PHAM TRU CHI TRONG QUAN NIEM THAM MI CUA N G U Y I N CONG TRU"
NGUYfiN NHU TRANG <*'
Tom tat: Pham tri cbi dUge nhic de'n nhiiu lan trong cac sing tie cua nhi thd Nguydn Cdng Trd vi trd thanh quan niim tham mi chu dao trong tU tudng eua dng. "chf trude hit li sU bieu hien chi hudng cua mgt ding nam nhi lu6n khao khit lip nen cdng danb sU nghiip; "chf eon chda ddng nhSng gii tri vi tu tudng vi triit li eua ke si vi cupc ddi. Bai vii't trinh bay cac khia canh bieu biin cua pham tri "ehf trong quan niim tham mi eua Nguyen Cdng Trd.
Tdkboa: Pbam tri "chf'; quan niim tham my; Nguyen Cong Trd.
Abstract: Nguyen Cong Tru repeatedly mentioned will in his poetic works, making it a core concept in his aesthetic perception. WUl was understood not only as men's desire for achievement but also the philosophy of life of educated men. This article presented the concept of will in Nguyen Cong Tru's aesthetic perception.
Keywords: Will; aesthetic perception; Nguyen Cong Tru.
Ngaynhan bai: 12/9/2019; Ngiy sda bii: 20/9/2019; Ngiy duyet dang bar 27/12/2019.
Dat van d l
Trong eae sang tac vdn chfldng trung dai Vidt Nam, Mem ed nha nho, nba thd nao lai nhde nMeu den pham trfl "cM" nhu Nguydn Gdng Trfl. Menh de "cM nam nM",
"cM tang bdng hd thi", "cM trfldng phu",
"chi anh hung" dflde lap di lap lai nhieu ldn va trd thanh nhflng ki hidu thdm mi, nd bilu hien ehi hfldng vd kha nang trac tuyet tdn tai trong mdi eon ngfldi. Day la mdt mdnh dd xuydn sudt va ehfla dflng nhflng gia tri ve tfl tfldng, trie't ly, quan niem cua ke si ve cdng danh, sfl nghiep va ve cupc ddi. Nha nghien cflu Bien Minh Dien cho rang: "Menh d l "Nam nhi chf di nhien khdng phai chd ddn Nguydn Gdng Trfl mdi xua't hien, nhflng trong thd van dng nd thflc sU trd ndn nhfl mdt tuyen ngdn, mdt quan nidm nhat quan, bin vflng, mdt tfl tfldng sang tao hdp ddn
vdi nhidu ndi dung mdi rae, ddc dao, a'n tfldng, khdng khudn sao. Cd the thdy trong toan bd sang tae eua Nguydn Cdng Trfl, "chf hidn len nhfl radt pham trfl thdra mi trung tam. Nd la tieu chf khang djnh sfl tdn tai cd y ngMa cua eudc sd'ng nhan sinh. Mian sinh quy thich cM. Hdu chi sU canh thinh. Chi lim nen ding anh hung dau di'y td„."*^'.
1. "Chi" - sfl bieu hien chi hfldng cua dang nam nhi luon khao khat l^p cong danh sfl nghiep
Viet ve menh de "cM', Nguydn Cdng Trfl cd mdt vai bai thd chfl Ndm, hai ddi
'*> Vign Tli di^n hoc va Bach khoa thi( Viet Nam.
'" Bign Minh Dien: Su thing nhat nhdng ddi cUc trong phong each nghe tbuAt Nguydn Cdng Trd. In trong Doan Tii Huyen (Chu bien, 2008), NguySn Cdng Trd trong ddng lich sd, Nxb. Nghe An - Trung tam Van boa Ngon ngQ Dong-Tay, tr. 1055.
SO 2-2020 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI
cau dd'i, cdn ehu dao la nhiing bai bat ndi.
Sd di menh de "chi" xud't hidn phd bien d the loai hat ndi, bdi dd la "mdi trfldng" phu hdp the hien dfldc pham chat thi ca, tai nang va ca tfnh cd phdn khae ngfldi cua dng. The loai bat ndi da md ra mdt khdng gian tu do, khoang dat, khdng ed gidi ban, b dd nha thd thoa cM vdy vflng trong trdi dat, bd'n biin, thoa khat vgng lap cdng danh sfl nghidp eua minh. Khdng ngac nMen khi trong cae bai hat ndi cua dng, pham tru "chf dfldc the hien mdt each ed dpng va giau cam xuc nha't. Vdi hdn 60 bai hat ndi, cd den gdn mgt phdn ba trong tdng so' dd nha thd nhac dd'n "cM nam nhi", ve "cai nd cdng danh", "nd tang bdng". Ong dd lay di lay lai nhfl rapt diep khfle vd chuyen tang bong hd thi, ehuyen anh hflng vdy vflng trong trdi ddt: CUng co Mc mUa tudn song vdJQuyet ra tay huom lai tran cuong phong.lChi nhdng toan xe nui lap sdng,ILam nen dang anh hung dau day to (Chi khf anh hflng)*^\
O Nguyen Gdng Trfl, pham tru "chf dfldc dat trong tfldng quan vdi thfle thd vu tru nhfl trdi da't, giang sdn, nfli sdng... Chf eua da'ng nara nhi dfldc dng thd hien mdt each manh me va bao hiing vdi hinh anh pbi thfldng: "xe nui Idp sdng"; hay "chf cdn ddng tdn vdi cac Men tfldng trong tfl nhidn nhfl "may tudn", "sdng vd", "cudng phong", do la nhiing bien tfldng tfl nhien day thd thdch dd'i vdi ban linh va kha nang cua con ngfldi. Nha nghien eflu N.I.
Niculin da nhan djnh: "Trong nMlu bai thd viet theo the loai ea trfl ma cMnh dng da cd cdng dfla vao vdn hge Viet Nam, nha thd da tao nen binh tfldng ggi nhd de'n Meu ngfldi trang si anh hflng ca. Dd la
dang qudn tfl tie't thao tim Me'm vinh quang eho ban thdn va khao khat lap nen nhflng chidn cdng. Trong Man thuyet cua Nguyin Cdng Trfl, dng the Men cM anh hiing tfl do dicb thflc"'^\ Trong quan niem Nho giao, nhflng ke si dfldc hge hanh, tu dfldng, ren luyen bao gid ciing xae lap eho minh mdt vj the' ridng ma b do, cM hfldng, khat vpng lap than, lam vide ldn dfldc bat ngudn ngay tfl giao ly cua nho gia. Gai cW eua ke si vfla Id ly tfldng, lai vfla la y cbi va kha nang de thue hidn ly tfldng, dieu dd ly giai vi sao menh de cM trong sdng tac cua Nguyen Cdng Trfl the hien kha ro khat vpng ldn lao eua ke si mud'n xoay chuyen dd't trdi, mud'n lap nen ngMdp ldn va mud'n khang dinh tai nang vd'n ed cua ban than trflde coi trdi da't va trong eoi ngfldi ta. Ong mud'n xac lap mpt thfl cdng danh gdn lien vdi non sdng, dat nflde. Ong thfldng dat minh trong tfldng quan vdi vu tru, tfl nhien; sanh vdi eac anh hung hao Mdt, eac danh nhan trong lieh sxi; tao eho minh mdt tfl tbd' hien ngang, manh me d§
hanh ddng va ed'ng hid'n.
Vdi nha Nho Nguyin Cdng Trfl, mau ngfldi ma dng d l cao khdng phai la mdu ngfldi thfch an nhan, an dat raa phai la ngfldi biet banh dpng, biet xdng pha, tung hoanh ngang dgc d l tra dflde mdn nd cua da'ng nam nM vdi eudc ddi - "mdn nd giang
'"' Doan T i Huyg'n (Chu bign, 2008), Nguyin Cdng Trtf trong ddng lich sd, Nxb. Ngh§ An - Trung tSm Van ho^ Ngon nga Dong - TSy, tr. 129 (Cac tricb dSn thd van Nguyin Cong Trfl trong bai deu theo sach nay).
'^* N.I. Niculin: NguySn Cong Trd - Lam nen ding anh hung dau diy td, in trong Doan Til Huyen (Chu bign, 2008), Nguyin Cdng Trd trong ddng lich sH, Nxb.
Nghg An - Trung t a m Van hoa Ng6n ngO Dong-TSy, tr. 626-627.
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdl Sfi 2-2020
NGUYEN NHU TRANG san": Vong trdi dit dgc ngang ngang dgc,/
Ng tang bong vay gia gia vay./Chi lam trai Nam Bac Ddng Tay,/Cho phi sdc viy vung trong bd'n be. (CM khf anh hiing).
Trong xu hfldng thdm mi hfldng tam, nhap thd va banh dao, Nguyin Cdng Trfl coi vide the hien cM nam nhi cua minh nhfl mpt dang tuyen ngdn ve euge sd'ng.
Ngay trong each ggi ten cua ke si, dng thfldng dung tfl ngfl nhfl "nam nM" hay
•'nam tfl". Dieu nay xuat phat tfl y thfle de eao vd dat niem tin ldn vdo eMnh ban than va nhiing ke si dfldng thdi. Bai bat ndi "Chi nam nhi" da the hien radt each ddy du nhflng khat vgng ma ban than Nguyin Gdng Trfl raud'n ndi ve ly tfldng cua ke si: Thdng minh nhat nam td,/ Yeu vi thidn ha ky./Trdt sinh ra thdi phai co cM chi,/Chang le tieu Mng ba van sau.
(Chf nam nhi).
Da sinh ra la mgt ngfldi thdng minh tbi ban than at phai trd nen mpt bac ky tai trong thidn ha; nha thd y thflc ro rdng, nhflng ngUdi thdng minh, tai nang khi da trot sinh ra trong trdi dd't vk ton tai trong coi nhan gian, dUde hudng mot Md'p nhan sinh vdi khoang thdi gian "ba van sau ngdn ngay" (rapt tram nam) "thdi phai ed cai cM ehi". Sud't mdt cupc ddi tdn tai phai de lai eho giang sdn xa tdc tieng thdra luu truyen, ma dieu ta thfldng gap b dng dd la khat vgng lap cdng danh, va sfl thflc, sfl ngMep lay liing dng ed dfldc da lflu danh thien cd. Mae du eon dfldng dd lap cdng danh a'y day rdy nhflng chdng gai, khdng phai luc nao eung bang phang bdi sfl do ki cua con ngfldi va tao vat; tuy nMen, b Nguyen Cdng Trfl ludn la nidm khat khao manh lidt dd'i vdi cdng danh, ong kbdng
dinb quye't tam cao dp: Do'ky si chi con tao,/ Nd tang bong quyet gii cho xong./Da xdng pha hut tran thi ging goi kie'm cung./
Lim cho ro tu mi nam td. (CM nam nhi).
Cd mgt dieu dae bidt la b Nguydn Cdng Trfl, sfle phan ddu cua mgt ke si, mdt da'ng trfldng phu that raanh me va ben bi, dng neu ra rauc dich va quye't tam cua rainh
"quyet tra", "gang goi", "Mra cho ro" nhfl mdt sfl the hien y cM va nghj lflc ldn lao cua ban than. Chi khi ed khat vgng ldn, cd quydt tam cao do vd tai nang thien bdm mdi du can dam tuyen ngdn vUdt qua nhflng ghet ghen cua tao boa, cua con ngUdi tao ra de thfl thach ngudi quan tfl:
Dddng cdng danh sau trddc cdng la thddng./Con tao hoi sao dudng ghen ghSt mai./Duyen ngd thuy cdn danh ca hpi lai,/
Quye't tang bong cho phi cM trUdng phu.
(Cd cM thi ndn).
Khac vdi cae nba nho truyen thd'ng thudng giau minh chd thdi, ddi thdi de mong cd cd bgi lam nen nghiep ldn, d nha nho tai tfl Nguyin Cdng Trfl khdng he tha'y e ngai hay giau giem nhflng khat vgng cMnh dang cua ban than. Ong tuydn bd khat vgng ay nhu mgt le sdng, mdt tuyen ngdn nhdra Idm rd chf hfldng vd eon dfldng lap cdng danh sfl nghidp cua minh.
Vi the, cM nara nhi da trd thanh mgt menh de trong quan nidm tham mi eua nha thd. Trong eudc ddi va trong sang tae van ehfldng, dng bdc bach he't nhflng suy nghi va mong mud'n eMnh dang cua rainh eho ngfldi ddi tha'y, dd cung Id sfl bilu hien tfnh each eua mpt con ngfldi thang than, trung thflc va day quydt tam.
Trong eudc ddi lam quan, Nguydn Cdng Trfl bang y cM va nghi lflc cua ban than
SO 2-2020 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI Q
da vfldt len dflde hoan canh khd khan khi chua dd dat thdnh danh, dng the hidn Mnh tUdng con ngUdi ca nhan vdi tfl each la mgt dang trfldng phu ludn sanh ngang tam vu tru: "Trong vu tru da danh phan sfl/ Phai cd danh ma dd'i vdi nfli sdng".
Pham trfl "cbi" dfldc dng the bien mgt each dflt khoat, cae bai thd, eau thd va mach thd ludn toat len radt tinh than tfl tin va lae quan vd bd bd'n: Ddc thd thien bat phu,/Hdu chi sd canh thanh. (Trdi khdng phu ngfldi dpc sach,/Cd eM thdi vide se thanh) (Cd cM thi nen).
Trong khong gian xa hdi Nho giao, ke si cd rapt con dUdng ddn than, tie'n than cMnh thd'ng la chara cM "dfli mai kinh sii", sau dd di thi vdi mong raud'n dd dat cao, dupc vinh danh, ra Idm quan. Nguyen Cdng Trfl cflng khdng phai ngoai Id, dng la ngfldi dugc dao tao bai ban ndi "cfla Khdng, san Trmh", di thi va do dat (du mudn); tiing la ke si dfldc "vua bie't mat, chua bidt ten". Tuy nMen, khae vdi nhflng ke si dfldng thcfi, Nguyen Cdng Trfl di thi, dd dat, ra lam quan cM la mdt phfldng tien de dng ed ed hdi dem tai nang, cM lUc vk sd trudng cua rainh gia nhap the' cude va hanh dao. Kha nang thidn bam cua dng kbdng cM diing lai b linh vflc van chfldng ma cdn dfldc the Men trong linh vflc quan sfl va Mnh td': Da xdng pha hut tran thi ging goi Mem cung,/Lam cho ro tu mi nam td. Pham tru "ehf trong sdng tac cua dng vfla the Men triet ly cua van, lai vfla ed cai manh me, dflt khoat eua vo. Dieu nay rapt phan ly giai vi sao nhflng yd'u to', bmh anh, tinh hudng phi thudng lai xud^t hien phd bien trong cac sang tac van chfldng eua dng.
2. "Chi" mang nhufng gia tri ve tfl tfldng va triet li cua ke si ve cuoc ddi Vdi mong mud'n thuc hien dudc "chf Mm trai" cua rainh, ngay ca trong Men thUe cugc sd'ng vd trong sang tac van ehfldng, Nguydn Cdng Trfl chfla khi nao thdi day dflt ve ly tudng cua ban than, ly tudng eua ke si.
Trong mdt sd bai bat ndi, Nguyin Cdng Trfl lay tieu de tfl pham tru "chf, tieu bieu nhu bai "Chi nam nhi", "CM khi anh hflng", "Cd chf thi nen",... diiu nay the Men d dng ludn khat khao ehay bong vd mdt sfl nghiep ldn. Nhd nghien cflu Hoang Ngpe Hie'n nhan xet: "Nguyin Cdng Trd li ngudi cd chi ldn. Va dng tudng rang chi "tang bong hi thi", cM "xe nui lap sdng" cua dng chi cd the vay vung cho pM sdc trong khdng gian ldn d ben ngoai dng: "giang san", "trai dit", "vu tru"...'". Nguyen Cdng Trfl thd hidn cM eua minh trflde kbdng gian vu tru va tfl nhien mpt each tfl do, phdng khodng:
Lam tai trai chi sa ang cdng danb ("Quan tfl ed' eung") mac du dng ludn tfl dat minh trong cdi trdi dd't nay vdi xung quanh la nhieu eai nd eua cugc ddi: Tang hong la cai nd (Quan tfl ed' cflng). CM khi ndo dng tra dfldc eac mdn nd a'y tbi mdi dflde Thanh thdi tha tui rugu biu.
Ban ve ehf nam nhi trong van hpc, Nguyin Cdng Trfl khdng phai Id ngfldi dau tidn; tren thuc te, bdn ve "nd tang bdng" trong xa hdi phong Men la cac nha
'•" H o a n g Ngpc Hig'n: "Dang kieu" va "cot kieu" cua NguySn Cdng Trd, In trong Doan Til H u y e n (Chu bign, 2008), Nguyin Cdng Trd trong ddng lich sd.
Nxb Nghe An - Trung t a m Van boa Ngon ngfl Dong-TSy, tr. 940.
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI SO 2-2020
NGUYEN NHU TRANG Nho t h i hidn su khat khao dfldc lap edng
danb, dUdc cd vi tri xflng dang trong trieu dinh. Nguyin Cdng Trfl khdng phai la ngudi ham hu danh, thfch quyen cao cbfle trgng nhu nbilu vi quan ldn khac, y ehi, nghj lue va niem khat khao thoa "chf tang bdng" cua dng xud't phat tfl quan mdm sd'ng kha gian di va dung dan la da sinh ra d trong trdi dat thi phai ed trach nhiem vdi cupc ddi nay, phai sd'ng lam sao khdng vd ich, khdng cam tha'y ho then vdi ban thdn, vdi gia dinb va vdi qud'c gia, dan tde. Quan nidm lam trai eua Nguyen Cdng Trfl bao gdm nhieu ydu td' hgi tu, ndi de'n tai phai day du ca tai van va vo, dao dflc thi phai du tam cfldng ngu thfldng, ehi eua dd'ng nam nhi phai tung hoanh vung vdy trong trdi da't, xudt xfl phai Id, ed sfl nghidp hiin haeh de dfldc lflu danh mudn thud. Nhflng sang tac ca ngdi chf lam trai cua dng lue nao cung mang am hfldng hao hung, rdn rdi. Men quyet thd hidn chi khi ham hd, nhiet huye't trflde van menh eua da't nfldc, eua nhan ddn, "eai flu diem trong quan niem chf nam nhi cua Nguyen Cdng Trfl la nd khang dinh mgt each dflt khoat vai trd tieh cflc cua eon ngfldi trong xa hgi. Tren qua trinh suy ddi eua y thflc he phong kidn Vidt Nam, giai ed'p thd'ng tri khdng thay dfldc vai trd chii dpng va tich cflc cua con ngfldi"'^'. Quan mem cua Nguyin Cong Trfl ve chf lam trai ciing la quan niem truyen thdng ciia thanh nien tri tbflc Vidt Nam Men tri tu than, ren luydn y ehf, tai nang va dao dflc, sdn sang giup ddi, lap ndn sfl nghidp hdn ngfldi.
Pham tru "chf trong sang tae cua
sfi 2-2020
Nguyin Cdng Trfl the Men quan nidm sdng cua ngfldi anh hflng, do Id sfl tfl lap, khdng dfla ddm. Vi the, con ngUdi ca nhan trong sang tae cua dng mang mdt tfnh each ed phdn kbde vdi nhflng ngfldi cflng thdi. Theo Nguyen Cdng Trfl, ehf nam nhi khdng phai Id y chi cua con ngfldi di ngflde ddng vdi thdi dai, ma nd manh me, tfl tin, thdi thflc vd quye't liet hdn so vdi cae nha nho dfldng thdi.
Nguyen Cdng Trfl khong he than van vdi xa hpi, sau bi cho the thai nhdn tinh hay the Men sfl be tac, bi quan trflde cupc ddi den bac ma ludn ed khat khao ldn: Quye't tang bong cho phi chi trddng phu; Lam nen dang anh hung dau diy to.
Nguydn Cdng Trfl vdn Id mdt nha nho tai tfl, dng tfl nhan dinh v l ban than va traeh nhiem eua minb dd'i vdi eudc ddi, dng so sdnh minh vdi thien ba, khang dinh tai nang va kboa danh cua ea nhdn:
Duyen ngd thuy con danh cd hpi lai,/
Quyet tang hong cho phi chi trUdng phu./
Trong tran ai ai kem ai du,/ Tai bp the khoa danh dlai cd. (Cd chf thi nen).
Ong la ngfldi ludn hanh ddng vd fla hanh ddng, san sang dem bet tai nang, trf lflc cua minh dl phuc vu cbo ddi. CM nam nM cua dng khdng cM la san pham eua tinh cam ma cdn Id san pham cua ly tri.
Tuy nMdn, du dng ed de eao con ngfldi ca nhan den mflc nao di chang nfla tM sfl tae dpng cua Nho giao vdn ed anh hudng bao trum len tU tfldng va sang tac cua dng. Dfl tfnh khf cua ong cd khoang dat, ngang tang, ngdng, nga't ngfldng de'n md'y thi vdn '^' Doan T i Huylh (Chu bien, 2008), NguySn Cdng Trd trong ddng lich sii, Nxb, Nghg An - Trung tam Van hoa Nggn ngQ Dong-Tay, tr.667.
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI E Q
khdng the thoat khdi cai "Idng" chat hep eua dao quan than va le giao Nho gia:
Giang sdn dinh cd ciy ndi minh,/Ma vpi mia tai tinh cM may nM./Da sinh ra d trong phu thi,/Ng tran ai quyet se tinh
xong./Nam nhi dao thvt thi hung. (Bd'n be la nha).
Nhin tfl gde dp Ijch sfl, td't ca nhflng bai ve pham trfl "chf deu dfldc sdng tac khi dng phung sfl cho vUdng trieu nhd xong./Nhan ldi ndi vdi non sdng,/Giang sdn Nguyen. Dieu nay cho tha'y, trong sU iio de anh himg miy ai./Thanh van trdng nghiep cua minh, Nguydn Cdng Trfl da dd ma coi. (Cd cMtM nen). the hidn ro cM hUdng, cdch hanh xfl
Nguyen Cdng Trfl sinh ra va ldn len thdng nhd't theo mpt eon dfldng da lfla vao giai doan xa hpi Viet Nam ed nhieu chgn. Phara trfl "chf trong sang tac cua bid'n dpng ldn vd phflc tap ca ve cMnh dng mang nhflng net hao hung, the hidn tri, kinb te' va van boa. Bd'i eanh, vfldng mot ban linh ldn, mdt tam hdn trong trieu nha Hau Le sdp bj lat do; vfldng sdng vdi khf phach va khat vpng chinb trieu nba Nguyen tren dd chien thdng. dang eua mdt tai nang ldn. Trong sud't sfl Khi quydn lflc dflde cung cd', nha Nguydn
ra sfle khdi phue hpc thuye't Nho giao vd'n dang d vao thdi ky khung hoang.
Khac vdi ngfldi cha cua rainh, Nguyin Cdng Trfl khdng phai chju dn mfla mdc cua vfldng trieu trflde, dng nhap the mpt each ham hd vdi trieu dai radi vd raang trong minh hoai bao ve sfl nghiep ldn k lao, cao ca. Trong bd'i canh do, chi nam
nhi b Nguyin Cdng Trfl la mpt trang thai tdm ly cua ke si mud'n vfldn len, vfldt len chfnh ban than minh va thdi dai. Mpt mat, dng ngdi ca Man li Nho giao, de cao sfl can dam cua eon ngfldi; mdt mat dng tdn vinh ban linh ca nhan va tai nang thien bdm b con ngfldi. Ga hai mat thoat nghe tfldng nhfl man thudn, doi nghich nbau nhUng thUc eha't lai bo trd cho
nghidp lam quan, b dng da dien ra vd sd cac boat ddng tfch cUc tren nhieu phUdng dien, b nMeu vung da't cua qudc gia;
cung da phai trai qua nhflng ehdng gai, thang trdm, nhUng dng ludn nd lUc, tfl tin vfldt len vdi long say me ed'ng hie'n va boat ddng khdng biet met mdi. Ngay ea kM da ve gia (ngodi tam rafldi tuoi), dng van xin nha vua cbo cdm quan danh giae Phap;
Con tao ghet ghen chi miy nhSng,/Anh hUng gap gd nhin lam sao./ Hpi phong van bie't co dudng nao,/Minh mpt bdng danh rang ndng ndi thi./Hoi thd kie'm cd hay chang nhe,/Nd tang hong gia dang luc nay chang./Ra tay chda lech cho bing. (Di quan thfl).
Pham trfl "ehf bilu Men mpt tinh thdn nhdp eudc, hfldng tam, bdnh dao nhau, eung tao ddng lfle de cho dng vfla vdi mong fldc den dn vua, thda khat vpng hfldng thu vfla cdng Men mdt each tan lap cdng danh, sdn sang xa than minh vi lflc: Cupc tram nam chd "To' hanh hi"/ giang sdn xa tdc cua nha Nho chan chinh Bi khu xd quy md hoan tU Met./Cung Nguyin Gdng Trfl. Chi nam nhi vi thd da tddng ay cho thien ha hie't,/Bii't rang ai trb thanh mdt mdnh de quan trgng trong to nho nho to./May ra md mat rdng each hanh xfl eua ong trUde cupc ddi.
Nho,/Quan din mpt ganh giang ho cung Nha nghidn cflu Tran Nho Thin cho
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI SO 2-2020
NGUYEN NHU TRANG rang: "Chf nam nhi cua Nguyin Cdng
Trfl la tinh thdn nhap thd tfch efle eua nha nho vd'n dUdc giao due niem tin v l ngudn goc vu tru thieng Hdng cua mgt nhdn each va tdi nang cua minh, mud'n dem tai nang ay cd'ng hid'n eho sU nghiep cflu chua an dan va da nhan ra dieu Men thuan ldi cho vide thflc hidn If tfldng dd"*^'. "Chf dd'i vdi nha thd da trd thanh mdt ly tudng eao dep md ngfldi lam trai neu kbdng thflc Men dugc thi chang edn la chinh ban than minh, tdn tai trong nhan gian cung chi la vd nghia: Khdng cdng danh thdi nat vdi co ciy.
Ket l u a n
Van hgc Vidt Nam giai doan nfla eud'i tbd ki XVIII - nfla ddu thd ki XIX chflng kid'n sfl xuat hidn eua eac nha nho tai tfl mdt mau hinh nha nho ma trflde dd chfla tflng cd, hoae khdng rd rang. O giai doan cflng thdi vdi Nguydn Cdng Trfl, cac nha nho tai tfl, it hay nbilu da thd hidn ban 'nga eua minh, dam ndi, dam lam, dam hanh dpng mpt each manh me, dflt khoat nham thflc hidn khat vgng va thoa man tai nang thien bam. Nguydn Gdng Trfl la ngfldi ndm trong so' a'y va kba ndi bat. Ong khdng ngan ngai ndi v l minh,
"chf dflde dng de cap dd'n nhfl mdt le sdng cdn cua cupc ddi, la "kim chi nam"
eua mpi hanh ddng. Vdi dng, chi nam nhi la mpt quan niem eao ea v l sfl nghiep ca nhan cua ke si, b do cd sfl tdng hdp cua khat vpng va tai nang cua ke lam trai, nd bao gdm chf khi anh hflng va cai np tang bdng hd thi, tilt khf trfldng phu vdi cai mdng edng hdu khanh tfldng, tai ndng eflng vdi ham mudn luu danh trong trdi da't. Nguyen Cdng Trfl nhde dd'n sfi 2-2020
"chf vdi vai trd quan trpng va tich cflc eua eon ngfldi trong xa hgi. Mpt dieu cdn khang dinh, Nguyin Cdng Trfl khdng ehi ndi sudng, ndi cho thoa man tam trang trong khi ngdu hflng, dng the hien chl nam nhi, cM lam trai, chi anh hung, chi trugng phu cua minh bdng hanh dgng eu thd va quydt liet.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Ly Trach Hdu (2002), Boh bai giang my hgc (Trdn Dinh Sfl va Ld Tdm dich), Nxb. Dai hgc Qud'e gia Ha Ndi.
2. Doan Tfl Huyen (chu Men 2008), Nguyen Cdng Trd trong dong lich sd, Nxb.
Nghe An, Trung tdm Van hoa Ngdn ngfl Ddng-Tay.
3. Trdn Dinh Hudu (1998), iViio g^iao va van hgc Viet Nam trung cin dai, Nxb.
Giao due, Ha Ndi.
4. Trdn Dinh Hudu (2002), Cac bai giang ve td tddng phuang Ddng, Nxb. Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, Hd Npi.
5. Trdn Nho Thin (2012), Van hgc Viit Nam td theky X din hit theky XIX, Nxb.
Giao due. Ha Npi.
6. Nguydn Dang Thue (1950), Triet ly nhan sinh cua NguySn Cdng Trd, Tdng Giam dde thdng tin xudi. ban, Ha Ndi.
7. Ld Thflde, Hoang Ngpc Phach, Trfldng Chfnh (1958), Tha van Nguyin Cdng Trd, Nxb. Van boa. Ha Ndi.
'^ T r d n Nho Thin (2008), Fan hoc trung dai Viet Nam dddi goc nhin van hoa. Nxb. Giao due, Ha Noi, tr. 506.
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