THL/C TRANG VA MOT SO GIAI PHAP PHONG, CHONG THAM N H O N G 0 VIET NAM HIEN NAY
ThS NGUYIN VAN HUNG (*) Tdm tat: Tham nhung va diu tranh phdng, chdng tham nhung ludn nhan dQdc sQ quan tam die biet cua cac qud'e gia tren the gidi. 6 Viet Nam, tham nhung dQdc nhin didn li mpt qudc^^
nan, mpt trong bd'n nguy cd lam suy glim niem tin cua nhin din vao Dang, Nhi nUdc vi chd dp xa hdi chu nghla; cong tic phdng, chong tham nhung dUdc xic dinh la cupc diu tranh lau dai, khd khan va phQc tap. Bai viet phan tich, danh gia thUc trang vi dQa ra mpt sd giai phap nham nang cao hidu qua cdng tac dau tranh phong, chdng tham nhung trong thdi gian tdi.
TUkhoa: Doi mdi; phdng, chdng tham nhung; Viet Nam.
Abstract: Corruption and anti-corruption are matters that always receive special attention of the countries around the world. In Vietnam, corruption has been identified as a national prob- lem, one of the four threats that undermine people's confidence in the Party, State, and social- ist regime; Anti-corruption has been identified as a long, difficult, and complicated struggle. This article analyzes and assesses current situation and gives some solutions to improve the effec- tiveness of anti-corruption practices in the upcoming time.
Keywords: Reform; anti-corruption; Vietnam.
Ngiy nhin bai: 24/3/2020 Ngiy bien tip: 24/4/2020 Ngay duyet dang: 25/5/2020 10 chUdng vdi 96 diiu. Chinh phu da chi dao tdng cUdng kilm tra vd to chdc thpc hien nghiem cac bien phdp PCTN nhU: d l cao tinh liem chinh trong khu vyc cdng, thuc hien hieu qua cdng tac ke khai vd cdng khai tdi san, thu nhap ciJa can bg, cdng chyc... Vi vgy, ehi so CPI cua Viet Nam nam 2019 dgt 37/100 diem, tang 4 diem so vdi nam 2018, dUngthU 96/180 quoc gia, vung lanh tho trong bang xep hang todn cau, tdng 21 bac so vdi nam 2018.
Day Id mUc diem cao nhat ma To chdc Minh bgch the gidi ddnh gia doi vdi Viet Nam va Id ndm cd mQc tdng diem cao nhat tU trQdc d i n nay; cung Id sU khang djnh nhQng ket qua tich eye trong cdng tac PCTN d Viet Nam.
1. Thyc trang cong tac phong, chong tham nhung d Viet Nam
Theo so lieu do To chUe Minh bgch the gidi (Tl) cdng bd, Ghi sd cam nhan tham nhung (CPI) cua Viet Nam trong nhQng ndm gan ddy dd tdng len, the hien mot chi bdo tich cue doi vdi cdc nd lye cua Dang vd Nhd nudc ta trong cdng tdc phdng, ehdng tham nhung (PCTN). Cu the, nam 2018, Viet Nam dgt 33/100 diim, xep hang 117/180 todn cau.
Trong nam 2018, Dang va Nhd nudc da cd nhieu no IUc day mgnh cdng tac PCTN, dien hinh la viec nhanh chdng, kien quylt xQ ly cdc vu dn tham nhung Idn va hoan thien khudn kho phap ly v l PCTN. Thdng 11/2018, Qud'c hpi dd thdng qua Lugt Phdng, chong tham nhQng (sQa doi) gom
(*) Vien Xay di/ng Dang, Hgc vipn Chinh trj qudc gia Hd Chi Minh
NhQng ket qua neu tren the hien quye't tam chinh trj cung vdi nhQng hanh dgng quyet liet, thpc hien nhQng giai phap hieu qua cua Dang va Nha nudc, cua ca he thd'ng chinh trj tU Trung UPng tdi dia phUdng trong cong tac PCTN. Gu the, Ban Ghi dgo Trung uPng ve phdng, chong
®
To chuc nha nuoc so 5/2020tham nhung dupc thanh lap "vdi mong mud'n day manh edng tae phdng, ehdng tham nhung thdm mdt budc""'. Trong nhiem ky Dgi hdi DBTQ lan thd XI, cd 56.572 dang vien bi xd ly ky lugt, trong dd cd 16.259 cap uy vien cdc cap. Uy ban Kilm tra Trung Udng da tien hanh kilm tra 13 to chQc ddng vd 33 dang vien.
Qua kiem tra, k i t ludn eae to chQc ddng, dang vien d l u co khuylt diim, vi phgm, trong dd de nghj thi hdnh ky lugt bang hinh thUc khien trach 3 td chUc dang, thi hdnh ky lugt 13 dang vien (khien trach 7, canh cao 6). Uy ban kilm tra cdc dja phuong, ddn vj da kiem tra 15.898 to chUe dang vd 55.217 dang vien, trong dd so to chUe dang cd vi phgm Id 10.478, phdi thi hdnh ky ludt 791 to ehQc dang; so dang vien CO vi phgm la 42.757, trong dd phai thi hdnh ky lugt 20.344 trUdng hpp'='.
TU dau nhiem ky Dai hdi DBTQ lan thd Xll eua Dang den cudi ndm 2018, Ban Chap hanh Trung ddng, Bp Chinh trj. Ban Bi thu da ban hdnh 45 nghi quye't, chi thj, quy djnh, k i t ludn v l edng tac xdy dpng, chlnh don Dang vd phdng, chdng tham nhung; Qud'c hdi, Uy ban Thudng vy Quoc hdi da thdng qua, ban hdnh 45 ludt, phap lenh, 46 nghj quylt; Ghinh phu da ban hdnh 511 nghj djnh, 413 nghi quylt, 160 quylt djnh nham nang cao hieu lye, hieu qud quan ly nhd nUde tren cdc ITnh vyc cua ddi sdng xa hpi, gdp phan phdng ngUa tidu cyc, tham nhung; da thi hdnh ky ludt 53.306 dang vien vdi hdn 60 cdn bd thupe dien Trung Udng quan ly, trong dd cd 16 Uy vien Trung Udng Dang, nguyen Uy vien Trung Udng Dang, trong dd cd cd Uy vidn Bd Ghinh trj'^'.
Trong nam 2019, cdng tae PCTN da cd budc tien mgnh me vdi nhilu ehu truong, gidi phap dot phd, di vdo chilu sau, do do tham nhung dUdc kilm c h i , tQng bude ngan chgn vd ed chilu hudng thuyen giam, gdp phan quan trgng glQ vOng on djnh chinh trj, phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi, ndng cao uy tin vd vj t h i cDa nudc ta tren trUdng qudc t l . Noi bat la dly mgnh vlec xdy dpng, hoan thien t h i che tren cdc ITnh vyc ddi sdng: "Gy t h i Id Trung UOng, Bp Chinh tri, Ban Bi thU da ban hanh gan 30 van bdn v l xdy dyng Dang, he thd'ng chinh tri vd PCTN. Qudc hpl da thdng qua 18 ludt, 20 nghi quye't; Ghinh phu, Thu tudng
Ghinh phu da ban hanh 100 nghj dinh, 119 nghi quylt, 37 quye't djnh, 33 ehi thj. NhU vdy, tinh ty dau nhiem ky Dai hgi DBTQ lan thU Xll d i n nay, da thi hanh ky lugt hdn 90 cdn bg thudc dien Trung UPng quan ly, trong dd cd 21 ddng chi Uy vien Trung Udng Dang, nguyen Uy vien Trung UOng Dang (2 Dy vien Bd Chinh trj), 22 sT quan cap tUdng trong Ipc lUdng vu trang"'"'. NhQng thang dau ndm 2020, Ban Chi dgo Trung UOng v l PCTN yeu cau tap trung dua ra xet xQ sd tham 10 vy an nghiem trpng, phUc tap dyyc du ludn xa hpi quan tam.
Cd the khang djnh rang, cdng tac PCTN d Viet Nam da dat dupe nhQng k i t qua ddng ghi nhdn; ngn tham nhung da bj ngan ehan, day lui; niem tin cua nhdn ddn vdo sy lanh dgo cua Ddng, sy qudn ly cua Nhd nudc dupe ndng len. Gd the khdi quat mdt sd ddc dllm cija cdng tac PCTN d Viet Nam nhU sau:
- Khdng cd vung cam, khdng cd ddc quyen, khdng cd ngogi le, khdng chju sy tde ddng khdng dung ciJa bat ky cd nhdn, to chUe ndo;
- Ldm tUng bUdc, rd d i n dau xii ly den dd;
- Nhdn dan vd ca he thd'ng chinh trj vdo cupc;
- Nhdn vdn, phye vu phat trien kinh t l - xd hpi;
Lay phdng ngUa Id chinh, cO ban, phat hien, xQ ly Id quan trpng, cap bdch.
Ben egnh k i t qua dgt dupc, cdng tdc PCTN d Viet Nam vdn edn mpt so han che nhU: cdng tdc tuyen truyen, giao dye v l PCTN hieu qua chUa cao, hien tUdng phai hoi Id, bdi trdn hogc tac dpng bang hlnh thUe khae de dupc thudn Ipi hpn trong giai quylt cdng viec cdn pho bien; mdt sd cd c h i , chfnh sach cdn thie'u chat che, chua phu hpp vdl thpe t i l n ; thpc thi phap luat cd luc, cd ndi chua nghiem. Cdng tdc to chUe, cdn bg, kilm soat tdi sdn, thu nhdp cdn nhieu han che, vUdng mac; van d l phdt hien, xQ ly tham nhung chua dap Ung ydu cau, nhd't Id tU phdt hidn, xQ ly tham nhOng trong ngi bp...
2. Mot SO giai phap nang cao hieu qud cong tac phong, chdng tham nhung d Vi#t Nam
D l ndng cao hieu qud cdng tdc PCTN trong thdi gian tdi, can tnIn khai thpe hien mpt sd gidi phap sau:
To chuc nha nuoc so 5/2020
®
Mdt la. glQ vQng nen tang tUtUdng, thudng xuyen giio due chu nghTa Mic - Lenin, tQ tQdng Hd Chf Minh, dQdng Idi, ehu trQdng cua Dang, chinh sich, phip luit cua Nhi nUdc, nhiem vu va yeu eau dit ra doi vdl can bp, dang vidn trong tQng giai doan each mang.
Chi cd ndm vOng chu nghTa Mdc - Lenin, tU tudng Ho Chi Minh vd dUdng Idi each mgng CLia Ddng mdi bao ddm cho cdn bp, dang vien xae djnh dung myc tieu, ly tudng, trung thdnh tuyet ddi vdi Dang, To qud'c vd Nhan ddn.
Thyc hien gido dye liem chinh, day mgnh cong tdc thdng tin, tuyen truyen v l phdng, chdng tham nhOng: "Liem" Id ludn ludn tdn trpng gid gin cua cdng vd eua ddn; trong sgch, khdng tham lam dja vi, tien cCia, danh tieng, khdng cay quyln t h i md dye khoet, dn cua ddn, dim dap ngUdi gidi, de giQ dja vj va danh tilng cua minh. "Chinh" Id thing than, dQng dan. Ddi vdi minh: khdng tp cao, ty dai, ludn ehiu khd hpc tap cau tiln bg, ludn kiem diem minh de phat huy diiu hay, sQa doi nhQng khuyet diem. Ddi vdi ngUdi: khdng njnh hot ngudi tren, xem khinh ngudi dudi, ludn giQ thai dp chdn thanh, khiem ton, doan kit, khdng ddi tra, IQa Ipc. loi vdi viec: dgt viec cdng len tren viec tu, lam vlec gi cung phai den ndi, den chon, khdng nggi khd, nguy hilm, co gdng lam viec td't cho ddn, cho nudc.
Hai la, col trong giao due, ren luyen dao dQc each mang cua can bp, dang vien.
Cd tham nhuan dao dUc cdch mang, can bp, dang vien mdi giQ gin dupe loi sdng trong sgch, kien quyet dau tranh vdi chu nghTa ed nhan, cO hpi, thpc dyng va mgi te nan xa hgi.
Chinh pham chat chinh trj, dao dUc, loi song cua cdn bg, dang vien la sQc "de khang"
mgnh me chdng Igi mgi suy thodi, biln chat.
Nghi quyet Hdi nghj Trung UPng lan thU 4 khda XI va Nghi quylt Hdi nghi Trung UPng lan thU 4 khda Xll cua Dang da chi ro nhQng bieu hien suy thoai ye tU tudng chinh tri, dgo dUc, Idi sdng, "tU diln bien", "tu chuyin hda"
cua can bo, dang vien vd nhQng giai phdp cd ban de khlc phue, ngdn ngUa. Trong tinh hlnh hien nay, eung vdi viec thpc hien quye't liet cdc giai phdp neu tren, can bo sung them nhOng bien phap, nhOng each Idm mdi, thiet thyc. Doi mdi cdng tae quan ly, ke khai tdi
san cua dang vien ddi vdi chi bd; tang cddng cdc bien phdp gido dye, kilm tra, gif"'^ _ edn bd, ddng vien. N l u nhU nhUng bieu hign
"lech chuan", sy suy thodi v l dgo dQc, loi sdng sdm dupc phat hien, ehan chinh tU ndi dang vien cdng tdc, thi sU tha hda, tham nhung se dupe ngdn chdn kip thdi.
Ba la, xae dinh tieu ehi va thUc hidn ed hieu qui npi dung xiy dung Ding ve dao dQc, kit^
hdp hieu qui vlec thUc hien Nghj quydt Hpl nghi Trung Udng lan thQ 4 (khda XI) va Nghj quyet Hpi nghi Trung Qdng lin thQ 4 khda Xll eija Dang gan vdi vlec thQc hien Chi thi sd 05- CT/TW ve "Diy manh hoc tip vi lim theo tQ tudng, dao dUc, pfiong cich Ho Chi Minh".
Ndi dung xdy dyng Dang ve dgo dQc bao gdm toan bd cac hogt ddng, tU giao dye can bd, dang vien v l dgo dUc cdch mgng, kien quylt chdng chij nghTa cd nhdn vd dau tranh phdng, chdng tham nhung, lang phi, xd ly theo phap ludt vd ky luat dang ddi vdi cdn bp, dang vien vi pham; ren luyen lap trudng quan diem, boi dudng tU tUdng, ly tudng cdch mgng, nang cao y thUe tu dudng, ren luyen vd thpc hdnh dgo dUe, loi sdng theo chuan myc tam gUPng dgo dUe Hd Chi Minh cho dpi ngu can bg, dang vien, den xdy dpng tieu chuan dgo dUc eua cdn bd, ddng vien, cy t h i hda thdnh tieu chuan dgo ddc nghi nghiep, dao dUc cdng vu; phdt huy tinh tien phong gUdng mdu, tinh than trdch nhiem cua cdn bd, dang vidn... Nghi quylt Hdi nghj Trung Udng lan thU 4 (khda XI) vd Nghi quyet Hpi nghj Trung UPng lan thd 4 khda XII cQa Dang chi phdt huy hieu qua neu mdi can bg, ddng vien va cd quan, dPn vj kien tri, kien quye't tQng budc dau tranh de ngan chdn, da'y lui sU suy thoai v l tU tUdng ehinh trj, dao dUc, loi sdng.
Bdn la, cac cap uy, to chQc dang cin chu trong cdng tie kiem tra, glim sat vide thUe hien cam ket cua ein bp, dang vien d dia phUdng, cd quan, ddn vl.
TQng to chUc cd sd dang can hoan thien va thuc hien nghiem quy dinh ve trdch nhiem neu gUPng cija cdn bg, dang vien, trudc hit la ciJa bi thu cap uy cdc cap. Tie'p tuc doi mdi ngi dung, hinh thQc, ndng cao chat lupng sinh hogt chi bd; d l cao tinh than tu pheblnh vd
O
To chnrc nha nuoc so 5/2020ph§ b i n h , k h a e p h y e tlnh t r g n g ne n a n g , ne tranh, n g a i d l u tranh vdi nhQng b i e u h i e n vi phgm. D o n g t h d i , cd c d ehe b a o v e , k h u y e n khfch n g u d i d d m da'u tranh, b a o d d m n g a n chgn kjp t h d i m g i bieu hien "ty d i e n b i e n " , " t y chuyen h d a " ngay tQ c d s d . C d n g t d c k i l m tra, giam sdt cQa D a n g c a n tich eye, c h u d g n g vd kjp thdi b l s u n g nhOng npi d u n g phu h d p ; phoi h p p c h a t ehe vdi e d n g tae b a o ve chinh trj ndi bd trong phdt h i e n , xQ ly c d n b g , d a n g vien vi p h g m . TQng c a p u y , to c h d c d a n g , u y ban k i l m tra edc c a p nam rd t h y c t r a n g v a nguy cP c d a tinh hinh "ty d i l n b i l n " , "ty c h u y i n h d a " ngay trong to chUc m i n h ; kjp t h d i phdt hien s d m v d n g a n c h d n hieu q u d m p i b i l u hidn vi p h g m . T d n g cUdng hdn nOa vai trd, hieu q u d hogt d d n g c i j a Ban Chi d a o Trung UPng v l p h d n g , c h d n g t h a m n h u n g , cde CO quan ndi c h i n h , Oy ban k i e m tra cac cap cung nhU cdc cP q u a n p h d p luat.
Ve cdn bd v d c d n g tac c a n b d , D d n g ta da ludn khang djnh: c d n g tdc c a n bp la k h a u then chot c u a c d n g tdc xdy d p n g D a n g v d he thong chinh tri. C u p c d a u t r a n h P C T N c d thdnh c d n g vQng c h a c hay k h d n g phy t h u d c mpt phan quan t r g n g v d o viec c d Idm tdt c d n g tac cdn bd hay k h d n g . Vi v d y , t r o n g t h d i gian tdi can t h y c hien n g h i e m Q u y l t djnh so 2 0 5 - QDn"W ngdy 23/9/2019 e u a B d Ghinh trj ve k i l m sodt q u y l n luc trong c o n g tac c a n bp v d ehdng c h a y chUc, c h a y q u y l n .
Nam la, phat huy vai trd tfch cue eua bio chi, truyen thdng, kiem scat, quan iy tdt cac hoat dpng bio chi, xuit bin, internet va mang xa hpi.
Phdt huy vai t r d , t r d c h n h i d m ci^ia cdc c d quan bdo chi, t r u y i n t h d n g trong d a u t r a n h vdi cac ludn d i e u thu djch, sai t r a i , p h d n g , chong "ty d i l n b i l n " , "ty c h u y i n h d a " . G d c cO quan bdo chi, t r u y e n t h d n g phai p h a n a n h trung t h y c , kjp t h d i , g d p p h a n d u a chinh s a c h phdp ludt c i j a D a n g v d Nha n u d c v a o c u p c song va la kenh t h d n g tin q u a n t r g n g p h a t hien nhQng m a t tieu c y c trong xa h d i , nhOng bieu hien suy thodi eua c a n b p , d d n g v i e n , cong chdc, v i e n chUc. B e n c a n h d o , b a o ehi, truyen t h d n g d d n g vai trd g i d m sdt va p h a n bien xa hpi; n d n g cao hieu q u a t u y e n t r u y i n , neu gUdng ngudi tot, vide tot, la'y n h a n to tich cue d l d a y lui t i e u eye, chu t r p n g viee gido
d u e d g o dQc b a n g c d c h n e u gPdng c d a c a n b p , d a n g v i e n , t h y c hien n g h i e m Q u y dinh s d 0 8 - Q D i n " W n g a y 2 5 / 1 0 / 2 0 1 8 c u a B a n G h d ' p h a n h T r u n g Udng quy djnh traeh nhiem neu gUdng c u a c a n bg,^dang v i e n , t r u d c h i t la Oy v i e n Bp C h i n h trj, Uy v i e n Ban B i thU, Oy v i e n B a n G h d p h d n h T r u n g Udng.
Sau la, hoin thidn chinh saeh tien IQdng va che dp dii ngp de tQng bQdc nang cao ddi sdng vit ehit. tinh thin va Idi ich thiet thin cua dpi ngu ein bp, dang vien.
B a o d a m thu n h g p , t i e n lUPng tUPng xUng vdi s y d d n g g d p , phu h p p vdi c d n g sQc, tri tue c u a m d i ngQdi da e d n g h i l n ; t h y c hien day m g n h cdi c d c h t i l n lUPng, thu n h d p , chinh s d c h n h d d b d o d a m c u d e sd'ng cho c a n b d , d a n g v i e n , c o n g c h d c d l g d p p h a n P C T N . N g o a i s p nd Ipc v u d n len c u a bdn t h d n m d i c a n b g , d a n g v i e n , c d n g chUc, vien c h d c thi t r d c h n h i e m c i j a c a p uy d a n g , chinh q u y e n , ngUdi dUng d a u c d q u a n , ddn vj cdc c a p phai that s y q u a n t a m d e n dieu kien lam viec, thu nhdp va c u g c s d n g cho h p . C h d n g ddc q u y l n , ddc Idi, d o n g t h d i c d nhQng chfnh s d c h , quy djnh c h e do khen t h u d n g ea v l vat cha't va tinh t h a n , b d o d a m c d n g khai, dan c h u , edng b a n g giQa cdc c a p q u d n ly c a n bg va glQa c d n b g , e d n g chUc vdi n h a n d a n . / .
G h i c h u :
(1) Phat bleu cua Tong Bi thd Nguydn Phu Trgng tai phien hop thQ nhit Ban Chi d^o Trung Qdng ve phong. chong tham nhung, ngay 04/02/2013.
(2) Uy ban Kiem tra Trung UPng, 70 nim truyen thd'ng nganh Kiem tra Dang (1948 - 2018), Nxb Thdng tin va Truyen thdng, H.2018, tr.286 - 287
(3) Phat bleu cija Tong Bi thd, Chu tjeh nQdc Nguydn Phu Trong tai phidn hop thQ 15 Ban Chi dao Trung Qdng ve phdng. chdng tham nhung, ngay 21/01/2019.
(4) Phat bleu cua Tdng Bi thd, Chu tich nQdc Nguydn Phu Trong tai phien hop thQ 17 cua Ban Chi dao Trung Qdng ve phong, chdng tham nhung ngay 15/01/2020 danh gia kit qui hoat dpng nam 2019 va de ra phQdng hUdng, nhidm vij trong tim cdng tie PCTN nam 2020.
To chUc nhd nuoc so 5/2020
