Do thi hoa vung dong biing song Cmi Long dnoi goc do dan so va nguon nhan luc
Pham Xuan Thu<">
Tdm tat: Cd nhieu khia cgnh de ddnh gid qud Irinh vd mice do dd thi hda. Trong phgm vi bdi viet, tdc gid xem xet qud trinh do thi hda cdc tinh thudc ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long (DBSCL) d khia cgnh ddn sd vd ngudn nhdn luc; qua do cung cdp mdt gdc nhin ve qud trinh dd thi hda, xdc dinh nhitng vdn de md khu vuc ndy dang phdi ddi mat vd cdn luuy nhdm giiip cdc nhd hogch dinh chinh sdch gidi quyet cdc thdch thicc hien hihi.
TiJr khoa: Dd thi hda, Dan sd, Ngudn nhan lyc, Ddng bang sdng Cim Long
Abstract: There are various different aspects for assessing the process and degree of urbanization. The paper examines the urbanization process ofthe Mekong Delta provinces in terms of population and human resources, through which providing a perspective on the urbanization process in a whole, uncovering noteworthy issues the region is facing that could help policymakers address existing challenges.
Keywords: Urbanization, Population, Human Resources, Mekong Delta 1. Bat van de
0 Viet Nam, cac chien lugc phat trien kinh te - xa hdi trong timg giai doan va chien lugc phat trien vimg cho thiy, dd thi hda la can thiet de thiie day thye hien cac muc tieu cdng nghiep hda ya hien dai hoa dat nudc. Chinh phu Viet Nam da dac biet chii trgng phat trien he thdng do thi thdng qua cac chien lugc va cbinh sach dau tu phat trien cac vung, trong do cd vung DBSCL.
DBSCL cd vi tri dia ly nam d cue Nam ciia Viet Nam (vung Tay Nam bd), vdi 3 mat Ddng, Nam va Tay Nam giap bidn '•' TS., Tmong Cao dJing Kinh te D6i Ngoai;
Email: phamxuanthu@gmail.com
(cd dudng bd bien dai 700 km), phia Tay cd dudng bien gidi giap vdi Campuehia, phia Bac giap vdi vimg kinh td Ddng Nam bd. Dien tich tu nhien toan vimg la 39.747 k m l DBSCL cd 13 don vi hanh chinh bao gdm: 1 thanh phd true thudc Trang uong (thanh phd Can Tho) va 12 tinh (Long An, Ddng Thap, An Giang, Tidn Giang, Ben Tre, VTnh Long, Tra Vmh, Hau Giang, Kien Giang, Sdc Trang, Bac Lieu va Ca Mau) (https://canthoproraotion.vn/
index.php/dongbangongcuulong/). Dan sd toan vung tinh so bd den nara 2017 la 17,73 8 ttieu ngudi (Tdng cue Thdng ke, gso.gov.
vn). Vdi vi tti dia ly, tai nguyen thien nhien thuan Igi, DBSCL ed tam quan trgng dac biet ddi vdi qua trinh phat trien kinh td -
Tlgmn goc ddng hg..
xa hdi dit nudc va cd nhidu lgi the de phat cdn 0,4% (Niin gidm thdng ki cac nam tft ttidn bSnvftng ttong bdi canh hdi nhap kmh 2001-2017). Day la vkn dk can nghien ciiu te qudc te. sau khi hoach dinh ehinh sach phat ttidn
Vimg DBSCL ddng gdp kha ldn vao khu vuc nay, dac biet la muc do dap ung ndn kinh te chung cua ca nudc, chiem mdt cua ngudn nhan lyc ddi vdi qua trinh tang phan quan ttgng trong tang tmdng kinh te tdc do dd thi hda ttong thdi gian tdi.
cua Viet Nam tft nam 1995 den nay. Phat ttien kinh te d khu vyc DBSCL da thuc day qua tiinh do thi hda va chuyen ddi kinh td nhanh chdng ttong ba thap nien qua, giup giam ngheo ca d ndng thdn va thanh thi.
Viec phan tich va danh gia qua trinh va muc do dd thi hda vung DBSCL dudi gdc do dan sd va ngudn nhan lyc gdp phan xae dinh cac xu hudng, co hgi, thach thuc va uu tien chinh sach can thuc hien de ed the phat ttien cac do thi ragt each ben vung.
2. Qua trinh do thi hda vung dong bang sdng Cun Long
2.1. Tie gdc dd ddn so
Dan sd tnmg binh khu vyc DBSCL giai doan 1995-2005 khoang 16,24 ttieu dan, chiem 21,0% dan sd ca nudc; giai doan 2005-2015 khoang 17,23 ttieu va giai doan 2015-2017 khoang 17,66 trieu, chidra ian
Trong khu vyc DBSCL, Can Tho cd ty le dan sd thanh thi chiem 67,1%, cao hon mue ttung binh khu vuc 2,63 Ian va ttung binh ca nudc 1,92 ian, chi diing sau thanh phd Ho Chi Minh (80,8%) va cao hon Ha Ndi (58,9%). Ben canh dd, cac tirdi trong khu vuc cd ty le dan sd thanh thi cao hon muc trung binh cua vung la An Giang (chilm 30,7%), Sdc Trang (30,6%), Kien Giang (29,5%), Bac Lieu (29,3%) va Hau Giang (25,8%) {Nien gidm thdng ke ndm 2017).
Trong giai doan 1995-2010, muc do dd thi hda tang nhanh chdng tai cac tinh An Giang, Kien Giang, Can Tho, Hau Giang, Sdc Trang, Bac Lieu (nhdm 1). Trong dd.
Can T h a cd muc tang dan cu dd thi cao va ldn nhat toan vung sau khi tach tu Hau Giang (tft 14% dan cu dd thi nam 1995 len
Hinh 1. Bien dong dan cu- thanh thi cic tinh DBSCL co ty le dan cu- thanh thi cao giai do^n 1995-2017 lugt khoang 19,8% va 19,1% dan sd ca 4 9 , 3 % nam 2005 va tang len 65,8% nam nudc. Dan so khu vyc nay ttong nhung nam 2010); tiep den la Kien Giang (tu 16,4%
qua lien tuc tang, tuy nhien muc tang chi nam 1995 len 25,4%» nam 2010). Hai tinh/
bang khoang 50% mftc tang dan sd brah thanh nay ddu dat muc tang binh quan qimn ca nudc tinh tft nam 1995 ddn nay. nam tren 1 diera phan ttam, cao hon rauc Ndu nhu giai doan 1995-
2005, muc tang dan sd binh quan ca nudc dat 1,3%» thi
khu vyc DBSCL chi dat *• •" " " -B-DBSCL 0,8%; giai doan 2005-2015,
mftc tang dan sd binh quan ca nudc giam xudng cdn 1,1% till khu vuc DBSCL giam xudng cdn 0,5%; va giai doan 2015-2017, miic
tang dan sd binh quan ca 1995 2000 2003 2010 2013 2016 2017 nudc la 1,0%) thi DBSCL chi Ngudn: Nien gidm thing ke ckc xam 1995,2000,2010,2017.
52 Thong Hn Khoa hgc xa h6i, sd 6.2019
Hinh 2. Bien ddng dan cu- th^nh thi c^c tinh BBSCL c6 ty 1^ dan cu- th^nh thi thap
^fcLongAn
tang binh quan nam cua ca nudc (0,9 didm • cu khoang 250 nghin ngudi, ttong khi xuat phan ttam/nara) va toan vung DBSCL (0,7 eu khoang 1,2 ttieu ngudi - chu ydu la den diem phan ttam/nam). Muc do dd thi hda vimg Ddng Nam bd va thanh phd Hd Chi tang dot bien d hai tuih/thanh nay la do Minh {Niin gidm thing ke cac nam 1995, viec quyet dinh nang edp dd thi keo theo 2000, 2010, 2017).
mdt loat dy an phat ttien dd thi dugc ttien khai tai cac dia phuong nay. Sdc Trang cung la tinh cd muc tang trudng do thi hda kha cao trong giai doan nay (0,5 didm %>/
nam) (Xem hinh 1).
Trong sd cac tinh cd ty le dan cu thanh thi thap giai doan 1995-2017 (nhdm 2), Ca Mau la tinh
c6 muc do do thi hda cao nhat (tu 16,9%
nam 1995 Ien 22,7%. nam 2017), Ben Tre van dugc xem la tinh thuan ndng (vdi 4,9%
nam 1995 va chi dat 10,7% nam 2017).
Giai doan 1995-2010, hau het cac cac tinh thudc vung DBSCL cd X^/ le dan cu dd thi
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 Ngudn: Nien gidm thing ke cac nSm 1995, 2000, 2010, 2017.
Ket qua phan tich tren cho thay sy phan hda ro ret ve mftc do dd thi hda giua hai nhdm tinh/thanh thudc DBSCL. Cac tinh thudc nhdra 2 (tru Ca Mau la tinh cd the dat dugc rauc do do thi hda tmng binh do cd su dau tu Idn tu cac dy an khi dien dam eua nganh dau khi) khdng cd dieu kien dau tang, ttong dd hai tinh cd raiic tang cao
nhat d nhdm nay la Tra Vinh (tir 5,9% nam tu co sd ha tang de phat trien kinh te do thi.
1995 Ien 15,4% nam 2010, vdi muc tang Trong do, Ben Tre la tinh tut hau xa so vdi binh quan 0,9 diem %/nam) va Ben Tre cac tinh cdn lai ve muc do do thi hda. Day (mftc tang binh quan 0,5 diem phan ttam/ la van de can dugc xem xet khi hoach dinh nam). Giai doan 2010-2017, da sd cac tinh chinh sach phat ttien vimg DBSCL.
thudc nhdm nay cd muc do tang trudng Tmh ttang dich cu Idn dien ra song vd dan cu do thi At thap (0,1 diem phan song vdi qua tiinh chuydn ddi kinh td tram/nam) hoac khdng tang (hinh 2). Cd ndng nghiep, ndng thdn cua vung DBSCL.
thd ndi, muc do san xuat cdng nghiep d Nhieu ndng dan bi mat raong dat dan den cac khu vyc nay cdn thap, cac tinh nay chu
yeu hoat dgng san xuat ndng nghiep.
Dan sd toan vung ttong giai doan 1995- 2017 tang khoang 2,2 trieu, tuc tdc do tang
mdt lugng lao ddng bi du thua theo mua, hg chuyen dich sang cae nganh ckn it nhan cdng hon (ching ban chuydn tu san xudt lua gao sang tiiuy san). 13 tinh/thanh cua vimg bmh quan la 0,617%/nam, ttong khi tang cd tinh ttang xuat cu, trong dd Hau Giang, ty nhien khoang 1,017%/nam, cho thay cd Ca Mau, Bac Lieu, Bdn Tre, An Giang, Tra radt lugng xuat cu ldn klidi vung. Ty suat Vinh, Soc Trang la cac tinh cd ty suit xuit xuat cu binh quan khoang 6,7%o/nam. Tu cu cao. Theo mdt nghien ciiu gin day cua nam 2005 ddn 2017, tdng sd ngudi nhap GS. Alex Chapman (Bai hgc Southampton,
Hguon gdc ddng hg... 53 Vuong qudc Anh) va GS. Van Pham Dang
Tri (T)ai hgc Can Tho), lan sdng di cu gia tang ttong mgt thap nien qua da khien vimg DBSCL mat di 1 ttieu dan tten tdng dan sd khoang 17,7 ttieu ngudi. Cu the la, cd 1,7 ttieu dan di cu khdi vimg nay, ttong khi chi cd khoang 700 nghm dan den dinh cu d day.
Ty le di cu nay cao gap ddi muc trung binh cua ca nudc (Bdo cdo Biin ddi khi hdu vitng DBSCL - The Conversation, 2016).
Tinh ttang ngheo ddi ciing dan den di cu, khien muc do phan hda dd thi giiia cac vung d mue eao va tinh trang di cu xay ra nhieu hon ttong -cac nam qua. Tinh ttang ngheo ddi d do thi va ndng thdn cua cac tinh DBSCL da cd nhiing cai thien tft nam 2010 den 2015, ty le ngheo ddi binh quan cua vimg giam tft 14,0% xudng cdn 5,1%, giam 9,1 diera phan tram. Tuy nhien, nara 2016 miic do ngheo cua vung tang dot nggt (Ien 8,8%, tang 3,7 didm phan trara so vdi nam 2010) (Nien gidm thong ke cac
nara 2010, 2015, 2017). Ly giai cho tinh ttang nay la do cd sy xam ngap man sau vao ddng rudng va cac khu vyc dd thi ven sdng dan den ttdng trgt, ehan nudi thuy san hi anh hudng nghiem ttgng. Dieu nay cho thay cac tinh thudc DBSCL bi phu thuge nhieu vao bien ddi khi hau va rat de xay ra tinh ttang tai ngheo, dac biet la d cac khu vuc ven sdng.
2.2. Tie gdc do ngudn nhdn luc Theo Tdng cue Thdng ke, lyc lugng lao dgng cua vimg DBSCL nam 2017 khoang 10,6 ttieu ngudi, chiem ty trgng 19,35% tdng lyc lugng lao dgng cua ca nudc. Tdng sd lao ddng tai khu vuc thanh thi vimg DBSCL la 2,75 ttieu ngudi (Men gidm thdng ke ndm 2017).
Lyc lugng lao ddng cua vimg nam 2017 tang 468 nghin ngudi so vdi nam 2010, tiic tang khoang 4,6%, thap hon rauc tang chung eua ca nude (8,8%). Nam 2017, cac tinh trong vimg cd ty ttgng lyc lugng lao Bang 1. Lyc luong lao dong tir 15 tuoi tro* len phan theo dia phuong
(Dan vi: Nghin ngu&i)
Nam Ca nu-6'c DBSCL Long An TiSn Giang BSn Tre Tra Vinh Vmh Long D6ng Thap An Giang Kien Giang CanThcr Hau Giang Soc Trang Bac Lieu C a M a u
2010 50.393 10.129 854 1.012 793 584 613 989 1.255 966 681 456 762 488 677
2014 53.74S 10.2S9 891 1.051 809 610 628 1.017 1.218 1.007 700 453 700 506 700
2015 S3.9S4 10.335 893 1081 809 611 628 1.018 1.219 1005 693 463 704 507 704
2016 54.445 10.519 899 1.102 807 616 630 1.112 1.228 1.006 713 472 712 513 709
2017 54.S24 10.597 901 1.113 810 619 636 1.121 1.234 l.OOS
727 480 723 516 710
Ty trong 2017
100
-
«,5 10,5 7,6 5,8 6,0 10,6 11,6 9,5 6,9 4,5 6,8 4,9 6,7 Nguon: Nien gidm thong ke nam 2017.
54 Thong Hn Khoa hpc xa hgi. s6 5.2019 ddng cao la An Giang (11,6%), Ddng Thap
(10,6%), Tidn Giang (10,5%), Kien Giang (9,5%) va Long An (8,5%). So vdi nam 2010, muc tang ve luc lugng lao ddng cao nhat la Ddng Thap (13,3%) va Tidn Giang (10,1%); cac tinh cd mftc tang tmdng am ve lyc lugng lao ddng la Soc Trang (giam 5,1%, tuong duong giara 39 nghin ngudi) va An Giang (giam 1,7%, tuong duong giam 21 nghin ngudi) (Tinh toan cua tac gia tft bang 1).
Ve tinh ttang that nghiep va thieu viec lara eua lyc lugng lao ddng trong do tudi phan theo vung va thanh thi nara 2017, DBSCL chiera 5,3%), tuong duang khoang 145 nghin ngudi, cao hon cac khu vyc khac va muc trung binh cua ca nudc (4,0%), xap
xi khu vyc BSc Trung bd va duyen hai mien Trung (5,2%) (bang 2). Dieu nay cd the dan tdi viec di cu lao ddng tft khu vuc nay tdi khu vuc Ddng Nam bg se tiep tuc dien ra ttong thdi gian tdi.
vi chdt lugng ngudn nhdn liec, ty Ie lao ddng da qua dao tao cua khu vyc DBSCL cd muc tang tmdng gan gap ddi ttong 15 nam qua, tii 5,8% nam 2000 Ien 10,4%
nam 2015, dac biet vai nam ttd lai day cd muc tang tmdng nhanh tii 7,9% nara 2010 len 10,4% nara 2015 va 12,2% nam 2016, muc tang tuong iing so vdi nam 2010 la 2,5 va 4,3 didm phkn ttam. Ty Ie lao ddng cd trinh do chuyen mdn dai hge tang tft 1,8%
nam 2000 Ien 2,9%i nam 2010 va 5,5% nam 2016, tang gap 3 ian so vdi nam 2000 va Bang 2. Ty le that nghiep va thieu viec 1am cUa luc luong lao dong trong do tuoi
phSn theo viing va theo thanh thj
(Dan vi: %)
Khu vuc Ca nuoc DBSCL Bong Nam bp Dong bSng song Hong Bac Trung b6 va duyen hai miSn Trung
2010 Thdt nghiep
4,3 4,1 4,7 3,7 5,0
Thieu viec 1,8 2,8 0,6 1,6 2,9
Ting 6,1 6,9 5,3 5,3 7,9
2015 That nghiep
3,4 3,2 3,1 3,4 4,5
Thieu viec 0,8 1,6 0,3 0,8 1,4
Tdng 4,2 4,S 3,4 4,2 5,9
2017 That nghiep
3,2 3,6 2,8 3,2 4,0
Thifiu vice
0,8 1,7 0,5 0,6 1,2
Tdng 4,0 5,3 3,3 3,S 5,2 Ngudn: Nien gidm thong ke ndm 2017.
Bang 3. Tang tru&ng ty le lao dong da qua dio tao eda khu vuc DBSCL
(Donvi: %) Nam
Tong so Day nghe Trung cap Cao dang Dai hpc tro len
2000 5,S 1,2 2,0 0,8 1,8
2005 6,6 1,4 2,2 0,9 2,1
2010 7,9 1,8 2,1 1,1 2,9
2015 10,4 2,4 2,3 1,2 4,5
2016 12,2 2,6 2,6 1.5 5,5 Nguon: Bdo cdo Dieu tra Lao a 'iec ldm cac nam 2009, 2014; Nien gidm thdng ke nam 2017.
1,9 lan so vdi nam 2010, ttong khi dd lao dgng cd tay nghe trung cap va day nghd cd muc tang thap hon, tuong iing 1,6 va 1,3 Ian (Xem bang 3).
Ty Ie thanh nien tham gia lyc lugng lao ddng cd sy chenh lech gifta nam (61,1%) vanu (55,1%) va khdng ddng ddu gifta cac vung, d khu vyc ndng thdn cao hon khu vuc thanh thi tdi 16,8 didm phan trara. 6 ca nhdra nam gidi va nft gidi deu cd su chenh lech gifta khu vyc ndng thdn va thanh thi,- song rauc do chenh lech cua nara gidi (18,8 diem phan tram) ldn hon cua nft gidi (14,4 diem phan tram) {Niin gidm thdng ki ndm 2017).
Tat ca cac tinh/thanh thudc khu vuc DBSCL deu cd su tang tmdng vd ty Id lao ddng da qua dao tao tft nam 2010 den nam 2017, trong dd: Can Tho la 9,2 diem phan tram so vdi nam 2010; Ddng Thap 8,8 didm
phan tram, cao hon rauc tang binh quan ca nudc la 6,8 diem phan tram va cua khu vyc DBSCL la 4,2 diem phan tram; tiep ddn la Vinh Long (5,5 diem phan ttam). Long An (4,7 diem phan ttam). An Giang (4,4 didm phan ttam) (Xem bang 4).
Phan tich tren cho thay, tuy DBSCL cd luc lugng lao dgng ddi dao nhung lyc lugng lao ddng da qua dao tao chidm ty le rat thap. Dd thi hda dSn ddn nhu ciu dao tao ngudn nhan lyc d DBSCL cao.
Hien tai, toan vung cd 42 tmdng dai hgc, cao dang va 30 trudng trung cap chuyen nghiep (bao gdra ca nhiing tmdng mdi cd quydt dinh thanh lap). Mac dit DBSCL cd nhieu co sd dao tao nhan lyc nhung sd lugng va chat lugng van chua dap ung dugc nhu cau cua dia phuong. Ben canh do, ngudn ngan sach nha nudc ddu tu cho giao due - dao tao, day nghe d viing Bang 4. Ty le lao dong tu IS tuoi tro' \tn dang lam viec trong n^n kinh ti
da qua dao tao phan theo dia phuong
(Dan vy. %) Nam
Ca nmi'c BBSCL Long An Tien Giang Ben Tre Tra Vinh VTnh Long Dong Thap An Giang Kien Giang c a n Tha Hau Giang Soc Trang Bac Lieu CaMau
2010 14,6 7,9 9,7 8,9 9,0 8,1 7,8 6,0 7,2 9,4 11,8 5,7 5,7 6,7 5,8
2014 18,2 10,3 10,9 8,9 9,4 13,0 12,0 8,7 9,8 9,3 16,9 9,7 10,4 9,6 7,1
2015 19,9 11,4 11,8 13,0 12,5 10,3 13,7 10,8 8,5 10,5 18,5 11,4 9,9 8,6 9,7
2016 20,6 12,0 12,6 11,7 12,2 11,7 14,4 11,6 10,1 12,3 19,9 9,8 9,8 9,9 10,2
2017 21,4 12,1 14,4 10,2 12,S 11,7 13,3 14,8 11,6 10,6 21,0 8,8 9,8 8,2 9,6
2017 so vdi 2010 6,8 4,2 4,7 1,3 3,8 3,6 5,5 S,8 4,4 1,2 9,2 3,1 4,1 1,5 3,8 Nguon: Nien gidm thong ke nam 20! 7.
56 Thdng Hn Khoa hgc xa npi. 50 o.iiuii DBSCL cdn thap so vdi nhu cau thuc td,
cung nhu so vdi muc binh quan chung cua ca nudc va chua tuong xiing vdi quy rad, vi tri cfta vung DBSCL.
3. Mdt sd de xuat nh^m phat tri^n do thi vung dong bang song Cfru Long
De phat ttien cae do thi d cae tinh thudc vimg DBSCL, gan vdi van de dan sd do thi va ngudn nhan luc phyc vu cho vide phat ttien dd thi, can c6 nhftng co che va chinh sach cu the gan vdi ddi sdng va viec lam cho khu vuc nay. Mgt sd dd xuat cu the la:
3.1. Vi ca che vd chinh sdch phdt trien do thj
- Chinh phu can cung cap tai chinh cho viec phat trien dd thi tai cac tinh thuge vung DBSCL vdi c a che phan phdi hgp Iy, tien tien, bao gdm quan he ddi tac cdng tu dang ndi Ien d cac vimg ndng thdn dang dan dd thi hda. Vi du ve he thdng cung cap dien va nudc cho cae khu vyc eua vimg, eac doanh nghiep tu nhan da ddng vai trd phan phdi tdt, bg may khdng cdng kenh va do dd giam dugc chi phi.
- Ket ndi cac dia diem, cac dja phuong cd CO sd ha tang tdt ban (dac biet cac khu vuc cd the manh ve kinh te) vdi cac khu vyc lan can de dan dat cac khu vyc nay phat ttien. Chang han lay Can Tba, Ca Mau, Kien Giang... lam dau tau ttong viec thuc day muc do do thi hda khu vyc.
- Ket ndi va lien ket tdt mang ludi phuong tien giao thdng va mang ludi dien gifta cac thanh phd nhd hon de thu hut cac nganh cdng nghiep tft cac thanh phd ldn (khi ma chi phi dat dai, dich vu, nhan cdng d cac thanh phd Idn la rat dat). Phat trien cac nganh cdng nghiep tai cac thanh phd nhd lam co sd cung cap san pham cho cac thanh phd ldn, va phat ttien cac dich vy ha tang tai eac thanh phd ldn Iam co sd ket ndi phat trien cac do thi nhd.
3.2. Viphdt triin nguon nhdn Itic cho do thi
- Trong 10 nam ttd Iai day, DBSCL da xay dyng va phat ttidn nhieu tmdng dai hgc, la cd sd cho viec phat trien ngudn nhan lyc dd thi trong vung, tuy nhien chat lugng dao tao cung can dugc kiem dinh thudng xuyen. Nhieu tinh ttong vimg dang ky vgng vao co sd dao tao ngudn nhan lyc chat lugng cao tu thanh phd Can Tho.
- Hoan thien mang ludi trudng ldp, thye hien kien cd hda, chuan hda ca sd vat chit tmdng, ldp hgc d tat ca cac cap hgc, dap ling yeu cau nang cao chat lugng giao dye - dao tao nham muc tieu phat trien ngudn nhan lyc khi thuc hien do thi hda cac vimg ndng thdn.
- Mdi dia phuong va timg co sd giao dye - dao tao trong khu vyc DBSCL xay dyng ke hoach phat ttien ddi ngu giao vien, giang vien va can bd quan ly giao due - dao tao cac cap du ve sd lugng, hgp ly ve co cau va dam bao chat lugng. Day manh dao tao dgi ngft giang vien cd ttinh do cao de bat kip vdi viec dd thi hda cho timg dia phuong theo quy rad va nang lyc phat ttien dd thi ciia timg tinh trong khu vuc.
- c a n gan raang ludi he thdng co sd dao tao vdi dac thu timg dia phuang trong qua trinh dd thi hda. Chu trgng dau tu, nang cap, md rdng mang ludi cac tmdng dao tao, da dang hda cac loai hinh dao tao, day manh dao tao lien thdng, tao co hdi hgc tap cho nhieu ngudi.
4. Ket luan
Su tang tmdng kinh td cua viing DBSCL chil yeu dugc thuc day bdi hai do thi ldi la c a n Tho va Kien Giang cung vdi cac vimg kinh td phu can. Cac khu cdng nghiep, dac biet la san xuat che tao, tap trung d cac do thi ldn cua vimg va cac vung lan can, hoac tai cac tinh tidp giap vdi bidn. Day la nhung
Rguon goc dong hg..
vimg hoat ddng kinh te manh, thu hut lyc lugng lao ddng cd ky nang cao, cung cd va tang cudng su tap trung kinh te. Can Tho cimg cac viing lan can cd vai ttd ttgng yeu de tdi da hda Igi ich tft sy tap trung kinh te va tang cudng kha nang canh tranh cua nen kmh td vung DBSCL.
Cung cap CO sd ha tang va dich vu d cac khu dd thi ddng dan cu thudng re hon d cae khu vyc ndng thdn, tuy nhien tdc do tang dan sd nhanh chdng la mdt thach thftc ldn ddi vdi nhieu khu vyc do thi d cac tinh/
thanh ndi chung va khu vyc DBSCL ndi rieng. Nhiing thach thftc nay chu ydu lien quan den tinh ttang thieu nha d, thidu c a sd ha tang va dich vu, cac dang tac nghen khac nhau ve thoat nudc va giao thdng. Di cu cung tao ra sy thieu hut ve ngudn nhan luc, dac bidt la ngudn nhan lyc cd tay nghe, phuc vu cho qua trinh dd thi hda cua tftng tinh ttong vung DBSCL. Tuy nhien, han che di cu, ttong do cd ngudn nhan luc cd tay nghe, khdng phai la giai phap vi van de khdng phai la dan sd dd thi tang tradng nhanh chdng ma la can phai cd chien lugc, chinh sach va ke hoach chu ddng (va y chi chinh tri) de thich iing vdi nd a
Tai lieu tham khao
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