T R U Q N G DAI H O C DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc sd 42 (02-2020) CAC TRU'CRNG CUA TON GIAO TRONG DO CO CONG GIAO THAM GIA GOP PHAN LANH MANH HOA GIAO DUC VIET NAM
• Pham Huy Thong'"' Tom tat
Ngdy 18/11 2016 Luat Tin ngitong, tdn gido dd dugc Qudc hpi nude Cong hda xd hdi chu nghTa Viet Nam thong qua, ed hieu luc tie 01/01/2018 vd ngdy 18/01/2018. Bd Chinh tri ra Chi thi sd 18-CT/TW ve tiep ttic thuc hien Nghi quyit sd 25-NQ/TW eiia Ban Chap hdnh Trung uong khda IX vi edng tdc tdn gido trong tinh hinh mdi, xdc dinh' "Tdn gido Id mdt ngudn luc qudc gia" Tie quan diem ndy, tde gid nhdn thiec gido due ciia Cdng gido ciing chinh Id mdt ngudn luc, mdt tiem ndng cdn khai thdc di tham gia vdo viec xa hdi hda gido due. Theo do, bdi bdo trinh bdy quan diem cua Ddng, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vd chinh sdeh cua Nhd nude vi vdn de tdn gido vd vai trd cua cdc logi trucmg cdc tdn gido trong do cd nhd trucmg Cdng gido, dd ddng gdp phdt tnen gido due tgi nhiiu nude phdt tnen vd Idm ldnh mgnh hda gido dtiC Viet Nam.
Tit khda: Quan diem cua Ddng, chinh sdeh cim Nhd nude, gido due cdng gido, gido due Viet Nam.
1. Dat van de phan ddng tu san dimg de bao ve che do bdc Idt va Dii lay chu nghTa Mae-Lenin va tu tudng Ho ^^u ddc giai c4p cdng nhan" [3, y 576]. Ong bac bd mgi luan ly, dao dire tdn giao' "Giai cap tu san da tuyen truyen cho rfcig, luan ly la do gidi lugt Thuong de ma cd.., Mgi dao dire thuge loai nay, lay d nhiing quan niem xa Ig vdi nhan logi, xa la vdi giai cap trong xa hdi thi chimg ta deu khdng cdng nhan Chimg ta ndi ring, day la lira bip, ndi doi edng nhan, ndng dan va nhoi so edng ndng de muu ich cho bon dia chu vabgntu ban" [5,tr 312]
Sau khi Lenin qua ddi nam 1924,1. Stalin edn ed thai dd cimg ran hon vdi tdn giao. Bd mdn "Chii nghia vd than khoa hgc" duoc dua vao giang day bat budc d eae trudng dai hgc Tap ehi "Ngudi vd than" ra ddi Nhieu khda dao tao can bd ehong tdn giao dugc md ra d Lien Xd tir nam 1927 Stalin canh bao, khdng kien quyet chong tdn giao la lam suy yeu Dang,
Saeh bao d cac nude xa hgi ehu nghTa deu canh giac vdi tdn giao. Mdt tac gia d Tnmg Qudc viet;
"Viec thdng qua cac tdn giao de xam nhap van hda m tudng cua cac the luc phan ddng d phuang Tay, sd dT ed hieu qua cao la vi cac tdn giao va ehinh tri cd mdi lien he khang kbit .. The luc tdn giao la thu doan quan trong de chu nghTa de qudc tap hgp lue lugng thuc hien dien bien boa binh" [ l , y 286]
Tai Viet Nam, mgt sd saeh giao khoa chinh tri ciing cd nhung nhan xet ta khuynh nhu the. Giao trinh "Chu nghia cdng san khoa hgc" viet, "La vii khi dau tranh each mgng eua giai cap vd san, ly Chi Minh lam he tu tudng chinh tri nhung Dang
va Nha nude Viet Nam ed nhieu nhan thiic mdi ve van de tdn giao Tir chd thira nhan eac gia tri dao dire, van hda ciia tdn giao den Chi thi 18-CT/TW ngay 18/01/2018 ciia Bd Chinh tri da xae dinh "tdn giao la mdt nguon luc quoc gia" Chi ndi rieng ITnh vyc giao dye cua cac tdn giao trong do cd giao due Cdng giao, neu dugc huy ddng tham gia vao viec xa hgi hda ITnh vuc nay, nd ed the gdp phan lam lanh manh hda giao due Viet Nam.
2. Noi dung
2.1. Tu quan diem ciia Dang den chinh sach cua Nha niro'c
Dang Cdng san Viet Nam lay chu nghTa Mae- Lenin la nen tang ly luan ciia minh, Quan diem ciia cac nha sang lap chu nghTa Mac ve tdn giao kha cimg ran, Ai ciing biet tuyen ngdn eiia Mac ve tdn giao' "Tdn giao la tieng thd dai eiia chimg sinh bi ap hire, la yai tim ciia the gidi khdng cd trai hm, eiing giong nhu nd la tinh than eiia the gidi khdng cd tinh than. Tdn giao la thude phien cua nhan dan"
[4, tr 414-415] Lenin cdn cuong quyet ban khi the hien thai do vdi tdn giao: "Chu nghTa Mac bao gid ciing COI tdn giao va eae giao hgi, tat ca eac to chiic tdn giao hien ed deu la nhiing co quan ciia the lue
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc so 42 (02-2020) luan khoa hge ciia ehii nghTa Mac-Lenin khdng
the dung hda vdi nhiing quan diem phan khoa hge, tieu cue ciia tdn giao. Mau thuan giiia chu nghTa Mae- Lenin va tdn giao la mau thuan ve th8 gidi quan khdng the dieu hda Lap tmdng eiia chii nghia Mac-Lenin la giai phdng nhan dan khdi nhirng anh hudng eua tdn giao" [2].
Nhiing quan diem ta khuynh nay ve sau da bi cac nha nghien ciru ve tdn giao phe phan. Giao su Dang Nghiem Van - nguyen Vien trudng dau tien cua Vien Nghien ciiu tdn giao viet. "Thuc te da hinh thanh frong tu tudng can bd quan mem, phat trien tdn giao la khdng cd loi eho each mgng.. Dd la sy hieu biet han hep eiia ho chi xet tdn giao qua nhiing hanh ddng tdn giao phuc vu muc dich ehinh tri don thuan nen da vd tinh gay ra nhiing doi lap khdng can thiet giiia Nha nude va tdn giao trong ddi song xa hdi tren ea mat tran van hda, dgo dire tam ly... Thanh kien ddi vdi tdn giao dan den thu hep nhu cau ehinh dang eua cac tin do tdn giao, vi pham ngay nhiing dieu Nha nude da de ra, dan den hau qua tgo ke hd eho nhirng phan tii xau tgi dung, Idi keg tin do. Dieu dd, trai vdi ca tu tudng Ho Chi Minh" [14, tr 61].
Giao su Pham Nhu Cuong, nguyen Chu nhiem Uy ban Khoa hoc xa hdi ciing nhan dinh riing: "Cd le each hieu lau nay cua chimg ta ve vi tri chu dgo, ve dia vi thdng tri ciia chii nghTa Mac-Lenin trong ddi song tu tudng, van hda yong xa hdi chii nghTa cd phan qua dang, cd khi thanh dge tdn, ddc thoai, bat nguon tir kieu nggo cdng san . lam cho chii nghTa Mae-Lenin bi taeh khdi ddng chay rgng Idn cua tn thire van hda nhan logi, tir dd lam mat siic manh thuyet phue va cam hda cua nd qua mdt su doi thoai cdi md, chan thanh va binh dang.. Canh giac qua mire vdi tdn giao lam eho ehiing ta rai vao the bi ddng, phdng thu, khdng nhin thay sire manh ciia che do mdi trong viec bien cdng dong tdn giao thanh mdt luc luong tich cue, chii ddng tham gia xay dung xa hdi mdi khdng chi ve mat kinh te, vat chat va ca mat ynh than, van hda" [14, y 138; 160].
Rat may. Dang cdng san Viet Nam - mgt Dang do Ho Chi Minh thanh lap va diu dSt lai cd nhiing quan diem bien chimg va thdng thoang ve van de tdn giao. Mac dii, Ho Chi Mmh la ngudi cdng san, theo ehii nghTa duy vat. Ho Chi Minh xac nhan:
"Tdn giao la duy tam, cgng san la duy vat... Chu nghia duy linh va chii nghTa duy vat ngugc nhgu, ro rang la the" [11, y 80]. Ngugc nhau chir khdng phai chong nhau, logi trir nhau. Vi vay, ngay sau ngay dge Tuyen ngdn dge lap, Chu tieh Ho Chi Minh da tiiay mat Chinh phu ra myen bo' Tin nguong ty do, luong giao doan ket. Trong Chinh phii Hd Chi Minh cd nhieu guong mat Cdng giao nhu bac sT Vii Dinh Tung - Bg trudng Bg Y te, Thge sT Nguyen Manh Ha - Bg trudng Kinh te, nhan sT Ngd Tu Hg - Bg trudng Cyu chien binh, cac co van Chinh phd cd eac Giam muc nhu Le Hiiu Tir, Ho Ngpe Can. Phd Chii tich Thudng true Quoc hdi khda I la linh muc Pham Ba True Khdng phai ngau nhien ma Chd tich Ho Chi Minh dugc suy tdn la danh nhan van hda the gidi. Ngudi da biet chat loc tinh hoa cua the gidi yong dd cd cac tdn giao lam thanh hgc thuyet eua minh. Chii tich Hd Chi Minh viet.
"Hgc thuyet cua Khong Tii cd uu diem ciia nd la su tu duong dgo dire ca nhan.
Tdn giao Giesu cd uu diem la Idng nhan ai cao ca.
Chii nghTa Mac cd im diem cua nd la phuang phap lam viec bien chiing.
Chu nghTa Tdn Dat Tien cd uu diem eua nd la chinh saeh eiia nd phii hop vdi dieu kien nude ta.
Khdng Tii, Giesu, Mac, Tdn Dat Tien chang cd nhimg uu diem chung do sao? Ho deu muon muu hanh phue eho moi ngudi, muu phiic lgi cho xa hdi Neu hdm nay hg cdn sdng tren coi ddi nay, neu hg tap hgp tgi mpt chd, tdi tin rang, hg nhat dinh chung song vdi nhau rat hoan my nhu nhiing ngudi ban than thiet.
Tdi CO gang lam ngudi hoc trd nhd ciia cac vi ay" [11, y. 325-326].
Sau khi hen hanh edng cude doi mdi. Dang cdng san Viet Nam cd nhieu nhan thiic mdi ve van de tdn giao. Nghi quy6t 24-NQmV cua Bd Chinh yi nam 1990 vief "Tdn giao la van de cdn ton tai lau dai Tin nguong, tdn giao la nhu cku tinh than ciia mdt bg phan nhan dan, Dao dire tdn giao cd nhieu dieu phii hop vdi cdng euge xay dyng xa hgi mdi" [12, y 45-46]
Tiep dd, nam 2003, Dang lgi ban hanh Nghj quyet 25-NQ/TW va tiep tuc khang dinh: "Tin
T R U Q N G DAI H O C DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 42 (02-2020) nguong, tdn giao la nhu cau tinh than ciia mdt bd
phan nhan dan, dang va se ton tgi eimg dan tgc yong qua trinh xay dung chii nghTa xa hdi d nude ta. Dong bao cae tdn giao la bd phan cua khdi dai doan ket toan dan toe" [12, tr. 48].
Van kien Dai hdi Dang lan thir X n nam 2016 van yen ynh than doi mdi; "Hoan thien ehinh sach phap luat ve tin nguong, tdn giao, phat huy nhiing gia tri van hda, dao dire tot dep ciia cac tdn giao Quan tam va tao dieu kien eho cac td chirc tdn giao smh hogt theo Hien ehuong, Dieu le ciia to chirc tdn giao da dugc Nha nude edng nhan theo quy dinh ciia phap luat, ddng gdp tich cue vao sy nghiep xay dungvabao ve datnudc" [13, y 165]
Theo tinh than dd, Luat Tin nguong, tdn giao da duoe Quoc hdi thdng qua ngay 18/11/2016 va cd hieu lye tii 01/01/2018, trong dd Dieu 55 ghi rd. Cac tdn giao "duge tham gia cae boat ddng giao due dao tgo, y te, bao trg xa hdi, tir thien nhan dao theo quy dmh ciia phap luat lien quan"
Mdi day, ngay 18/01/2018, Bd Chinh tn ra Chi thi 18-CT/TW "Ve yep tuc thyc hien Nghi quyet 25-NQ/TW" da xac dinh' "Tdn giao la mdt nguon luc quoc gia". Trong dd, giao due ciia Cdng giao ciing chinh la mdt ngudn lue, mdt tiem nang can khai thae de tham gia vao viec xa hdi hda giao due
2.2. Tir thuc te ve quan diem giao due den cac truong Cong giao
Giao hdi Cdng giao ed nhieu van kien hudng dan ve giao due nhung ro rang nhat la Tuyen ngdn ve giao due Kitd giao (Gravissimum Ecudationis) da dugc Cdng ddng Vatican 2 thdng qua ngay 14/10/1965 Ngay so I ciia Tuyen ngdn da viet'
"Tat ca moi ngudi, khdng phan biet chung tdc, giai cap va tuoi tac, do pham gia con ngudi, deu cd mdt quyen bat kha nhugng laphai dugc hudng mdt nen giao due dap irng vdi sii mgng rieng, phii hgp vdi ca tinh cua tirng phai, thich nghi vdi van hda va truyen thong dan tde, ddng thdi md rgng su hgp tac vdi cae dan tdc khac, de hd tro cdng cude hop nhit chan ehinh va hda binh tren mat dk Vay nen giao due ehan chinh la viec dao tgo con ngudi, nhSm dat tdi cimg dich cua minh cung nhu loi ich doan the ma ho la doan vien, va hg se tham gia phuc vu khi d6n tuoi trudng thanh"
[8,tr444].
Ve mue dich cua giao due, d Viet Nam ciing nhu nhieu nude yen the gidi deu thong nhat, giao due la dao tao con ngudi toan dien nhung ve phuong phap, ve vai trd eiia nhiing thanh phan tham gia vao giao due, mue dich ciia giao due thi khac nhau. Dieu 2 Luat Giao due Viet Nam •viet.
"Muc tieu dao tao eon ngudi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien cd dao dire, tri thire, siic khde, tham my va nghe nghiep, tnmg thanh vdi ly tudng doe lap dan tdc va chu nghia xa hdi, hinh thanh, bdi dudng nhan each, pham chat va nang luc cdng dan, dap img yeu cau cua su nghiep xay dung va bao ve To quoc". Nhu vay, muc tieu ciia giao due la nhSm dao tao eon ngudi trung thanh vdi y thirc he cua xa hdi la nhiem vu hang dau chu khdng phai phuc
•vu cdng ddng nhan loai hay quoe gia. Trai lai mue tieu eiia giao due Cdng giao ghi ro "Giup tre em va thanh thieu nien phat trien dieu hda nhiing nang khieu the xac luan ly va tinh than, y thiic dan dan yaeh nhiem mdt each rd ret hon, nhd ludn ludn co gang trau ddi diing miic ddi song ea nhan va theo dudi su tu do chan ehinh vdi long can dam va kien nhan ludt thang mgi trd nggi Phai tich cue va than trgng giao due chimg ve phai tinh tiiy timg lira tuoi Ngoai ra phai huan luyen cho chiing biet tham du vao ddi song xa hdi, de sau khi duoc eh! dan day dii ve nhiing phuang tien can thiet va thich hgp, chimg ed the tich eye dan than vao nhiing doan the khae nhau ciia cdng dong nhan loai, san sang ddi thogi vdi ngudi khac ciing nhu hang say hoat ddng de gdp phan thyc hien loi ich ehung" [8, tr. 445],
Trong thu giii cac thay cd giao nhan ngay 20/11/2014, Giam muc Dinh Dire Dao - Chu tich Uy ban Giao due ciiaHdi ddng Giam mue Viet Nam nhan nhii^ "Xin quy thay ed dgy dd va huan luyen cho cac em biet song theo luong tam de trd thanh mudi, thanh men tot trong xa hdi Chd gi quy thay cd giao duoc nhan biet va cam phuc nhu nhiing ngudi song va giao due eac sinh vien hoc sinh cd luong tam ngay thang, cd tinh than yaeh nhiem va tdn ygng sy song" [9] Giao due cho ngudi hgc biet sdng theo luong tam ngay th&ng dac biet la giao due lam ngudi la dieu khae biet vdi loi giao due thdng thudng Giam muc Dinh Dire Dao nhan xet "Cac trudng hgc yong xa hdi hdm nay chi nham tdi dao tgo cac chuyen vien, chir khdng day lam ngudi. Vi
T R U O N G DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc so 42 (02-2020) vay, cd khi xay ra trudng hgp mdt hoc sinh smh
vien hgc gidi, diem cao, rdi khi thanh edng lgi trd nen ich ky, hai ngudi... Theo giao huan cua Hdi thanh, de tham nhuan tam tinh ciia Chiia Giesu hda lan vdi nhiing net tuoi dep ciia van hda dan tgc, viee luyen tap can phai dugc toan dien gdm dii 4 chieu kich eua cude sdng cgn ngudi gdm' nhan ban, tam linh, til tue va kha nang chuyen mdn" [10].
Nhan day ciing ndi them rang, d Viet Nam chua chii trgng khoa hge nhan van ma mdi chir y den khoa hge xa hdi dii ed 2 trudng Dgi hoc Khoa hgc xa hdi va Nhan van. Vien Han lam Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam qua 11 lan doi ten tir Ban Nghien ciru Lich su, Dia ly. Van hge nam 1953 den nay eiing chi duy nhat nam 1993 cd ten day du la Tnmg tam Khoa hgc xa hdi va nhan van quoc gia. Cac Vien ciia Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xahoi hien nay chii yeu la nghien ciiu xa hpi. Chua cd khoa hgc nghien ciru ve con ngudi (humanism) thi lam sao giao due dugc con ngudi day du, dimg nghia dugc.
Theo Luat Giao due cua Viet Nam ban hanh nam 2009, dieu 15 viet' "Nha giao cd vai yd quyet djnh yong viec dam bao chat lugng giao due". Vi vay, nhieu phu huynh khi gap cac thay cd deu cd cau ciia mieng; Tram su nhd thay. Cdn theo quan diem giao due Cdng giao lgi khac; "Vi la ngudi truyen su song eho con cai, nen cha me cd bdn phan het sire quan trgng la giao due chimg va vi the hg duge COI la nhimg nha giao due dau tien va chinh yeu eiia ehiing. Vai trd giao due nay quan trong den ndi neu thieu sot thi khd Idng bd khuyet dugc"
(Gd, so 3). Nhu vay, eha me cd vai yd quan ygng trudc het trong giao due chii khdng phai cac thay cd Dieu 3 Luat Giao due Viet Nam ghi nen tang eiia giao due la "chu nghia Mae-Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh" va "Nha nude giii vai trd chii dao trong phat trien su nghiep giao due" (dieu 12), cdn phia Cdng giao ehu truong phan ddi chinh tn hda hoc dudng. "Phai logi trir moi che do doe quyen hgc hieu, vi tat ca moi ehe dd ddc quyen thuoc loai nay deu trai vdi quyen ty nhien ciia con ngudi, can y d su tien bd va pho bien van hda, lam tan loang bau khi thuan hda giiia cac cdng dan va nghich vdi thuyet da dang" (Gd, sd 6) Nha nude cung cd vai trd quan trgng: "Chinh quyen ed bon phan lo lieu cho moi cdng dan dugc tham du thyc su vao nen
van hda va dugc huan luyen thich dang de thi hanh nhiem vu va quyen loi ciia edng dan" (Gd, sd 6).
Nhu vgy, Nha nude phai lo ve eo ehe chinh sach, eo sd vat chat va dao tao giao vien chir khdng phai la quyet dinh tat ca
Vdi quan niem nhu tren, giao due Cdng giao da thanh cdng. Trudc bet, ed rat nhieu trudng noi heng, cd truyen thdng tdi ca ngan nam dugc Cdng giao tao dyng d nhieu nude yen the gidi nhu trudng Bologna, Sorbonne d Phap, Cambridge, Oxford d Anh, Santa Clara, Loyola, Marymourt, Setatie, Boston,.. o H o a K y .
Oxford la Vien dai hgc nghien ciiu lien hgp d Oxford hogt ddng giang day tir nam 1906. Day la dai hoc lau ddi nhat yong the gidi ndi tieng Anh va eung la dgi hoc cd tuoi ddi dai thii hai the gidi cdn ton tai den ngay nay. Khau hieu eiia nha trudng cd tieng Latinh la "Dominus Iluminatio Mea" (Chiia la anh sang ddi tdi). Trudng lap ra liic dau la de dao tgo giao st Kitd giao. Nam 1036, Vien trudng Wiliam Land - Tong Giam mue Canterbury da xay dung quy che ehuan hda dgi hgc va van duge ap dung den ngay nay Cac cuge eai each d Anh da anh hudng den ndi dung dao tgo. Vi du phan tnet hoc kinh vien da bi bai bd nam 1636 va thay vao dd la nghien ciru Kinh thanh, cau nguyen va chia se tam linh. Nhieu "Cau lac bd thanh" da ra ddi tii ngdi trudng nay quy tu giao vien va sinh vien di lam tir thien, tham vieng til nhan, dgy hgc cho tr6 mo cdi. va da anh hudng nhieu den cac cude each mgng tu mdng d chau Au. Vien dgi hgc nay hien cd 38 dai hoc thanh vien. Trudng da cd 27 cyu sinh vien dugc yao giai Nobel, 26 Thii mdng Anh va nhieu chinh tri gia yen the gidi
Trudng Cambridge la Vien dai hgc cdng duge thanh lap d Anh nam 1209, ehi sau Dai hgc Oxford.
Khau hieu cua trudng la "Hinc lucem et procula saera" (Tir day anh sang va Chen thanh, nghTa la tir noi nay, chimg ta dat duoc su khai tue va tri thirc quy gia). Day la trudng ma Giao hdi Cdng giao rat ky vong. Nam 1231, Giao hoang Gregory IX cho phep mgi sinh vien tdt nghiep yudng Cambndge dugc di giang day khap the gidi Kitd giao. Giao hoang Nicholas IV eoi trudng Cambndge nhu mdt
"studium generale" (Co sd giao due da nang) Muc tieu eiia trudng lue dau ciing la dao tgo hnh myc.
T R U Q N G DAI H O C DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 42 (02-2020) tu sT Kitd giao. Khi Anh gigo rg ddi d the ky XVI,
triet hgc kinh vien ciing khdng dugc giang dgy tgi tmdng va dugc thay bang mdn nghien cim Kinh thanh va togn hge, vat ly hge. Hgi bg mdn toan va ly d day da cung cap nhung nha khoa hoe Idn cho the gidi nhu G.H Hardy, W. V D Hodge, Lord Kelvin, J.
Thomson . Rieng mdn toan da cd 6 ngudi dgt giai Fields va Abel. Tmdng hien cd 31 dgi hgc thgnh vien va nhieu phan khoa. Tmdng da eg 90 ngudi duoc giai Nobel va nhieu nha lanh dao cac quoc gia, Tmdng Dai hoc Sorbonne la ten thudng ggi cua Vien Dgi hgc Paris. Dai hgc Pans dugc thanh lap nam 1257 Day la trudng dai hoc thanh lap vao logi sdm d chau Au. Khau hieu ciia tmdng la "Hie et ubiique terramm" ( 0 day va bat cir noi dau yen yai dat). Tir nam 1970, Vien Dai hoc Paris cd 13 thanh vien va cd 3 trudng dai hoc thanh vien van cdn g ^ vdi danh tir Sorbonne la Paris I, III va TV. Dai hoc Sorbonne gan lien vdi ten tudi khoa Than hoc. Rat nhieu triet gia, than hoc gia, nha khoa hgc, chinh khach da xuat than tir mai trudng nay nhu Giao hoang Benoil XVI, Giam mue Ngd Dinh Thuc, triet gia Jean Paul Sartre, P. Teihard de Chardin, Jean Calvin, Toma Aquinp, hai vg chong bae hoe P Cune Rat nhieu ngudi Viet Nam da lay bang Tien sT tir tmdng nay nhu linh mue Truong Ba Can, Thien Cam, Nguyen Van Tnmg, tnet gia linh muc Luong Kim Dinh, giao su Ngd Bao Chau
Tgi Hoa Ky, cd du eac loai trudng eiia cac tdn giao, neng trudng Cdng giao kha nhieu tir bae mau giao den dgi hpc, sau dgi hpc. Rieng dai hge ciing cd nhieu trudng noi tieng nhu Notre Dame (thanh lap nam 1842), Seattle (lap nam 1891), Oklahoma, Boston nhung ndi tieng nhat la 28 trudng dgi hgc ciia ddng Ten (ddng Chiia Giesu), Thep xep hgng ciia to chirc US News & World 2016, trong 84 trudng dao tgo Master tot nhat d Hoa Ky thi ddng Ten ed 5 trudng la Santa Clara (thii 2), Lyola (thir 3), Goygaga (thii 4), Georgeto'wn (thii 21), Holy Cross (thir 32) Trudng Creighton lien tue 13 nam lien dimg dau trgng chuong trinh dao tao Martes d Tnmg Hoa Ky. Trudng Santa Clara la trudng cd ty le sinh vien tot nghiep cao d Hoa Ky tdi 85%. Trudng Georgetown la trudng duoc xep hang dau ve dap tao, nganh ngoai giao, tai chinh d Hoa Ky. Tong thong Bill Clinton cua Hoa Ky
hay Gloria Arroyo cua Philippin da timg hpc tgi day. Cac trudng nay dSu lay nhimg y trong Kinh thanh lam khau hieu nhu trudng Notre Dame khau hieu la "Vita, Duleedo, Spes" (Su sdng. An vui.
Cay trdng). Cac trudng nay deu dao tao da nganh va sinh vien tdt nghiep rat de kiem viec lam
Tren pham vi toan cau, theo thdng ke cua Giao hdi nam 2012, Giao hdi Cdng giao dang quan ly 70.544 trudng mau giao vdi 6.478 627 hge smh, 92.847 trudng tieu hgc vdi 31.151117 hge sinh, 43.591 trudng tnmg hoc vdi 17.793.559 hoc sinh, 12.662 trudng dai hoc, cao diing vdi 2.304.171 sinh
•vien va 3.373.445 sinh -vien dai hgc.
Tai Viet Nam, giao hgi Cdng giao ciing xay dyng nhieu trudng hge nhung d mien Bae sau nam 1954 bi ddng cira nen it thay ket qua. 0 mien Nam, den nam 1969, giao hdi Cdng giao quan ly 1 030 trudng tieu hgc vdi 258 409 hoc smh Cdng giao va 97.3 47 hoe sinh ngoai Cdng giao; 226 tmdng trung hge vdi 82.827 hoc smh Cdng giao va 70.101 hoc sinh ngoai Cdng giao [7, tr 375], Hien nay, theo Phap lenh tin nguong, tdn giao, Cdng giao ehi duoe md tmdng mau giao va mdt so ldp tinh thuong vdi 675 trudng mau giao va 145 Idp tinh thuong tieu hgc thu hilt 125 594 tre den tmdng chiem 3,06%
sd tre trong do tudi di hgc.
Chimg tdi chua cd dieu kien de lam so sanh nhimg uu diem cua cac trudng Cdng giao nhung chi can xem qua cac trudng mau giao do cae nii tu Cdng giao dieu hanh se thay d eae trudng nay rat it tieu cue nhiing nhieu, chac chan khdng cd chuyen bgo hanh tre em va dieu Ig la chinh con em can bg, edng an lgi thich giii vao trudng nay dii cac trudng rat bi hgn che so lugng tuyen smb. Dieu gi da lam nen khae biet ciia trudng Cdng giao ehinh la dpi ngu giao •vien Ho sdng theo niem Un tdn giao Tdng Giam mue David M.O'ConneI, Hieu trudng mdt trudng Cdng giao tgi Hoa Ky trao ddi rang: "Mdt trudng dgi hge ehiu anh hudng true tiep tii mdt tdn giao hay dire tin cu the nao, ngoai truyen duac den the gidi hoc thuat rang tmdng tdn giao dd sd hiru y thire dge trung va khae biet cua minh trong mdi trudng giao due va niem tin nay dang ddng gdp cd muc dich vao nen giao due dgi hgc nhd diic tin . Neu mpt thye su mang tinh tdn giao, moi ngudi trong va ngoai khu hgc xa deu thay rang cac trudng
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc sd 42 (02-2020) tdn giao vi sir menh ciiand cd cdng them mgt gia Cdng giao da gdp phan lam nen tiianh cdng eua nen tn, nen giao due dai hoc va yeu td cdng them nay giao due cac nude tien tiSn nay, Chiing tdi by vgng la mdt thir gi dd thu hut mgi ngudi, keo moi ngudi vdi su chuan bi cua Luat Tin nguong, tdn giao hien den trudng" [6] nay, eac tdn giao se duoc gdp sire khdng han che 3. Ket luan vao cac ITnh vuc la the manh va tmyen thong cua 0 cac nude Au - My, tir kh, c6 Luat phan ly ™ " ' ' '* ^ *^- i'^° ^'^^ * * i e n bac ai. Rieng t|^m nam 1905, thi nha tmdng dSu tach Ichoi giao ho, "»"8 giio due Cong giao, neu xa hoi khai thae het, nhung khong COnghlalagiao hoi bi cim motruong " ° ^= 8°P P * ' ^ ' ™ ' ^ " ^ ^ ' « " ' » a o diic Viet hoc va rd rang cac trudng eiia tdn giao yong do cd Nam hien nay./.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. Luu Dinh A (1993), Hay cdnh gidc cude chiin tranh the gidi khdng ed tieng siing, NXB Khoa hoc xa hdi
[2]. Ban Tuyen huan TW bien soan (1977), Gido trinh Tnmg cdp, NXB Mac-Lenin.
[3], V.Lenm (1972), Todn tap, tap 15, NXB Su That.
[4]. C.Mac (1976), "Phe phan Tri8t hoc phap quyen ciia Heghen", Mac va chu nghTa Mdc, NXB Tien Bd, Moc (tieng Nga), 11.
[5]. Mdc- Anghen vd chu nghTa Mdc, NXB Tien Bd, Moe. (tieng Nga).
[6] Maxreadmg, "Cac trudng tdn giao", "Dire Tdng Giam muc David M. O'Connel", https://www.
maxreading eom/sach-hay/giao-duc-dat-hoc-va-cao-dang-o-boa-ky/cae-truong-ton-giao-35770.html.
[7]. Biii Dire Sinh (1972), Lich su Gido hdi, Sai Gdn xuat ban [8]. Thdnh Cdng ddng Vatican 2, Giao hoang Hoc vien xuat ban 1972 [9]. Thu Giam muc Dinh Dire Dao gui thay ed giao nhan ngay 20/01/2014
[10]. Thu Giam muc Dmh Diic Dao gui hgc sinh sinh vien nhan nam hgc mdi 2014-2015 [11]. Pham Huy Thdng (tuyen chgn va gidi thieu) (2004), Chii tich Hd Chi Minh vdi ddng bdo Cdng gido, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia.
[12] Vdn hen Hdi nghi BCHTW Idn thit 7 khda IX, NXB Chinh yi Quoe gia (2004).
[13]. Vdn kien Dai hdi dgi bieu Ddng todn qudc Idn thit XII, NXB Chinh tri Quoe gia 2016.
[14] Vien nghien cim tdn gido (1994). Nhiing vdn de tdn gido hien nay, NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi.
RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS, INCLUDING THE CATHOLIC ONES, IN CULTIVATING VIETNAM'S EDUCATION
Abstract
On 18/11/2016 Religion Law was passed by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Viehiam, and it came into effect since 01/01/2018 On 18/01/2018, the Polities Ministry issued the Directive No. 18-CT/TW on continuing to praeyce tiie Resolution No 25-NQ/TW signed by the Central Committee, Term IX on religion tasks in the new context, which confirmed "Religion is one of the country's resources". Accordingly, this article identifies Catholics is one resource, a potential for uylization m education socialization. Thus, the article addresses the viewpoints of Vietnam Communist Party, Ho Chi Minh's thoughts, and the Government's policies on religion and roles of religious schools, including the Catholic ones, which have made contributions to education development in many developed countries and Vietnam's education cultivation.
Keywords: Party views. State policies. Catholic education, Viehiam education
