KY NIEM 65 NAM NGAY THANH LAP QUAN DOI NHAN DAN VIET NAM (22/12/1944 - 22/12/2009) VA 20 NAM NGAY HOI QUOC PHONG TOAN DAN (22/12/1989 - 22/12/2009)
XAY DUNG QUAN OQl CACH MANG, CHlNH QUY, TINH NHUE, TUNG BUlit; HIEN DAI BAO VE V O N G C H A C T O QUOC VIET NAM
XA HOI CHli NGHIA TRONG GIAI DOAN CACH MANG MOI
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I Thirong tirdng, TS. NGUYEN HUY HIEU (*)
6
5 nam xay dung, chien dau va trudng thanh, Quan ddi nhan dan (QDND) Viet Nam dudi su lanh dao cija Dang va Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh da cung toan dan anh dung chien dau, lap nen nhieu chien cdng oanh Net: danh thang hai de qudc to la Phap va My, bao ve virng chac To qudc, dua vj the nudc ta ngay cang noi bat tren trudng qudc te. Song, tinh hinh the gidi tu" nhu'ng nam dau cija the ky 21 cd nhieu bien dgng to Idn, dan den su hinh thanh mdt trat tu the gidi mdi phirc tap khd ludng. So sanh luc lugng each mang va phan each mang thay ddi theo hudng bat lgi cho luc lugng each mang tren the gidi ndi chung va cho each mang Viet Nam ndi rieng.Tinh hinh ay dang dat ra cho quan ddi ta nhiing yeu cau mdi, ddi hoi su phat then ca ve tiem luc va sire manh tong hgp. Giir virng ban chat va phat huy truyen thdng cCia QDND Viet Nam: "trung vdi Dang, hieu vdi dan, nhiem vu nao cung hoan thanh, khd khan nao cung vugt qua, ke thii nao cung danh thang", trong giai doan each mang mdi, chung ta phai day manh
"xay dung QDND va Cdng an nhan dan each mang, chinh quy, tinh nhue, tung budc hien dai, CO ban ITnh chinh trj vu'ng vang; trung thanh tuyet ddi vdi To qudc, vdi Dang va nhan dan...
CO trinh do san sang chien dau va sire chien dau ngay cang cao; thudng xuyen canh giac, kjp thdi dap tan mgi am muu va hanh ddng xam
(*) Uy vien Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Bang, Thir tn/dng Bg Quoc phdng
pham ddc lap, chCi quyen, toan ven lanh tho cua To qudc va an ninh qudc gia"'". Nghj quyet Dai hdi lan thir X cua Dang da chi rd nhiem vu bao ve To qudc (BVTQ) hien nay la: "bao ve vu'ng ch&c dgc lap, chu quyen, thdng nhat, toan ven lanh thd, bao ve an ninh qudc gia, trat tu an toan xa hdi va nen van hda; bao ve Dang, Nha nudc, nhan dan va che do xa hdi chii nghia;
bao ve su nghiep dd1 mdi va lgi ich qudc gia, dan too". Nghj quyet cung khang djnh: 'Tang cudng qudc phdng, giii' vu'ng an ninh qudc gia va toan ven lanh tho la nhiem vu trgng yeu, thudng xuyen cua Dang, Nha nudc va cua toan dan, trong dd QDND va Cdng an nhan dan la luc lugng ndng cdt"'^'.
Ddi vdi Viet Nam, am muu eg ban, lau dai cua cac the luc thu djch la xoa bd sU lanh dao cija Dang Cdng san, xoa bo che do xa hpi chu nghTa va budc nudc ta phai di theo quy dao cua chu nghTa tu ban. Am muu dd trudc mat dUtfc thuc hien bang "diln bien hoa binh", b^o loan lat do, chuyen hoa kinh te, van hoa, loi song.
Chung tim each "bdi den" ddi ngu can bp, the he thanh thieu nien eua ta, bien hg thanh "cong cu tu giae" cho chung. Cac the luc thu djch nm/u dd chuyen hoa kinh te nude ta thanh kinh te tu ban ehu nghTa, tu dd budc thugng tang kien triic dii khdng mudn cung khdng the eudng ndi, phai chuyen hoa theo. Chung ta can nhin nhan va danh gia mdt each toan dien nhu'ng bien doi to Idn, sau sac, eung nhu chieu hudng van dpng eua tinh hinh the gidi, khu vue va trong nUdc, lam eg sd khdng ehi eho hoach djnh chien ILJOC
To chiirc n h a ntroc so 12/2009
phat trien kinh te - xa hgi, ma cdn eho viee xac djnh nhu'ng nhiem vu chien luge qudc phdng, an ninh, BVTQ.
Tinh hinh thue te neu tren ddi hoi chung ta phai day manh xay ddng quan doi each mang, chinh quy, tinh nhue, tdng budc hien dai;
khdng ngimg nang cao sure chien dau, dap iirng yeu cau danh thdng chien tranh xam luge, ke ea chien tranh cong nghe cao; bao ve virng chac To qudc.
QDND Viet Nam la quan dgi each mang, khac han quan ddi cua eac nudc tu ban ve ban chat; quan ddi ta la quan ddi cua dan, do dan, vi dan, do Dang Cdng san va Chinh phu nudc cong hoa xa hdi chij nghTa Viet Nam td chirc, lanh dao, giao due, chi huy. Xay ddng quan doi each mang la xay dung eho can bd, chien sT eo ban ITnh chinh trj, lap trudng each mang virng vang; tuyet ddi trung thanh vdi Dang, vdi che do xa hdi chu nghTa, vdi To qudc va nhan dan;
ed tinh than each mang tien cdng, luon dii'ng virng tren tuyen dau, san sang chien dau va chien thang mgi ke thii xam luge trong bat ky hoan canh nao, bao ve virng chac To qudc va che do xa hdi ehu nghTa cua chiing ta.
QDND Viet Nam lay ly luan chiJ nghTa Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Ho Chi Minh lam nen tang tu tudng, kim chi nam cho mgi hanh ddng. Van de cham lo xay dung quan dpi ta vung manh ve mgi mat, dac biet la ve chinh tri, tu tudng ludn la yeu cau hang dau, eo tinh khach quan, bure thiet. Thdng qua hgc tap, giao due, nang cao nhan thirc chinh trj, tu tudng can lam eho mgi can bd, chien sT tham nhuan dao due each mang, kien djnh muc tieu, ly tudng chien dau vi ddc lap dan tdc va chii nghTa xa hpi, tuyet ddi trung thanh vdi Dang, nhan dan, To qudc, lam trdn ehire nang la edng cu bao luc sac ben eija Dang, Nha nude, quyet tam bao ve virng chac To qudc, gdp phan dua su nghiep edng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude di den th^ng Igi.
Su nghiep BVTQ trong thdi ky mdi cang ddi hdi phai tiep tuc tang eudng sU lanh dao eija Dang, phat huy sire manh tdng hgp eija toan quan, toan dan, khai thae mgi ngudn luc, tap trung sue tang eudng cung cd qudc phdng - an ninh, xay dung luc lugng vu trang nhan dan ma ndng cot la QDND va Cong an nhan dan; phat huy nghe thuat chien tranh nhan dan truyen thdng, khdng ngimg nang cao trinh do khoa
hgc - ky thuat quan su, nghe thuat quan su Viet Nam dap ung yeu eau tae chien mdi, coi do la nhirng yeu td eg ban quye't djnh thang lgi cua su nghiep xay dung va BVTQ trong giai doan each mang mdi.
De tang eudng sire manh qudc phong-an ninh, bao ve vung chac To qudc Viet Nam xa hgi chu nghTa can thue hien tdt may van de cd ban sau:
Mgi cap, mgi nganh, eae dja phuong, don vj phai quan triet sau sac va van dung nhuan nhuyen quan diem, tu tudng ehi dao ket hgp chat ehe hai nhiem vu chien luge: xay dung va BVTQ; ket hgp qudc phdng, an ninh vdi kinh te, kinh te vdi qudc phdng - an ninh va ddi ngoai;
nhan rd am muu, thu doan eua djch; xac djnh ro trach nhiem eua timg ea nhan va td ehire, trudc het la ddi ngu can bd, dang vien ve nhiem vu BVTQ trong tinh hinh mdi; ddng vien toan dan va ca he thdng ehinh trj tu giae, tich cue chap hanh tdt nhiem vu qudc phdng - an ninh chung va nhiem vu qudc phdng - an ninh thude pham vi trach nhiem eua mgi td ehire.
Xay dung nen qudc phong toan dan va the tran qudc phong toan dan gan vdi nen an ninh nhan dan va the tran an ninh nhan dan vu'ng manh, tren co sd phai xay dung ngudn luc qudc phong. Ngudn luc qudc phdng bao gdm ca con ngudi va vu khi trang bj, con ngudi trong luc lugng vu trang ndi chung, trong xay dung QDND noi rieng phai la con ngudi cd ban ITnh each mang, cd tri thirc khoa hgc, ed nghiep vu, CO trinh do cao de co the sU dung thanh thao cac loai vu khi trang bj, coi do la bien phap eg ban tang cudng sire manh qudc phdng BVTQ. Xay dung ea tiem luc va the tran, xay dung luc lugng thudng true chien dau va luc lugng du bj ddng vien, phuc vu chien dau dap irng mpi tinh hudng vu trang va phi vu trang.
Dac biet coi trpng xay dung eg sd ehinh tri - xa hgi va the tran Idng dan cua nen qudc phong toan dan. Nhiem vu BVTQ phai dugc quan thet sau sac den mpi tang Idp nhan dan. Long tin vao Dang, tinh cam, trach nhiem ddi vdi ehe dp, tinh than yeu nudc phai dugc khgi day va phat huy d mdi con ngudi Viet Nam. Cd ehinh sach eu the thuc hien phuong hudng xay dung luc lugng, ngudn luc va tiem luc qudc phong vLJng manh, du sue dap irng yeu eau mdi eija su nghiep BVTQ.
To chuc nha niroc so 12/2009
Tiep tuc xay dung QDND theo hudng each mang, ehinh quy, tinh nhue, tirng budc hien dai, hoan thanh mpi nhiem vu trong giai doan each mang mdi. Dac biet eoi trpng xay dung quan dpi ve ehinh trj. Day la nhiem vu quan trgng nhat, mpt nguyen t i e eg ban quyet djnh bao dam sire manh chien dau eija quan ddi. Tang eudng sU lanh dao tuyet ddi, true tiep ve mgi mat eCia Dang ddi vdi quan dgi, bao dam cho quan ddi luon giir viing ban chat giai cap edng nhan, trung thanh tuyet ddi vdi Dang vdi To qudc va nhan dan, xirng dang la luc lugng ndng edt BVTQ. Nhiem vu ehinh trj hang dau eija quan ddi ta hien nay la san sang chien dau va ehien dau, trach nhiem ehinh tri cija quan dgi la phai danh thing. Quan ddi ta khdng nhi/ng phai diJ sire danh thing djch trong dieu kien chien tranh thdng thudng ma cdn phai ehien thang ke thu trong cac loai hinh chien tranh khae, ke ea chien tranh co sd dung vu khi cdng nghe cao.
Vi vay, ngay trong thdi binh, ehung ta phai tranh thij thdi eg, tan dung thdi gian ed lgi, khai thae mgi ngudn lue, tap trung xay dung quan ddi dap ung yeu cau cao nhat eua phugng thiirc dau tranh vu trang BVTQ. Khdng ngung phat then khoa hgc nghe thuat quan su, khoa hgc xa hdi va nhan van quan su, phii hgp vdi nhiem vu trude mat va yeu cau phat then eija quan ddi trong tirng giai doan, tien den mdt nen khoa hgc quan su hien dai cija chien tranh nhan dan phat then g trinh do cao.
De dam bao cho lue lugng vu trang ndi ehung, quan ddi ta noi rieng ludn hoan thanh tdt nhiem vu, danh thang mgi ke thii trong mgi tinh hudng thi ngoai viec eai tien, ddi mdi trang thiet bj, vu khi ky thuat, phai giir virng ban chat each mang cho quan ddi va cdng an, xay dung ban ITnh, y chi ehien dau ngoan eudng, tinh than ehju dung gian khd, hy sinh vd bd ben, s i n sang xa than vi su nghiep each mang eho tirng can bd, ehien sy.
Ciing vdi viee giir vung va phat huy ban chat each mang eija quan ddi, van de xay ddng nen nep ehinh quy cung la mot ddi hoi khach quan va dang dat ra ngay cang cap thiet. Cd ehinh qui mdi thdng nhat, mdi tao ra sure manh de hoan thanh nhiem vu va ehien thing. Quan ddi ehinh quy la: "quan ddi duge xay dung theo nhirng tieu chuan thdng nhat dugc phap luat nha nude quy djnh ve to ehire, bien ehe, trang
bj; he thdng eh? huy; dieu lenh; ehe dp huan luyen va giao due; eac ehe dp edng tac, sinh hoat nham dap irng vdi yeu eau cija ehien tranh ehinh quy"*^'. Xay dung quan dpi ehinh quy, trude het phai ed mpt he thdng dieu lenh, dieu le toan dien, hoan ehinh, phii hgp, nhim thdng nhat mpi hoat ddng eg ban cija toan quan. Day la eg sd phap ly de can bg eae cap huan luyen, chi huy va duy tri eae ehe do sinh hoat cua bp ddi. Viee td ehire, bien ehe, can ggn, nhe, bao dam tinh eg ddng cao tae ehien cd hieu qua.
Trang bj, vu khi, ky thuat phai hien dai, co chat lugng cao, phu hgp vdi each danh eija cac thanh phan luc lugng quan, binh chijng la mot yeu eau khach quan, bu'e thiet. Song vu khi khdng phai la tat ea, ma eon ngudi mdi la nhan td quyet djnh thang - bai trong chien tranh. Ke djch ed quan ddi ehinh quy, ed su'c manh di/tfc tao ra bdi ehinh quy vdi chd dua ehij yeu la vu khi edng nghe cao. Day la mat manh ctia djch nhung lai cd mat trai la hanh ddng de rap khudn, may mdc, de bj le thude vao vu khi va cdng nghe, dan den y lai, eu'ng nhac, vi vay ehung ta ed the nam duge quy luat hanh dong va danh tra hieu qua.
De ddi phd vdi chien tranh kieu mdi, do kha nang kinh te va tai ehinh eua dat nudc chua dap irng day dij nhu eau ve vu khi, ky thuat hien dai, ehung ta phai van dung sang tao quan diem ehien tranh nhan dan, danh djch bing mpi thir vu khi, trang bi ed trong tay; phai ed gang ti/cai tien, nang cap, hien dai hoa; ket hgp mua sam mdt sd vu khi, trang bi hien dai...
Do dae diem nude ta thudng phai ddi dau vdi nhCing ddi quan xam luge cd tiem lue kinh te, quan su manh hgn ta gap nhieu lan, nen viec xay dung quan doi tinh nhue, cung la mpt doi hoi khach quan, cap thiet. Day la yeu td quan trpng bao dam eho quan dpi ta trong dieu kien vu khi, trang vj ed the kem hgn ddi phugng, vin thuc hien thanh edng each danh sd trudng cija minh, tir dd phat huy mat manh, khic phue mat yeu eija ta, han ehe mat manh, khoet sau mat yeu eija djch de ehien thing. Quan ddi tinh nhue la quan ddi dugc giao due, huan luyen diing yeu cau eija tung quan, binh ehung, nganh nghe ky thuat, chuyen mdn; dugc ren luyen nghiem tuc, edng phu; ed vu khi, trang bi phii hgp; cd nang lue ehien dau gioi, ed sire ehien dau cao...
Quan dgi tinh nhue, ndi mgt each eu the la
O To churc n h a i m o c so 12/2009
can bd lanh dao, ehi huy tinh nhue; can bd, nhan vien ky thuat, chuyen mdn, nghiep vu tinh nhue; ehien sTtinh nhue; td chirc, bien che tinh ggn; vu khi, trang bj tinh nhue (thuan thuc ky thuat, ehien thuat, chuyen mon, nghiep vu, cuong vj cdng tac; khoe manh, nhanh nhen, van dung, ung pho linh hoat...). Mudn thuc hien dugc dieu do, quan dgi ta phai duge huan luyen thanh thuc mgi each danh thich hgp vdi sd trudng va dieu kien dia hinh, thdi tiet cua ta.
Can bg nhat thiet phai dugc dao tao, ren luyen chinh quy d eae trudng de duge trang bj nhu'ng kien thire, ddng tac thue hanh can thiet, tuong irng vdi cugng vj dam nhiem.
Can bd lanh dao, ehi huy phai biet nhan dinh, danh gia tinh hinh nhanh, chinh xac, ha quyet tam dung, kjp thdi, chi huy, hiep ddng linh hoat, danh thang djch gidn gia, ngay ca khi tuong quan ve sd quan va vu khi, trang bj ta thua kem hgn. Can bd, nhan vien chuyen mdn ky thuat can dugc dao tao eo ban, chuyen sau, cd trinh do tinh thdng nghiep vu, thao tac thuan thuc, su dung thanh thao, linh hoat eae loai vu khi trong bien ehe. Chien sT phai duge huan luyen, ren luyen de ed sue ben, deo, manh, co dpng tac ehien thuat, ky thuat dat den trinh dp ky xao, danh hieu qua, ddng thdi cung phai biet phdng tranh tdt, giir an toan ngudi va vu khi, trang bj cija ta de danh lau dai. Luc lugng du bj ddng vien can duge td chiirc theo cac don vj quan, binh chijng; xep dung chuyen mon, nghiep vu va duac huan luyen thudng xuyen de khi dugc ddng vien se nhanh chong hoa ddng vdi don vj thudng true. Day manh xay dung quan doi tung budc hien da/vira la nhiem vu, vua la muc tieu phan dau cija toan Dang, toan quan va toan dan ta. Quan dpi hien dai la quan dpi duge trang bj nhirng kien thirc khoa hgc quan su, nghe thuat quan su va vu khi, trang bj ky thuat quan su mdi nhat. Do kha nang tai chinh, trinh dd cua nen kinh te, cong nghiep qudc phdng, khoa hgc, ky thuat, cong nghe cija ta eo han, su chi vien eua he thdng xa hgi ehij nghTa khdng edn, ta phai lay tu luc canh sinh la chinh. Vi vay, xay dung quan dpi tung budc hien dai la mdt qua trinh lau dai, phai thuc hien tirng bude; phai can cir vao tinh hinh khach quan de lua chpn thu tu ndi dung uu tien, vira dap Crng yeu eau san sang ehien dau trude m i t , vua bao dam tinh hieu qua, giir
dugc sire manh ehien dau ca ban, lau dai cua quan dpi, bao dam hoan thanh nhiem vu xay dung va BVTQ.
Tren eg sd phat huy tdi da nang lue cdng nghiep cua dat nude, triet de khai thae nhu'ng thanh tuu cija edng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, dau tu thich dang eho cac nganh cdng nghiep dac thii qudc phdng, tang cudng trang bj ky thuat hien dai cho quan ddi. Phan dau xay dung duge nen edng nghiep qudc phong doe lap, tu ehu, ed tiem luc manh, phii hgp vdi suphat trien eija nen kinh te dat nudc. Phat trien edng nghiep qudc phong theo mgt eg cau hgp ly trong tdng the nen cdng nghiep eua dat nude, ket hgp chat che eae loai hinh cong nghe san xuat, uu tien hudng tdi nhiing cdng nghe hien dai, hieu qua cao. Bd tri cong nghiep qudc phong theo eae viing ehien luge phii hgp vdi yeu eau phuc vu ehien tranh nhan dan BVTQ.
Gan cdng nghiep dan sinh vdi cdng nghiep qudc phdng, bao dam mdi budc phat trien cong nghiep dat nude deu gop phan tang them tiem lue qudc phong.
Quan ddi ta la quan ddi nhan dan, la lue lugng tin cay cua Dang, Nha nudc, ed vai trd lam ndng edt cho toan dan danh thang giac, xay dung va BVTQ. Dudi su lanh dao cua Dang, toan quan, toan dan ta quyet tam phat huy truyen thdng each mang, neu cao ehu nghTa anh hiing each mang, anh dung ehien dau va ehien thang da duge xay dap trong 65 nam qua, QDND Viet Nam tiep tue khong ngung vuon len ve mgi mat; quyet tam lam that bai mgi am muu tham ddc, ke hoach "dien bien hoa binh", bao loan lat dd cua ke djch, san sang danh thang ehien tranh xam luge, ke ea chien tranh cd stir dung vu khi cong nghe cao neu chiing lieu ITnh gay ra Q
Ghi chu:
(1) Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu IX, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia. Ha Noi, 2001, tr. 118.
(2) Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan qudc lan thuX, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia. Ha Noi, 2006.
(3) Tu dien Bach khoa quan su Viet Nam, Nxb Quan doi nhan dan. Ha Noi, 1996, tr.657.
