QUAN HE V i p NAM - TRUNG QUOC
i r t VAO CHII CUA NHAU BE c h e TiM 6UI l # TJING C M ^ Hiiu NGHI, M i RONfi Wf TAC, CONG NHAU PHAT TRIEN
PGS. LE VAN SANG
Tap chi Kinh te'Chau A- Thdi Binh Duang
^ r ^ V ' ' ^ r h i n lai 60 n a m qua, q u a n he
\ /Mm hflu nghi Viet N a m - T r u n g
^^ ^ - ' Qud'c khong ngflng p h a t trien, song cung phai thfla n h a n r i n g , md'i q u a n he dd cung co liic ndng, luc lanh; luc dam am, luc cam go. Nhin tdng thd, chung t a cd the tha'y, thdi ky nao q u a n he hai nUdc ndng am, hflu hao vdi n h a u thi ca hai quo'c gia dan tpc nay deu gat hai dUdc nhflng t h a n h tUu to ldn trong cong cupc giai phong dan tpc, xay dUng dat nUdc phdn vinh; thdi ky nao mau thuan, xung dot noi Ien, ca hai nUdc deu chiu nhflng tdn tha't nang ne, co nhflng tdn t h a t keo dai khdng de khae phue mot sdm mpt chieu, dd la sU mat long tin, sU nghi ngd lan nhau, de dan den nhflng hanh xd m a t tinh hflu nghi, m a t nghia anh em, ddng chi.
Trong 60 n a m dd ed hdn 10 n a m binh thudng hda q u a n he hai nUdc vfla qua, hai nUdc da vun dap dUdc tinh hflu nghi td't dep, da xay dflng dUde q u a n he hdp tae toan dien vdi phUdng cham "16 chfl" va vdi tinh t h a n "4 td't". Dd la mdt giai doan p h a t trien td't dep trong lich sU q u a n he Viet - T r u n g can tie'p tue p h a t huy.
Song cung t r o n g hdn 10 n a m nay, quan he Viet - • T r u n g d a n d i n h i n h t h a n h nhflng van de ndi com a n h hfldng ldn de'n ldi ich cua mdi ben, r a t de d i n de'n mau t h u i n , x u n g dot n e u c h u n g t a khdng n h a n h chdng tim r a cac giai p h a p hda giai.
Hai linh vflc d a n g ndi ldn nhieu mau t h u i n la linh vflc k i n h te' va linh vflc chu quyen bien dao.
Ve Unh vytc kinh te, mac du quan he kinh te' thfldng mai Viet - T r u n g p h a t trien r a t n h a n h t r o n g hdn 10 n a m qua, song nhieu v a n de m a u t h u a n gifla hai nen kinh te' cung d i n d a n ndi Ien theo cac xu hudng sau day:
- Can can thUdng m a i Viet - T r u n g ngay cang ma't can dd'i nghiem trpng, n h a p sieu t a n g k h d n g ngflng b a t ldi cho phia Viet N a m . Thdng qua q u a n h e bien mau, nhieu h a n g n h a i , h a n g gia, h a n g lau t r a n vao Viet N a m , gay khd k h a n cho nhieu n g a n h s a n xua't, dac biet cac xi nghiep nhd va vfla eua Viet N a m .
- Xu h u d n g xua't k h a u nguyen lieu thd tU Viet N a m s a n g T r u n g Qud'c ngay cang t a n g , ti trpng xua't k h a u h a n g che bie'n cua Viet Nam s a n g T r u n g Qudc h l u nhU ft
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NGHIEN CliU TRUNG QUdC so 1(101) - 2010Quan he Viet Nam - Trung Quoc...
dfldc cai thien, ngay cang khodt sau sU bat binh dang thUdng mai kieu B i c - Nam trong quan he gifla hai nUdc.
- Xu hudng ehuyen dich dau tU cdng nghe thap, gay d n h i i m , it cai thien kha nang canh tranh ciia h a n g Viet Nam tfl Trung Qud'c sang Viet Nam tang manh do nhu e l u ehuyen dich cd eau kinh te' Trung Qud'c, dac biet d cac dae khu kinh te' vung duyen hai Trung Quoe lien ke vdi Viet Nam.
- Xu hudng ttat giam k h a n a n g canh t r a n h cua h a n g hda Viet Nam so vdi h a n g hda Trung Quoe, xu hudng t u t hau qua n h a n h ciia nen kinh te Viet Nam so vdi nen kinh te' T r u n g Qude.
Nhflng xu hudng t r e n trong quan he kinh te Viet T r u n g neu khdng dUde hai nUde eung n h a u tich etie tim giai phap khae phue thi trong tUdng lai se ngay cang kho khan trong viec duy tri q u a n he hflu nghj, md rpng hdp tae, cung nhau phat tridn ma hai ben mong mudn.
Ve Unh uiic chu. quyen bie'n ddo: sU t r a n h chap, ehu quyen bien dao gifla Viet Nam va T r u n g Qude da co tfl lau, song phia Viet Nam cd' gang n h i n nhin cho den gan phut ehdt mdi eung Malaysia dUa ra Lien hdp quo'c yeu cau ehinh thflc ve ehii quyen bien dao cua hai nUdc va eua nUde minh*". Yeu cau nay lap tflc bi T r u n g Qude phan dd'i, dong thdi T r u n g Qud'c chfnh thflc edng bd' chu quyen bien dao h a u nhU la toan bd Bien Ddng thuoc ve Trung Qud'c. Nguy ed Bien Ddng ndi sdng da den sdm hdn dU bao lau nay eua chung toi. Quan he Viet Nam - Trung Qud'c trong van de giai quj'd't tranh chap ehu quyen bien dao d Bien Ddng se ngay eang cang t h i n g ne'u hai ben khdng sdm tim ra giai phap hdp ly, quan he
"hflu nghi hdp tac cung phat trien" se cd nguy cd do vd, lam tdn hai ldn de'n ldi fch chfnh dang cua hai qudc gia, va n h a n dan hai nUdc "nui lien nui, sdng lien sdng" nay.
Lam the nao giai quyet dUde cac mau t h u a n tren de hai ben thtic hien td't khau hieu "tang cUdng hflu nghi, md rpng hdp tac, eung n h a u p h a t trien" trong thdi gian tdi? Trong budi lam viec vdi giao sU Cdc Nguyen DUdng, nguyen Vien trUdng Vien Kinh te' va Chinh tri the' gidi Trung Qud'c, khi giao sU sang hpi thao vdi Bp Ngoai giao Viet Nam ve quan he Viet - Trung, dng danh gia eao hdi thao nay vi theo ong, cac hpe gia Viet Nam da p h a t bieu thang t h a n nhieu van de vdi tinh t h a n xay dflng.
Tuy nhien giao sU Cdc Nguyen DUdng cho rang, ngoai ba nguyen tac ldn ma cae hpc gia Bp Ngoai giao Viet Nam dUa ra, theo dng can them mot nguyen tae quan trpng thfl t u ma tdi da lay lam -ten cho bai viet nay: "Ngdi vdo cho cua nhau de ciing tim gidi phdp tdng cUdng hiCu nghi, md rgng hpp tdc, ciing nhau phdt trien".
Tdi tha'y r a n g nguyen tac thfl tU nay rat quan trong vi mpt khi "ngoi vao chd cua nhau de eung tim giai phap tang cUdng hflu nghi, md rpng hdp tac, cung nhau phat trien" hai ben se de dang thau hieu nhau, bdt nghi ngd nhau, de cung nhau tim ra giai phap thda dang cho ca hai ben.
Chang han ve linh vUc kinh te, trong viec tim giai phap eai thien can can thUdng mai Viet - Trung, cac nha khoa hpe Viet Nam ma tdi la mpt trong nhflng ngUdi kien tri giai phap Viet Nam can md eUa, hpi n h a p qudc te sau rong hdn, tim each mdi cac cdng ty xuyen qud'c gia ldn cua My, Nhat, EU vao dau tU edng nghe mdi, tao ra eae san pham ehe bien chat lUdng eao ed k h a n a n g xua't s a n g thi trUdng rdng ldn cua Trung Qudc, chi cd n h u vay mdi t r a n h dfldc tinh t r a n g nhap sieu va xua't nguyen lieu thd, tflng bude eai thien can can thUdng mai vdi Trung Qud'c.
Song cung trong van de nay, mpt so hpc gia T r u n g Qud'c lai dUa ra giai phap khae de can b i n g can can thUdng mai hai nUdc
NGHICN CliU TRUNG QUOC s d 1(101) - 2010
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LE VAN SANG
la "Chfnh p h u hai nUdc nd lUc tim each x u a t k h a u trpn gdi d i u thd cua Viet N a m s a n g T r u n g Qud'c de can b i n g can can thUdng mai"'^*. Tdi cho r i n g , cac hpc gia T r u n g Qud'c da khdng ngdi vao chd cua Viet N a m de' giai quye't van de. Vi theo tdi, mdt lUdng ldn d i u thd cua Viet N a m lau nay da xua't cho N h a t B a n va ddi lai N h a t Ban la nUde cung d p ODA ldn n h a t cho Viet N a m de cai tao ke't d u h a t i n g cua nen kinh te' Viet N a m . Va cung vi khdng ngdi vao chd cua n h a u de tim giai p h a p khae phue m a u t h u a n nhU vf dti tren, nen dan den viee h a i nUdc nghi ngd n h a u , ehang h a n du l u a n T r u n g Qud'c cho r i n g 'Viet Nam t h a n phUdng Tay", t h a m chf cd y kie'n cUc doan hdn la "dUa vao phUdng Tay de ehdng T r u n g Qud'c" v.v... do vay can phai "kiem ehe" Viet N a m .
Tren linh vUc t r a n h chap chu quyen bien dao, van de edn phflc t a p hdn nhieu neu hai ben khdng "ngdi vao chd cua n h a u de tim giai phap...". Sfl phflc tap va nhay cam ldn n h a t la ca hai nUdc deu tuyen bd' chu quyen bien dao d Bien Ddng, va deu giao due y thflc bao ve chu quyen bien dao d Bien Ddng theo q u a n diem cua mdi nUdc.
T r u n g Qude td rd lap trUdng khdng qud'c te hda van de Bien Ddng, khdng eoi van de Bien Ddng la van de gifla T r u n g Qud'c vdi ASEAN ma kien tri lap trUdng van de t r a n h chap ehu quyen bien dao d Bien Ddng la van de song phUdng, gifla T r u n g Qud'c vdi tflng nfldc ASEAN cd lien quan.
NgUdc lai, Viet N a m mong mud'n cdng k h a i hda van de t r a n h chap ehu quyen Bien Ddrg, giai quyet van de chu quyen Bien Ddng theo l u a t bien qud'c te'.
Tdi cho r i n g , neu hai nUdc khdng ngdi vao chd cua n h a u de t h a u hieu nhflng van de cua n h a u thi sU va cham, x u n g dot la khd t r a n h khdi. C h I n g h a n , tdi d a n h gia cao hdi thao khoa hpc qudc te ve Bien
Ddng tai H a Ndi t r o n g h a i n g a y 26 - 27/
11-2009, vi dd la each de n h a n d a n hai nUdc hidu dUdc mpi chieu c a n h ciia van de mpt each k h a c h q u a n , k h d n g ap d a t y chf chu q u a n ldn n h a u , n h d dd giam bdt nhflng bflc xuc d a n tdc ciic doan cua ca hai phfa.
Chi t r d n cd sd nay, h a i nfldc mdi d i dang ngdi d a m p h a n vdi n h a u tim r a diem ddng, xfl ly kheo cac didm b a t ddng, tim kiem giai phap hdp ly dfldc n h a n dan hai nfldc chap thuan, bie'n Bien Ddng t h a n h bidn Hda binh Hdp tac Hflu nghi. Day la cd sd quan trpng de Trung Qud'c thflc hidn t h a n h cdng chie'n Ifldc "Mdt true hai canh" dac bidt trong dd la chien lUdc 'Vinh Bac Bd md rdng", tao the' cho Trung Qud'c chu dao lien ke't kinh te' Ddng A, vUdn ldn t h a n h sieu cUdng thd' gidi.
CHU THICH:
' Carlyle Thayer, "Cdc dien bie'n mdi tren Bien Dong: Nhiing tdc dgng de'n hoa binh, on.
dinh vd hpp tdc trong khu vUc" - U y ban LHQ ve Ranh gidi them luc dia (UNCLCS) dUa ra thdi h a n ngay 15/5/2009 la han chot de cac quo'c gia gdi de nghi ve ranh gidi them luc dia md rong cua minh vUdt ra 200 hai ly quy dinh ve luat ve bien ciia LHQ. Ngay 6/5/2009 Malaysia va Viet Nam da dUa ra mot de nghi chung va cung eung ngay Viet Nam dUa ra mot de nghi rieng re khae - Din tUTLTKDB sd281-TTX', ngay 3/12/2009.
' Tap ehi The gidi dUdng dai (Trung Qudc) so' 4-2009 viet: "Trong linh viic hdp tac thUdng mai gifla Trung Qud'c va Viet Nam cung tdn tai van de mat can ddi, Chfnh phii hai nude can nha't trf no Iflc tao ra dUdc diem tang trUdng mdi trong hdp tac kmh te thUdng mai song phUdng, thue day thanh edng phfa Viet Nam xua't k h i u goi mau dich ldn ve dau thd sang Trung Qud'c, thay ddi can ban tinh hinh xua't sieu mau dich ciia Trung Qud'c doi vdi Viet Nam, thtic hien thUdng mai gifla hai nUdc tang trUdng ben vflng". D i n tfl TLTKDB sd 259-TTX ngay 7- 11-2009.
