DANG LANH DAO CONG cuoc DOl MOI
KET HOP SIJC MANH DAN IDC VQl SDC MANH THOI DAI TRONG SIJ NGHIEP BAD VE TO QUOC DITIJI ANH SANG TO TUONG HO CHl MINH
TS NGUYEN TRQNG XUAN*
DO THI QUYNH ANH**
C hii tich Hd CM Minh - lanh tu vl dai cua dan tdc, nha qude te chu ngMa hong sang. Sinh tiidi, Hd CM Minh die biet chu tigng ket hgp sue manh dan tgc vdi sire manh thdi dai va Ngudi cung la Men tiian cua tu tudng dd. Theo Ngudi, dd la hai mat tiong qua tiinh phat tiien cua mot qude gia, nham tiiye Men mye tieu cao ea la giai phdng dan tdc, giai phdng con ngudi.
Sire manh dan tgc (SMDT) la sire manh tdng hgp cua cae ngudn lye npi smh, bao gdm ca sire manh vat chat va sire manh tinh tiian, sire manh cua tioiyen thdng lich sir vdi sue manh cua tiie che kinh te, che dp chinh tii, nen van hoa tdt dep... dat dudi sy lanh dao cua Dang. Xuat phat tir quan diem macxit ve giai quyet mau tiiuan dya tien vai tid quyet djnh eua yeu td ben tiong va tie ddng ciia yeu td ben ngoai, vdi tam nMn cMen luge cua nha lanh dao each mang tai ba, tiong hoat ddng chinh tii, Chu tjch Hd CM Minh ludn cd tiJ duy ndi bat ve ddc lap ty chu, ty lye ty cudng gan lien vdi doan ket, hgp tac qude te, coi day la mdt van de cd tam cMen luge quan frgng hing dau tiong dudng ldi each m p g Viet
* Hoc vien Chinh tri quan su
Nam. Diem chii yeu cua tiJ tudng dd la "muon ngu&i ta giup cho, thi trudc hit minh phdi tu giup Idy minh da"'. Theo Ngudi, dgc lap ty chu tiudc het la phai cd tu duy va hanh dgng ty chu, sang tao, khdng gilo dieu va dap khudn. Tren ca sd nhan thirc va van dyng linh hoat ly luan chu ngMa Mac - Lenm ve vai frd quyet dinh cua nhan td ben tiong kM giai quyet mau tiiuan, Hd CM Minh chu truong phat huy SMDT, sire manh cua chu ngMa yeu nude, dai doan ket dan tgc, dd la ca sd de tiiyc Men hgp tac qude te va tianh thu sy giup dd ben ngoai. Ngudi khang dinh: "Ddc lap ngMa la chiing tdi dieu kMen lay mgi cdng viec ciia chiing tdi, khdng cd sy can tMep d ngoai vao"^, "ve chinh tii, quan sy, kmh te, ndi chinh va ngoai giao cua ta la tiJ lye canh smh... gianh dugc thang lgi phai do nd lye cua cMnh ban than ta quyet dinh"^
Siic manh thdi dai (SMTD) la sire manh cua sy phat tiien hgp qui luat, II xu the hoa binh, hgp tac, ciing nhau phat tiien, la nhung tiianh hm ma nhan loai da dat dugc, nhat la tien luih vyc khoa hgc cdng nghe. Theo Hd CM Mmh dd la mot yeu td rat quan tigng gdp phan cung vdi ndi lye tao tiianh sire manh tdng hgp, Ngudi viet: ''Co
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DANG LANH DAO CONG cuoc DOI MCri
sue manh cd nuac mot long do, lgi co su ung ho cua nhdn ddn the gi&i, chung ta se co mot sue manh tong hgp cong vai phuang phdp cdch mgng thich hgp nhdt dinh cdch mgng nu&c ta se di den dich cuoi ciin^"^. Dd la mot hong nhung bai hgc thanh cdng, dat nen mdng vQng chac eho dudng ldi qude te dung dan eua Dang.
Kit hgp SMDT vdi SMTD tiong bao ve Td qude Men nay thyc chat la qua tiinh huy dgng, sir dyng mdt each ed Meu qua cac ngudn ngi, ngoai lye; gan ket va chuyen hoa ngoai lye thanh ndi lye tao thanh sire manh tdng hgp bao ve vung chac Td qude Viet Nam xa hgi chu ngMa hong mgi tinh hudng. Trong xu the hgi nhap Men nay, vdi sy ket hgp hai sire manh dd, dat nude ta cd dieu kien thuan lgi de khai thac va phat huy cac ngudn lye ve tai nguyen, nang eao kha nang canh hanh ciia nen kinh te; thu hut cac ngudn vdn dau tu; khoa hgc va cdng nghe Men dai; ren luyen nang lye quan ly san xuat kinh doanh, ban llnh, tii tue va tac phong cdng ngMep; tMet lap quan he than tMen va nang eao vi the dat nude cho sy phat tiien dn dinh, ben vung... til dd tang cudng tiem lye kinh te - qude phdng, tang cudng kha ning bao ve dat nude til xa, thyc Men phuong cham "them ban bdt thu", gdp phan bao ve vung chac Td qude.
Mue tieu ciia doan ket va hgp tac qude te la tranh thu sy ung hd qude te, lam tang them kha nang tii lye, ty cudng, tao dieu kien chuyin bien cd lgi eho each mang, song de huy ddng sire manh ciia yeu td ngoai lye tM ndi lye la tien de quan ti-gng. "Thyc lye la cai cMeng ma ngoai giao la cai tieng. Chieng cd to tieng mdi ldn"l Vi vay, ddc lap tii chu phai gan vdi doan ket va hgp tac qude te nhlm thyc Men muc tieu each mang va bao ve an Mnh qude gia, dd ehinh la sgi chi dd xuyen sudt toan bg hi tudng cua
Ngudi, dugc Dang ta nang len thanh dudng ldi dgc lap til chu va doan ket qude te trong giai doan Men nay.
Kit hgp SMDT vdi SMTD thi hien tir duy sang tao ctia Chu tich Hd CM Minh, la ca sd quan hgng de Dang hoach djnh dudng ldi, cMnh sach phat trien kinh te - xa hgi va ddi ngoai phii hgp vdi ddi hdi thyc hen. Van dung sang tao tii tudng eua Ngudi, tren co sd ddi mdi til duy, Dang lanh dao cdng cudc ddi mdi toan dien dat nude va thu dugc thanh ti^u hen mgi llnh vyc: "He thdng cMnh tri va khdi dai doan ket dan tgc dugc tang cudng, chinh tri - xa hpi dn dinh, qude phdng - an mnh duge giu vQng, vi the nude ta tren trudng qude te khdng ngimg nang eao, sire manh tdng hgp cua qude gia tang len rat nMeu, tao the va lye mdi cho dat nude hip tiic di len"^
Ban ve sire manh bao ve Td qude. Dang ta khang dinh: "Sire manh bao ve Td qude la siic manh tdng hgp cua khdi dai doan ket toan dan, cua ca he tiidng chinh tii dudi sy lanh dao cua Dang, ket hgp sire manh dan tdc vdi sire manh tiidi dai"'.
Dieu dd ed ngMa la sire manh dan tdc ket hgp sire manh thdi dai tao nen sire manh bao ve Td quoc.
Dai hdi IX cua Dang xae djnh phuang cham: "Chii dgng hgi nhap kinh te quoc te vd khu vuc theo tinh than phat huy tdi da ndi lye, nang eao Meu qua hgp tac qude te, bao dam ddc lap til chu va dinh hudng xa hgi chii ngMa"l Trong dd ngi lye ed y ngMa quyet dinh, ngoai lye ed y ngMa rat quan hgng, hdi nhap qude te de lam cho kinh te phat hien nhanh va ben vilng, phye vu mye tieu cMnh tri ca ban cua Dang va nhan dan ta la "Dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh", vi vay, trong qua trinh hpi nhap phai hoan toan til chu, dam bao dinh hudng XHCN. Tuy nMen, cac
3U TAP CHl UCH Sir O A N G - S O 12/2008
DANG LANH DAO CONG cudc DOl MOl
budc di cua qua trinh hdi nhap dd phai gdp phan tao mdi trudng qude te thuan lgi cho viec md rdng thj trudng, ddi tie, thu hut von, khoa hgc cdng nghe va kinh nghiem quIn ly tien tien, nham phat huy tdi da cac ngudn lye d trong nude dam bao cho su phat trien nhanh va vung chic theo hucing cdng nghiep hoa, Men dai hoa gan vdi phat trien kinh te tri thirc. Dieu dd the Men mdi quan he khang khit giira nMem vy ddi ngoai vdi phat trien kinh te, xa hdi, bao dam an ninh - qude phdng, phye vy dac lye cho sy nghiep xay dyng va bao ve Td qude.
QuIn triet tu tudng cua Ngudi, de nang cao Meu qua ket hgp SMDT vdi SMTD tiong bao ve Td qude, trudc yeu cau phit tiien dat nude tiong tinh hmh mdi, can quan triet mdt sd van de ed tinh nguyen tac sau sau:
Mot Id, gid vung quan diem dgc lap lit chit trong qud trinh hgi nhdp quoc te.
Hdi nhap qude te de lam cho kinh te phat trien nhanh va ben vung, phye vu mye tieu ehinh trj CO ban cua Dang vl nhan dan. Vi vay, tiong qua trinh hdi nhap can holn toan ty chii tiong quyet dinh dudng ldi, chinh sach phat tiien, khdng chiu sire ep cua bat ky yeu td ben ngoai nao; dam bao nen kinh te tMch img cao vdi nhung bien ddng cua tinh Mnh chinh tii - xa hdi;
cd nang lye canh tranh cao; dam bao dinh hudng XHCN. Tuy nhien cac budc di eua qua trinh hdi nhap phai gdp phan tao mdi tin'dng qude te thuan lgi cho viec md rdng thi tiiidng, ddi tac, thu hut von, khoa hgc - cdng nghe va kinh ngMem quan ly tien tien nham phat huy tdi da cac ngudn lye d trong nude de dam bao cho sy phat triln nhanh va vung chac theo hudng cdng nghiep hoa. Men dai hoa gin vdi phat tiien kinh tl tri thirc, tang cudng tiem lye kinh te - qude phdng trong bao ve Td qude.
Hai Id, phdt huy cao do sue manh khoi dgi dodn ket todn ddn tgc
Chung ta can nhan thirc diy du va sau sac ve nMem vu bao ve Td qude tiong tinh hinh mdi, dd khdng chi don thuan la nhiing giai phap quan sy ma dieu cdt yeu la xay dyng duge the trdn long ddn. Quan tiiet tu tudng Idy ddn ldm goc cua dng cha ta: "ehd thuyen cung la dan, lit thuyen cung la dan", va cua Chu tich Hd CM Minh "Dan kM manh tM quan linh nao, sung dng nio cung khdng chdng lai"^. De phat huy tii tiie toan dan tdc. Dang ta cQng xac dinh "doan ket la mdt ngMa ldn". Do vay can phat huy va nhan len sire manh ciia quan chiing nhan dan tiong thyc tien each mang d tilng giai doan ljch sir. Veil til duy mdi ve nMem vy bao ve Td qude Men nay, ddi hdi chimg ta khdng cM llm that bai mpi am muu xam luge til ben ngoai ma cdn phai dap tan mgi am muu chdng pha ctia cac the lye thu dich til ben tiong. KM ke thii dang sir dung cac cMeu bai dan chu, nhan quyen, ly khai dan toe de gay cMa re cac •vimg, mien, cac tang Idp nhan dan tM dieu cdt yeu la phai xay dung duge the fran Idng dan. Mudn vay, phai tang cudng giao due cho nhan dan ve mye tieu, con dudng each mang Viet Nam, phat huy trach nMem ciia nhan dan tiong xay dyng xa hdi, phit huy quyen lam chu cua nhan dan tien mgi llnh vyc kinh te, chinh tii, van hoa... phit huy ndi lye cua tat ca cac thanh phan tiong xa hdi ma van de co ban la phat huy nhan td con ngudi, Ixri con ngudi la yeu td trung tam cua xa hdi, la mue tieu va la ddng luc ciia sy phit tiien. Phat huy nhan td con ngudi can gan lien vdi viec phat trien giao due - dao tao, khoa hgc va cdng nghe. Thdng qua dd, lam cho mdi ngudi dan, mgi ting Idp nhan dan nhan thirc diing dan frach nMem ciia minh ddi vdi nMem vu xay dyng va bao ve Td qude.
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DANG LANH DAO CdNG cudc Ddi Mdi
Ba Id, nhdn thuc dung ddn moi quan he doi tdc, doi tuang
Hdi nhap qude te la xu the tit yeu Men nay, song nd tao ra ca nhung tiiuan lgi va tiiach thiic, dac biet kM ke thii dang rao riet thyc Men cMen luge "dien Men hoa buih" vdi cac tiiu doan tang cudng cM phdi dau hr, tien hanh ngoai giao tiian tiiien, khoet sau ndi bd titi viec phan dinh ddi tiigng va ddi tie la mdt van de rat he hgng va nhay cam. Nghi quyet Dai hgi X cua Dang cM rd:
nhiing ai chii tiuong tdn tigng ddc lap chu quyen, tiiiet lap va md rdng quan he huu nghi va hgp tie binh ding, cimg cd lgi vdi Viet Nam deu la ddi tac. Bat ke the lye nao cd am muu va hanh dgng ehdng pha muc tieu cua nude ta tiong sy ngMep xay dung va bao ve Td qude deu la ddi tiigng diu ti-anh. Mat khac, tiong mdi ddi tixgng van cd tiie cd mat can tianh tiiu, hgp tac; tiong mot sd ddi tae, cd tiie cd mat khac Met, mau tiiuan vdi lgi ich ciia ta. Vi vay, tiong qua tiinh ket hgp SMDT vdi SMTD, quan tiiet tii tudng "tiiem ban bdt tiiu"
eua Chii tich Hd CM Mmh can chuyen hoa doi tugng tiilnh ddi tac, tao quan he lam an va nhtlng lgi ich kmh te cho nhau eung phat tiien.
Bon Id, gid vimg vd tdng cu&ng vai trd lanh dao cua Ddng
Su lanh dao ciia Dang la yeu to ehinh hi ngi lye quyet dinh mgi tiiang lgi cua sy ngMep each mang Viet Nam, II van de cd tinh nguyen tic va la Men phap quan tigng de phat huy cd Meu qua sy kit hgp SMDT vdi SMTD tiong sy ngMep bao ve Td qude Men nay. Die Met hong tinh Mnh chinh hi dien bien phuc tap, mau le, neu budng Idng sy lanh dao cua Ding d mot tiidi diem, mdt M i vuc nao dd till hau qua se khd ludng nhu bai hgc kinh ngMem d Lien Xd va Ddng Au da vip phai.
Vai hd eua Dang duge tiie Men d viec dl ra cMen luge, cMnh sach phat hien kinh tl, xa hgi
phu hgp, khai day dugc cac ngudn lye hong va ngoai nude; cd cMnh sach ddi ngoai mem dec, linh hoat, tao ra nhiing tiem lue vung chac cho sy ngMep bao ve Td qude.
NgM quyet Dai hgi X nhan dinh: nang lye lanh dao va siic cMen dau ciia Dang cdn nMeu mat chua dap iing yeu cau cua tmh Mnh mdi;
mot bg phan khdng nhd can bg, dang vien cdn yeu kem ca ve pham chat va nang lye; benh ca hdi, chii ngMa ca nhan tiong mdt bg phan can bg, dang vien ed cMeu hudng gia tang... Trong dieu kien Men nay, de tang cudng vai hd lanh dao eua Dang, ddi hdi Dang phai giu vung ban chat each mang va khoa hpe cua giai cap cdng nhan, kien dinh chii ngMa Mae - Lenin, tu tiidng Hd CM Minh, kien dinh mye tieu ddc lap dan tgc va CNXH; kien hi ddi mdi; tiep tuc nang cao nang lye lanh dao va siic cMen dau. Mudn vay, can coi hgng cdng tie xay dyng Dang ve chinh tri, til tudng; nang cao tiinh dp tii tue, dy bao va nam bat kjp tiidi vdi sy bien ddi ciia tiiyc tien, ddi mdi phuong thirc lanh dao, kien tii dudng ldi ddi mdi toan dien, cd nguyen tic va sang tao.
\,9. HP Chi Minh Todn lap, CTQG, H, 2002, T.2, tr. 293,274
2, 3. HP Chi Minh Todn lap, CTQG, R2002, T5, tr.l36,138
4. Nguyen Dy Nien: Tu tudng ngoai giao HP Chi M«/!, CTQG, H 2002, tr. 126
5. HP Chi Minh Todn lap, CTQG, H, 2002, T.4, Ir. 126 6. Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Van kien Dgi hoi dai biiu lodn qude ldn ihuX, CTQG, H 2006, tr. 67 - 68
7,8. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Van lain Dgi hpi dgi biiu lodn quPc ldn thicIX, CTQG, H, 2001, tr. 40,43
10. Dang cdng san Viet Nam: Van hen Ddng Toan lap, CTQG, H, 2000, T. 8, tr. 440.
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