N G H I § : N C O U VA T R A O D 6 I
TiNG N H A T - M O T H I ^ T U P N G Mdi TRONG DAY VA HQC NGOAI NGU
CUA HE
T H 6 N G G I A ODyC VIET NAM
Nguyen Lgc*
Ciing vdi nhidu nude tren the gidi, Viet Nam ludn nhan thiie rang su cimg ton tai hda binh phu thupe vao vide hgp tac chat che giiia eae qude gia, sir coi trgng nhau nhu la nhung ddi tae binh dang. Viee giao tidp va trao ddi thdng tin nham tang cudng hieu bidt giura cac nen kinh td, xa hgi va van hda da dang trd thanh nen tang eo ban cho s\r phdt trien nhung chien luge ehung vi Igi ich cua tdt ca. Chi nhung cong dan cd khd nang vd ky nang ngdn ngii phii hgp trong bdi canh giao tiep da van hda mdi cd thd thidt lap dugc nhiing kdnh thong tin cdn thidt eho vide hgp tdc thanh edng.
Dieu nay dan tdi mdi quan tam sau sac chua timg thay ddi vdi eac nha hoach dinh chinh sach gido due trong vide tang cudng day ngoai ngtr va trang bi hieu biet ve cdc ndn van hda tuong img.
Ky hgp thii 7 ciia Qudc hpi khda XI da thong qua Luat giao due (sira ddi), trong do cd quy djnh tai Dieu 7, mue 3 nhu sau:
"Ngogi ngii! duac quy dinh trong chuang trinh gido due Id ngdn ngd dupe su dung phd biin trong giao dieh qudc te". Hon
niia, Vi?t Nam da trd thanh thanh vien chinh thiie thii 150 eiia WTO' vd da thda thuan cam kdt thuc hien GATS^ ddi vdi tat ca 12 nganh djeh vu, trong do cd giao due.
Mae dil hidn nay dang edn nhidu tranh
* PGS.TS.; Vi?n Khoa hpe Giao dye Vi?t Nam.
' Vi6t tat cua World Trade Organization - To ehire thucmg mai the gidi.
^ Vi^t tdt cua General Agreement on Trade in Services - Hi?p djnh chung ve thucmg mai trong dieh vy.
luan ve thdi co va thach thiic cua cae cam kdt nay ddi vdi gido due, song dieu rd rang la vide nang eao trinh dp ngoai ngti cho dpi ngii nhan lue ndi chung ciia dat nude, dae biet la thd he trd eiia Viet Nam da trd nen hdt sire cap thiet.
Kd tir mdc thdi gian nam 1956, suot trong ban nira thd ky qua cac ngoai ngir dugc day va hge chinh thdng trong h?
thdng giao dye qudc dan Vi?t Nam khdng thay ddi bao gom tieng Anh, tieng Phdp va tidng Nga, tieng Trung Qudc.
Gan day, tidng Nhdt bat ddu duge ehii y khi Di dn dgy thi diem tieng Nhdt trong trudng phd thdng Viet Nam duge tridn khai. Dd an nay cd thdi didm bat dau tir nam 2003 va du kidn den nam 2013 sd kdt thiic. Nhu tidn dp da djnh trudc, nam 2007 da ed nhtrng ldp dau tidn d Ha Npi trien khai day tidng Nhat nhu mpt ngoai ngtr ehinh thiie. Tieng Nhat da trd thdnh ngoai ngti thii nam eiing vdi bon ngoai ngii truydn thdng trong nha trudng Viet Nam.
Vide xuat hien ngoai ngtir thir nam sau mpt thdi gian rat dai eiia bdn ngoai ngii truyen thdng neu tren danh ddu mpt hien tupng mdi cd tinh lich sir trong vide day va hpc ngoai ngii vdn kha bao thu d he thong giao due qudc dan Viet Nam.
Bai bao nay cd mue dieh phan tich nhting vdn giiip dd lam sdng td nhting nguyen nhan tai sao tieng Nhat trd thanh hien tugng mdi trong vi?e day va hpe ngoai ngtr d Viet Nam, ddng thoi qua do dd ra mgt sd dinh hudng phdt tridn giang
NghlSn cdu Con ngudi sd3 (42) 2009 56
Tieng Nhit- Mdt hien tuong..
day ngoai ngii nay trong thdi gian tdi.
Vi tri tieng Nhat trong xu the chung ciia cac ngon ngir tren the gioi
Xu the vuon len ciia cdc ngogi ngd
"nhd ": Xu the ehung hien nay la sd lugng eae ngdn ngii eua the gidi dang giam dan.
Theo Ethnologue (Graddol, 2006), hien nay tren the gidi ehi edn gan 7.000 ngdn ngti. Tuy vay nhiing ngdn ngtr nay duge phan bo rat khdng deu gitia eac nhdm dan cu qude te, trong do ehi ed 12 ngdn ngii dugc ndi nhieu nhat, chiem tdi 50% dan cu the gidi. Mat khae, sd lupng ngudi ban ngti eiia cac ngdn ngir thong dung nhat trdn the gidi nhu tidng Trung Qudc, tieng Anh va mpt sd ngdn ngti chau Au ciing dang cd xu hudng gidm dan. Chang ban, neu xet cdch day 50 nam thi tieng Anh luon chiem vi the thii hai rd rang sau tieng Trung Qudc, song nhieu nha ngdn ngii cho rang den gitia the ky XXI thi vj tri thii 2 eiia tidng Anh sd bj thdch thiic bdi mpt so ngon ngir khae nhu tieng Tay-Ban-Nha, Hin-duAJr-du va A-rap.
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1950 1975 2000 2025
Hinh 1: Bien doi ve ty le ddn sd sic dung mpt sd ngdn ngicphd bien (Graddol, 2006)
Chii thich:
Tieng Trung Quoc - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ — Tieng Anh
Tieng Tay Ban Nha
^ ~ • • — • Tieng Hindu/Urdu
^~ • ^ ~ • " Tieng A R^p
Hai tiep can trong ehinh sdeh chpn ngogi ngd: Chpn ngoai ngii nao de day trong he thong giao due qude dan dugc
tranh luan kha sdi ndi va each tiep can ciia timg qudc gia la rat khdc nhau. Tuy nhien, cac nghien ciiu gan day ve chinh sach chgn ngoai ngti de day eua mgt qudc gia cho thay rang nhin chung la cd hai each tiep can (Clayton T., 2000). Cdch thii nhat duge ggi Id tiep edn su dung . Dac diem cua "tiep can sir dung" la khi chpn ngon ngti: de day mpt qude gia eu the can xem xet xem ngdn ngii dd cd tac dung gi doi vdi vide phat trien nen kinh te-xa hpi eiia qudc gia. Khi danh gid tinh "sir dimg" ciia mpt ngdn ngii, eac qudc gia thudng phai tinh ddn miic dp phd bien cua ngdn ngti dd ciing nhu vi the kinh te eua cdc quoc gia md ngdn ngii dd la ban ngii, quy mo hoat dpng kinh doanh, van hda, du lich v.v... Cdch thii hai duge ggi la tiep can quan he''. Ban chat ciia each tiep can nay la vide ehgn ngdn ngii de day trong he thdng giao due eiia mgt qudc gia phu thugc vao mdi quan he vdn cd gitra quoc gia dd vdi qudc gia ma ngdn ngti do Id ban ngtr. Md hinh quen thugc cua "tiep can quan he" la mdi quan he giira quoc gia vdn la thugc dia eii va qude gia von la ban qudc. Do nhieu ly do, cae qudc gia thupe dia cii thudng tiep tue day ngdn ngii von la ban ngti eiia eac qudc gia bdn quoc trude day. Chinh vi vay ma ede hpe gid Phuong Tay ggi chinh sdeh ehgn ngoai ngii nay la "imperialism". Song thuc ra cdn ed nhieu mdi quan he khdc can xet den, chang ban nhu vide chgn tieng Nga lam ngoai ngti duge day trong eac trudng pho thdng eiia cae nude Ddng Au trudc day Id dua tren mdi quan he hgp tac dac
' Thuat ngiJ n^y cd ten ti^ng Anh la pragmatism - thgrc dung, nhSm muc dieh sir dyng.
" Thuat ngCr niy cd ten ti^ng Anh la imperialism - de qudc, banh trudng, g§y inh hudng, ch^ ng\r.
56 NghlSn ciiu Con ngudi sd 3 (42) 2009
Nguyen L<5c
biet gitra eac nudc dd vdi Lien Xd eii. Cd the lay vi du cho hai each tidp can ve ehinh sach ehgn ngdn ngti gidi thieu tren nhu sau. Q chau Au, tidng Anh dugc chpn nhu ngoai ngtr thii nhat d cae nude Dan Mach, Hy Lap, Ha Lan, TTiuy Dien, Liechtenstein, Na Uy, Thd NhT Ky va Latvia, cdn tieng Phap duge chpn nhu ngoai ngii thii nhat d Bi, tieng Diic d Luxembourg, va tidng Dan Mach d Iceland. Doi vdi ngoai ngti: thii hai thi tieng Phap duge chgn d Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, va Thd Nhi Ky, trong khi dd tieng Anh d Iceland (Eurydiee, 2001).
Chinh sach ehgn ngoai ngii eiia eae nudc nay chii yeu theo tiep can sir dung. Vide An-Gid-Ri chgn tidng Phap va BruNei ehgn tieng Anh de day trong he thong nha trudng ciia minh cd the duge coi la vi du vd tidp can quan he. Cd the ndi vide phan djnh gitra bai each tiep can neu tren chi mang tinh tuong ddi vi trong thuc lien, trong tiep can sir dung eiing chira dung ede yeu td quan be vd nguge lai. Tuy nhidn, can nhan thay rang chinh sach chpn ngdn ngtr theo tiep can sir dung dang la xu the dp ddo trdn qudc td. O Viet Nam ed the eoi tieng Nhat duge chgn de dua vao he thdng nha trudng theo tidp can sir dtong bdi nhung ly do duge ban dudi day.
Nhicng nhdn td thuc ddy su phdt trien ciia mpt ngogi ngd: Trude het ngudi ta can nhac den xu the quy md kinh td eiia quoc gia eung nhu ty le ddng gdp cua qude gia dd trong ndn kinh td loan cau. Sd lieu eho thdy, ty le GDP ddng gdp vao ndn kinh le todn edu eiia Nhat Ban hien chiem 5,6% vd dimg thir ba sau cae nudc ndi tidng Anh (28,2%) va cac nude ndi tidng Trung Qudc (22,8%).
Indonesia'^^^'^
Han Quoc ].i% 14.Po ^ ^ ^
1.4% ~ \ .. ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 A Rap A ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ l
2.0% N g T ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H Y 2.1% ( ^ ^ ^ • ^
I j j ^ ^ ^ i ^ ^ ^
Bo Dao Nha ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ /
3.4% ^ \^^W 1 \
Phap ^ ^ 1 1
A no/ Tay Ban Nha.TTT"™
4.9% ' Nhat
" " ' ' " 5,6%
~~^,,^^ Anh N ^ 28.2%
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Tnmg Quoc US',,
Hinh 2: Ti le GDP dong gop vdo nen kinh te todn cdu cua moi ngon ngir.
Ngudn: Davis. 2003.
Vdi xu the ngay cang rd eiia sir phat trien eae ndn kinh td tri thiie, vide ap dung cai ggi la R&D - nghien euu va tridn khai ngay cang ddng vai trd vo ciing quan trgng va cd anh hudng ldn den vide lira chgn ngoai ngtr tuong ung. Theo so lieu dieu tra eac tap doan xuyen quoc gia gan day eiia to chiie quoc te UNCTAD vd eae dja didm tridn khai R&D trong tuong lai, neu nhu ta khdng ngac nhien vi sir dan dau eiia Trung Qude va My, thi vide An Dp va Nhat-Ban dugc Ipt vao 5 nude thupe tdp dau la kha thii vj. Rieng Nhat Ban ed tdi 14,7% sd cac tap doan xuydn qude gia duge khao sat chpn Nhat la quoc gia hp mudn den.
T ) » > U n D C \ D Tn*u Tito S U l i y i u
B I
Y>tiVo*s
^aitKion C « » l .
Dir.:
Lrfn t a a j '•S"
• u
• 2.9 mv*
• 1*
• M
• • 4 . 4 mm**
• § 4 . 4
^ • • ' - u
• IS-
10
,,...
:o , n « >. ~ Hinh 3: Cdc dia diem hdp ddn nhdt de then
khai R&D trong tuong lai 2005- 09.
Ngudn: Dieu tra eua UNCTAD ve cac tap doan xuyen qude gia.
NghlSn cdu Con ngudi sd3 (42) 2009 57
Tieng Nhit - Mgt hign tuong..
The gidi hien dai ngay nay da trd nen vd nghia ndu khdng cd intemet rihu mpt phuong tien thong tin. Cimg vdi vai trd ngay cdng ldn eiia intemet, ngdn ngii sir dung cua nd da trd thanh mpt dau hieu ro rang hon ea de danh gia vj tri va vai trd cua ngon ngii do trong nhieu ITnh vue. Sd lieu nam 2005 eiia Cong ty Quoc te Miniwatts eho thay mac dau tieng Anh va tidng Trung Qude van la nhting ngon ngii thong dung nhat eua intemet song ty trpng eiia ehiing da giam kha nhanh trong nhting nam qua. Didu dang luu y la vdi ty le 8%) tidng Nhat da chiem vj tri thir ba vd miie dp phd bidn ddi vdi intemet, sau tidng Anh va tidng Tmng Qude.
Khdc 20°.i ^ Ha Lan /
2% / Bo Dao Nha L
3% \ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
3% -^^^^5&
Han Quoc ^^^^,^^f 1 3 % P h a p X ^ ^ ^ /
Due •'-° ^ ^ /
6% " ^ ^ - - i - _
Tay Ban Nha 6% •4hat
8%
\ Anh
\ ''2%
Tmng Quoc I3"«
2005 Hinh 4: Ty le cdc ngon ngu dimg tren
internet ndm 2005.
Ngudn: Dtr lieu nam 2005 eiia Cong ty Quoc te Miniwatts.
So lugng sinh vien qude te ddn hgc tai timg qudc gia ciing la mgt chi sd quan trgng lien quan ddn tinh phd bidn eua ngon ngtr qudc gia dd. Mac dii khong cd ngudn day dii ve sd lieu di chuydn ciia sinh vien qude te song ude ehimg ed tir 2 den 3 tridu sinh vien di chuydn tir nudc nay ddn nudc kia dd hgc tap (Graddol, 2006). Chi rieng hai nudc My va Anh da chiem hon mgt phan ba sd lugng sinh vien quoc te. Vdi sd lugng sinh vien qudc td la
gan 100 nghin, Nhat Ban Igt vao tdp 10 nudc ed sd lugng sinh vien qudc te dong nhat, ban ca nhung nudc nhu Nga, Ca-na- da, Tay-Ban Nha.
Hinh 5: Nhihig qudc gia cd sd sinh vien quoc ti dong nhdt.
Nsudn: Graddol 2006.
Ty le ede ngdn ngii diing cho gido due qudc te eiing la khia canh quan trgng dang dugc xem xet. Tieng Anh chiem ty Id dp ddo tdi 53%, sau dd la tieng Phdp - 11%.
Tieng Nhat Ban chiem ty le 3%.
Nga 3%
Nhat 3% ~~~^ i
Trung } Q u o c ^ r
5% \
Buc^X
9%
Khae 1 6 % ^ ^ ^
Phap ^ ' — 1 1 %
Anh / 53».i
Hinh 6: Cdc ngdn ngic duac diing cho gido due qudc te.
So lugng ngudi sir dung ngdn ngti la mgt chi sd quan trgng, song sd ngucri sir dung mgt ngoai ngti nhu la ngdn ngtr thir hai nhieu khi cho thay rd hon nhu cau hpc ve ngdn ngir dd. Tidng Nhat Ipt vao nhdm 10 ngdn ngtr cd so lugng ngudi sir dung nhu ngdn n.nSM^ \\\'^i''^SiO nhdt.
58 .HghiSn cdu Con ngudi sd 3 (42) 2009
Nguyen Lgc
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
•10
Trung Qudc Anh Hindi Tay Ban Nha Nga
Bengali Bd D a o Nha Diic
j Phdp Nhat
. 1 , . 1 1
1.052 508 487 417 277 211 191 128 128 126
— •„. . . . J
Hinh 7: Du dodn xep hang cua cdc ngon ngii duac sic dung nhu ngon nga thu hai.
Ngudn: Ostler, 2005.
Trong hai muoi tmdng dai hpc hang dau thd gidi, vdn ehu yeu bj ap dao bdi eac tmdng dai hpc eiia My va Anh qude, Nhat Ban cd mpt dai didn la Dai hpc Tokyo.
Bang xep hang cac trircrag dai h^c cau 2005
SJT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 g 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Harvard Cambridge Stanford UC Berkeley MIT Callnstlech Columbia Princeton Chicago Oxford Yale Cornell UC San Diego UC Los Angeles Pennsylvania Wisconsin- Madison Washington, Seanle
UC San Francisco John Hopkins Tokyo University
My Anh My My My
My
My W) My Anh My Mf My
m
MyMJ>
My My Mv Nhlit
T H E S / O S Harvard MIT Cambridge Oxford Stanford UC Berkeley Yale CallnstTech Princeton
Ecole Polytechnique Duke
LSE
Imperial College Cornell Bac Kinh Tokyo University UC San Francisco Chicago Melbourne Columbia •
todn
My My Anh Anh My My MY
My Mv Phdp Mv Anh Anh My Tmng Quoc Nh?t Ban
My My Mv
M9t so dinh hirdng phat trien cua giang day tieng Nhat b Viet Nam
Khung tham chieu chung cua cdng ddng chdu Au - CEFR: Trong nhidu nam nay, vide danh gia trinh dp nang lire sir dung ngdn ngii dugc eac nudc tidn hanh rdt khae nhau, trong do cd cac ngon ngii eiia chau Au. Tham chi doi vdi mpt ngon ngti eting cd vd sd each danh gid. Chang ban, chi ridng ddi vdi tidng Anh ngudi ta thdy cd dd'n hang ehuc khung danh gia khae nhau nhu TOEFL, lELTS, Cambridge Main Suite Examinations, BEC^.. Do vay, de thong nhdt vide danh gia trinh dp nang lire sir dung ngdn ngtr, nam 2001, Cpng ddng chau Au da khuydn cao cac nudc thanh vidn ciia Cpng dong sir dung edi gpi Id Khung tham chidu ehung chau Au - Common European Framework of Reference, dugc vidt tat la CEFR. Khung tham chidu ehung nay ed thd dimg ldm co sd dd do dac nang lire ngdn ngtr, xay dimg chuang trinh ngon ngti, so sanh cac ngdn ngtr khae nhau, thiet kd danh gia, tao cau tnic cho tidn bg ngdn ngti lien tue. Khung tham chieu hien dugc ap dung doi vdi ban 30 ngdn ngtr ttdn thd gidi nhu: Catalan, Dansk, Deutsch, English, Espaiiol, Euscara, Fran9ais, EUriviKd, Italiano, Ldtzebuergesch, Nederiands, Norsk, Portuguese, Suomi,
Svenska. CEFR gdm 6 bac trinh dp dugc nhdm thanh 3 mire A, B, C nhu sau:
Hinh 8: Danh sdch 20 trudng dgi hpc hdng ddu the gidi.
Ngudn: KhSo sdt ciia D^i hpc Jiao Tong (SJT) Thugng Hii vii ciia Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) cho Thdi bdo Gido dye D^i hgc cua Anh (THES).
* TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language - TrSc nghiem Anh ngir nhu mot ngoai ngtr, lELTS:
International English Language Testing System - H? thong trie nghi?m Anh ngil quoc te, Cambridge Main Suite Examinations: Khao thi Anh ngCJ ciia Dai hpc Cambridge, BEC: Business English Certificates Examinations - Khao thi Chimg chi Anh ngQ thuoTig m§ti.
NghlSn cdu Con ngudi sd 3 (42) 2009
Tieng Nhit-Mgt hign tupng..
thaiihth^o
B - Ngucri siir dung dpc lap
; A - Ngucri su d\ing sa
•^••"••--••••nmriniiiiiiir-
Emm^mm
B2 Vugt ngu&ng B1 Dat ngu5ng A2 Cdnngiiclhig)"
,l.Al.^ldng
:v;.j.f?B
Hinh 9: Cdc bdc trinh dp ngdn ngir cua Khung tham chieu chung chduAu
Dgy hpe tieng Nhdt den trinh dp dgt ngudng: Mue trinh do ngdn ngti can hgc trong he thdng gido due qude dan cua mgt qudc gia la khdc nhau. Song nhin chung trong nhidu nam trude day, miic trinh do ngon ngti eiia hge sinh tdt nghidp phd thong trung hge thudng la d cap do B l - Threshold (Dat nguong). Md ta chung vd trinh do nang lire d cap do nay theo CEFR la nhu sau: Ngudi ndi dgt trinh dp ndy cd the giao tiep trong nhieu tinh hudng thudng gap hdng ngdy vdi cdc cdu true ngdn ngic ed the dodn trudc duac. Vdi logi tdi lieu md ngudi ndi a trinh dp Vd long chi ndm duac y ca bdn nhdt thi ngudi ndi d trinh dp ndy da cd the nhdn biet dupe nhieu thdng tin hem. Ngodi nhiing sd lieu vd su kien cdn bdn, hp da nhdn ra dupe ed quan diem, thdi dp, tinh edm vd mong mudn dupe gui gdm eua tdc gid kem theo do. Trong nhung nam gan day nhidu qude gia cd xu the nang miie trinh do ngdn ngii eiia hgc sinh tot nghiep phd thong trung hgc len mgt miic do cao hon, do la cap do B2 Vantage - Vugt nguong.
Md ta chung ve trinh do nang luc d cap do ndy theo CEFR la nhu sau: Ngudi dgt tdi trinh dp ndy da vieng vdng vd tu tin khi sic dung cdc cdu true chinh cua ngdn ngic, ed mpt vdn tic vung khd rpng vd sic dung duac ede chien luae giao tiip phii hap trong nhicng tinh hudng giao tiip xd hpi khdc nhau. Ddi vdi mdt doan vdn ndi hodc
vdn viet, hp da cd the ndm duac nhiing thdng tin khdng chi la sd lieu vd su kien dem thudn, md cdn phdn biet duac giica y chinh vd y phu, giica chii de ehung cua ' mpt dogn vdi ede y dien gidi ehi tiet. Trinh dp ndy eho phep ngudi diing su dung ngdn ngic mpt cdch doe lap de gidi quyet nhieu tinh hudng, ke ed cdc tinh hudng ndy sinh bdt ngd. Hp da bdt ddu nhdn thice vd the hien duac cdc phong cdch, cdc quy tdc chudn muc cua ldi ndi lich su, ciing nhu the hien duac nhieu mice dp trang trpng khdc nhau cho phii hap trong khi ndi
Tinh todn cu the thdi lupng: Theo tinh todn eua eac nha nghien ciiu chau Au, thdi lugng can thiet de hoan thanh mgt bac trinh do la 230 tiet, tuy nhien theo tinh toan trong mgt sd cdng trinh nghien ciiu d Viet Nam, thdi lugng dugc khuyen cao la 300 tidt (Nguyen Hda, 2007). Hien nay tieng Nhat dugc day d Viet Nam theo chuong trinh thi diem tir THCS eho den bet THPT vdi tdng thdi lugng Id 490 tiet vd theo chuong trinh ehinh thiic la 700 tidt. Theo tinh toan cua Bg Giao due va dao tao (2007), de hgc sinh hgc tieng Nhat dat den trinh do "Dat ngudng" can phdi mgt lugng thdi lugng la 1.155 tiet, vdi phan bd theo eae cap vd ldp hgc nhu sau:
• Tieu hge (ldp 3, 4, 5): 4 tiet/tuan.
Tdng sd tiet cua 3 nam hgc la 420 tiet.
• THCS (ldp 6,7,8,9): 3 tidt/hidn. Tdng so tidt eua todn cdp THCS la 420 tiet.
• THPT (ldp 10, 11, 12): 3 tiet/tudn.
Tdng sd tiet cua toan cdp THPT la 315 tiet.
Ket luan
Vide xuat hien ngoai ngii thii n5m sau mgt thdi gian rat ddi cua bdn ngoai ngtir truyen thdng ndu trdn danh dau mgt hidn tugng mdi ed tinh lieh sir trong vi?c d^y va hgc ngoai ngti von kha bao thu d h?
NghlSn ciiu Con ngudi sd3 (42) 2009
Nguyen Lgc
thong giao due qude dan Viet Nam - Hidn tugng tidng Nhat. Vide phan tich ky bdi canh eiia su xuat hien ngoai ngir mdi nay cho thay nhu eau giang day tieng Nhat d Vift Nam xuat phat tir each "tiep can sir dung", mgt each tiep can phii hgp vdi xu the chung trdn the gidi. Cach tidp can nay dua tren mgt loat eac nhan td nhu tidm lire kinh td, mirc do thu hut dau tu, ty Id tieng Nhdt sir dung trong intemet, ty Id tidng Nhat diing eho sinh vidn qude te, miic do thu hilt sinh vien qudc td v.v... Ngodi ra, de chuan bj eho sir hda nhap ed hieu qua eiia tidng Nhat vao he thdng day va hpc ngoai ngii d Viet Nam, can cd sir xem xet vide didu ehinh cac npi dung da thi didm theo hudng tang thdi lugng day hgc va md rgng tdi cdp hgc tieu hge nham ddm bdo duge trinh do dat ngudng eho hge sinh theo hgc tieng Nhat.
Tai li^u tham khao
Bp giao due va dao tao (2007), De dn dgy vd hpc ngogi ngic trong he thdng gido due quoc ddn giai dogn 2008-2020 (Dir thao).
Clayton T. (2000), Education and the Politics of Language, Comparartive Education Research Centre, the University
of Hong Kong.
Davis M. (2004), GDP by Language, Unicode Technical Note # 13, http://\vww.unicode.org/notes/tnl 3/tn 13-1 .html.
Eurydiee (2001), Foreign Language Teaching in Schools in Europe, ©Eurydiee, European Commission, Bmssels.
Graddol D. (2006), English Next, British Council, London.
Olster N. (2005), Empires of the World:
a language history of the world, HarperCollins, London.
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