KVNIlM 70 NAM CACH MANG THANG TAM V A Q U 6 C K H A N H 2 - » (1945-2015)
HOAT DONG CUA DO! CON NAI (MY) TRl/GfC CACH MiDlNG T H A N G TAM
DO HOANG LINH
Pho Gidm doc Khu di tich Hd Chi Minh tqi Phit Chu tick
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udi nam 1944, mdt ehiie mdy bay eiia My bi quan Nhat bin hdng may tien vimg trdi Hda An, Cao Bdng, Trung uy phi edng Shaw nhay dii xudng khu rung gin tinh ly dupe du kich Viet Mmh ciiu thoat vd dua vi gap Ianh tp Hd Chi Minh. Ngudi da quyet dinh dua vien phi edng sang Cdn Minh frao tra eho dai dien quan dpi My d day, viia the hien tiii?n chi cua Viet Minh, ddng tiidi cung mudn khang dinh luc lupng Viet Mmh dung ve phe Ddng minh cimg chdng phdt xit. Sau nhung cupc gap gd giiia ldnh tu Hd Chi Minh vdi tudng Chennault, dai dien Khdng doan sd 14 eiia Ddng minh ti"ong thang 3-1945 va Thieu td A. Patti eiia co quan dich vu ehien lupc My (OSS) cudi thdng 4-1945, mdi quan he hpp tac giiia V?t Minh va Ddng minh da dupc thiet l^p. Mdt thda thuan ve viec My giiip dd vu khi, phuong ti^n lien lae va huan luyen quan sy eho lye Iupng Viet Mmh chdng phat xit da dupc hai bdn nhit tii. Thyc hien giao udc ndy, eae can bd Vipt Minh d Cdn Minh da viet truyen don bang tiing Viet giri den khdng quan My de dem rai 8 van td d miin Bic Viet Nara khien cho uy tin ciia Vi6t Minh tSng len nhanh ehdng nhu mdt lye lupng eiia phe Ddng minh chdng phat xit.Ban khdng trp m^t dit eua My, Co quan ciiu frp khdng quan fren mat dat (AGAS) da lap mdt
mang ludi vd tuyen dien tir Ha Ndi den Sai Gdn theo ke hoach cua OSS va trung uy C. Fenn, phu trach nhdm tinh bdo Ddng rainh hoat ddng d Vet Nara, dupc giao nhiem vu lam lien lae giua OSS va Viet Minh. Cudi tiiang 5-1945, tijr Tan Trao, ldnh tu Hd Chi Minh phdi giao lien frao eho A. Patti tai Cdn Minh mdt thdng bdo ve viec quan Nhat xay dung cdng sy d Cao Ring va tten dudng vi Ha Ndi. Diu thdng 6-1945, Ngudi dien bdo cho Patti da chuan bi san sang hon 1.000 quan du kieh dupc huan luyen tdt, tap trung d Chp Chu, Dinh Hod. Den gifia tiidng 6-1945, qua dau mdi Patti, Hd Chi Minh biet tin se ed mdt todn quan My, bao gdm nhan vien k5' thuat dua theo thudc men, luong thyc, vii khi nhe do rapt sy quan din ddu sap dupe tha dii xudng dia ban Tuyen Quang va yeu cau phia Vet Minh chuan bi ddn. De phdi hpp hieu qua hon vdi quan Ddng minh, Viet Minh da tiep nhan trudc mpt sd ky thuat vien Ddng minh den Khu gidi phdng, chii yeu la giiip cdng tac thdng tin lien lac bing vd tuyin dien. Hd Chi Mmh da true tiep di khdo sdt thyc dia tai thdn Liing Cd, xa Mmh Thanh di chpn dia diim lam san bay ddn quan Ddng mmh. Day la rapt dai dat rpng ehtmg 4ha nam gifia khe mil, bdo dam eho eae ehuyen bay len xudng thuan loi vd di dang van chuyen hang hoa. San bay da chien
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TAPCHiUCHSir<IANG8-201S
Lung Co da dugc gap nit xay dung va la san bay diu tien, duy nMt hoat dpng trong thoi ky Cach mang Thang Tam. Bat tay vao cong viec, nhirng dong chi dugc giao niiiem vu da huy dgng nhan dan cac xa: Thanh La, Trung Yen, Tan Trao, Tii Tiac va mgt don vi giai phong quan tham gia xay dung san bay. Ltic dau dir dinh phai mat mgt tuiin cong viec moi hoan tit, nhimg vol tmh than co gang cao nen chi sau hai ngay phat dgn, san ggt, mgt san bay da chien da dugc hinh thanh. San
bay CO chiju dai 400m, chieu rgng 20m, loai may bay L5 cua My co th6 cSt, hg canh dugc. Day la san bay do ta xay dung va ciing la san bay "quoc te"
cua each mang Viet Nam.
Chiec may bay dau tien ha canh xuong san bay Lung Co CO hai si quan quan Dong minh mang theo mgt so vu khi, lucrng thuc, thuoc men. Trong lan ha canh nay, dong chi Le Gian, Dam Quang
Trung ciing nhan dan dia phuong t6 chiic chao mung. Ngay 30-6-1945, qua he thdng dien dai,
Thieu ta TKomas cho r i n g : "Nhieu nguili ding noi rUng vi co sir Ong hd cria chiing toi Ho Chi Uinh mdi gianh dUgrc quyen lire. Toi hhong tin dieu do. Tdi chic la dng CO gang siir dung thuc te la ngudi My cho dng mdt si trang thiet hj. i n g da tac long de nhieu ngUdi Viet Nam tin tudng r i n g chiing tdi la han Ddng minh.
NhiAig cd rat nhieu ly do g i l i thich viec dng gianh diroc quyen luc va dd khdng phai vi chung tdi trang hj vu khi cho tren dudi mot tram con ngudi"
Ngugi CO 8 quan nhSn Dong minh, trong s6 d CO mgt nguoi dugc d^t ten Viet Nam la Nguyfi lara nhiem vu lien lac vg tuyen dien voi ma^
bay idii ha canh. Trong thoi gian 6 Lung Co 1(
ngiiy, nhiJng nguoi Iinh D6ng minh cam nhai dugc su than thien, gan giii cua Viet Minh va hp va hg cung kham phuc, kinh trgng H6 Clu Mmh hon. Sau idii Ho Chi Minh tro lgi TSr Trao, dong chi Le Gian dugc cii a lai ciing dai dien quan Dong minh don cac chuySn bay tijp theo. Trung tuin thang 8-1945, chuygn bay cufii cung dSn Liing Co cha Trung lly Kent, si quan tmh bao OSS vh mk.
Tnroc nhung Ioi chiic I6t dep Clia nhSn dan vil dai dien Viet Mmh, Trung iiy Kent da noi: "ChiSn tranh nay vcri chiing toi da kit thiic, nhung voi cac ong mpt cugc chien tianh moi vo ciing gian kho lgi bat diu. Xm chlic cac ong se gianh dugc thing lgi huy
Cling trong thing 7-1945, Sh chuin bj cho , , - - . viec quan Dong minh dSn Khu giai phong, H6 Ho Chi Minh tta loi Patti d6ng y cho toan quan Chi Minh da true tiip gap Van phong Khu giai Dong minh nhay dii xu6ng Tan Trao va yeu ciu phong yeu ciu thuc hien nhi& bi$n phap tuyen cho biet thoi gian. Sau do, Trung uy Ferni da
nliay dii tien h^m ttudc xudng Tuydn Quang.
Diu tiiang 7-1945, hi Tan Trao, H6 Chi Minh t v c tiep dSn san bay Liing Co chi dao vice don
truyen de dong bao giiip d9 quan D6ng minh, ttanh nhung su viec dang tiee co th6 xay a Ngucri ggi y chg Van phong nen d\mg mpt ti kich noi vh muc dich cua viec quan D6ng mini may bay Dgng mmh. Nguoi ciing ciic ddng chi nhay dii xudng Tan Trao nhim phat huy tac Le Gian, Dam Quang Tnmg, dien dai vien cua dung tuyen truy&i rong rai. Cac ddng chi VSn My va tieu dgi bag ve den nha ong ba Ma Van phong da khin tnrong dung vo kich liy nhan dJ Yen each san bay khoang 500m Gia dmh dng lii: Cm, phi cong A^. Nguoi chi dao Van phong ba Yen nhugng nhii chinh cho doan. C! cirng vdi dung mdt can nha dS lam dia diSm didn kich vi
KYNlfM 70 NAM OhH MANG THANG TAMVAQUdCKHANH2-9 (1945-2015)
dat ten la nha Cim qudc. Trong budi diln la mdt vd kich, Hd Chi Minh cung cac nhan vien thude luc lupng Ddng ramh, eae ddng ehi lanh dao Khu gidi phdng va ddng dao ddng bao dd tham d\i. Ngay 16-7-1945, toan quan Ddng minh mang biet danh Con Nai gdm 5 thanh vidn ddu tien da nhay dii xudng khu vuc Tdn Tiao gdm:
ehi huy Thiiu ta Thomas, Tnmg uy Monfort, Tmng sT Phac (ngudi Viet lam phien dich), Tmng sT Ldgort, binh nhdt Prunier. Mot ti-ong so 5 thanh vien cua dpi Con Nai khi nhdy du da mdc vao cay da cd thu nen Viet Mmh phai giup dua hp xudng dat an toan. Ngay 19-7-1945, dpi Con Meo do Dai uy Holland chi huy ciing nhay dil xudng Kim Liing vd din ngdy 31 -7-1945 dpi nay len duong den khu vuc khdc lap can cu.
Nhdm Con Nai dupc bd tii d tirong khu rung Na Nua, cdch ldn ehinh eua Hd Chi Minh khodng 30m vi huong Bdc. Lan Ddng minh dupe lam kieu nha san, ed hai gian, cpt bang gd rimg, mdi Id ep. Lan cua td dien dai each Ian chinh khodng 40m. Cung lam viec vdi nhiing ngudi linh cua quan Ddng rainh cd eae ddng ehi Hoang Viet Huy, Luu Mmh Due, Pham Vdn Quy, Doan Hdng Son, Phan Viet Bae... Lan cdnh ve dung each lan chinh 30m va edn mdt sd tram gac bi mat xung quanh khu riing. Ldn chmh, noi o vd lam viee cua Hd Chi Minh dupc d\mg theo kieu nha san ciia ngudi Tay, cd 6 cdt gd dupc ehdn xudng dat. 6 eay cdt phia Tay co mpt cay thanh nganh to lan xum xue, duoi gdc ed rapt phien da ldng va phang nen Hd Chi Minh thudfng ngdi danh mdy chfi. T^ rtmg Nd Nua, Hd Chi Mmh ciing rapt sd edn bd Khu giai phdng quyet dinh chieu dai quan dpi Ddng minh rapt bua ti^c be thui. Anh em liing tiing khdng biit chuan bi tiii nao, Ngudi ben hudng ddn nhu sau: "Cu ngudi sang Dinh Hoa nhdf raua giup rapt eon be dem thui chin vang, de ca con nam tren khung tre.
hai ben lam ghe ngdi ciing bang tre. Sam mdi ngudi mdt con dao My. San co dao vd ma, eo dia mudi, dia giing, ed rupu do ddng bdo tu ndu, udng bdng bat to, mpi ngudi tu do thich an chd nao tu cat lay". Thdy mpi nguoi van cdn ngan ngu, Ngudi gidi thieh: "Khdng cd gi ngai. Kd ca Tay vd ta, khdng phai ai cung dupc dn mdt bua dan da trong rung. Cu lam di rdi xera hp ed thich khdng? Cdn thu vi ldm nfia kia"'. Qua nhien nhdm Ddng minh rat hai ldng. Thieu ta Thomas ke lai: "Dau tien chiing tdi di dudi ldi di ed mai vdm bang tre ben tren ed mdt bien hieu: Chdo raiing nhung nguoi ban My cua chiing ta. Sau do chiing tdi gdp Mr Ho, nha ldnh dao Dang. Ong dd ddn tiep ehiing tdi rat than mat. Ngudi ta da md rapt eon bd de td long tran tipng ehiing tdi va tang cho chung tdi mdt thung bia Ha Npi thu dupc sau cupc tdn edng bat ngd vao mdt doan hd tdng Nhat. Chiing tdi da ddnh rapt giac ngon ldnh trong can leu tien nghi bdng tre trong khu rimg tren mpt qua ddi"^. Trong nhfing ngay d Nd Nua, qudn Ddng minh dupe nhan dan tiep ti thit, rau, tning, mdng, cd khi cdn ca de hay nai nguyen cap Ide nhung, trong khi ddng bao chi an dc, cd bdt dudi sudi vdi mang ngdm dt. Qua nhfing eupe thao luan dai vdi Thomas va Prunier vao ngay 17,19-7-1945, lanh tu Hd Chi Minh khang dinh vai tro cua Viet Minh trong viee tap hpp edc ddng phdi ehinh tii tiong su nghiep ddu tianh gidnh lai t^i do va ddc lap hoan toan cua Ddng Duong. Ngudi edn ndi ehde chdn Viet Minh cd the nhan mpt sd dpi hoat dpng edng tdc chien lupc khdc vd tu van khu vuc hoat ddng cua dpi Con Nai nen tap trung tren tuyen dudng Thai Nguyen- Bac Kan- Cao Bdng, sau khi thuan lpi se chuyen hoat ddng tren tuyin Lang Son- Ha NOi. Hd Chi Mmh cung thdng bao da tuyen lua 200 du kich de dpi Con Nai huan luyen sir dung siing caebm,
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TAP CHl UCH suf BANG 8-201S M.A.S, tidu lien Tdmxon, Bazoka, lira dan...Nguoi nhin mgnh su bgt binh ciia nhan dan Vipt Nam ddi vcri ngucri Phap va kien quyet bac bd viec dd Trung iiy Monfort (ngucri Phap) di cimg toan quan My cQng nhu bat ky ngucri Phiip nao ddn hogt dgng tai day. Tuy nhien, Hd Chi Minh vin ydu ciu Thomas nho phia My bao cho nha chiie trach Phap bidt ring Mat tran Viet Minh sin sang ndi chuydn voi dgi didn Phap, die bipt vd Tuydn bd (ngay 24-3- 1945-TG) cua Chinh phu Phap vd Ddng Duong. Thidu ta Thomas nhan xet ring: "Ong Hd la nguoi rit hidu bidt va cd hgc, nhung tdi khdng he biet dng la cdng san. Tdi khdng bidt dng ndi duge tieng Nga, tdi ciing Ididng biet dng da timg ddn Nga. Tdi cam thay dng rat chan thanh. Ong lit mdt ngudi qua quydt. Liic dd Sli mgng chinh ciia tdi lii quan s\r thuan tuy.
Tdi chi hcfi nghi ngd vi binh si ciia dng six d\mg kidu chiio bat tay. Nhung khi tdi ndi chuydn dd vdi Pheland vii Tan thi ca hai deu cam thay ro rang rang Hd Chi Minh khdng phai lii mdt ngudi cdng siin giao didu, ring dng lii mdt ngudi ydu nudc chan chinh"^ Cudi thang 7-1945, do dieu kidn lam viec hdt siic Idiam khd va thidu thdn vdi nhihig bita an dgm bgc chi cd mang ning cham mudi vung, com chan nudc che xanh nen Hd Chi Minh bi dm nang, tuy da udng thudc ky ninh vii thudc cam do Paul Hoagland, mpt thanh vidn dgi Con Nai cung cip, nhung Ngucri vin liic tinh, liic me.
Ngay 26-7-1945, ddng chi Vd Nguydn Giap ddn bao cao vdi Ngudi ve vide miiy bay Ddng minh se tha dii vil khi cho ta. Du dang met nhung Ngudi vin true tidp danh may cdng van va phan cdng cac ddng chi Pham Quy, Viet Bac, Minh Diic ciing ba dpi cdng tac di lap ba dai thdng tin luu ddng d Hii Giang, Cao Blng, Lgng Son nhim flidng bag flidi tidt, tim dia
didm cho may bay tha du va ciiu phi cdng phdng khi may bay gap su cd. Theo thoa thu|n vdi Hd Chi Mmh, trong cac ngay 27,28 vii 29- 7-1945, Thidu ta Thomas, bmh nhit Prunier cung 6 ngudi linh Viet Minh di flii sat duong sd 3 va Chg Chu flmdc tmh Thai Nguydn. Ti ngay 1 ddn ngay 6-8-1945, nhiing ngudi linh Ddng minh phdi hgp vdi Viet Minh d\mg trji huin luypn vh tir sd tan binh da chgn ra 40 ngudi linh tre cd tridn vgng dd huin luy^n ngay. Lanh ty Hd Chi Mmh da dat ten cho d^i quan nay lit bo dpi Viet - My, do ddng chi Dam Quang Trung iam Dgi dpi trudng, Thidu ta Thgmas tu nhSn liim tham muu trudng, Ngay 7-8-1945, ddi Con Nai cung dai ddi Viet- MJ chuydn den Khudi Kich, xa Tan Trao dd hu^
luydn quan sy: tir do dgc, lau chiii vu khi, cdch su dung Sling cdi, lyu dan va tiip ban cacbm.
Trudc khi Qudc dSn Dai hdi Tan Triio bd mac, cac don vi quan sy cimg ddi Con Nai chuin bi tidn vd xudi. Liic dd Hd Chi Minh tuy met, nhung v i n nam tren cang den gap VS Nguyen Giap va Thomas dd chia tay hg. Thomas pliat vu khi da dugc ddi Con Nai dung dd huin luyen cho cac ehidn sy va nhac hg san simg ien dudng. Ngiiy 17-8-1945, iyc lugng Vidt-MJ chia hai nhdm cimg hudng ve thi xii Thai Nguyen dd tin cdng quan Nhgt: nhdm thii nlat cd VS Nguydn Giap, Thomas cimg mdt trung ddi Vipt Minh; nhdm thii hai gdm cac thanli vidn cdn lgi di cung luc lugng Vipt Minh do Dam Quang Trung chi huy. Trgng chuydn hanh quan, tinh bgn giua VS Nguydn Giap w Thomas trd nen gan bd. Thgmas kd lai
"Chuyen di bd xuydn qua nhiing vimg ddi niii lii khoang thdi gian tdi gan giii nhat vdi V6 Nguydn Giap. Liic dd tdi hon 30 tuoi va dng c6 le chi hom tdi ba mdi. Ong kd cho tdi nghe ring vg va chi dau cua dng da chet trong nha til cila
KYNIEM 70 NAM CACH MANG THANG TAM VA QUOC KHANH2-9(1945-2015)
Phap. Ong cd tinh thdn ehdng Phap rdt manh va khdng nghi ngd gi, dng la ngudi rdn rdi.
Ngudi Phdp gpi dng Id ngpn mii lua bi tuyit bao phli. Ong ludn biit kiim chi ban than va rdt thdng minh, cd hpe. Quan lmh eua dng tdn thd dng. Tdi rdt min dng'"*. Khuya ngay 22-8- 1945, ti-en dudng vi Ha Ndi, khi nghi tai Thai Nguyen, tuy cdn yiu met nhung Hd Chi Minh vdn di gap Thoraas di hdi thdm tinh hinh.
Ngdy 25-8-1945, Hd Chi Minh va cac ddng chi Cling di dd vi din Ha NOi. Ngay 26-8-1945, Ngudi mdi com trua A. Patti (dd theo may bay Ddng mmh din Ha Ndi tir ngay 22-8-1945).
Ngay 9-9-1945, cde thanh vien dpi Con Nai eung dupc vao Ha Ndi, noi Viet Mmh da tiip qudn bang eupe Cach mang Thang Tam lich su. Cd dpi d trong rapt ngdi nhd do Viet Minh sdp xep, hp dupc ddi xu rat tdt vd cd thi di thdm Ha Ndi nhu nhirng vi khach du lich.
Ngdy 1-9-1945, Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh mdi Patti vd Greleeki tdi du biia com than mat trudc ngay le Ddc ldp, cung du tiep cd ede ddng ehi Vo Nguyen Giap, Hoang Minh Giam.
Ngudi da td long cam on su giiip dd eho phong tido giai phong dan tpc Vipt Nam cua nhung ngudi ban My trong co quan dich vu chien lupe OSS, Ngudi cung khdng quen nhac den nhutig nhan nhan vdt da timg quen biet, gap gd nhu tudng Chennault, Dai ta Helliwell, Thieu ta Thomas, Dai uy Holland vd hy vpng tinh thdn hpp tac huu ai do se tiep tue phat trien.
Ngay 15-9-1945, trude khi trd ve Cdn Minh, Thiiu ta Thomas dupc mdi tdi an tdi ciing Chii tich Hd Chi Minh va Vo Nguyen Gidp. Trong bfia dn, Thomas da thang than hdi Hd Chi Minh eo phdi la ddng vien edng sdn hay khdng, Ngudi khdng dinh va ndi: "Nhung chung ta vdn ed thd Id ban, diing khdng nao?".
Vai trd eiia OSS tai Vipt Nara nam 1945 da
tid thdnh rapt van de gdy tranh cai. Nhieu nha nghien cfiu cho rdng nhfing hoat ddng cua OSS, dac biet la hoat ddng eua dpi Con Nai vd Patti la edng eu dem lai quyen luc cho Viet Minh. Nhung chinh Thieu td Thomas eho rang: "Nhieu ngudi cung ndi rang vi ed sy ung hd eua chiing tdi Hd Chi Minh radi gidnh dupe quyen lue. Tdi khdng tin dieu do. Tdi chac la dng cd gdng su dung thuc te la ngudi My cho dng radt sd trang thiet bi. Ong dd tac dpng de nhiiu ngudi Viet Nam tin tudng rdng ehiing tdi la ban Ddng minh. Nhung cd rat nhieu ly do giai thieh viec dng gidnh dupc quyin iqc vd do khdng phdi vi chiing tdi tiang bj vu khi cho tren dudi mdt tidm eon ngudi"'. Mdc du vai thanh vien cua OSS dudng nhu dai didn cho s\i iing hp chinh thdc ciia My danh eho mdt nude Vi^t Nam ddc lap, nhung hp lai khdng phai la cde nha ngoai giao dai dien cho chinh sach ddi ngoai Clia My. Nha su hpc My Stein Tonesson thi nh^n dinh rang don gidn su hien dien eua ngudi My ehi ed vai trd Iam tang nhup khi hon cho Viet Mmh ma thdi.
1. Di tich lich sic luu niem ve Chu tfch Ho Chi Minh tren ddt Tuyen Quang. Sa Vdn hod. The thao va Du Ifch Tuyen Quang, 2010, tr. 46
2, 3,4,5. OSS vd H6 Chi Mmh, Nxb Thi giai, H, 2006, tr.299, 311, 333,464.
