NHOJG QUAN DIEM CO BAN CUA DANG VA CHINH PHU
VE QUY HOACH DO THI vA DO THI HOA
HOANG BA THINH'
Lich sir do thi hoa cho thdy qua trinh cdng nghiep hoa keo theo dd thi hoa, va chinh sach cdng nghiep hoa lai tuy thudc vao lira chpn cua moi qudc gia. Vdi nudc ta, qua trinh do thi hoa song hanh cimg cdng nghiep hoa. Nhirng nam qua, chinh sach ciia Dang va Chinh phu cd vai trd thiic ddy quan trpng dii vdi su phat trien dd thi d Viet Nam.
Bai vilt nay dl cap din nhiing quan diem co ban cua Dang va Nha nudc ve quy hoach do thi va dd thi hoa trong thdi ky Ddi mdi dat nudc.
I. Chii'c nang cua do thi va quy hoach do thi 1.1. Ve chirc nang ciia do thi
Viec hinh thanh nen cac dia diem cu tni cua dan cu la nham dap iing nhung chiic nang, nhiem vu nhat dinh tuy thudc vao vimg dia ly ciia khu vuc dan cu dd. Dd thi la mpt loai hinh cu trii/tap hgp dan cu, va nd cd nhiing chiic nang khac vdi ndng thdn, va ngay giiia cac do thi ciing cd sir khac biet ve chirc nang. Theo Max Weber, mdt do thi phai dam nhan nhiing chiic nang thi tmdng va it nhat phai cd mdt phan quyen luc quan ly dieu hanh (Weber, 1958). Lich sir phat trien do thi tren the gidi cho thay: dd thi, dac biet la cac do thi ldn thudng dam nhan vai trd ciia cac tmng tam kinh te, chinh tri, van hoa, kinh doanh.
Tir quan diem kinh te hpc, ngudi sang lap ra chu nghTa Mac da neu rd tinh chat kinh te cua dd thi, dng dac biet chii y den mdi quan he cua kinh te va hang hda. Theo C. Mac, chi nhiing dd thi nao cd chiic nang kinh te thi mdi la "dd thi thirc sir"
Trong ITnh vuc dd thi. Dang va Nha nudc ta da xac dinh do thi cd nhiing chiic nang quan trpng ddi vdi sir phat trien kinh te-xa hdi cua ddt nudc. Dilu nay dugc thi hien ro trong Van kien dai hdi dai bieu toan quIc ciia Dang ldn thii VII "Cac thanh phd, thi xa, thj tran la nhirng tmng tam kinh tl va van hoa, chii ylu la tmng tam cdng nghiep va thuang mai tren timg viing ldn, nhd". Viec xac dinh vai trd va chiic nang cua dd thi nhu vay, la dua tren nhiing uu thi cua do thi cd lgi thi va dilu kien phat triln nhanh; cac thanh phi ldn ddng vai trd tmng tam giao luu kinh tl trong vung va qudc tl. Hinh thanh mang ludi do thi mang "chiic nang trung tam khu vuc hay tilu viing dl phat huy tac ddng ciia cong nghiep va dich vu din cac vimg khac, nhd dd ma cd thi khai thac nhilu hon, cd hieu qua hon cac tilm nang ciia mdi viing" (Van kien dai hdi VII). Ddng thdi, khu vuc dd thi phai
"phat huy vai trd cua cac trung tam hanh chinh, kinh tl, van hoa tren timg viing va dia phuang, di nhanh trong tiln trinh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, phat triln manh cong
PGS. TS, Gidng vien Trudng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc xa hdi & Nhdn van, Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ngi
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nghiep dich vu, di ddu trong viee phat triln kinh tl tri thiic" (Chiln lugc phat triln kinh tl xahpi 2001-2010).
Mudi nam sau, tai dai hdi ldn thii IX cua Dang, van tilp tuc khdng dinh quan dilm do thi dam nhan cac chiic nang la tmng tam hanh chinh, kinh tl, van hoa:
Khu vuc do thi: Phdt huy vai tro cua cdc trung tdm hdnh chinh, kinh ti, vdn hod tren tieng viing vd dia phuang, di nhanh trong tiin trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dgi hoa, phdt trien mgnh cong nghiep vd dich vu, di ddu trong viec phdt triin kinh ti tri thiec. Tgo vanh dai nong nghiep hien dgi a cdc thdnh phd lan.
(Van kien dai hdi IX) Tinh thdn nay dugc khdng dinh lai trong Chiln lugc phat triln kinh tl xa hpi 2001- 2010 tai dai hdi Dang toan quIc ldn thii X va Chiln lugc phat triln kinh tl xa hpi 2001- 2020 tai dai hdi Dang ldn thii XI.
Nghi quyet Hdi nghi ldn thii nam Ban Chdp hanh Trung uong Dang khda IX si 15- NQ/TW, ngay 18 thang 3 nam 2002 ve day nhanh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa ndng nghiep, ndng thdn thdi ky 2001-2010. Vl nhiing chu truong, tai muc 3 "Phat triln kit cdu ha tang va dd thi hoa ndng thdn" ciia Nghi quyet cd viet rang: "Phat trien cac thi tii, thi tran tren dia ban ndng thdn de thuc hien chiic nang tmng tam cdng nghiep, nganh nghe, dich vu, van hoa-xa hdi, hd trg cho qua trinh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa ndng thdn."
1.2. Ve quy hoach do thi vdphdt trien do thi
Cd thi ndi Chi thi sd 19 cua Hdi ddng Bd tmdng (nay la Chinh phu) ngay 22 thang 1 nam 1991 vl Chdn chinh cdng tac quan ly dd thi, la mdt van ban the hien ro quan dilm vl quy hoach dd thi cua Nha nudc Viet Nam. Sau khi chi ra nhugc dilm cua phat trien dd thi thdi gian trudc dd "Chiln lugc phat triln dd thi cdn thilu, quy hoach dd thi khdng sat thuc tl. Cdng tae xay dung va quan ly dd thi it dugc ting kit", Chi thi da de cap din viec dii mdi cdng tac quy hoach va tang cudng quan ly xay dung dd thi can chii y "Cai tao va xay dung cac do thi phai theo quy hoach dugc duyet", va "Cdng tac quy hoach dd thi phai dugc thay ddi cho phu hgp vdi dudng lii ddi mdi cua nudc ta. Quy hoach cac do thi phai quan triet quan dilm "Phat triln dd thi la sir nghiep cua dan, vi dan, do dan". Ding thdi, Chi thi ciing dinh hudng vl budc di quy hoach do thi:
Quy hogch chung Id quy hogch dinh huang phdt trien do thi. Ngodi dinh hudng tdng quan, quy hogch chung cdn chi ra nhung yeu cdu cdn dgt duac cho tieng tieu khu, tuyin, ddu mdi trong diim. Tren co sa do ddy mgnh quy hogch ngdn hgn vd quy hogch chi tiit tieng khu trong do thi di ldm ca sa cho viec cdp gidy phep sie dung ddt vd cdp gidy phep xdy dung. Quy hogch ngdn hgn cdn duac thi hien bdng cdc du dn cu the"
(Chithisll9/HDBT) Trong Chi thi sd 19/2003/CT-TTg cua Thu tudng Chinh phu vl Viec td chiic lap qui hoach xay dung dd thi va quan ly xay dung theo qui hoach va Chi thi sd: 09/2008/CT- TTg, ngay 28 thang 02 nam 2008 Vl viec tang cudng cdng tac lap va quan ly quy hoach
xay dung do thi, deu nhan manh tam quan trpng cua cdng tac quy hoach va xay dung do thi, la nhiem vu trpng tam cua cac cap, cac nganh va dia phuong "Cdng tac quy hoach xay dung dd thi va quan ly xay dung theo quy hoach cd tam quan trgng to ldn trong sir nghiep cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc va la mdt trong nhiing nhiem vu trpng tam cua cac cdp, cac nganh, cac dia phuong" (Chi thi sd: 09/2008/CT-TTg)l
Tren co sd xac dinh tam quan trpng cua dd thi trong su nghiep day manh cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nudc; tmdc tinh hinh mdi hien nay, nhung van de ndi com cdn dugc tap tmng giai quyet, dd la "tinh trang xay dimg tu phat, ldn xdn, khdng phep hoac trai phep lam can trd viec trien khai dau tu va xay dung; chat lugng kien tnic va my quan dd thi bi han che; trat tu xay dung do thi chua dugc xac lap va gay lang phi, tdn kem tai san ciia nhan dan", nguyen nhan la do "viec lap, xet duyet quy hoach xay dung, dac biet la quy hoach chi tiet ty le 1/500 tai cac do thi cdn nhieu bat cap ve tien dp, chat lugng va kinh phi; cdng tac quan ly xay dung theo quy hoach chua chat che do thieu cac bien phap ding bp" (Chi thi si 19/2003/CT-TTg).
Dang chii y trong Quylt dinh si 445/2009/QD-TTg ngay 07 thang 04 nam 2009 ve Phe duyet dieu chinh dinh hudng Quy hoach tdng the phat trien he thing dd thi Viet Nam den nam 2025 va tam nhin den nam 2050 da xac dinh rd nhat quan dilm viec hinh thanh va phat trien he thing do thi Viet Nam din nam 2025 va tdm nhin din nam 2050 phai bao dam:
Phu hap vai su phdn bo vd trinh do phdt trien luc luang sdn xudt, vai yeu cdu ciia qud trinh cong nghiep hoa-hien dgi hoa vd hoi nhdp kinh ti quoc ti ciia Viet Nam;
Phdt trien vd phdn bo hap ly tren dia bdn cd nuac, tgo ra su phdt triin cdn ddi giiea cdc viing. Coi trong moi lien kit do thi-nong thon, bdo dam chiin luac an ninh luang thiec qudc gia; ndng cao chdt luang do thi, bdo tdn vd phdt huy cdc gid tri vdn hoa truyen thong phii hap tieng giai dogn phdt triin chung cua ddt nuoc;
- Phdt trim on dinh, ben vUng, tren ca sa to chiec khong gian phii hap, su dung hop ly tdi nguyen thien nhien, ddt dai, tiit kiem ndng luang; bdo ve moi trudmg, cdn bdng sinh thdi;
- Xdy dung dong bo ca sa hg tdng xd hoi vd hg tdng ky thugt vai cdp do thich hap hoac hien dgi, theo yeu cdu khai thde, sie dung vd chiin luac phdt triin ciia mdi do thi;
Ket hgrp chat che vai viec bdo ddm an ninh, qudc phong vd an todn xd hoi; doi vdi cdc do thi ven bien, hdi ddo vd doc hdng lang bien giai phdi ddp iengyeu cdu nhiem vu bdo ve vd giif vieng chit quyin qudc gia.
Quylt dinh 445/2009/QD-TTg Phe duyet dilu chinh dinh hudng Quy hoach ting thi phat triln he thing dd thi Viet Nam din nam 2025 va tdm nhin din nam 2050 da chi rd dinh hudng phat triln chung khdng gian do thi ca nudc theo hudng "bao dam phat triln hop ly cac viing dd thi hda co ban giira 6 vung kinh tl-xa hdi qudc gia, giua miln Bdc, mien Tmng va miln Nam; giira phia Ddng va phia Tay" gdn vdi viec phat triln cac cue tang trudng chu dao va thii cdp qudc gia, ddng thdi bao dam phat triln theo mang ludi, co
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su lien ket tang bac theo cap, loai dd thi, va "uu tien phat triln eac viing kinh tl trpng diem, cac vimg dd thi ldn va cac khu kinh te tdng hgp ddng vai trd la cue tang tmdng chu dao cdp qudc gia" (Quylt dinh 445/QD-TTg). Tren co sd dd, tir nam 2015 din 2025 uu tien phat trien cac vung dd thi hda co ban, giam thilu su phat triln phan tan, cue bd; giai doan tir nam 2026 din nam 2050 chuyin ddn sang phat triln theo mang ludi do thi.
2. Quan diem ve phat trien do thj va do thi hoa
Trong cac van kien ciia Dang va Nha nudc, the hien rd vl chiln lugc phat triln kinh te xa hdi trong thdi ky Ddi mdi, trong dd cd nhilu quan dilm vl phat triln do'thi, do thi hoa. Dudi day, la mdt sd quan diem chinh.
2.1.Chii y sir hdi hod giUa cdc viing, uu tien phdt triin do thi viia vd nho
Mudi nam tmdc. Dang ta da xac dinh "Phat triln mang ludi do thi phan bl hgp ly tren cac viing". Ngay tir dai hdi Dang lan thii VII da xac dinh "Phuang hudng phat triln dd thi la hinh thanh nhieu tmng tam vira va nhd, phan bd hgp ly, khdng tap tmng dan qua dong vao cac thanh phd ldn". (Van kien dai hdi VII). Din dai hdi ldn thii X, sau khi luu y ve viec can "Ra soat, bd sung va nang cao chat lupng quy hoach, tiep tuc td chiic thuc
" hien cac dinh hudng phat trien dd thi den nam 2020, hinh thanh he thdng do thi phii hgp tren dia ban ca nudc; dac biet chii trpng phat trien cac dd thi vira va nhd, han che tap tmng dan cu vao mdt sd it thanh phd ldn", quan diem ve phat trien viing dd thi dugc xac dinh rd va cu the hon:
Vung ddng bdng: Phdt triin cdc khu cong nghiep, cdc cum, nhom sdn phdm cong nghiep vd dich vu cong nghe cao gdn vdi cdc do thi ldn de hinh thdnh cdc trung tdm kinh ti lan ciia cd nuac, co tdm ca khu viec, cd vai tro ddn ddt vd tac dgng lan tod den suphat trien cdc viing khdc.
Viing biin, ven biin vd hdi ddo: Ddy nhanh tde do do thi hda, tgo thdnh cdc trung tdm kinh ti biin mgnh, tgo thi tiin ra biin, gdn vai phdt trim da dgng cdc ngdnh dich vu, nhdt la cdc ngdnh co gid tri gia tdng cao nhu dich vu xudt, nhdp khdu, du lich, dich vu nghi cd, dich vu ddu khi, van tdi...
(Van kien dai hdi dai bieu toan quIc lan thii X) Chiln lugc phat triln kinh tl-xa hdi 2011-2020 cung xac dinh viec cdn "Ddy nhanh tic dp dd thi hda, tao thanh cac tmng tam kinh tl biln manh" va ddi mdi co che chinh sach, nang cao chdt lugng va quan ly chat che quy hoach phat trien do thi. Timg budc hinh'thanh he thing dd thj cd kit cdu ha tdng ding bd, hien dai, than thien vdi mdi tmdng gIm mdt sd thanh phd ldn, nhilu thanh phi vira va rihd lien kit va phan b l h g p ly tren cac viing; chu trpng phat triln dd thi miln nui, phat triln manh cac dd thj ven bien.
Cd thi ndij nhimg quan dilm vl phat triln dp thi ve tinh tren day dugc Dang ta de cap tir 15 nam trudc, khdng chi la tu tudng hien dai vl dd thi (ngay nay, quy hoach ve dd thi tren thi gidi chii trpng vl phat triln dd thi ve tinh) ma cdn cd sir canh bao ve "tranh sir dung nhilu dien tich ddt liia", dilu ma 10 nam sau Bd NN va PTNT da thing ke cho thdy tmng binh mdi nam cdng nghiep hoa, dd thi hoa lam giam 5000 ha rudng. Khdng nhirng
vay, viec nhan manh "Phat trien do thi phai di ddi vdi viec xay dung ddng bd va quan ly cac cdng trinh cdng cdng (dien, cdp thoat nudc, cay xanh...)" de dam bao tieu chi do thi tit/mdi tmdng sdng tdt, cho den nay khdng phai do thi nao ciing dap iing dugc quan dilm ndi tren.
2.2. Phdt huy vai tro ciia cdc do thi trgng diem
Neu nhu dai hdi Dang lan thii VI - dai hdi md dau thdi ky Ddi mdi dat nudc, van de dd thi va phat trien dd thi chi mdi de cap den nhirng van de khd khan nha d, nhdt la d Thu dd Ha Ndi va thanh phd Hd Chi Minh thi den dai hdi Dang toan qudc lan thii VIII, vdn dl phat trien do thi da cd su quan tam hon nhieu, vdi quan diem phat trien dd thi ve tinh xung quanh cac thanh phd ldn:
Phdt trim cdc do thi ve tinh xung quanh cdc thdnh pho lan de ddn bat cong nghiep vd ddn cu, trdnh su tap trung qud miec vdo Hd Noi, Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh. Tgo dieu kien cdn thiet de thu hut cdng nghiep vd phdt trim do thi mai len viing ddi trung du, trdnh sie dung nhieu dim tich ddt lua. Hgn che ma rdng quy md cdc thdnh phd lan. Sam quy hogch mgng luai do thi lan, viea vd nhd trong todn qudc phii hap voi trinh do phdt trien kinh te-xa hoi. Phdt trim do thi phdi di ddi voi viec xdy dung ddng bd vd qudn ly cdc cdng trinh cong cdng (dim, cdp thodt nuac, cdy xanh...)
(Van kien dai hdi VIII) Trong khi xac dinh phat triln mdt each hai hoa dd thi va viing do thi. Dang va Chinh phu ddng thdi ciing nhdn manh vai trd ciia cac do thi trpng dilm, do thi dac biet dii vdi su phat trien ciia cac vimg, mien. Trong dd chi rd vai trd, chiic nang cua cae do thi trpng diem nhu Ha Ndi, Tp. Hd Chi Minh, Da Ndng, Hai Phdng, va Cdn Tho:
Tap trung xdy dung va phdt huy vai tro ciia Thdnh phd Hd Ndi la trung tdm kinh ti lan dgc biet cua phia Bdc vd cd nuac; xdy dung Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh tra thdnh trung tdm lon ve tdi chinh, ngdn hdng, viin thdng, cdng nghiep cdng nghe cao, thuong mgi, du lich, ddo tgo, y ti chdt luong cao cua phia Nam vd cd nuoc; tiip tuc ddu tu xdy dung di phdt huy vai tro quan trong cua cdc thdnh phd biin Hdi Phdng,Dd Ndng; phdt huy Igri thi Id cd do vd di sdn vdn hod thi giai di phdt triin Thdnh phd Hue thdnh mot trung tdm ldm vi du lich vd dich vu; xdy dung Thanh phd Cdn Tha sdm tra thdnh trung tdm ciia vimg ddng bdng sdng Cieu Long.
(Van kien dai hpi dai bilu toan qudc ldn thii IX) De lam dugc dieu dd, cdn nang cao chdt lugng quy hoach dd thi va ddy manh ddu tu xay dung kit cdu ha tdng d cac dd thi ldn, nhdt la Thu dd Ha Ndi va Thanh phi Hd Chi Minh. Hinh thanh he thing dd thi vira va nhd theo hudng phan b l hgp ly tren cac vimg, khac phyc tinh trang tu phat trong phat triln do thi. Hoan thanh cac du an cai tao va nang cdp ha tdng dd thj d Thu do Ha Npi, Thanh phi H I Chi Minh, cac thanh phd Hai Phdng, Da Nang... nhu "cac du an cap nudc, thoat nudc, xu ly chdt thai, nang cao nang lire giao thong do thi, cung cap ngudn nudc cho cdng nghiep va dd thi gdp 2 ldn so vdi hien nay"
(Van kien dai hdi dai bilu toan quIc ldn thii IX).
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Cd nhu vay, mdi phat huy vai trd la tmng tam kinh te, van hda, khoa hpc va cdng nghe cua Ha Ndi va Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, vai trd cua cae tmng tam tren timg vimg va dia phuong; tap tmng vao phat triln ngudn nhan lire, phi biln thdng tin, tmyin ba kiln thiic, chuyen giao cdng nghe, thiie ddy chuyin dich co cdu kinh tl.
2.3. Quan tdm den chdt luang cupc song cua ngirdi dan trong qud trinh do thi hod Mudi lam nam tmdc. Dang ta da xac dinh cdn quan tam din chdt lugng cupc sing cua cu dan dd thi, theo dd:
Dua viec quy hogch vd qudn ly do thi vdo nen nip, ngdy cdng xanh sgeh dep, vdn minh. Hodn thien quy^ hogch giao thdng Idu ddi, hap ly a tdt cd cdc do thi; khdc phuc tinh trgng dch tde giao thdng a cdc do thi lon. Cung cdp du nuac sgeh, thodt
nuac vd xie ly chdt thai; xda nhd tgm bo. Ddy lui cdc te ngn xd hdi. xdy dung ddi song vdn hda, tinh thdn ldnh mgnh.
(Van kien dai hdi Dang ldn thir IX) Mac dil vay, sau 5 nam, dd thi Viet Nam van d trong tinh trang:
Ket cdu hg tdng do thi phdt trim cham, chdt luang quy hogch do thi thdp. He thdng cdp nuoc kem phdt trien. Thiit bi xie ly nudc Igc hdu, chdt luang nuac kem; qudn ly do thi kem. He thdng phdn phdi nuac vd ngudn nuoc nhiiu noi chua duac ddu tu ddng bd. He thdng xie ly chdt thdi sinh hogt vd chdt thdi cdng nghiep viea thiiu, viea kem chdt luang; chua ngdn chgn duoc tinh trgng d nhiem mdi trudng ngdy cdng nghiem trong.
(Van kien dai hdi dai bieu toan qudc lan thii X) Vi the. Dang ta xac dinh can hoan chinh quy hoach phat trien cac khu, cum, dilm cong nghiep tren ca nudc; hinh thanh cac viing cdng nghiep trpng diem; gan viec phat trien san xuat vdi bao dam nha d va cac dieu kien sinh hoat cho ngudi lao ddng. Mudn vay, phai "Chuyen cac co sd cdng nghiep trong npi thanh, npi thi, gan khu ddng dan cu khdng bao dam tieu chuan mdi trudng vao cac khu cdng nghiep tap tmng hoac cac vimg it dan cu".(Van kien dai hdi dai bieu toan qudc lan thii X) va "chii trpng hoan thien mang ludi giao thdng, he thing cdp nudc sinh hoat, cung cap du nudc sach va giai quyet ca ban van dl thoat nudc va xii ly chdt thai d cac dd thi, cac khu cdng nghiep; quan ly chat che viec thuc hien qui hoach va cac qui chi vl do thi".(Bao cao tai dai hdi Dang X)
Vdi quan dilm "hien dai hoa dan cac thanh phd ldn, thiic day qua trinh do thi hoa ndng thdn" nhung "Khdng tap tmng qua nhilu co sd cdng nghiep va dan cu vao cac dd thj ldn", ddng thdi "Khdc phuc tinh trang iin tde giao thdng va d nhilm mdi tmdng" cung nhu "Tang cudng cdng tac quy hoach va quan ly dd thi, nang cao tham my kiln tnic"
(Van kien dai hdi dai bilu toan qudc ldn thii IX) da cho thdy quan diem phat triln dd thi ciia Dang va Chinh phu hudng din chdt lugng sing cua ngudi dan do thi va cac viing xung quanh.
2.4. Phdt triin hdi hod giiia thdnh thi vd nong thon, gdn vdi xay dimg nong thon mdi, thdn thien vdi moi trudng
Dd thi hoa ddng nghTa vdi viec thu hep dien tich ddt ndng nghiep va ndng thdn, dilu nay dSn den khd khan trong viec chuyen dii nghe, cdng an viec lam cua ngudi ndng dan.
Vi the. Dang ta xac dinh uu tien giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi dan:
Chii trong dgy nghe, gidi quyet viec ldm cho ndng ddn, truac hit a cdc viing su dung ddt ndng nghiep de xdy dung cdc ca so cdng nghiep, dich vu, giao thdng, cdc khu do thi mai.
Ddng thdi, gan quy hoaeh dd thi vdi xay dung ndng thdn mdi:
Quy hogch phdt trim ndng thdn gdn voi phdt trim do thi vd bd tri cdc diim ddn cu.
Phdt trim mgnh cdng nghiep, dich vu vd ldng nghe gdn vai bdo ve mdi trudmg.
Trim khai chuang trinh xdy dung ndng thdn mai phu hap vai dgc diim tieng viing theo cdc buac di cu the, vung chac trong tieng giai dogn; giU gin vd phdt huy nhOng net vdn hda dgc sdc cua ndng thdn Viet Nam.
(Chiln lugc phat triln kinh tl-xa hgi 2011-2020) Ddi vdi vimg ven bien, bien va hai dao phat triln dd thi phii hgp vdi qua trinh phat trien kinh te, theo quy hoach dai han, khdng khep kin theo ranh gidi hanh chinh va xu ly diing mii quan he giiia dd thi hoa va hien dai hoa ndng thdn. Ddy manh viec dua cdng nghiep va dich vu vl ndng thdn dl han chi tinh trang ndng dan ra cae thanh phd, ding thdi khdng dl mdt khu vuc lanh thd rdng ldn nao tring vdng dd thi. Phat triln dd thi cdn ddi mdi co chi, chinh sach, nang cao chdt lupng va quan ly chat che quy hoach phat triln dd thi. Mdt trong ba budc dot pha chiln lugc trong Chiln lugc phat triln kinh tl-xa hpi 2011-2020 dugc Dai hdi dai bilu Dang toan qudc ldn thii XI thdng qua, cd ndi dung lien quan din dd thj hoa va phat triln dd thi, theo dd "Xay dung he thing kit cdu ha tdng ding bp vdi mdt si cdng trinh hien dai, tap trung vao he thing giao thdng va ha tdng do thi ldn." Dang chii y rdng. Dang ta cd quan dilm nhdt quan trong viec phat triln hai hda, bin vung cac vung, xay dung do thi va ndng thdn mdi, dilu nay dugc thi hien d timg budc
"hinh thanh he thing dd thi cd kit cdu ha tdng ddng bd, hien dai, than thien vdi moi trudng gIm mdt si thanh phd ldn, nhilu thanh phd vira va nhd lien kit va phan bd hgp ly tren cac viing; chii trpng phat triln dd thj miln mii, phat triln manh cac dd thi ven biln"(Chiln lugc phat triln kinh tl-xa hdi 2011-2020).
Ket luan
Do thi hoa la xu thi tdt ylu trong qua trinh phat triln ciia cac quIc gia. Chinh sach phat triln dd thi, do vay cd y nghTa quan trpng ddi vdi vdn dl phat triln kinh tl-xa hdi ciia cac viing, miln va cua ddt nudc. Dang va Chinh phu Viet Nam nhan thirc rdt rd cdng tac lap va quan ly quy hoach xay dung dd thi khdng chi "cd y nghTa quan trpng trong sir phat trien dat nudc" ma cdn la "mpt trong nhirng nhiem vu trpng tam cua cac cdp, cac nganh, cac dia phuang"
Mdt sd ndi dung dl cap tren day cho thdy su chuyin ddi trong quan dilm vl xay dung va quy hoach do thi cua Dang, phan anh sir biln ddi va phat triln ciia thuc tien xa hpi trong bii canh toan cdu hoa va hpi nhap quIc tl.
Hodng Bd Thinh 35
Tai lieu trich dan
Chi thi sd 19/2003/CT-TTg ciia Thu tudng Chinh phu vl Viec td chuc lap qui hogch xdy dung do thi vd qudn ly xdy dung theo qui hogch.
Chi thi sd: 09/2008/CT-TTg, ngay 28 thang 02 nam 2008 Vi viec tdng cuong cdng tac lap vd qudn ly quy hogch xdy dung do thi.
Dang cdng san Viet Nam. (2002). Nghi quylt Hdi nghi ldn thii nam Ban Chdp hanh Tmng uong Dang khda IX so 15-NQ/TW, ngay 18 thang 3 nam 2002 Vi ddy nhanh cong nghiep hod, him dgi hod ndng nghiep, ndng thdn thai ky 2001-2010 Dang cdng san Viet Nam. Vdn kien dgi hdi dgi bieu todn qudc ldn thuXI
Dang cdng san Viet Nam. Vdn kien dgi hdi dgi bieu todn qudc ldn thieX Dang cdng san Viet Nam. Vdn kien dgi hdi dgi bieu todn qudc ldn thic IX Dang cdng san Viet Nam. Vdn kien dgi hdi dgi bieu todn qudc ldn thu VIII Dang cdng san Viet Nam. Vdn kien dgi hoi dgi bieu todn qudc ldn thie VII Ludt Quy hogch do thi ndm 2009, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Ndi
Nghi dinh sd 42/2009/ND-CP ngay 07 thang 05 nam 2009 cua Chinh phu Vi viec phdn logi do thi
Nghi djnh sd 72/2001/ND-CP ngay 05 thang 10 nam 2001 cua Chinh phii Vi viec phdn logi do thi vd cdp qudn ly do thi
Quylt dinh sd 445/2009 ngay 07 thang 04 nam 2009 vl Phe duyet diiu chinh dinh huong Quy hogch tdng thi phdt triin he thdng do thi Viet Nam den ndm 2025 vd tdm nhin den ndm 2050.
