UNIT 7: ECONOMIC REFORMS
A. READING unit 7 trang 51
Part 1. Read the passage and circle the best answer A, B, C, or D.
[ Đọc bài đọc và khoanh tròn A, B, C hoặc D]
Many countries face somewhat more serious economic problem in the form of an unfavourable trade balance with other nations. Such an imbalance exists when the total value of a country’s imports exceeds that of its exports. For example, if a country buys $25 billion in products from other countries, yet sells only $10 in its own products overseas, its trade deficit is $15 billion. Many underdeveloped nations find themselves in this position because they lack natural resources or the industrial capacity to use these resources, and thus have to import materials or manufactured goods.
Other effect of trade deficit is the flow of currency out of a country. In the case of an underdeveloped nation, this can cause many financial difficulties, including failure to meet debt payments and obstacles to creation of industrial base. Even in the case of a fully developed nation such as the United States, a large trade deficit is reason for alarm. American products, made by well-paid workers in U.S. industries, cost more to produce than those made in places like Asia, where labour and material costs are much lower. Money spent on foreign products is money not spent on items produced by domestic industries.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. several worldwide economic problems
B. the causes and consequences of trade deficits C. a lack of resources in underdeveloped countries D. the value of exports versus imports
2. According to thé passage, when does a trade imbalance occur?
A. when a country has a serious economic problem
B. when a country sells more products overseas than its imports
C. when the value of the products a country imports is greater than the value of the products it exports
D. when a country cannot develop its natural resources
3. The passage states that many underdeveloped nations have trade deficits because .
A. they find themselves in this position
B. they export most of their natural resources to their nations
C. they have to import most of their natural resources or manufactured products D. they have failed to meet debt payment
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of a trade imbalance?
A. low labour and material costs in Asian countries B. a lack of natural resources
C. an underdeveloped industrial base D. the high cost of exported items
5. It can be inferred from the passage that American industries . A. do not pay their workers sufficient wages
B. are hurt by a trade imbalance
C. import labours and material from overseas
D. provide a strong industrial base that prevents a trade deficit Answer
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A Dịch bài đọc:
Nhiều đất nước đối mặt với vấn đề kinh tế khá nghiêm trọng dưới hình thức cân bằng thương mại không thuận lợi với những nước khác. Tình trạng mất cân bằng tồn tại khi tổng giá trị nhập khẩu của một nước vượt quá tổng giá trị xuất khẩu. Ví dụ, nếu một đất nước mua 25 tỉ đô la sản phẩm từ những nước khác, nhưng bán chỉ 10 đô la giá trị sản phẩm ở nước ngoài, thâm hụt thương mại là 15 tỉ đô la. Nhiều nước kém phát triển tự cảm thấy đang ở vị trí này bởi vì thiếu nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên hoặc khả năng công nghiệp để sử dụng những nguồn tài nguyên này, và vì vậy phải nhập khẩu tài nguyên hoặc hàng hóa sản xuất.
Những ảnh hưởng khác của thâm hụt thương mại là dòng chảy tiền tệ. Trong trường hợp của một nước kém phát triển, điều này có thể gây ra nhiều khó khăn về tài chính, bao gồm không thể đáp ứng được trả nợ và những rào cản để tạo ra nền tảng thương mại. Thậm chí trong trường hợp của nước phát triển mạnh như Mỹ, thậm hụt thương mại lớn là lý do đáng cảnh báo. Những sản phẩm của Mỹ, được tạo ra bởi những công nhân được trả lương cao ở Mỹ, công nghiệp tốn nhiều chi phí để sản xuất nhiều hơn ở những nơi khác như châu Á, nơi mà chi phí cho lực lượng lao động và vật liệu thấp hơn nhiều. Tiền được tiêu cho những sản phẩm nước ngoài là tiền không được tiêu cho những mặt hàng được sản xuất bởi các ngành công nghiệp nội địa.
Part 2.Read the passage and fill each blank with a suitable word.
[ Đọc bài và điền vào mỗi chỗ trống với một từ thích hợp]
A very long time ago, there (1) in a far comer of China, a good and simple man named Fu-hsing, (2) had an unusually clever wife. All the day long he would run to (3) with questions about thus-and-such, or about such- and-thus, as the case might fall out; and no matter (4) difficult the problem he took to her, she always thought (5) a solution. Thanks to her wondrous acumen, (6) house of Fu-hsing prospered mightily.
Fu-hsing was remarkably (7) of his wife and often spoke of her (8) his
“Incomparable Wisdom”, his “Matchless Wit”, or his “Dearest Capability”, He only wished that all who passed his (9) could know it was her cleverness that brought him such prosperity. For months he puzzled his head over a suitable way of declaring his gratitude, and at last conceived of a couplet that delicately (10) his feeling.
Answer
1. lived 2. who 3. her 4. how 5. of/about
6. the 7. proud 8. as 9. house 10. conveyed
B. LANGUAGE FOCUS unit 7 trang 53
B. LANGUAGE FOCUS
Exercise 1. Practise reading the following sentences, paying attention to the strong and weak forms of the auxiliaries.
[ Thực hành đọc các câu sau, chú ý đến dạng mạnh và yếu của trợ động từ ] - I can think of six thick things, and six thin things, can you?
- Can you swim? - No, I can’t.
- Can you play football? - Yes, I can.
- Do you want this book? - Yes, I do.
- I know you’re a teacher. - Do you? How do you know I am?
- He's an excellent engineer, isn’t he?
- Have you got this book, Hien? — No, I haven’t. I’ve got another one.
Exercise 2.Complete the sentences with although / in spite of / because / because of.
[ Hoàn thành các câu với although/ in spite of/ because/ because of]
1. He went home early he was feeling sick.
2. He went to work the next day he was still feeling not well.
3. She only accepted the job the high salary . 4. She accepted the job the low salary .
5. The old man managed to get to sleep there was a lot of noise.
6. The old man couldn’t get to sleep the noise.
Answer
1. because 2. although 3. because of 4. in spite of 5. although 6. because of Exercise 3.Underline the correct phrase.
[ Gạch dưới cụm từ đúng]
1. His shirt is still dirty even though / even if he has washed it three times.
2. They drink water from the rice paddy field even though / even if they know it is polluted.
3. We will go ahead with our project even though / even if our partners pull out.
4. My friend enjoys going to disco even though / even if he doesn’t like dancing.
5. Even though / Even if the building was in perfect condition, it would still be impossible to use it.
Answer
1. even though 2. even though 3. even if 4. even though 5. Even if
C. SPEAKING unit 7 trang 54
Exercise 1. The table below shows the economic development of the people of Tango after their economic reform. Look at the table and practise speaking about it, using the information from the table.
[ Bảng bên dưới thể hiện sự phát triển kinh tế của con người của Tango sau khi cải cách kinh tế. Nhìn vào bảng và thực hành nói về nó, sử dụng thông tin từ bảng]
Before the reform After the reform
Agriculture -5% Agriculture + 10%
Fishery -3% Fishery + 5%
Heavy industry +1.5% Heavy industry + 9%
Number of hospitals 50 Number of hospitals 100
Number of doctors 300 Number of doctors 500
Number of schools 100 Number of schools 120
Number of teachers 4000 Number of teachers 600
Answer
The economy has changed much better after the reform. Befor the reform the agriculture rate was - 5% and the fishery rate was – 3%, after the reform the agriculture and fishery rate is + 10% and + 5% respectively. The heavy industry before the reform was + 15% and after the reform the heavy industry decreased to + 9%. After the reform, the number of hospitals, doctors and schools has increased respectively from 50 to 100, 300 to 500 and 100 to 120. However, the number of teacher has fallen down sharply from 4000 to 600.
Exercise 2. Read the following passage then practise speaking it aloud to yourself.
[Đọc bài sau đây sau đó thực hành tự đọc to lên]
The planet Earth is 4,600 million years old. It is difficult for us to think about such an enormous length of time because it has little meaning for us. We can, however, simplify the idea to make it more understandable. We can compare the planet Earth to a person of forty-six years of age.
Nothing is known about the first seven years of this person’s life. Very little information exists about the middle period either. It was only at the age of forty- two that the Earth began to flower.
Dinosaurs and reptiles did not appear until one year ago, when the planet was forty- five. Mammals only arrived eight months ago. In the middle of last week, men-like apes became ape-like men and began to communicate with each other. Last weekend, the Ice Age covered the Earth.
Modern man has only been around for four hours. During the last hour man discovered agriculture. The Industrial Revolution and the rise of large cities began just six seconds ago.
During that short time, modern man has made a rubbish tip of the Earth. In one minute, he has increased his numbers to terrible proportions, and has caused the death of hundreds of species of animals. He has robbed and destroyed the planet in his search for fuels.
Exercise 3. Talk about the development of your school. Ask one of the senior teachers in your school to get information about:
(i) the number of classrooms in certain periods of time (ii) the number of teachers in certain periods of time (iii) the number of students in certain periods of time (iv) the number of computers in certain periods of time (v) teaching and learning facilities in certain periods of time Dịch bài
Nói về sự phát triển của trường bạn. Hỏi một trong những giáo viên của bạn để nhận thông tin về:
- số phòng học ở những giai đoạn nhất định - số giáo viên ở những giai đoạn nhất định - số máy tính ở những giai đoạn nhất định
- cơ sở vật chất học và dạy ở những giai đoạn nhất định
D. WRITING unit 7 trang 55
Exercise 1. Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use the word(s) in parentheses (...) in your sentence.
[ Viết một câu mới với cùng nghĩa. Sử dụng những từ trong ngoặc trong câu]
1. He couldn’t sleep although he was very tired. (IN SPITE OF)
2. Although he’s got a Vietnamese name, he’s in fact a Cambodian. (DESPITE) 3. In spite of her injured feet, she managed to get home before dark.
(ALTHOUGH)
4. He decided to get the job although the salary was low. (IN SPITE OF) 5. In spite of not having eaten for three days, he didn’t feel hungry. (EVEN THOUGH)
6. They lost the match, although they were a better team. (DESPITE) Hướng dẫn giải:
1. In spite of being tired / his tiredness, he couldn’t sleep.
2. Despite the fact that he’s got a Vietnamese name, he’s in fact a Cambodian.
3. Although her feet were injured, she managed to get home before dark.
4. In spite of the low salary, he decided to get the job.
5. Even though he hadn t eaten for three days, he didn’t feel hungry.
6. Despite the fact that they were a better team, they lost the match.
Exercise 2. Below is a table showing the number of students Image School admitted during the years of 2004 - 2008. Study the table carefully and describe the information given in it. (120-150 words).
[ Bên dưới là bảng thể hiên số lượng học sinh của Image School nhận được trong các năm 2004 - 2008. Nghiên cứu bảng cẩn thận và mô tả thông tin được cho trong bảng. ( 120 - 150 từ)
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Male 150 150 170 175 200
Female 150 180 180 175 180
Total 300 330 350 350 380
You may begin your description as follows:
The table describes information about the number of students Image School admitted during the period of2004 - 2008. As can be seen...
Answer
The table describes information about the number of students Image School admitted during the period of 2004 – 2008. As can be seen that in general, the total number of students increased gradually from 300 to 380. The number of boys increased more than the number of girls. In 2004, the number of male students was 150 and it kept stable to 2005 but in 2008 it increased to 200. The number of female students was 150 in 2004, it went up clearly to 180 in 2005 and kept stable in 2006, but in 2007 it fell to 175, finally in 2008 the number increased to 180.
