quyen nay xfit ttong boi cinh hifin nay ft \'iet Nam dang li van dfi can bin. Khi xem xfit npi dung eua cic quy djnh nay. efl thfi thiy edn mflt sfl vuong mic sau:

Vific pbin dinh tham quyen giua trung uong vi CQDP moi ehi dtmg tai ft nguyfin tie. ttong khi dd, vific thuc thi tham quyfin cua timg eip chinh quyen li nhflng boat ddng cy the ttong nhung linh vuc cu the. Do dd, nfiu chi dimg tai ft mirc dp nguyfin tic thi kha nang bao dim thtrc thi li chtra du. Hifin nay, khi xem xfit cic quy dinh vi chflc nang, nhifim vy gifla trung uong vi CQDP trong cflng mpt linh vue thi cd the thay, ve Inai nhifim vy cua trung uong vi CQDP li giflng nhau, ehi khie nhau vi quy mfi, tiie la mpt nhifim vy thue hifin trfin tpin bfl Ianh thfl hojc ehi thuc hifin ttong pham vi dia phuong. Do dfl, dfi ttinh chfing chfio thi viec phin dmh tham quyen giiia co quan nhi nudc ft trung uong vi dja phuong khflng chi dimg lai ft nguyfin tic ma cfin phii ey thfi ft quy mfl thue hifin vi toai ehiic nJng, nhifim cua timg cap chinh quyen. Vi du, nhiem vy quy hoaeh, ke hoaeh nfin giao eho eic dom vj hinh cbinh ton nhu cip tinh, con cap huyfin vi xi thi khong cdn chiic nang quy hoaeh niia.

TAP CHl Q U A N LY N H A NUdC - Sd 248 (9/2016)

NGHItN caU-TRAO o d l

- Luit To chiic CQDP nam 2015 eung chua de cjp mfli quan hfi gifla CQDP vfii nhau tfieo ehieu ngang, day li mfli quan he ve tiiim quyfin ngang hing. Thue tifin cic quflc gia khie eho thiy. moi quan hfi yfi tiiam quyen tiieo chieu ngang gifla cac eip CQDP cimg eip sfi mo ra co hpi dfi cie co quan nbi nufic tai eic dia phuomg khie nhau cd the eung ket hop dfi tiiyc bien mpt so boat dpng ttong pham vi eua nhifiu dja phuong, djc bifit li ttong cic tinh vue quin ty vfi giao thflng, dfl thj, khai thae sflng, bifin, du ljch... Do dfl, thay vi tpi ich eye bfl cua tung dia phuong, cac du in cd sy kfit hpp cua cbinh quyfin nhifiu dja phuong sfi mang lai hifiu qui cap hon. Tuy nhifin, quy dinh cua Luit Td chuc CQDP nam 2015 Vila "muon" tang tinh ty chu eho CQDP nhung khi cfl cong vific lifin quan dfin pham vi tit hai don vi hanh chi'nh cflng cip trft lfin thi tiiupc tham quyfin giii quyfit eua chinb quyfin eip tren. Dieu niy phan nin da mau thuan voi dinh hudmg tu chu cbo CQDP eic cip.

2. Mfit sfl dfi xuit vfi phin djnh thim quyfin giita tnmg uong vi CQDP

Phin djnh thim quyfin gitta trung uong vi CQDP li mgt ngi dung cyc ky quan ttgng trong tfi chflc va boat dfing cua bp miy nha nuac ma Ding ta quan tam tu tiu cflng vol qua trinh thiic hien dfli men Tuy nhien. cho dfn nay. nfii dung vfi cic nguyen tic vi viee xac dinh cie tbam quyfin cy the cua ttmg eip chinh quyfin vin li mpt ddi tupng khdng ngimg vjn dpng, bifin dfii, ddi hdi nhiing ngufii lim chinh sich phii tiep tyc tbyc hifin nhieu nghien ciru vfi nd. Thyc tifin dang djt ra nhu ciu xac dinh khong chi li nguyfin tic phin dinh thim quyen giiia ttung uong vi CQDP mi ddi hdi viee cy thfi hfla cic nguyen tic dfl trong vific xic dinh tham

quyfin ey thfi eua ttmg cip ehinh quyfin.

Do dfi, ein khic phye dtrpc nhtmg bifiu hifin bat cjp vi tfin tai ngay ttong chinh hf tiiflng phan cap chmh quyen hifin nay cua Vifit Nam, ey tiifi nhu sau:

Thli nhit, can khic phye tinh ttang trung trcmg fim dflm, ban bifin vi tim thay dja phuang.

Tinh trang niy da din dfin hju qui li eic CO quan cap cao cfl quyfin giii quyfit nhung tai khflng co kha ning giai quyfit tfit, eon cie eo quan eip co sft li eip sit vdi nguai dan, efl day dil ning lire thyc till nhung lai khfing cfl tiiam quyfin giii quyfit Dfi trinh hifin tupng quan lifiu, bao bien, dflng thdi giim hot hifin tupng ich tie ttong giii quyfit eflng vific, dfii hdi phii phin cip quin ly nhifiu hon nfla, tang cuong them nhifim vu, quyfin ban cho chinh quyfin cap eo sft (mi chu yfiu li nhimg nhifim vy, quyfin ban tifin quan dfin viee tfl chuc thye thi phap lujt) dfi chinh quyfin eo sft ed thfi ty giii quyfit dugc hiu tifit eic edng viee lifin quan dfin dfiri sfing hing ngiy eua ngiroi din. TJng quyfin han, dong tiifli eung efl nghia la ting thfim ttich nhifim vi lpi ich cho eo sft, ting ein bfi cfi nang tyc cho cip co so.

Doi vdi Vifit Nam bifin nay, difiu quan ttpng li cin tifip tyc phin quyfin, phin cip nhifiu bon eho ehinh quyfin co sft, nhit li tang tinh ty quin eho eo sft nhim phit huy kbi ndng sing tao. quyfin ty chu, ty chju trich nhifim cua nhin dan vi ehinh quyfin cip CO sft. Vi nguyfin tic, nfiu dja phirong hay eip duoi du nang lire dfi tifin hinh cic boat dpng nha nufic nio dfl cfl hifiu qui hon so vdi ttung uong, so vfii cip trfin thi can manh dan phin cip cbo dia phuong, eho eip dufii de trung uong, cip ttfin c6 difiu kifin giii quyfit cae vin dfi vl mfi, mang tinh chat chifin lupc cbo dit nudc

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NGHItN ciiru-TRAOodl

khfing mat nhieu edng sfle, thfii gian vin nhiing cdng viec ma trung uong hojc cap ttfin giii quyfit it hifiu qui.

Thiihai, khic pbye tinh ttang thuc thi thim quyfin cua ttmg cap ehinh quyfin khong phu hpp vdi nguyfin vpng cua ngiroi din dia phirong.

CQDP dupc thifit tjp nhim tfl chirc thuc hifin cie chinh sich vi phip luat cua Nhi nudc tai dja phuomg. nhung qui trinh niy khflng difin ra mflt chifiu. Nhin din dja phuong vira la ehu thfi eua quyfin luc nhi nufic. dflng thfii eflng la dfii tupng huong tdi cua quyfin luc nhi nudc. Vi vjy. CQDP boat dfing khflng the tich rfii tpi ich eua nhan din dia phirong. Ctiinh sieh vi phip luat cua Nhi nudc chi cfl thfi dupc thtrc hien khi nfl phu hpp vfli y ehi. nguyfin vpng cua nhin din dja phiromg. Tuy nhien.

CQDP theo nguyfin tie tjp trung din chu vin phii bio dim tinh thflng nhit cua bp miy nhi nudc, khi dd. lgi ich cfla dja phuong dtrpc hii hfla ttong tflng thfi lpi ich cfla quflc gia. Trong mpt vii trudmg hgrp. vi lpi ich cua quflc gia ma Ipi ich cua dia phirong cfl thfi bj anh hirong.

Thli ba, dip ting nhu ciu ning cao ning lyc cho chinh quyfin cap co sft. CQDP nfin tjp tnmg vio don vj hinh chinh eo sft thyc hifin giiia tnmg trong vi dia phuong.

nghia li thupc tfiim quyfin cua ttung uong nhung dupc thyc hifin thfing qua cic dia phuomg. Su phin djnb nhu vjy sfi vira bio dam dupc sy thflng nhit ehimg ttfin pham vi ci nudc, \Tia bin dam tinh da dang, ttiifit thyc, Unh hnat trpng quin ty nhi nuoe ft mfli dja phuong; dflng thoi, cung tap cho mfli dia phuang sy chu dpng. sing tao khi quyfit dinh cic van dfi cfi Ufin quan dfin lpi ieh cua dia phuomg minh. tao ra sy thi dua gitia eic dia phtrong trong khufln khfl Hieh phip va phip lujt.

6 Viet Nam. moi quan hfi din cu dia phtrong va CQDP dirpe thue hien thfing qua CO quan dai difin ti HDND. Tuy nhifin.

HDND lai khong phai la co quan ty quin dia phirong nfin ft mpt chimg muc nao dd, nfl eflng khong thfi dai difin day du cbo y ehi eua ngudi din dia phuang. Viy, tim thfi nio de HDND thfi bien mpt cich diy dfl nhit y chi cua ngudi dan dja phiromg? Dfl la ehi khi nguoi din dja phuong ed the quyet djnh dtrpc co ciu nhin sy cfla HDND tiiflng qua vific thuc hien quyfin bau cu cua minh. De thuc hifin dupe quyfin biu eu thi ngtrdi din phii "bifit" thflng tin vi cic ung cu vifin. "bifit" chirong trinh hanh ddng cfla cic dai bifiu khi trflng eu.

"bifit" kfit qui boat dpng eua dai bifiu, tfl dd, lua ebon dupc ngudi efl du tti, tii, tim tham gia vao co quan dai difin cho y chi vi nguyfin vpng che din cu dia phuong.

Thli tu, khing djnh vai ttfi, trich nliifim tu quyfit. tu eluu trieh nhifim cfla CQDP.

Phin cip, phin quyfin cho CQDP ein lim rfi vi khing djnh nguyen tie ty quyfit, tu chiu ttach ntiifim eiia CQDP,dJc tiiet li HDND vi UBND cip tinh. Trong dd, tat ci nhifim vy cua cic co quan nhi nirfte trfin dia bin (trir trudmg hgrp djc bifit), ngufii dung diu pbii ehju trich nhifim. Tuy nhifin, phii phin dinh diu li ttich nhifim triic tifip, giin Hfip, ehu yfiu, thfl yfiu...

Nhung vin dfi phyc vy true tifip nhin din thi giao ehu yfiu cho CQDP (cic bp, nginh ft trung utmg khflng tham gia tryc tifip m i chu yeu lim chiie ning kifim tra, hufimg din) nhu: van dfi xiy dimg ket eiu ha ting, sin xuit, dfii sflng, vin boa, y tfi, giio duc.D

TMIigu tbam khio:

1. Hiin phap nam 2013.

2. Luar Td chuc cbinh quyin dia phirong nam 2015.

TAP CHl Q U A N Lt NHA NUdC - Sd 248 (9/2016)