PHAT TRIEN DU L

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PHAT TRIEN DU L|CH TAM LINH TAI VI^T NAM THL/C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP

Ngaynh$n: 14/10/2014

Dudnq T h | Hdng Nhung Trudng Dai hpc ThUdng mai Email: nhungksdl@vcu.edu.vn

Ngaynh$nlgi: 04/11/2014 Ma so: 74+75.2TRMg.22

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TCt khda: Du lich tim linh, ViSt Nam, phat then du lich, giii phip phit trie'n 1. Khai quat ve du l|ch tam linh

a, Quan nigm vedu lich tam ln^ hi$n nay tren the gldl va VietNam

Trfin the gidi ndi chung vfi d Viet Nam not rieng cd nhQng quan diem khae nhau va den nay va'n ehua ed mdt khai niem chung nha't ve "du lich tam linh". Tuy nhien, x e l ve ndi dung va linh chat hogt dpng, du hch tfim linh thyc chat la loai hinh du lich van hda, lay yeu to van hda tam linh vUa ifim ed sd vQa lam muc tieu nham thoa man nhu cau tam linh cua eon ngudi trong ddi song tinh than. Vdl each nhin nhfin dd, du hch lam linh khai thae nhQng yeu to van hda tam iinh trong qua Irinh dieh ra efie hogt dpng du heh, dya vao nhQng gia trj van hda vfit thfi' va phi vai the gan vdi heh sQ hinh thfinh nhan thQc eua con ngudi ve the gidi, nhOng gia In ve dQc lin. ton giao, tin ngudng va nhOng gia In tinh thdn dSc bifit khac.

Hieu mpt each khai quat. "Du heh tfim linh la viec thyc hifin cac chuydn di den cac Phal tich, thanh tieh nham bay td Idng Ihanh kinh bang cac nghi IhQe cung bai, ton vinh, chiem ngudng, cam thy. glao tiep. eau phuc, cau ldc, eau tai,....trong d d dpng cd eua chuyen di bao gom ca vific Ihda man nhu cau du hch vfi nhu cau tam llnh eua du khach".

Trong h6\ eanh hien nay, ngUdi ta da chQ J den du heh tin ngudng va du lich tam linh. The nhung nhieu ngudi dudng nhu van cdn nham lan hai loai hinh du hch gan gidng nhau ve mfit hinh IhQc nfiy Du iich tin ngudng la mpt hinh IhQc du hch phfit trifi'n rat manh d nhieu qudc gia Irfin the gidi. Du khach theo loai hinh du lieh nfiy IhUdng lim den cac dinh, chua. eac thang lich ldn giao de van canh, cung bai. cau nguyen,... Tai day, du khach se hda vao ddng tin do dd cam nhan ve yen binh, Ihanh than d nhOng thang tich tdn gtao noi tieng.

Cdn du lich tam linh gan day da hinh Ihanh va dang phat trie'n d nhQng quoc gia Chau A, dfic biet nhOng quoc gia Iheo Phfit giao nhu An Dd, Nhfit Ban, Trung Quoc, Thai Lan. Hang nam, eac cd quan tdn giao Nhat Ban kel hpp vdi eae cdng ly IQ hdnh to ChQc tour cho tren vai ngan khaeh hanh hudng tQ Nhfit Ban den eae thanh lieh Phfit gifio 6 An Dp. Thai Lan, Myanmar. Chau Au hang nam cung da to chQc nhieu doan du khach tham gia cac le'hdi tdn giao, cac khda lim hifi'u va nghien cQu ldn giao, cac khda tu thien lai cac qudc gia Chfiu A tUng in dau chan cua Phfit Thich Ca Mau Ni luc sinh thdi.

T h d nhung vifie den cae thdnh lieh tdn giao cua du khdch trong loai hinh du hch tam linh

So 74+75/2014

-khoa hQC

""**-inial 67

QUAN TRI KINH DOANH

khdng ehi ddn gian la van eanh. hay lim hieu mpl nen van'hda khae. Vdi hp. eac thanh tich, Phfit tich la nhQng ndi giac ngd, ndi ed the' trao tfing cho hp cac thdng diep tuydt vdi, chUa dung minh Iriet giae ngd, sy hda hdp giOa eon ngudi vdi the gidi, ndi mfi qua khoa lu Ihien tai chd'. hp cd the giai mfi ft nhieu ban the ca nhan bi fi'n cQa kiep nghifip chinh minh,...

Cyu Tdng Ihdng An Dp, lien sT A.RJ Abdul Kalam phfin bifit rgch rdi rang: "Du l|eh tam linh hoan toan khac vdi viec tham quan eac dia danh va ngdm nhin cac chieu kich vfit ly. Du heh tfim linh cd nghTa la tham vieng trai tim va tfim tri eua nhDng b§c hien triet...". Bdi vgy mfi cd tang sU tQng dd nghj doi "du lieh tam linh" thanh "du lieh chanh phap", vi theo dai su khai nigm "phap" chi cho thyc tgi. trong khi khai nigm "tam linh" da ham y nh| nguyen. Du hch chanh phap cd nghTa la cudc hanh trinh vdi chanh phap, ddng hanh vdi chanh phap. Du khach Ihdng thudng chi di tren con dudng (walk on a path) trong khi du khach trong du heh tam linh thi thyc hanh con dudng (walk a path).

Du l|ch tam linh den cac Phfit tich se giup con ngudi thao gd dupc cac cam xQc kho dau, vun bdi tfim tri vfi tinh than minh triel. Du hch tam linh rat can thiet cho tinh than eon ngudl trdng xa hpi hien dai. Nd bao hfim ea hanh trinh tim kiem cfie gia tri van hda truyen thong lan lim Igi ehinh minh. Lam b'di dfiy ddi song giac ngd cua khaeh du l|eh tgi nhDng dia danh tam linh chlnh la muc tifiu cija efic tour du l|eh lam linh.

Didu ly thu cua du lieh tam linh edn 6 eho'lat ca du khaeh di trong lour deu nhu nhau Irong vai trd cua mdt tin dd. khdng phfin bi^t thanh phan xa hdi, gial cdp, khdng phan bifit sang hen, gidi tinh, tud'i tae, dia vi xa hdi,... Du hch lam linh vi vfiy cd thd giup moi ngudi gd bo vai di^n ke la mat (letranger - chQ cua Albert Camus) trong ddi de sdng hda hpp ty nhien nhu lat ea ehung sinh Iren mfit d a t

Khi ddi sdng vfii chat ngay eang dupe nfing cao, xa hpi cang hien dgi thi eon ngudi ta lai efing cd nhu cau nang cao hdn nOa ddi song tinh

khoa hoc ^ 68 thifiJng'nial

thdn. Cho nen s y phat trifi'n eQa du hch tam linh trcmg tUdng lai khdng xa Id nhu cdu lat yeu, nhat la ddi vdi qudc gia ed ndn van hda Phfit giao nhu Vifit Nam.

ChUdng trinh lour du heh tam linh vl thd gan nhu sinh hogt cua eac khda tu vdl gid gia'c cu the, vdi cac chudng Irinh: Ngdi yfin va lung kinh; Phdp dfim; Thien tra; Du le'xuat gia; Trd chdi dfin gian;

Tham van; Di thien; Phap thogi; Thien ca; Thi§n budng thu,...

Can luu J rang, phan ldn cac thanh lich nSmfl nhQng vung nQi cao, heo lanh vdi khi hau thudng khac biet vdi duyen hai, phd phudng, vi vgy trong nhDng lour ey the, cdng ty du hch IhUdng yfiu cSu du khaeh ehudn bi lui ngu, chan men, ao dm, khdn quang ed, ndn, den pin, do quan va vfii dung cd nhan. Ddi khi dfi' tham gia eae le'hdi vui xuan,tSr gifio, du khach cdn dude ngudi thiel ke tour dS nghl mang thed trang phye truyen thdng nhu do dai, khan ddng, a o t Q t h a n . . . Du khaeh neu c6sdc khde tdt, ed yeu eau cam trgi ngodi trdi, cfing tysS chua'n b| leu trai va eae vat dung lifin quan khac.

Dcic biet d tour du hch tam linh, ro rang du khddi khdng dUdc hQl thude, hay udng nJpu, kh6ng mang theo eac trd chdi dien tQ, dd dCing quy gid, IhQc an mSn...

b, Cac dieu ld$n dephat bien du lich tam linh De phat trie'n du iieh tam linh Ihl can phSic6 eac dieu kifin sau:

ThO nhat, can xfiy dyng vfi thyc hien chien iUdc, quy hogch va chinh sach phat tridn du lich tam linh. Bdi le du heh ndi chung Id mdt ngdnh d|c thu, mdt san ph^m du hch dUde hinh thanh la ntifl sy lien ket cua nhieu nganh, ITnh vyc khach nhau, do dd dd cd mdt san pha'm du hch tdt dam bio ctio sy phat trien ben vQng thi can phai cd su hpp tdo dieu Ira, linh loan, quy hogeh, quyet d|nh dautu xay dyng, duy tri hay nang cap cua nhidu cd quan ve du hch, giao thdng v§n tai, cdng an, y td, gido dye,...Bfin eanh dd,cae didm ddn du Ijch lam linh khdng gidng vdi eae die'm den du l|ch th6ng thudng ma nd cdn lien quan den Ph^l giao do d6 phat trien du Ijch tfim linh theo chieu rdng-tiJcIS phdt trie'n ve quy md eua eae khu di tieh Phfit gido

(5"

So 74+75/2014

QUAN TRI KINH DOANH

thi lai can cd sy lien kel vdi cae co quan ve Phgt gido, eae edng ty du heh, IQ hanh.

ThO hai, can md rdng ngudn vdn dau lu va tang cUdng khoa hpe edng nghe. Vific xfiy dyng cac cd sd hg tang phuc vy du lieh tat cac difi'm den lam linh cung ed sy khfic biel so vdi cac diem den du l|ch thdng thudng do yfiu cau ve mat kien trQc vUa phai dam bao dupc quy md du Idn de dfip Qng dupc sd lupng Idn du khach vQa phat dam bao giQ dupe nhQng net d§c Irung cua loi kien true Phat giao. Do dd can phai ed dQ ngudn lyc ve von, khoa hpc edng nghe va ca nhan lye de dam bao sy lau ben eua cae ed sd ha lang nay trong tUdng lai.

ThO ba, ve cd sd ha tang ndi ehung bao gom vi^c xfiy dyng, trQng lu eac di tich, Phfii tich cung vdi hfi thdng phUdng tifin giao thdng di Igi, ndi an nghi phuc vu du khach. Be nang cao chat lupng dich vy thi trudc het can phai cd cac dieu kifin ve cd sd vat chat. Do dd trude het lfi can phai thyc hidn tdt md hinh phat trie'n ben vQng theo ehieu rpng de tgo ra cic lien dd eho vifie phat trien theo chidu sau.

ThO to, edn ed dpi ngu nhan lye dupc dao tao mpt each bai ban. Dpi ngu nay cd the phan thanh hai nhdm co ban: mdl Ifi nhQng ngUdi IrUc tiep hudng dah du khaeh Iham quan tai eae di lich thi can phai cd nhQng hie'u biet sau sac ve tdn giao.

vd die'm den dd de gidi thieu tudng tan cho du khaeh; hai lfi nhQng ngudi kinh doanh. phue vu eae dieh vu khac cd lien quan trong suot ehuyen di cua du khach thi can phai dupe dao lgo ve chuyfin mdn nghidp vu vd phai dupc quan ly e h | t che de cd the phuc vu du khach tdt nhat.

ThQ nim. can cd sy phdi hdp giQa eac ben cd lien quan tham gia vfio hoat ddng kinh doanh du hch tgi eae diem den gdm: cac doanh nghiep du Ijch, 10 hanh; cac eo sd kinh doanh cua dan cu d|a phUdng; ban quan ly eac khu di tich va ed quan quan IJ nha nudc lai d|a phUdng dd xay dung dupe van hda du hch tai mdi dtem den lam linh. Du lich tam linh cung mang linh chat thdi vu nhy nhieu loai hinh du l|ch khac, do dd trong cac Ihdi diem chinh vu thudng xay ra cac tinh trang IQa dao, cheo kdo du khdch gay mat trai l u an

tofin xfi hpi tal cac diem du Hch. Trong khi muc dieh eua du lich tam linh lfi giQp cho du khach earn thay thoai mai ve mat tinh than, cho lam tTnh lai thi nhQng linh trang do se khien cho du khaeh khdng hai Idng ve chat IUpng chung eQa difi'm du lich tam linh va se khdng mudn quay iai vao nhOng dip le'khae nDa.

c, Kinh nghi$m phat then du li<^ tam llnh tgi mgt so qudc gia ttianh cong

- BiihgctQAnBd

An Dp dupc mfinh danh lfi dat nudc cua tdn giao va tnet hpc. Quoc gia nay la ndi khdi nguyen cua efie ton giao ldn tren the gidi trong dd ndi bat la Phat giao, bdi vfiy rai rac khap dai nude nay lfi hfing ngfin Phfit tieh, danh thang lien quan den Phfit giao. Vdi hdn mdt ty tin do Phfit gifio trfin khap the gidi. An Dp dUdng nhien trd thanh mpl trong nhQng die'm den hap dah nhat eho du lieh lam lmh, Hie'u ro dieu nay nfin IQ rat sdm Chlnh phu An Dp da ehU J xay dyng ehinh saeh lien ket du heh An Dp vdi tam linh Phfit giao. De cac Phfit tich thu hilt du khaeh, Chinh phu An Dp thiet Ifip efie dudng bay mdi tU eae IhQ do cQa cac bang quan trpng den tha'ng eae thanh dja Phfit giao, thfim eae chuyen xe IQa dfic lap danh cho du khach hfinh hUdng den dat Phfit Trong vung phu can cac Ihanh tich, hp cho xfiy dyng nhieu khach san du loai va eae can hd cho thufi de du khfich cd the luu trQ nhieu ngay tgi day. Cac nhfi hang cung da ed nhieu logi thyc pha'm Chfiu A dfi' giup eho du khach chua quen vdi hUdng v] thyc pham An Dp cd the' an udng dupc de'dang. Hoan thien hdn, ho edn thiet Ifip cac die'm dich vu y te, dap Qng kip thdi va dam bao sUe khoe eho du khach. M§e du ehinh phu An Dp rat quan tam dau tu phat trien cdng nghe du iieh, nhung khdng eho cac yeu t d thUdng mai hda chi phdi du lich tam linh. Ndi khac di, mpt mat Chinh phu lgo phUdng tifin day dQ va tign nghi cho cac du khach nhu nang cap dudng xd, thiel Ifip them eae phUdng tifin giao Ihdng, dam bao ve sinh mdi trudng d nhQng ndi cdng cdng va efic san ga, dfic biel la nhDng khu phu c^n cac P h | l tich, nhung mat khac khuyen khich va tao dieu klfin eho eae giao hpi Ph^t giao Iren khdp the

86 74+75/2014

-khoa hoc ^

"thifdng'inal 69

QUAN TR! KINH DOANH

gidi md cac khoa tu thien trong khudn vien eua cac Phat lich. giQp cho du khach thanh Ipc than tam trong nhDng ngay 6 Iren dat Phgt

- Bii hgc tO Thii Lan

Nhln sang qudc gia lang gieng Thai Lan, mac dQ xfit ve mat sd IUpng, le'hdi dan gian eQa ngQdi Thai khdng nhieu nhu d Viet Nam, nhUng khi danh gia ve chat IUpng, khdng khd de nhfin ra sU each bifit ro rfing. TQ hinh anh hang ngfin du khfich nUde ngoai nd nhQng nu cQdi ha hfi khi tham gia ie"

hfii Te nude ddn nam mdi, mpl ie'hpi truydn thong d Thai Lan, nhidu ngUdi da phai thfin phuc tai nghe lam du hch cua ngudi Thai. Tai nghfi d day ehinh la d chd; hp da bien nhOng le'hdi truyen thdng cua rieng dfin ipc minh thanh ngfiy hfii chung cua khaeh thap phUdng vdi day diJ cac dan tde IQ cae mau da.

0 d iam dupc dieu nay, hp da cd nhQng chien lupe giai phap bai ban cy the. Trudc hel la cdng tae xQe tien, quang ba cho le'hdi. Tai Thai Lan, trudc khi dieh ra cac le'hdi, IQ nhieu Ihang trudc, cac cdng ly 10 hanh da nhgn dypc ehUdng trinh cu the': thdi gian, d|a diem hogt ddng, kem theo la cac ChUdng Irinh khuyen mai. TQ dd. hang logi Ihdng tin ve le'hdi, dae biet la npi dung va J nghTa eua Id"

hpi, da duoc cai doanh nghiep IQ hanh. hang khong, khach san... chuyen den cho du khaeh, khien khdng it ngudi den vdi le"hdi chi vi td m d . Ben cgnh dd, trong khau to chQc, ngudi Thai xfiy dyng kich ban rat ehuyen nghifip, hgn che nhQng khau hinh IhQc rudm ra, mat thdi gian vfi khdng can thiet, tfip trung vao khau bieu dieh de thu hul du khach. Phan le"dUdc td chQc trang nghiem, nhQng khdng te nhgt, khd hie'u, ngupc lai, sQ dung cfich dan dat vdn de vQa thu hut, vQa mang linh dSc trung van hda dia phUdng nhQ dien kjch, mieu ta npi dung va J nghTa eua phan Id"vdi trang phye va dao eu Iruyen Ihdng. Phan hdi dupc td chQc Irong khdng gian rdng va md, tgo dieu kien cho du khdch dupc chifim ngudng va ty minh Irai nghifim.

Mpt yeu to nQa dd la ngudl dfin Thai Lan ludn dupe biel den vdl sy Ihfin thifin, hp san Idng mdi khaeh du heh cung tham gia vd cung ehia se J nghTa cua le'hdi dd. Nhd dd, cde Ie'hpi tmyen thdng cua Thai

khoa hoc ^ ^

70 thififng'flipi ' ^ " ^ ^ " ^ ^ = ^ = ^ = ^ ^

Lan dupe bgn be trfin khap the gidi ldn trpng vd yeu thieh. Day eung la ed sd d d du hch That Lan khai thae, phfit trien vfi ngay cfing hap dSi du khach qudc te.

2. Thyc trgng phat trien d u l[ch tam linh tqi Vidt Nam

a, Cic dieu kien vi ket qua dgt dQdc Trudc lien ed the khang dinh, Vifit Nam c6 co hdi rat Idn dd phal trien du hch tfim iinh. Vift Nam ed nhieu tiem nang bdi nen van hda dam da ban sae dfin tdc vdi nhu cau hudng tdi nhQng gid tq linh than cao ca, dQc tin, tin ngudng vfi tdn gido.

Vifit Nam la mpt quoc gia rat gifiu c6 cdo thanh tich: ehua Tran Quoc (Hfi Ndi), chDa HUdng (Ha Tfiy), Yen TQ (Quang Ninh), Luy Ldu (Bac Ninh), Thanh that Cao Dai (Tay Ninh), Trd Kifiu (Quang Nam), La Vang (Quang Tri), Phdt Difim (Ninh Binh),... Cac thanh tieh ngay cdng dupc chQ J dau t u nfing ca'p, eai tgo, tu siJa khang trang, be the hdn.

Chang han, nQi ehQa Bfii Dinh nam each trung tfim thfinh pho Ninh Binh 12km, cfich cd do Hoa LQ 5 km dupe xem la khu du Ijch tfim iinh mdi cOa Vifil Nam. Difin Tam T h d c d tUdng Tam Thd due bang ddng. nfing tdi 50 tan; Dien Phfip Chfl vdi lupng Thich Ca Mau Ni nfing 100 tan; hai qua chudng ddng nSng 36 tan va 27 tan dong, cdng Tam quan, ho Phdng sinh... Xung quanh hai bdn ldi di la 500 lUdng La Han bang da Ninh Vdn - Ninh Binh. Ngoai ra, nQi Bai Dinh cQng la ndi d9t khu thap md su, bao thap 14 lang, khu bao tdng Phat giao Viet Nam, khu Ihd Md'u... Khaeh c6th^

nghi ngdi trong cdng vien yen ITnh ndl trdng nhiSu cfiy dupc lidu, cay q u j hiem hoae dao thuyen vdo tham khu hang dpng Trang An each chCia khfing xa, ndi ed tdi 50 hang ddng dudi Idng nQi da voi d3 phat Id. Khu du l|ch nay rpng 510ha, dUpc xdy dyng vdi nhieu hang mye Idn, nhung gdn nhiichl chu J cho du khach van eanh.

La m d l trong 3 thien vifin tam cd ldn nhatcOa Vi^t Nam, Thien vlfin T m c lam Tay Thifin thuflc xa Dai D i n h , huygn Tam D a o , dUdc xdy di/ng ngay bfin cgnh khu di lich danh thang Tay Thien ed l y . Thien vidn ed di$n tfeh rdng 4,5ha, rting

So 74+75/201^

QUAN TBI KINH DOANMjJ

ngogi vi rdng 50ha lfi mpt edng trlnh mang tam cd qudc gia da ehinh IhQc hoan thifin vfi dUde khanh thanh cuoi nam 2005. Mo! nam cd hdng ngfin ph^l tQ, du khaeh trong va ngodi nudc hanh hUdng ve "cfii ngudn Phat giao Vi0t Nam" nfiy cung de thap hUdng khdn phfit va thudng ngoan cdnh dgp rQng nQi Tay Thien hdn vdi mong muon lim Igi ehfnh minh.

d phia Nam, du khach cd the den Thidn Vien

Bat Nha tai huy#n Bao Lpc, Lam Ddng. Day la ndi thu hut ddng khach ddn dd tu hpe, gd bd mpi ganh nfing cudc song dd llm ve su binh than cOa tam hdn. Thien vign tpa lac giQa mfinh mdng arng thdng vd tra nhu mpt dda sen tinh khidt giQa cao nguyfin. Odn dfiy, trfin IQng bQdc di, Irong Idng hudng Ph$t, than tfim dam minh trong thien l§ng giQa mpt khdng gian bat ngat thien fin, du khaeh se cam thdy canh vfit thanh tmh la IQng, chi nghe lieng suoi rdc rfich, thdng reo va tieng chudng thien ngfin nga, vang vpng, IQe ay ban se nhu nghe dupc tieng ndi npi tam cua chinh minh.

Day la mpt d|a chi cd the' trien khai dupe du heh lam linh.

Trong khudn khd Hdi nghi quoe td ve du hch tam linh vi sy phat trie'n ben vQng id chQc lgi Ninh Binh, nhieu dgi bidu da ehi dfin nhQng tiem nang phdt tridn du Ijch lam llnh eua Viet Nam eung nhu nhOng Ipi ich mfi du hch Ifim linh mang Igi eho sy phai trien ben vQng cua nganh du l|eh tren the gidi. Nhieu chuyfin gia nhat tri rang, trong xu hudng phfit tridn eQa du Ijch the gidi, du lich tam linh tiep tue dupc nhan mgnh. NhQng nam qua, lupng khach di du hch tfim linh khdng ngQng tfing cao, trong dd Vldl Nam nd'i ien la mpt dat nude cd nhieu tiem nang ve du l|ch tam linh.

Theo sd lidu thdng ke, tgi Viet Nam, khach du iich lam llnh chiem tJ trpng kha Idn, trong so khoang 35 tri^u khaeh du l|eh ndi d[a nam 2013 chf linh rieng sd khach den cac didm Ifim linh (ehua, ddn, phu, tda thanh) cd khoang 14,5 tripu ngudi, lUdng dUdng 41%. NhOng hogt dpng lam linh ehQ ydu la: Hfinh huong ddn nhOng didm tfim linh; tham quan van eanh, thudng ngogn khdng gian cdnh quan va klidng gian kien trtJc dieu khac

So 74+75/2014

gan vdi ^em tam linh; tham gia le'hdi tin ngUdng dfin gian, thdi gian tfip trung chQ ydu vao efic mua le'hdi nhu sau Tel Nguyen Dan, cac dip ndng nhan (Ie'hpi dta phUdng)...

Cd dupe nhQng eon sd an IUpng nay la bdi:

ThO nhdt, Vifil Nam cd nhidu liem nang va

thd mgnh de phal trien du l|ch tfim linh, thd hi§n d be day van hda gan vdi truyen thong, tdn gido, lin ngudng; sy da dgng vfi phong phQ cua cac Ihang tich ldn gido va so iupng Idn cfic tfn ngudng, le* hpi dan gian dupc td ehQe quanh nam tren phgm vi ca nude.

ThO hai, hoat ddng du Itch tfim linh ngay

eang chQ ddng, ed ehieu sau vfi trd thanh nhu cau khdng thfi' thidu trong ddi sdng linh than cQa dgi bp phfin nhfin dfin; hoat dpng kinh doanh, dau tu vfio du hch tam linh ngay cang da'y mgnh thd hifin d quy md, tinh chdt cac heat dpng eua cac khu, difi'm du hch tfim linh. Vifil Nam dang ChQng kien sy ra ddi vfi phal trien ngay cfing nhidu diem du l|ch Ifim linh d hau hel cfic dia phUdng, vQng, mien tren phgm vi ca nude, tifiu bieu nhu: Den HQng (Phu Thp); Yfin TQ (Quang Ninh), ChQa HUdng (Hfi Nfii)...

ThOba, du hch lam iinh ngay cang dupc xa hdi

Hep cfin va nhln nhfin lich cue ca ve khia cgnh kinh te va xa hpi. Nha nudc ngay cang quan tfim hdn ddi vdi sy phat trie'n du hch tfim linh vfi coi dd Id mdt Irong nhQng gldl phap dfip Qng ddi song tinh than nhfin dfin ddng thdi vdl vipc bao ldn, tdn vinh nhQng gia tri truyen thong, suy ldn nhOng gifi In nhan van cao ca.

Khdng thd phu nhfin. du lich tfim linh dang cd nhQng ddng gdp no' lyc vao vifie xfiy dyng phal trifi'n du i|ch ben vQng. Theo TS Daniel H.OIsen, Dgi hpc Brandon (Ca-na-da) tQ quan diem kinh te, gidng nhu hau het cac Ihj Irudng du heh d$c thu, du hch tam linh cd the tang doanh thu cho didm den du heh, tgo vifie ldm va khuyen khieh hoat dpng kinh doanh d cac die'm den ddn khach du hch tfim linh. Vi du didn hinh tai Ninh Binh, each day 10 nam. khu vyc Bfii Dinh Id mdt vQng dat ngheo nan. dudng di vdo rat khd khSn, ngudi dan sdng lam lu, thu nhfip bap benh, khdng cd vide

khoa hoc ^

imfii 71

QUAN TR! KINH DOANH

lam. Nhung IQ khi xay dyng dy an ChQa Bai Dinh, du lich tfim linh phat Irien khien cho dien mgo cudc sdng cQa ca khu vyc thay ddi. Cudc sdng cua ngudi dan dupc eai thifin. Hfing ehue ngan ngUdi dan da ed viee lam, thu nhgp d'n dinh tD 4-6 trifiu ddng mpt thang; TQ khia canh van hda-xa hpi. du l|ch tfim lmh cd the ddng gdp vao viec vQpt qua cac thanh kien van hda va khuyen khieh mdl quan hfi van hda "hOu nghi" hofic xay dyng "moi quan he thfin thifin" va cung ed the' gdp phan vao myc dich quan trpng la sQ dung du hch la cdng cy kien tgo hda binh; tD gdc dp mdi trudng, du iich tam linh cd the khuyen khich va hd'trp cfie tap quan ben vQng ve moi tmdng sinh thai.

b, NhOng han che

Ben egnh cd hdi rat Idn de phal trien du heh tam linh thi chung ta eung dang gfip phai nhQng thach thUc khdng nhd.

Sd hQu nhidu liem nang de' phal trifi'n du lich tam linh, song thyc te lfi cac diem du hch tfim linh cua Vigl Nam mdi chi thu hut khach ndi dia ehQ chua hap dfin dupe du khach qudc te. Theo Ihdng kfi cua nganh du iich, trong so 6,8 trifiu iupt khach den Viet Nam nam 2013, Udc linh chi cd khoang 12% khaeh du hch den cac diem du Ijch tfim Itnh.

Nguyen nhfin la do:

TO phia ciu

Thdi gian luu tru trung binh cua khach du hch tgi eae diem du hch tam linh cdn ngan, thfim chi khaeh chl iuu igi vfii gid trong ngay. Theo bao cao cua cac Sd VHTTDL, mfit sd die'm den ndi tieng hap da"n ve du heh lam linh cQa Vifil Nam cung khdng niu giQ dUde du khaeh d lai ifiu dai, nhu Mieu Bfi Chua XQ Nui Sam cd s d ngay iuu tru trung binh cua khach la 1,3 ngay; Chua Bai Dinh 1 ngay; Yen TQ 0,84 ngay.... Mpt so die'm nhU Den Tran- Phu Day hay My Sdn thi s d ngay luu tnS trung binh cua du khdch edn la so 0 trdn Irinh.

Thdi gian di du hch tfim linh cua du khfich cung khdng deu dfin ma tap Irung vao dip cuoi nam, dau nam fim hch va cae thdi diem didn Ie'hpi dan gian trong nam. Hien nay du lich tfim linh cua Viet Nam mang tinh mua vu ra't cao do dSe thCi phong tuc tap quan, dac diem van hda tfim iinh eua dat

kfioa hoc . 72 thifdng'mar

nude la cfic Id'hpi, thdi quen di den chua cQa ngiiflf dan chu yeu tfip ^ u n g vao nhQng thang dau hodc cudi nam am hch. NhQng thdi didm khac Irong nam hien cung ed khach tham quan, van canh, song sd IQpng khdng ddng va khfing deu d^n.

Ben canh dd, chi Iifiu eua phan idn khach du lieh lai eac diem du l|ch tam linh thudng rat khiem ton. ehu yeu ehi cho cac hoal dpng phuc vu te lei eau nguygn, chifim bai..., fl phat sinh chi phi khfic. Mpt s d difi'm tam iinh Ihu phi tham quan, cdn lai hau hel cac diem du hch tfim linh g i n vdi tfn ngudng khdng thu phf ma chi de hom cong dQc de khaeh ty nguyfin ddng gdp. Nhflng chi phi ed ban eho eac hoat ddng fin udng, gidi khat, luu trQ qua dfim, luu nifim, san vfit dia phUdng... ehiem m p l tJ trpng dang ke nhiing khdng Idn do du khaoh hau het vieng tham trong thdi gian ngdn, ft nghi Igi qua dem.

TQ phia cung

Sy thieu hul ve cac dich vy cd ban cho du khach la nguyen nhan hfing dau dd'n ddn vific chi tieu ft va luu tru ngan. Cdc dich vu cd ban nhu dn udng, luu IrQ, d§e biSl lfi luu trQ qua dfim con rdt hgn ehe, khdng ehi thieu hyt ve sd lupng ma chSt lupng cung rat khdng dam bao. Khdng ehi vfiy, gid Ihanh iai qufi cao cung la yeu to khien du khdch khdng mudn va cung khdng dam sQ dyng.

ThQ nDa la sy ddn difiu, thidu tfnh sang t^o trong hogt dpng t d chQe du l|eh tam linh. Hien nay ndi den cdc diem tam linh, du khach mdl chi nghi den vific di dd eau, le", v5n canh, ngoai ra khong biet lam gi. Neu thay vl cac hoat ddng rieng le dd, cdc diem tam linh cd thfi' t d chQe efic hogt dpng lifin quan nhu nghe thuyel giang Ph$t phap, giang Dao, an chay, tu thien...trong mpt khoang thfli gian nhai d|nh theo nhu cau cua du khaeh, thiSt nghT hoal ddng d day se hap dah hdn.

Ngoai ra, dieu dang ehu J lfi sy phal trien du heh ndi chung va du lich tfim linh ndi rifing cung la nhQng nhan to gay tac dpng ddn mdi trifdng, canh quan thien nhien tgi eac di tich l|ch sCi, ^ san van hda... Sy gia lang nhanh chdng s6 lupng du khdch gay nen nhQng dp lUe nghifirn Irpng len cac di tieh, dl san van hda va thidn

So 74+75/2014

nhien. NhQng di san, trong dd bao gdm ea van hda va thien nhien ehua dupe ehuan b| de phat huy loan bd Hem nang vdn cd, dan den kel qua la san pham khdng cd nhieu khac biel, ehat lupng thap, Irai nghifim tfch eye cQa khach bi han che, thdi gian luu trQ bi rUt ngan. Dfic bifit, cae cdng ddng d|a phUdng sdng trong va xung quanh cac khu vye di san, dl tich nhieu noi van chua dupe hudng Ipi nhieu IQ phfit trie'n du hch. _

3. Gial phap phat trien du l|ch tam linh tgi Vigt Nam

Tren cd sd nhDng hgn ehe ke tren, didu quan trpng ifi phai cd cac bifin phap ddng bd va tong hpp de khai thae hieu qua loai hinh du heh nay d Viet Nam. Cy the':

Dfi' eae P h | t tfch thu hut du khach, chinh phu nen thiet l#p eac dudng bay mdi tQ eac Irung lam Idn nhu Ha Ndi, thanh phd Hd Chf Minh ...den thang cac Ihanh dia Phat giao. thfim eac ehuydn xe iQa ddc Ifip danh cho du khach hanh huong den dat Phfit. Trong vung phy can cac Ihanh tfch, can cho xay dyng nhieu khach sgn dO logi va cac can hp eho thue de du khach ed the' iuu tru nhieu ngay tai day. Cac nha hang cung nen cd nhidu loai thyc phfi'm Irfin the'gidi de giup eho du khaeh ehua quen vdi hUdng v| thye phfi'm Viet Nam ed the an udng dUpc de' dang. Be hoan thien hdn, ehQng ta nfin thiet lap eac die'm dich vy y te, dip Qng kip thdi va dam bao sQe khoe cho du khfich.

Ddng thdi, chfnh phu cdn phoi hpp vdi eac Bd, ban nganh lien quan, dfie bipt la Bd Van hda - The Ihao va Du l|ch, khdng cho cae yeu to thUdng mgi hda chi phdi du hch tam linh. Ndi khac di. mdt mfit chinh phu lao phQdng tien day du va tien nghi cho cac du khdch nhu nang cap dUdng xa, Ihiet i^p them cae phUdng tien giao thdng, dam bao ve sinh mdi trudng d nhQng ndi edng cpng va cac san ga, dSc bifit la nhQng khu phy efin cac Phfit tfch, nhUng m | t khac khuydn khfeh va tao dieu kifin cho cac gido hdi Phfit giao tren khap the gidi md eac khoa tu thien Irong khudn vifin eua eae Ph^t tieh, giQp cho du khfich thanh Ipc than tfim Irong nhDng ngay 6 trfin da't Phfit.

IAN TRI KINH DOANH

Nhu vfiy CO the Ihay, sy phat trie'n cua du hch tfim linh tai Viet Nam ed nhQng ed hdi va thach thQc rat Idn. Nhfin difin cd hdi, phat huy Idi Ihd.

ddng thdi llm cac gial phap phQ hop vfi hifiu qua de d ^ mat vdi thfich thQe la nhDng vific ma nganh du Itch Vifit Nam can lam de phat trie'n du hch tfim linh not rieng va hoat ddng du l|ch ndi ehung cua Vifit N a m . *

Tai liSu ttiam khao :

h t t p : / / w w w . m o t i o n m e d i a . e o m . v n / i n d e x . p h p ? option =eom_conlenl&view=article&id=139%

3 A v n h - h - l o n g & c a t i d = 2 5 % 3 A s e - m a u - l - h i

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2. htlps://www.google.com.vn/search?q=

du+l%E1%BB%8Bch+t%C3%A2m+linh+l%C3%A 0+g%C3%AC&oq=du+l%E1%BB%8Bch+l%C3%

A2m+linh&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j69i57j0l4.3677j0J 7&soureeid=ehrome&espv=210&es_sm=93&ie=U TF-8

3. h l t p : / / w w w . v i e t n a m p i u s . v n / d a n h - l h u c - t i e m - n a n g - d u - i i e h - t a m - l i n h - t i n h - b a e - n i n h / 236377.vnp

4. hltp://www. duliehtamlinh.net/

5. hltp://laodong.com.vn/xa-hoi/eae-diem- du-lich-tam-linh-hul-khach-178505.bld

Summary

The article covers the viewpoints and condi- tions lo develop spiritual tourism in Vietnam, analyses the achievements and limitations of this tourism model in recent time as a foundation to propose solutions lo effectively exploit and pro- mole the tourism activities in the country.

So 74+75/2014 ^{-khoa h9c} ""'^imal