CONC TAC KIEM SAT
KINH NGHIEM XET HOI CUA KIEM SAT VIEN TAI PHIEN TOA PHUC THAM VU AN THAM NHUNG
HOANG MINH THANH*
Tir thurc ti^n cdng tdc thuc hdnh quyin cdng to va kilm sat x^t xa cua Vifn Idem sdt nhan dan cap cao tai Ha Noi doi vdi cdc vu dn tham nhung, nhat la cac vu dn do Ban Chi dao Trung uwng ve phong, c h i n g tham nhung theo doi, chi dao, bai viit chia se m$t so kinh nghifm vd ky nang xet hoi cua Kiem sat vien t^i phien tda phuc tham.
Tie khda: Phdng, chong tham nhiing; xet xir phiic thdm; ky ndng xet hdi cua Kiem sdt viin tgi phiin tda.
Nhgn bdi: 08/8/2019; bien tgpxong: 26/8/2019; duyet bdi: 19/9/2019.
Trong nhiing nam gdn day, cdng tac ddu tranh phdng, chdng tham nhiing da d u g c Lanh dao Dang, Nha nude quan tam chi dao quyet liet, nhieu vu viec, vu an ve tham nhung, kinh te, chiic vu nghiem trpng, phiic tap; ke cd nhiing vu viSc tdn tai tir nhieu nam trudc da dugc phdt hien, xir ly nghiem minh, cdng khai, dung phdp ludt, vdi tieu chi "khdng cd vimg cdm", d u p e du ludn va nhan dan ddng tinh, ung hd.
Thyc tien gidi quyet cac vu an tham nhiing trong thdi gian gan day cho thay, nhiing vu an tham nhung thuc hien do Ban chi dao Trung u a n g theo doi chi dao la nhiing vu an cd tinh chat dac biet nghiem trpng, trong do nhieu vu dai an lien quan den nhiing can bg cao cap cua
Dang va Nhd nude pham tdi do tham nhung, sd tien ciia Nha nude bi that thoat hoac bi chiem doat dac biet Idn, len den hdng ngan ti ddng.
Trong pham vi bdi viet nay, chiing tdi de cap thyc tien hoat dgng ciia Vien kiem sat nhan dan cap eao tai Ha Ndi ddi vdi cac vu an tham nhiing, qua dd neu len mdt sd kinh nghiem va ky nang xet hdi cua Kiem sdt vien (KSV) ddi vdi cac vu an tham nhiing do Ban chi dao Trung uang theo ddi, chi dao gdp phan nang cao chat lugng thyc hanh quyen cdng td va kiem sat xet xii phiic thdm cac dn tham nhiing trong thdi gian tdi.
* TiSn si Vien thuc hanh quyen cdng to va iiiem sat xet xtr cdc vu in hinh su; Vien kiem s^t nhSn dan cip cao tai Ha Ndi.
Sd 19 (thang 10/2019] \
Tap chi _KIEM SAT
11
CONC TAC MEM SAT
1. K e t q u d cong tdc ddu t r a n h p h o n g , chdng t h a m nhiing cua Vien kiem sat n h a n ddn c a p cao t^i H a Ndi
Theo Bao cao chuyen de thu hdi tai sdn trong cdc vu an tham nhiing, kinh te cua Vien kiem sat nhdn dan cap cao sd 100 ngay 05/6/2019, trong thdi gian tir ngdy 01/12/2008 d i n ngay 31/5/2019, Vien kiem sdt nhan dan cap cao tai Ha Ndi da thy ly xet xu phiic tham 43 vu/132 hi cdo khdng cdo theo thii tuc phuc tham lien quan den an tham nhiing, kinh tL Trong dd: Tdi tham d tai sdn (Dieu 278) Id 14 vu/62 bi cao; Tgi nhan hdi Id (Dieu 279) la 03 vu/20 bi cdo; Tdi lam dung chiic vu, quyen ban chiem doat tai san (Dieu 280) la 06 vu/10 bi cdo; Tdi Igi dung chirc vu, quyen han trong khi thi hanh cdng vu (Diiu 281) la 9 vu/24 bi cao; Tdi lam quyen trong khi thi hdnh cdng vu (Dieu 282) la 06 vu/11 bi cdo; Tgi gia mao trong edng tdc (Dieu 284) Id 01 vu/03 hi cao...
Cung theo Bdo cdo tren, sd tdi san hi chiem doat vd bi thiet hai trong cac vu an tham nhiing la tren 496 ti ddng, trong dd:
s i tiin gay thiet hai bi phdt hien la tren 102 ti ddng; sd tiin chiSm doat hi phat hien Id tren 394 ti ddng. Trong dd cac vy an tham nhiing do Ban chi dao Trung u o n g ve phdng, chdng tham nhiing theo doi, ehi dao gdm cd: Vu dn Dinh La Thang cung cae ddng pham pham cdc tdi:
Cd y lam trai cdc quy dinh ciia nhd nude ve quan ly kinh te gay hau qud nghiem trgng, nhan hdi Id... gay that thoat tren 13 ti ddng; vu an Ha Van Tham va cac ddng pham bi truy td, xet xii ve cdc tdi: Cd y Idm trai cdc quy dinh eiia nhd nude ve qudn ly kinh te gdy hau qud nghiem trpng.
tham d tdi san, nhdn hdi Id... chiem doat va gay thiet hai tren 246 ti ddng; vu an Trinh Xuan Thanh pham cdc tgi: Cd y lam trai cac quy dinh cua nhd nude ve qudn ly kinh te gay hau qud nghiem trgng, tham d tdi sdn, chiem doat hon 49 ti d i n g ; vu an Phan Van VTnh cimg d i n g pham pham cdc tdi Dua hdi Id, Lgi dyng ehiic vu, quyen han trong khi thi hanh cdng vu xdy ra tai Phii Thg; vu dn Phan Van Anh Vii cimg cdc ddng pham...
Tda dn nhan dan cap cao tai Ha Ngi da xet xir 43 vu/132 bi cdo, tdng sd tien cdc bi cao gay thiet hai vd chiem doat la tren 505 ti d i n g , da thu h i i d giai doan phuc thdm la tren 9 ti ddng.
2. K i n h nghifm xet hdi ddi vdi cac vu dn t h a m n h u n g tai phien tda phiic t h a m De xet xii phuc tham dat ket qua tdt ddi vdi cac vu an tham nhiing do Ban ehi dao Trung uong v i phdng, chdng tham nhiing theo ddi, chi dao, KSV dugc phdn cdng thuc hdnh quyen cdng td va kiem sdt xet xir phiic thdm can thuc hien cdc edng viec sau ddy:
- Nghiin cuu ky hd so vu dn: Day la diem mau chdt va danh gid sy thdnh cdng trong giai quyet vu an (chiem 50%), trong dd, can chii trpng den cdc tai lieu, chung cii lien quan den hanh vi pham tdi, xdc dinh dugc nhiing chiing cii ndo la chiing cir budc tgi, chimg cii nao la chimg eii go tdi, cdc tinh tiet tang nang, gidm nhe ciia hi cdo; nghien ciiu ky cdc khdng cdo ciia hi cdo v i ndi dung gi de chuan bj cac cau xet hdi tai phien tda. Dac biet, KSV can nghien ciiu ky bien ban phien tda so thdm d i ddnh gid diin bi6n ciia phien tda, ciing nhu nhiing vdn de hi cao, Ludt su neu ra
! T a p c h i
1 2 I KIEM SAT /so19(thang1(V2019)
CONG TAC KIEM SAT
trong phien tda sa thdm d i cd hudng nghien eiru hgp ly.
Ddi vdi cdc vu an tham nhung do Ban chi dao Trung u o n g ve phdng, chdng tham nhiing theo ddi thudng la nhiing vy an p h u c tap, lien quan d i n nhiing cdn bp cao cap, lien quan den cdc ITnh vyc kinh te, dat dai, tin dung ngan hang..., hd sa gdm hang ngan biit luc, nhung thdi han nghien eiiu d giai doan phuc tham chi cd 20 ngay, nen KSV can phai nghien ciiu nhiing van de trpng tam, c i t loi ciia vu an; ddng thdi ehu trpng d i n cac ndi dung khang cao, khang nghi. Kiem sdt vien nen lien he vdi Vien kiem sdt nhdn dan tham gia xet xir s o thdm de m u g n hd so kiem sdt ddi vdi vu dn do, han che phd td tdi lieu de tap trung vdo nghien ciiu; trao ddi vdi KSV, Dieu tra vien cua cdp so tham nhiing van de chinh cua vu an, nhiing van de cdn vudng mac, khd khan, dae biet la nhirng ngi dung ma hi cdo, Ludt su tranh tung tai cap so thdm de ed phuong dn tra ldi, ciing nhu nghien ciiu ky de chuan bi cho phien tda phiic tham.
- Chudn bi ky cdc cau hoi thdm vdn:
Kiem sat vien cdn chuan bi eau hdi tham vdn va cau hdi phdi cu the, sat vdi ndi dung vu an cung nhu cdc khdng cao, khdng nghi, trong dd chii trgng den cac cau hdi ve hanh vi pham tdi cua bi cao, nguyen nhdn pham tdi, tdi san tham nhiing, kha nang khac phuc de dugc hudng khoan hdng... de tir do phan loai, danh gid tinh chat miic do cua tdi pham, eiing nhu ea the hda hanh vi pham tdi ciia tirng bi cdo. Cac cau hdi dy kien tham van nay can dugc Lanh dao Vien duyet trudc khi phien tda dien ra nham ndng cao hon
chdt lupng tham van ciing nhu sdt vdi ndi dung vu an vd gidi quy8t cdc khang cdo, khdng nghi.
- D^ kien cdc ngi dung tranh tung: Ddy Id ndi dung quan trpng trong phien tda phiic thdm ndi chung, dac biet trong phien tda xet xu an tham nhiing ndi rieng. Ndi dung nay se danh gid vai trd ciia KSV tai phien tda de bdo ve quan diem truy td eua cap so tham, ciing nhu can cir budc tdi.
Ddi vdi nhiing y kien ciia Luat su, KSV cdn tranh tung, giai thich, lap ludn de thuyet phuc, d u g c Hdi ddng xet xii (HDXX) chap nhdn cung nhu du ludn ddng tinh, img hp. Cd nhu vay, vai trd cua Vien kiem sdt tai phien tda phiic tham mdi thanh edng. Do dd, KSV cdn chuan bi ky, dy kien cdc ndi dung tranh tung, cd trpng tam, trpng diem budc bi cao phai tam phuc, khau phuc, ddng thai bac bd nhiing y kien khdng cd can cii ciia Luat su.
- Xdc dinh tinh chdt phuc tgp cua timg v\i dn tham nhiing de cd du&ng loi, cdch thicc xet hdi hgp ly: Ddi vdi cdc vu an tham nhung do Ban chi dao Trung uong ve phdng, chdng tham nhiing trye tiep chi dao cho thay tinh chat nghiem trpng, phiic tap cua vu an, dugc du ludn xa hgi, bao chi quan tam, KSV can chu ddng tranh tung ddi vdi timg van de hoac nhdm van de, trong dd, can chii y tdng hgp cac y kien ciia Luat su bdo chiia, bi cao. Neu cd y kien tra ldi thi ghi ngay vao ben eanh nhiing ndi dung de tranh tung hoac gidi thich... Viec ddi dap, tranh tung tren c a sd khach quan, dung trinh ty td tung, dien bien ciia phien tda. Nhiing ndi dung nao tra ldi dugc hoac cd trpng tam thi nen lya chpn tranh tung trudc, ndi dung nao phiic
So19(thang1(V2019)\
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 1 3
CONC TAC KIEM SAT
tap thi nen van dung tai lieu, tham khdo y kien cua ddng nghiep cung tham gia phien tda hoac bd phan trg giup (phdi hgp vdi Dieu tra vien, KSV cua cdp so thdm).
3 . K y ndng xet hdi cua Kiem sdt viSn doi vol cdc vu an t h a m n h u n g tai phiSn tda phiic t h a m
Tren co sd du kien cdc cau hdi tham van da dugc Lanh dao Vi^n duyet trudc do, trong timg vu an tham nhiing cu t h i , KSV cdn cd ky nang sau:
- Ky ndng ghi chip edu hdi vd trd l&i:
Kiem sdt vien can tap trung chii y Idng nghe, ghi chep nhiing cau hdi cua thdnh vien HDXX va cau trd ldi cua cac hi cdo de tir dd ddi chieu vdi dy k i i n thdm vdn xem cd trung lap hoac da hdi va tra ldi rdi thi gach cheo hoac ddnh dau de khdng hdi lai, tranh tning lap gdy mat thdi gian, dnh hudng den chdt lugng tham van ciia KSV.
~ Ky ndng xet hdi: Khi den phdn xet hdi, ngoai nhirng cau hdi dy kiin, KSV cdn hdi them nhiing npi dung ma trudc dd bi cdo khai ra trudc HDXX de xdc dinh lai quan diem danh gid ve vu an, vai trd eua bi cao cung nhu phuc vy ket ludn ve vu an, dam bao cd can cii, diing td tung, nhung phu hop tinh hudng tai phien tda phiic thdm.
Kiem sat vien cd the xet hdi cdc van de chua rd, ngodi dy kien tham van.
-•Chiin thugt xet hdi: Chien thuat xet hdi ddi vdi timg bi cdo trong timg vy an phai khdc nhau, tiiy theo dac diSm, tinh chat ciia timg vu an de quyet dinh viec thdm vdn ai trudc, ai sau, cdch hdi nhu the nao? Trong trudng hgp cdn thiit, KSV can chu dpng trao ddi vdi thanh vien HDXX nen hdi ai trudc, ai sau, hdi nhtmg
ndi dung gi, nham dam bdo hoat ddng td tung cung nhu tranh vice phdn cung, chdi tdi ciia cac bi cdo...
- Trinh tu xit hoi: Kiem sdt vien cdn xet hdi d i i vdi nhiing hi cdo thdnh khan khai bdo tnrdc va cdn hdi ky cdc bi cdo do ve tiing ngi dung cy the doi vdi khdng cdo; sau dd, tiip tuc thdm vdn hi cao liSn quan den bi cdo khdc, dac biet la cdc bi cdo keu oan, chdi tdi. Cd mdt sd ndi dung hdi nhu: Xdc nhan nhijng sy kien cd lien quan, sy gap mat, cd ldi khai ve ngi dung nao dd hoac cd sy kien gi diin ra md cd su cd mat cua bi cdo dang tham vdn voi hi cdo dang k6u oan.
+ Ddi vdi cac hi cdo keu oan, khai nhdn khdng thdnh khdn phdi hdi sau cung: Ngi dung hdi khdng nen true tiep, nen hdi tir nhung chimg cii gidn tiep, hdi den cdc nhan chimg, sau khi cd dii can cii mdi trien khai hdi hi cdo vd bang lap luan cua minh cung tdi lieu, chimg cii, KSV bugc bi cdo thira nhdn hanh vi pham tdi cua minh.
+ Diem mau chdt trong phien tda phiic tham, khdng chi xet hdi ehu yeu ve chimg cii budc tdi ma KSV can quan tdm den cdc chimg cir gd tdi va cdc can cii huge tpi ciia CO quan tien hanh td tung cap so thdm da phu hgp hoac day dii chua hay cdn thieu? Cd vi pham td tung hay khdng...?
4. M g t so gidi p h a p , kien nghi De nang eao hieu qud xet hdi trong cdc vu dn tham nhiing do Ban chi dao Trung u a n g vS phdng, chdng tham nhiing theo ddi, chi dao tai phien tda phiic thdm, KSV cdn thdm vdn nhirng ndi dung cy the sau:
- K i i m sat vien thuc hanh quyen cdng td va k i i m sdt xet xii phiic tham can thdm vdn rd hdnh vi pham tdi ciia bi cao de
Tap chi
KIEM SAT_ /So 19(thaig 100019)
CONC TAC KIEM SAT
danh gid vai trd, cae tinh tiet tang nang, tinh ti^t giam nhe, qua dd d i xuat miic hinh phat dung quy dinh ciia phdp ludt, ddm bao tinh ran de, ddu tranh d i i vdi loai tdi phgm nay. Mat khdc, KSV cdn tham van lam ro dudng di, ngudn gdc ciia tdi sdn tham nhung; xac dinh noi edt gidu tai sdn tham nhung md trong qud trinh dieu tra, truy td va xet x u so thdm chua xdc dinh d u g c , de tu do cd bien phap thu hdi. Day Id gidi phap quan trpng de thu hdi tdi sdn tham nhiing trong qua trinh xet xir phiic thdm ddi vdi cac vy an tham nhiing.
KiSm sdt vien can hdi, giai thich chinh sdch phap luat ciing nhu tdc dgng tdm ly true tiep de bi cao khai ra tdi sdn chiem doat dang cat giau d dau, cd tdi sdn gi khac phuc de dugc hudng sy khoan hdng ciia phdp ludt.
Viec bdi thudng thiet hai va khac phuc hau qua trong cdc vu dn tham nhung la tinh tiet de xem xet quyet dinh miic hinh phat cho cdc bi cao, thuc day cdc bi cdo vd than nhan ciia bi cdo tu nguyen tra lai tai san va bdi thudng cho Nha nude.
Dac biet, can cd quy dinh cu the ve dinh lupng khac phyc hau qua tuang duang vdi miic an dugc giam hinh phat (tinh ty le % so vdi sd tien phai khac phuc).
Thdng qua cdng tac thyc hanh quyen cdng td va kiem sat xet xir phiic thdm cdc vu an tham nhung, tac gia cd mdt sd kien nghi sau ddy:
Mgt Id, sira ddi quy dinh tai diem c khodn 3 Dieu 40 Bg luat Hinh su nam 2015 nhu sau: Khdng thi hdnh an tir hinh ddi vdi ngudi hi ket an thugc trong cac trudng hop sau: "Ngudi bi ket an tir hinh
ve Tdi tham d tai sdn, Tdi nhdn hdi Id ma sau khi bi ket an da chii ddng nop lai it nhdt 3/4 tdi sdn tham d, n h ^ hdi Id va hgp tdc tich cue vdi co quan chirc nang trong viec phat hien, dieu tra, xir ly tgi pham hoac lap cdng Idn".
Cu the: Bi cdo Nguyen Xudn Son trong vu an Ha Van Tham cimg ddng pham cac tdi: Cd y ldm trdi cdc quy dinh eua nhd nude ve quan ly kinh te gdy hau qud nghiem trpng, tham d tdi sdn..., tai giai doan xet xtr phiic thdm, bi cdo cd yeu cau ty nguyen khac phuc 3/4 sd tiin chiem doat de xin dugc gidm an tir tir hinh xudng chung thdn. Tuy nhien, theo quy dinh ciia phdp luat hien hanh (diem c khodn 3 Dieu 40 Bd luat Hinh sy nam 2015) ddi vdi viec nay, ngodi khac phyc 3/4 sd tien chiem doat trong Tgi tham d tdi san, Tdi nhan hdi Id, cdn phai them dieu kien: "Hpp tdc tich cyc vdi ca quan chiic nang trong viec phat hien, dieu tra, xir ly tdi pham hoac lap cdng Idn"... nen day la mdt khd khan cho HDXX cap phiic thdm trong gidi quyet vu an. Mat khac, dieu luat quy dinh phai trong giai doan thi hanh an mdi dugc dp dung nen da triet tieu ddng lyc khac phuc hau qua ve tai san cua bi cdo, cung nhu ciia than nhan bi eao tdc dgng hoac khac phuc thay de hudng lugng khoan hdng trong giai doan xet xir.
Hai Id, ca quan qudn ly Nha nude nghien cuu de nhanh chdng thuc hien viec dp dung bien phap quan ly tien mat bang tdi khoan thdng qua he thdng ngan hang. Cu the: An dinh han mirc dimg tien mat tren 20 trieu ddng trd len phai chuyen khoan. •
So19(thang1(V2019)\
T a p c h i _KIEMSAT I 1 5
