Unit 6: Lobal warming
A. PHONETICS
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. dinner B. disappear C. discover D. dinosaur 2. A. robot B. robe C. rock D. role 3. A. constant B. modern C. obvious D. robot 4. A. continue B. finish C. likely D. instant 5. A. annual B. basic C. average D. capacity
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. importance B. happiness C. employment D. relation 2. A. possible B. cultural C. confident D. supportive 3. A. office B. nature C. result D. farmer 4. A. difficult B. popular C. effective D. national 5. A. answer B. reply C. singer D. future B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR
1. Choose the correct word in the bracket to complete the sentences.
deforestation heat-related emissions extinction absorb catastrophic footprint diversity preserve infectious 1. Global warming has proved truly ____________ for the environment.
2. Having measured the company's carbon ___________, they realised that the amount of carbon dioxide (CO) it produced was great.
3. Rainforests have the highest species _____________ on the earth.
4. We need to _______________ the diversity of wildlife because each species has an important role to play.
5. Scientists have warned about the relationship between climate change and the spread of _________________ diseases.
6. The alarming rate of ____________ results in damage to the quality of the land.
7. The increase in the earth's temperature can cause __________ illnesses which can be dangerous to people.
8. A large amount of carbon dioxide ________ are released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.
9. Many species are threatened with _______ due to deforestation and loss of habit.
10. More trees should be planted as they ________ carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.
IL. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line.
1. Global warming may lead to __________ weather events, including heat waves, floods, and powerful storms, which could affect people's lives. (EXTREMELY) 2. Every one of us can help to protect and sustain our environment by __________
our consumption habits. (CHANGE)
3. Even slight increase in the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can cause a _______________ rise in temperature. (SIGNIFICANCE)
4. There is a _____ between the recent droughts and climate change. (CONNECT) 5. Farming contributes more than 30 percent of the total greenhouse gas ________.
(EMIT)
6. The overuse of chemical ____________ is a serious threat to the environment.
(FERTILIZE)
7. Global warming is the increase in the earth's average surface temperature due to the warming ______________ of greenhouse gases. (EFFECTIVE)
8. The main cause of _________________ warming is the burning of fossil fuels, such as natural gas, oil, and coal. (GLOBE)
9. The ____________ of the earth's atmosphere causes sea-level rise. (WARM) 10. Many animal species are in danger of extinction due to the loss of their habitat and inability to ______________ to climate change. (ADAPTION)
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
1. Developed countries are responsible for 80% of the ____ carbon dioxide that is already in the atmosphere.
A. man-made B. men-made C. man-making D. man-mades 2. The government must take ____ to cut vehicle emissions.
A. measures B. repeat C. discover D. ban
3. They didn't forget ____ a short vacation in Cuc Phuong National Park last year.
A. being spent B. having been spent C. to spend D. having spent
4. The effects of climate change on humans and nature are ____.
A. catastrophic B. temperature C. global D. risk
5. A layer of greenhouse gases – primarily water vapor, and carbon dioxide - acts as a ____ blanket for the Earth, absorbing heat and warming the surface.
A. heat B. heating C. thermal D. hot 6. We admired the Japanese ____ the city of Fukushima after the disaster.
A. to being rebuilt B. for having rebuilt C. to rebuild D. of having rebuilt
7. We need to preserve the ____ of wildlife because each species has an important role to play.
A. diversity B. various C. population D. type 8. Most climate scientists agree the main cause of the current global warming trend is human expansion of the greenhouse ____.
A. gas B. damage C. cause D. effect
9. ____ trees around the house on the south and west sides, they can save up to about $250 a year on cooling and heating.
A. Having planted B. Being planted C. To plant D. To have planted
10. The increase in the earth's temperature can cause ____illness which can be dangerous to people.
A. heat-related B. heat-relate C. heat-relating D. heated-relate
11. Certain ____ in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, block heat from escaping.
A. gases B. layers C. effects D. emissions 12. Having developed green technologies with low-carbon emissions, ____ intends to get rid of coal.
A. that country B. the communities C. the effort D. the possibility
13. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary ____ gases that cause global warming.
A. greenhouse B. house C. plant D. home 14. Carbon dioxide is released through ____ processes such as respiration and volcano eruptions and through ____ activities such as deforestation, land use change, and burning fossil fuels.
A. man-made B. ordinary-man-made C. human natural D. natural-human
15. Vietnam has been named among the 12 countries most ____ for climate change by the World Bank.
A. at danger B. in risk C. at risk D. ready C. READING
I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.
landslides biodiversity conditions temperature rainfall economic farmland impacts agencies support
Vietnam Likely to Face Extreme Weather Conditions by 2050
Vietnam is likely to continue facing extreme weather (1) _______ such as higher (2) __________, lower summer rainfalls, stronger storms, and rising sea levels from now to 2050. Temperature in northern Vietnam will rise by between 0.83 degrees Celsius by 2050 and continue its uptrend during the late 21st century.
Summer (3) _________ will decline in most areas. Meanwhile, storms may become rarer but fiercer, causing possible flash floods and (4) ___ in flood-prone areas of northern mountains, central and central highland provinces. The forecasts suggest sea level rise of 100mm-400mm along the entire Vietnamese coast by the end of the 21st century, affecting marine (5) _____ and coastal communities. The experts emphasize the unpredictability of climate change and its potential (6) ____
to create a variety of dangerous extreme weather events in the future.
To raise the public awareness of climate change impacts, the Vietnamese government urges concerned (7) _______ to work together on devising worst-case scenario models and responses by 2020 and calls on international experts to further (8) _______ Vietnam in climate change adaptation. Climate change is a real threat to Viet Nam's socio-(9) _______ development. If sea levels rose one meter, five percent of the country's land, eleven percent of its population and percent of its (10) ________ would be affects.
II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Consequences of Global Warming on Wildlife
Increasing global temperatures are expected to (1) ____ ecosystems, pushing extinction to those species that cannot adapt. The first comprehensive assessment of the extinction risk (2) ____ global warming found that more than 1 million species could be extinctive by 2050 if the current rate continues.
A recent study of (3) ____ 2,000 species of plants and animals discovered movement toward the poles at an average rate 3.8 miles per decade.
The latest climate change report found that approximately 20 to 30 percent of plant and animal species assessed so far are likely to be at (4) ____ risk of extinction if global average temperature increases by more than 2.7 to 4.5 degree Fahrenheit.
(5) ____ polar bears are drowning because they have to swim longer distances to reach ice floes. The U.S. Geological Survey has predicted that (6) ____ of the world's polar bear populations will be extinct by the mid-century due to melting of the Arctic ice cap.
The ocean will continue to become more acidic due to carbon dioxide emissions. (7) ____ this acidification, species with hard calcium carbonate shells are vulnerable, as are coral reefs, (8) ____
are vital to ocean ecosystems. Scientists predict that a 3.6 degree Fahrenheit
increase (9) ____ temperature would (10) ____ out 97 percent of the world's coral feels.
1. A. endanger B. benefit C. harm D. use
2. A. to B. from C. off D. on
3. A. nearly B. near C. relatively D. wealthy 4. A. declined B. born C. presented D. increased 5. A. Some B. Few C. More D. Little 6. A. two-third B. two-thirds C. two-three D. two-thirdth 7. A. As B. Due C. Because D. Because of
8. A. that B. when C. which D. who
9. A. away B. in C. at D. of 10. A. send B. broke C. wipe D. lay III. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
The world's oceans have warmed 50 percent faster over the last 40 years than previously thought due to climate change, Australian and US climate
researchers reported Wednesday. Higher ocean temperatures expand the volume of water, contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to wreak havoc in low-lying, densely populated delta regions around the globe.
The study, published in the British journal Nature, adds to a growing scientific chorus of warnings about the pace and consequences rising oceans. It also serves as a corrective to a massive report issued last year by the Nobel-
winning UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), according to the authors.
Rising sea levels are driven by two things: the thermal expansion of sea water, and additional water from melting sources of ice. Both processes are caused by global warming. The ice sheet that sits atop Greenland, for example, contains enough water to raise world ocean levels by seven metres (23 feet), which would bury sea-level cities from Dhaka to Shanghai.
Trying to figure out how much each of these factors contributes to rising sea levels is critically important to understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises, scientists say. But up to now, there has been a perplexing gap between the projections of computer-based climate models, and the
observations of scientists gathering data from the oceans.
The new study, led by Catia Domingues of the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, is the first to reconcile the models with observed data. Using new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003, it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53 millimetre-per-year rise in sea levels rather than the 0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC.
1. Ultimately, the new study should help scientists to ____.
A. lower water levels.
B. better predict climate change.
C. bury sea-level cities like Dhaka and Shanghai.
2. The rise in water levels is especially dangerous for small island nations and ____.
A. low-lying urban areas.
B. all coastal cities.
C. people who live on the beach.
3. What happens when the ocean's temperature rises?
A. It causes sea levels to rise.
B. It causes sea levels to remain constant.
C. It causes sea levels to decrease.
4. What was the main finding of the study?
A. not enough is being done about global warming.
B. ocean waters have warmed faster than scientists had previously thought.
C. the warming of the world's oceans is not a threat.
5. The new study ____.
A. shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.32 millimeter-per-year rise in sea levels.
B. did not reveal anything that scientists didn't already know.
C. used new techniques to assess ocean temperatures.
D. WRITING
I. Rewrite the sentences, using perfect gerunds.
1. Nam won a scholarship. We are excited about that fact.
→ We are __________________________________________________
2. Entering the room, I was surprised at what I saw.
→ When ___________________________________________________
3. The volunteers couldn't mow the old lady's lawns because of the rain.
→ The rain prevented _________________________________________
4. Since we have become too dependent on the use of electricity, we have to find alternative sources of energy before fossil fuels run out.
→ Having __________________________________________________
5. Tonya had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach. She was strongly criticised for that.
→ Tonya was _______________________________________________
6. In the Tree Planting Competition, the students in Group 11G planted the most trees in the schoolyard. They were praised for that.
→ The students in ____________________________________________
7. After she replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she same a lot of money on her electricity bills.
→ Having ______________________________________________
8. Sam had not worked hard enough in his previous job. He regretted it.
→ Sam regretted _______________________________________________
9. Someone had cut down the oldest tree in the park. The police suspected Mike of doing it.
→ The police suspected _________________________________________
10. Since the farmers used too much chemical fertiliser on their farm, they now have to drink polluted water.
→ Having ____________________________________________________
11. Denis had taken an active part in the Green Summer activities. He was rewarded for that.
→ Denis was _________________________________________________
12. After the students had learnt about the benefits of recycling and reusing, they started collecting waste paper, bottles, and cans to recycle and reuse.
→ Having ___________________________________________________
II. Rewrite the sentences, using perfect gerunds.
1. David did his homework and they went to bed.
→ After having ______________________________________________
2. It is easy for anyone to learn how to cook.
→ Learning _________________________________________________
3. Tony had rescued the kids from the fire. People admired him for that.
→ People ___________________________________________________
4. He had dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach. He denied it.
→ He denied ________________________________________________
5. After Ha had read some documents about Green Earth, she decided to join the organization.
→ Having ___________________________________________________
6. I have seen him before. I remember that.
→ I ________________________________________________________
7. You had saved the lives of hundreds of wild animals. Thank you for that.
→ Thank you
____________________________________________________________
8. They had hunted and killed many wild animals. Later they regretted what they had done.
→ They regretted _____________________________________________
9. Since Mai had refused Nam's offer of a lift in his car, she had to walk home.
→ Having ___________________________________________________
10. 'You've lied to us, the villagers said. The politician denied it.
→ The politician ______________________________________________
11. The factory had dumped tons of toxic waste into the river. It was heavily fined for that.
→ The factory _______________________________________________
12. Thanh had forgotten to turn off the gas cooker before he left his house. He admitted that.
→ Thanh admitted ____________________________________________
III. Rewrite the following sentences using Perfect Participle.
Ex: We switched off the lights before we went to bed.
→ Having switched off the lights, we went to bed.
1. Zoe had practiced a lot, so she was sure of her winning in the competition.
2. The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play.
3. As he had drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself.
4. We have done two tests today, so we are exhausted.
5. She filled the washing machine and switched it on.
6. She had been to disco the night before and she overslept in the morning.
7. We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening.
8. She had not slept for two days and therefore she wasn't able to concentrate.
9. Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn’t recognize him.
10. I had not ridden a horse for a long time and I found it very difficult to sit on the saddle.
IV. Rewrite the following sentences using After or Before.
1. I told him off. Then I realized I was wrong.
→ After having told him off, I realized I was wrong.
2. I worked very hard for the exam. Then I passed it.
→ Before
3. First I considered what to study. Then I decided to major in Maths.
→ After
4. She wrote a letter. Then she went to bed.
→ After
5. He bought a radio. First, he checked the price.
→ After
6. They argued. Then they fought.
→ After
7. She went out for a walk. Then she had a fatal accident.
→ Before
8. She decided to go away. First, she faced the matter.
→ After
9. We read the book, then we wrote the assignment.
→ Before
10. She watched the film, then she wrote a report.
→ After
ĐÁP ÁN
A. PHONETICS
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.B
B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR
1. Choose the correct word in the bracket to complete the sentences.
1. catastrophic 2. footprint 3. diversity 4. preserve 5. infectious 6. deforestations 7. heat-related 8. emissions 9. extinction 10. absorb
IL. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line.
1. extreme 2. changing 3. significant 4. connection 5. emissions 6. fertilizers 7. effects 8. global 9. warming 10. adapt
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
1.A 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C
6.B 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.A
11.A 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.C
C. READING
I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.
1. conditions 2. temperature 3. rainfall 4. landslides 5. biodiversity 6.. impacts 7. agencies 8. support 9. economic 10. farmland
II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A
6.B 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.C
III. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.C
D. WRITING
I. Rewrite the sentences, using perfect gerunds.
1. Nam won a scholarship. We are excited about that fact.
→ We are excited about Nam’s winning a scholarship.
2. Entering the room, I was surprised at what I saw.
→ When I enter the room, I was surprised at what I saw.
3. The volunteers couldn't mow the old lady's lawns because of the rain.
→ The rain prevented the volunteers from mowing the old lady's lawns.
4. Since we have become too dependent on the use of electricity, we have to find alternative sources of energy before fossil fuels run out.
→ Having become too dependent on the use of electricity, we have to find alternative sources of energy before fossil fuels runs out.
5. Tonya had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach. She was strongly criticised for that.
→ Tonya was strongly criticised for having dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach.
6. In the Tree Planting Competition, the students in Group 11G planted the most trees in the schoolyard. They were praised for that.
→ The students in Group 11G were praised for having planted the most trees in the schoolyard in the Tree Planting Competition.
7. After she replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she same a lot of money on her electricity bills.
→ Having replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she saved a lot of money on her electricity bills.
8. Sam had not worked hard enough in his previous job. He regretted it.
→ Sam regretted not having worked hard enough in his previous job.
9. Someone had cut down the oldest tree in the park. The police suspected Mike of doing it.
→ The police suspected Mike of having cut down the oldest tree in the park.
10. Since the farmers used too much chemical fertiliser on their farm, they now have to drink polluted water.
→ Having used too much chemical fertiliser on their farm, the farmers now have to drink polluted water.
11. Denis had taken an active part in the Green Summer activities. He was rewarded for that.
→ Denis was rewarded for having taken an active part in the Green Summer activities.
12. After the students had learnt about the benefits of recycling and reusing, they started collecting waste paper, bottles, and cans to recycle and reuse.
→ Having learnt about the benefits of recycling and reusing, the students started collecting waste paper, bottles, and cans to recycle and reuse.
II. Rewrite the sentences, using perfect gerunds.
1. David did his homework and they went to bed.
→ After having done his homework, they went to bed.
2. It is easy for anyone to learn how to cook.
→ Learning how to cook is easy for anyone.
3. Tony had rescued the kids from the fire. People admired him for that.
→ People admired Tony for having rescued the kids from the fire.
4. He had dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach. He denied it.
→ He denied having dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach.
5. After Ha had read some documents about Green Earth, she decided to join the organization.
→ Having read some documents about Green Earth, Ha decided to join the organization.
6. I have seen him before. I remember that.
→ I remember having seen him before.
7. You had saved the lives of hundreds of wild animals. Thank you for that.
→ Thank you for having saved the lives of hundreds of wild animals.
8. They had hunted and killed many wild animals. Later they regretted what they had done.
→ They regretted having hunted and killed many wild animals.
9. Since Mai had refused Nam's offer of a lift in his car, she had to walk home.
→ Having refused Nam’s offer of a lift in his car, Mai had to walk home.
10. 'You've lied to us, the villagers said. The politician denied it.
→ The politician denied having lied to the villagers.
11. The factory had dumped tons of toxic waste into the river. It was heavily fined for that.
→ The factory was heavily fined for having dumped tons of toxic waste into the river.
12. Thanh had forgotten to turn off the gas cooker before he left his house. He admitted that.
→ Thanh admitted having forgotten to turn off the gas cooker before leaving his house.
III. Rewrite the following sentences using Perfect Participle.
Ex: We switched off the lights before we went to bed.
→ Having switched off the lights, we went to bed.
1. Zoe had practiced a lot, so she was sure of her winning in the competition.
→ Having practiced a lot, Zoe was sure of her winning in the competition.
2. The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play.
→ Having asked his mother's permission, the boy went out to play.
3. As he had drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself.
→ Having drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself.
4. We have done two tests today, so we are exhausted.
→ Having done two tests today, we are exhausted.
5. She filled the washing machine and switched it on.
→ Filling the washing machine, she switched it on.
6. She had been to disco the night before and she overslept in the morning.
→ Having been to disco the night before, she overslept in the morning.
7. We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening.
→ Having worked in the garden all day, we were sunburned in the evening.
8. She had not slept for two days and therefore she wasn't able to concentrate.
→ Having not slept for two days, she wasn't able to concentrate.
9. Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn’t recognize him.
→ Having not seen him for ages, I didn’t recognize him.
10. I had not ridden a horse for a long time and I found it very difficult to sit on the saddle.
→ Having not ridden a horse for a long time and I found it very difficult to sit on the saddle.
IV. Rewrite the following sentences using After or Before.
1. I told him off. Then I realized I was wrong.
→ After having told him off, I realized I was wrong.
2. I worked very hard for the exam. Then I passed it.
→ Before passing the exam, I had worked very hard for it.
3. First I considered what to study. Then I decided to major in Maths.
→ After having considered what to study, I decided to major in Maths.
4. She wrote a letter. Then she went to bed.
→ After having written a letter, she went to bed.
5. He bought a radio. First he checked the price.
→ After having checked the price, he bought a radio.
6. They argued. Then they fought.
→ After having argued, they fought.
7. She went out for a walk. Then she had a fatal accident.
→ Before having a fatal accident, she went out for a walk.
8. She decided to go away. First she faced the matter.
→ After having faced the matter, she decided to go away.
9. We read the book, then we wrote the assignment.
→ Before writing the assignment, we read the book.
10. She watched the film, then she wrote a report.
→ After having watched the film, she wrote a report.
