s i r THAM GIA CUA HOI CHU^ THAP DO TRONG LTNG P H O VCJI BIEN DOI KHI HAU DUA VAO CONG DONG 6 HUYEN CAN G l 6 ,
THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
NGUYEN MINH NHUl"*'
Tom tdt: SU tham gia cua Hgi Chd thap do - nhii mot tdchdc xd hgi phi lgi nhuan, gop phdn ciing chinh quyen cham lo, giup dd cong dong khde phuc nhdng kho khdn ban ddu vd giup on dinh, tdi thi^t cuoc sdng sau thien tai / bie'n dot khi hdu. Cdc boat dong cua Hgi Chii thdp do da hiin hihi trong ddi song ngUdi ddn, ditdc thitc hien tiidng doi hieu qud vd ddp Ung dUdc cdc nhu cdu cua xd hoi. No cUng the hien ton chi muc dich cua Hgi ChU thdp do gdn lien vdi viec de cao cdc gid tri nhdn dao, Id kenh thdng tin kieu qud giup ke't not cdc nguon lUc trong oca hgi vdi ngiidi ddn vd cong ddng bi dnh hitdng bdi thien tai/bien doi khihqu.
Tit khda: Hgi Chd thap do; dng pho; bien doi khi hdu; huyen Cdn Gid.
Abstract: Together with the state, the Red Cross acts as a non-profit organization to assist communities in coping with climate changes and reestablish life after disasters / climate change. The Red Cross plays an active role in people's life; their activities have proved effectiveness and relevancy.
They also reflect the vision of the Red Cross: emphasis on humanity and information to connect people to resources.
Keywords: The Red Cross; adaptation; climate change, Can Gio district.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 10/01/2019; Ngdy sda bdi: 20/02/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 27/4/2019.
1, Dat van de xa hdi dien ra trong cdng ddng dan efl De tie'p can nghien cflu cac flng pbd ciing la eac phupng phap bd trp quan bie'n ddi kbi hau (BDKH) dfla vao cdng trpng*''. Ngoai vai tro cua cbinh quyen va ddng, phln Idn cac tac gia sfl dung phfldng ngudi dan, sU tham gia cua cae td ehfle phap lap ban do ton thfldng cdng ddng va xa hdi va cae ed quan chuyen mdn, lap ban do tai san edng ddng de chpn Ifla chuyen nganh trong flng phd vdi BDKH edng ddng nghien cflu phu hdp. Cac phan eung rat dfldc cae nba nghidn cflu ehu y.
tieh so sanh gifla eac tinh ven bien, cae Cac to chflc chinh tri - xa hpi, xa bdi - huyen trong tinb, va cac xa trong huyen nghe nghiep, cac doan the quan chung da dfla de'n vide ehpn Ifla nhflng cong dong ddng vai trd quan trpng trong vide dam thieh hpp nhd't eho nghien cflu. Ben canh
, -. , , . . ^ , , -, ^ • 4.. I. '"' NCS. Khoa Xa hoi hoc, Hoc vi6n Khoa hoc xa hoi.
bang hoi trflc tiep tfl eae hp gia dinh (D ^ ^ y l n Ngoc DiSm (2013), "Truyen thong va thong (HG^), nhflng quan sat thfle te ve sfl phan tin vl thich dng bi^n do'i khi hSu b vung yen bi^n
• _ • Dong bang song CUu Long va mpt so van de dat ra , bd dan efl, tinh hinh kinh td', eac quan he Tap chi Khoa hoc Xd hoi, so8(i92), tr.65-73 Sti 6-2019 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi £ £ ]
su" THAM GIA CUA H 6 I C H C THAP DO TRONG...
bao tinh ben vflng trong phat trien kinh te, xa hpi va bao ve mdi trUdng trdn dia ban tflng dia phUdng. Can tang efldng trach nhidm va nang Iflc eho eac to' chflc, doan the trdn de phat huy cd hidu qua vai trd nay'^'.
Tai thanh phd Ho Chi Minh, Cin Gid la huyen ven bien duy nhat, la dia ban xung yd'u, cd nhieu hp dan sd'ng d ven sdng, ven bie'n trong riifng phdng hp, vung triing tha'p, ludn ed nguy cd bi sat Id, nha efla ddn sd khdng dam bao an toan, va hi anh hudng nang nd' bdi tac ddng cua BDKH.
Viec tim bieu, phan tich va danh gia mdt each khach quan sfl tham gia cua Hdi Chfl thap dd - nhu mpt to' chflc xa hdi trong flng phd vdi BDKH dfla vao edng ddng d huyen Cin Gid dfldi gdc nhin, y kien danh gia eua ngUdi dan ve vai trd va sfl tham gia la mdt yeu cau cap thidt nhdm md ta thflc trang flng pbd vdi BDKH dfla vao
cdng ddng hien nay cua eac to chflc xa hgi ma Hpi Chfl thap do la mot lat cat minh hpa tai cdng ddng dan efl ven bid'n huyen Can Gid.
2. Vai tro cua Hoi Chut t h a p do t r o n g cac h o a t dong ting pho vdi bien doi khi hau dUa vao cong dong
2.1. Hoat dgng phong ngda trUdc khi c6 thien tai/bien doi khi hdu
Hoat dpng chfl thap do la boat dpng nhan dao dfla vao cong dong do Hpi Chii thap dd thflc hidn hoac phoi hdp v6i cac td' chflc, ca nhan thfle hien, trong do cd linh vflc ve flng pho BDKH vdi nhieu each thfle tham gia phong phu va da dang dfldc trien khai rdng rai tai cdng ddng dan efl trong nhflng nam qua. Ke't qua khao sat thflc dia tai huyen Can Gid eho thii'y sfl nhan biet cua ngfldi dan dia phfldng ve sfl tham gia eua Hdi Chfl thdp do trong flng phd vdi BDKH la nhfl sau:
Hinh3.1-. Bietvesutfaam gia cua Hoi Chii thap do trong cac boat dong ung pho thiSn tai/BDKH tai <lia phuong trong thfri gian qua
<N=^14)
• Khong biet
• C6tham giaH$ICh&lh|pa6 e Khdng tham gia H^iCh&lhSpai
Nguon: Sdlieu khao sdt ndm 2018.
Hdn mdt nfla ngUdi dupe hdi (NDH) khang dinb "Cd tham gia Hdi Chfl thdp dd" (59,8%) va hdn 1/5 NDH "kbdng biet".
Nhfl vay, phan Idn ngfldi dan c6 tham gia va bie't ve sfl tham gia cua Hdi Chfl thap
m
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC X A H Ado trong cac hoat dong flng pho vdi thi§n tai/BDKH tai dia phuong trong thSi
'» Le Van Khoa (chu bien), T r i n Trune n f , n „ I ,<,, Dflc Hai, Nguyin Van Vict (2012) o Z d n Z T vdi bien d6i m hdu. Nxb. Giao duo Vi?t Nam. ' '
Sfe-2019
NGUYEN MINH NHUT gian vfla qua. Dieu nay cho thay, cae
boat ddng cua Hdi Chi2 thap do da hien hflu va dfldc thfle hien tfldng dd'i hieu qua trong ddi sd'ng ngfldi dan dia phfldng, dac bidt trong linh vflc flng phd vdi BDKH.
Qua cae eupc phdng vd'n sau, ngfldi dan va can bd lam cdng tac Chfl thap dd cung giup hieu them v^ eae boat dpng iing phd nay.
Hgi viin Hgi Chd thdp do tham gia du cdc linh vUc, thiic hiin nhitng nhiem vu chinh nhd: tuyin tuyin, van ddng ngUdi dan tham. gia cdng tdc sd tdn, van dgng cdc mgnh thUdng qudn hd trO cdc nhu yiu phdm (Nfl, ngfldi dan C i n Thanh).
Khi CO thien tai xdy ra thi lUc lUdng tinh nguyin vien sdn sdng tham gia dng pho trUdc, trong vd sau khi bdo dien ra.
Hgi Cha thap do din tiing dp phdi hdp, hd trg chdng chdng nhd cda, tham gia sd tdn di ddi ddn din ndi tru dn khi cd link.
Khi xdy ra bao gay thiit hgi den nhd ddn, dnh hudng din tinh mang, sde khoe cua ddn thi tham gia sd cdp cdu, khac phuc hdu qud ban ddu, neu cd sap nhd thi tham gia dgn dep ggn gang nhdng thiet hgi. Ngodi ra, phdt hdp cung chinh quyin dia phUdng rd sodt cdc nhu cdu thiit hgi cdn dUdc hd trd, de xudt cdp trin CO chinh sdch cdu trd kip thdi (Nam, can bd Hpi CTD xa Thanh An).
Cac boat ddng flng phd cua Hdi Chfl thap do da len loi vao cae ngde ngach cua tflng khu phd' / d'p vdi cae hoat ddng thiet thue, the hien dfldc tdn ehi muc dich cua Hdi va de cao eae gia tri ve nhan dao.
Kha nang va pham vi hoat ddng cua Hdi Chfl thap dd rat da dang, la diem tfla dang tin cay cua eae dd'i tupng dd bi td'n thUdng trong xa hdi khi flng phd thien tai /BDKH.
Hgi Cha thdp do xd trong thdi gian qua dd to chdc cdc hoat dgng ve cdng tdc xd hdi ta thien, cdc hogt ddng cham lo ngudi gid, tre khuyit tdt ngn nhdn da cam, thdnh lap ddi tuyin truyen tinh hinh thien tai/BBKH hdng ndm tai dia phUdng (Nam, can bd Hdi CTD xa Long Hda).
Khi dng pho thiin tai bdo lU thi Hgi Cha thdp do cUng hgp ddn, phd bien, chi cdch cho minh ddi pho vdi bdo hay la gid gidng ndy kia. Chu thdy lau Idu cung CO dodn xudng hd trd chd khong phdi la khdng c6 (Nam, ngfldi dan xa Long Hda).
Ben canh do, cae boat dpng ehuan bi /phdng ngfla va flng phd thien tai cua Hpi Chfl thap do ludn dupc quan tam td' chflc thflc hien vdi nhie'u hinh thfle va npi dung b tflng giai doan eu thd.
TrUdc khi bdo diin ra, Hdi Chd thdp do van ddng gia dinh cd phUdng tiin di bien thdng tin cho ngddi ddn bii't cd bdo de hg vd bd, tham gia chdng ehd'ng nhd cda vd yeu cdu bd con xdm dp hd trg lan nhau. Trong khi co bdo thi Idc lUdng ndy tham gia sd tdn di ddi ddn ve diem tap kit vd phdi hdp cdng vdi y ti'cua xd cham lo sde khoe ngddi ddn. Sau bdo niu cd thiet hgi thi tham gia giup ddn sda chda nhd, cOu trd vd cdu ngn (Nam, can bd Hdi CTD xa Thanh An).
sti 6-2019 NHAN LUG KHOA HOC X A H M ^
s u THAM GIA CUA HOI CHU THAP DO TRONG..
HiDh 3.2; Hoat dong chuan bi/phong ngva cua Hoi Cbu thap do truoc khi ung pho thien tai/BBKH (N=614)
Van tf^ng ngu-di d3n tiong g6p xSy dl/ng guy cihj IT? f h i & i tai. tS chi/c d i l n t$p ctru hO, c i h i
nan k h ^ n cdp
Tham gia x i y dl/ng phLtcrng a n p h o n g n g i r a v a u n g p h o t b i S n t a i
Truyen ttiong. giao dgc su'cjdioe ua phong chong dich benh
Tap huan thi/c hanh cOng tac xa hgi nhan dao cho can b o . t i n h n g u y ^ n vien
T i p huSn I<i4n thi/c va l(y ndng s o cap c i / u c h o n g u o i d i n
Ngudn: So lieu khao sdt ndm 2018.
Tuong quan v6i 5 hoat dong chuan bi/phong ngila ciia Hoi Chii thap do trU6c khi iing pho thien tai/BDKH thi hoat dong
"Tap huan kie'n thiic va ky nang so cap ciiu cho ngUcii dan" (28,2%) co ty le NDH khang dinh cao hon cac hoat dong khac, la hoat dpng dac trUng cua Hoi Chii thllp do, nham trang bi cho ngUcii dan va cong dong CO them nhiing ky nang mem giup hp til tin hon khi tham gia cac hoat dpng Ung pho thien tai/BDKH.
Hgi Chii thap do co chiic ndng hoat dgng trong link vUc sa cdp cthi vd phong chong thien tai, to chiic cdc ldp huan luyen ue sa cd'p cihi vd cdc ldp ndy Id nen tdng di' pho bie'n kie'n thiic cho ngitdi ddn, cong dong tgo nen mot mang ludi dot so cdp citu vd phong chong thdm hoa d cdc dia phuang (NQ, can bo Hpi CTD Thanh pho).
Day la nhiing hoat dpng dupc cac cap Hpi to chiic dao tao hang nam nhung do han 1 3 NH/iH LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI
che ve nguon luc nen quy mo va hinh thiic to chUc chua dUPc pho bie'n rpng rai trong quan chiing nhan dan.
Mac du, cac hoat dpng "Van dong ngudi dan dong gop xay dUng quy ciiu trd thien tai, to chUc dien tap cUu hp, cUu nan kh^n ca'p"(20,7%) va "Truyen thong, giao due sUc khoe va phong chong dich benh"
(19,2%) la hoat dong nhan dao dUa vao cong dong, dung nguon luc cong dong de Cham lo cho cong d6ng nhung chi c6 khoang 1/5 NDH khing dinh. Cac hoat dpng nay dang co' gSng thay do'i each thiic boat dong cua Hpi Chfl thAp d6 nhjm thu hut su quan tam cua cong d6ng dl thuc hien muc ti<=u "Chung sUc vi nhan dao"
trong Unh vuc Ung pho thien tai/BDKH PhSi hgp luc lugng bg dgi Bien phong hoac luc lugng cdnh sdt phdng ehdy chUa chay td chitc dien tap cong tdc cdu ho cuu ngn khi cd thien tai xdy ra. Ben canh
Sii 1-2019
NGUYEN MINH NHUl' do, con lin phddng dn giup ddn chdng
chdng nhd cda, hd trd chinh quyen dia phddng trong vdn de di ddn vd cham sde sde khoe (Nfl, can bd Hpi Chfl thap dd Thanh phd HCM).
Tuy nhien, kha nang ddng gdp xay dflng quy eiia ngfldi dan C^n Gid ehfla du sfle d^ cham lo nhi^u doi tflpng va thflc te' dai da so' ngfldi dan van chfla biet nbieu ve cac boat ddng nay, eung nhfl chfla tao dflpc hieu flng xa hdi v l sfl tham gia cua ngfldi dan va cdng ddng, chat Iflpng truyen thdng va each thfle td ehflc cdn mang nang tinh hinh thfle.
Cac hoat dpng "T^p hud'n thfle hanh cdng tac xa hpi nban dao eho can bd, tinh nguyen vidn" (17%) cd y nghia rat Idn giup trang bi eac ky nang ein thie't eho can bp, hdi vien, tinb nguyen vien nang eao dflpe tinh ehuyen ngbiep va each thflc td chflc cac hoat ddng xa hpi nhan dao gdp phan Cling chinb quyen tham gia thfle hien phfldng an flng pbd thien tai/BDKH tai dia phfldng. Hpi Chfl thdp dd la mot trong nhiing to' ehfle xa hpi gdp phan chia se cung chinh quyen "Tham gia xay dflng phfldng an phdng ngfla va flng pbd thien tai" (13,9%). Hoat ddng nay th^ bien tinb than va trach nhiem ddi vdi cdng ddng eua cac ca'p Hdi.
Van ddng ngUdi ddn tham gia chdng chdng nhd cda, huy dgng Idc lUdng hd trd cdng tdc sd tdn ddn, phdi hdp ciing vdi trgm y ti'phong chdng dich benh, tdng ve sinh cdc chdi sd tdn, thdc hiin cong tdc cham lo sde khoe, cdng tdc hdu cdn cham to tiing cdi dn, gidc ngu cho ngUdi ddn, khi ngudi ddn cdn sd cihi hay lUOng thUc, thUc phdm, nhu yeu phdm cdn thiet thi Hgi
SJ} 6-2019
Cha thdp do cUng nhU chinh quyen dia phUdng deu hd trd (Nfl, can bd Hdi Chfl
thap dd Can Thanh).
Day la boat ddng mang tinb dinh hudng va ehie'n Iflpc giup ngfldi dan va edng ddng thich flng kip thdi vdi nhflng tac dpng va anh hfldng eua thien tai/BDKH. Tuy nhien, so' NDH khang dinh thap nhd't so vdi cae boat ddng khac.
2.2. Hogt dgng dng phd khdn cdp khi cd thiin tai/ biin doi khi hdu
Nd'i tie'p eae boat dpng chudn bi/phdng ngfla thi boat ddng flng phd eua Hpi Chfl thap dd khi cd thidn tai/BDKH dupc thflc bien bang eac boat ddng "td chflc cflu trp khan cap nhfl: hd trd tien, Ifldng thflc, thfle pham, nfldc udng va nhu edu thid't ye'u khac cho ngfldi dan" (26,6%) chie'm hdn 1/4 NDH, la mdt trong 5 boat ddng dflpc ngfldi dan Ifla chpn nbieu nha't. So vdi cae phfldng an tra ldi khac tbi boat ddng nay cd ty le NDH cao bdn va chie'm Uu the' hdn, phan anb sfl vao eupc kip thdi cua Hdi Chfl thdp dd nhSm cham lo, giiip dd ngfldi dan va edng dong khde phue nbflng khd khan ban dau.
Tdi thdy Hdi Chd thdp do vd cdc ban ngdnh khac khi cd lenh thi tap trung d dia diim dephdn phdt thdc dn, nUdc udng vd bd tri chd d cho ddn. Cdc anh/chi Chd thap do, ngddi ta tich cUc cham lo cho ddn ghi lam, phdi xudng tan nhd ddn roi van ddng dUa ngUdi gid tre em di tru dn an todn" (Nam, ngfldi dan xa Long Hda).
Mdy ndm ve trUdc khi co lenh sd tdn vi thi trdn, Hgi Chd thdp do trUc tiep dUa ddn di sd tdn mac dii sdng gio rdt nguy hiem. Khi bi thien tai, cdc anh/chi Chd thap do lam cdng tdc xd hgi rdt tdt vd
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI Q
S U T H A M G I A C U A H O I C H f THAP D 6 TRONG...
tham gia cdu ngn, cdu ho. Tdi nhd trong thdi gian dd, toi cdng tham gia cdc hogt ddng ndy" (Nam, ngudi d a n xa T h a n h An).
B d n g nhflng h a n h ddng thid't thUc m a Hpi Chfl t h a p dd da k h a n g d i n h dupc vi tri va vai trd t h a m gia cua td chflc xa hpi phi ldi n h u d n , la lUc lUdng q u a n t r p n g
gdp p h a n c u n g c h i n h quyd'n dn dinh va t a i thid't lai eupc sd'ng ngfldi d a n s a u t h i e n tai. De t i m h i e u t h e m ve cac b o a t dpng cflu t r p k h a n cd'p cua Hpi, chflng t a ed t h e n h a n tha'y dfldc cac b o a t ddng flng p b d da d a n g dupc t r i n h b a y q u a ke't q u a k h a o s a t dfldi ddy:
lEnh 3.5: Hoat dong ung pho ciia Hoi Chii thap tto khi CO thien tai/BDKH (N=^14)
To chijc cham soc sire kh6e cho ngudi dslnbj thien tai Phan phoi dgng eg sa eSp et/u Ph6i hg-p to chirc di dm nguai dSn <I^n
ncri tranh tru an toan Phoi hffp to chitc ctfu ho, ciru n?n khan cap
To chuc ctru tra khan dp: h'6 trp tien. lirong thij'c. thye pham, nuac..
_ 1
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ M I S . 7 %
W^M 11
,^%
1 1 j 1 1 1
^ ^ ^ • ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • l 19./%:
l i i
, ^ ^ -^
Nguon: Sdlieu khao sdt ndm 2018.
Da phin cac hoat dpng Ung pho n a y chie'm t i le k h o a n g 1/5 NDH k h a n g dinh co sU ton tai trong thuc t e va m a n g y n g h i a thie't t h u c . Cac boat dpng Ung pho n a y deu dat t r o n g t i n h t r a n g k h a n cap, dieu do cho t h a y t i n h cap thie't va dap Ung kip thcii la ye'u to quyet dinh den sU t h a n h cong ciia to chUc, don vi ma Hpi Chii t h a p do la to chUc xa boi dien hinh co chUc n a n g va nhiem vu t h a m gia vao cac hoat dpng n a y .
Khi bdo xdy ra, Hgi Chii: thdp do huy ddng luc lugng tinh nguyen vien phdi hop vdi chinh quyin dia phuang chdng cho'ng nha ciia, rd sodt cdc hg gia dinh khd khdn deed sU chudn bi hd trg kip thcfi. Hgi ChU thdp do trong Ong pho vdi thien tai lam cong viec ciiu trg nhdn dao, nhd ndo cd sap
g ] NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI
thi huy dgng ngay liic lugng de'n hd trg sOa chUa nhd, trg giup kip thdi vi litdng thiic nhiing luc khd khdn" (Nil, n g u 6 i d a n xa T h a n h An).
Trong thin diem sa tdn Hgi ChU thdp di lap cdc to cOu trg nhdn dao, huy dgng mgnh thudng qudn hd trg kinh phi cho mdi gia dinh bi dnh hudng siic khoe budc phdi nhdp vien dieu tri kip thdi (Nam, Hpi ChQ t h a p do xa T h a n h An).
Tieu b i i u cho cac hoat dpng d n g pho, thi hoat dpng "Phoi hop to' ChUc di ddi ngudi d a n den nai t r a n h t n i a n toan" (22 9%) dupc ngudi d a n d a n h gia cao su tich cUc t h a m gia va co trach nhiem vdi cong ddng 6 vai trd nay. Hoi ChU t h a p dd cung n h u cac luc lupng t h a m gia khac khong co su k h a c
St 6-2019
NGUYEN MINH N H U T
bidt vd' nhidm vu dd'u cd m u c tieu e h u n g dam bao sfl an t o a n cho ngfldi d a n v a edng dong bang phfldng e h a m 4 t a i cho. M a t khac, Iflc Iflpng can bp, hpi vien Hpi Chfl th^p do tai ed sd cung dong nbid'u v a i trd d eac Hdi, Doan t h ^ k h a c n h a u n e n sfl p h a n biet cung khd k h a n ddi vdi ngfldi d a n va cong dong. Do vay, p h ^ n Idn ngfldi d a n ciing khd xae dinh va n h a n bidt dfldc d a u la ed quan nao, c6 vai trd r a sao?
Tuy nbien, k h i d a n h gia vd' cac b o a t dpng chuyen mdn m a n g t i n h d a e t h u nhfl
"Phd'i hpp to chflc eiiu ho, cflu n a n k h a n ca'p" (19,7%), "To' ehflc c h a m sde sfle k h d e cho ngfldi d a n hi t h i e n t a i " (18,7%) t h i hinh a n h ChQ t h a p do cung dflpe mot bd phan ngfldi d a n n h a n b i e t nhflng v d n ed the n h a m l i n vdi cac n g a n h k h a c dfldi gdc nlfln cua cdng ddng, n e u nhfl cac b o a t ddng nay cdn m a n g t i n h p h o n g t r a o , chfla dfldc pho bien r p n g r a i t h i sfl n h a m l a n gifla cac ed q u a n la di^u k h d n g t h e t r a n h khdi. Sfl n h a m l i n se la n g u y e n n h a n l a m han ehe sfl t h a m gia ciia edng d d n g bdi Chfl thdp dd la b o a t ddng diia vao cdng
dong, cdn cac cP q u a n chuydn mdn k h a e la Iflc Iflpng c h i n h quy ddi hdi ed c h u y e n mon s a u . Cho n e n viee x a y dflng h i n h a n h va k h a n g d i n b v a i t r o cua tflng ddn vi ed y n g h i a rd't q u a n t r p n g dd'i vdi cac b o a t dpng dfla vao cdng dong. T u y nhidn, eac cd sd H p i hidn n a y t a i dia phflPng thflc b i e n chfla td't. Nhflng sfl ddng gdp cua Hpi Chfl t h a p dd t r o n g eac b o a t dpng cflu hd, cflu n a n v a c h a m sde sfle k h o e t b i k h d n g t h e p h u n h a n , cae h o a t ddng flng phd n a y ludn dflpc cdng ddng d mpi t d n g ldp d a n efl tfl n g u y e n t h a m gia, bdi vi hp cam n h d n dflpc eae gia t r i cdt ldi, Ipi ich thid't thflc cho xa hpi dd'i vdi t d n chi, muc dich cua Hdi.
2.3. Hogt dgng khac phuc hau qud sau khi CO thiin tai / biin ddi khi hdu
D e p h a t h u y dflpc v a i trd ndng ed't t r o n g eae b o a t ddng n b a n dao, Hdi Chfl t h d p dd cdn la k e n h t h d n g tin hidu qua, la n h i p cdu kd't nd'i eae n g u d n Iflc t r o n g xa hdi vdi ngfldi d a n va cdng dong bi a n b hfldng, t h i e t h a i bdi t h i e n tai/BDKH de to ehfle k h a c p h u c h a u q u a va e h u ^ n bi t h i c h flng l a u d a i b d n g eac b o a t ddng cu t h e nhfl sau:
Htnh 3.4: Hoat dong Ubic phuc hau qua cua Hoi Chir thap do sau khi co thien tai/BDKH (N=614)
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cao ki^n thirc phong chong dich b$nh H 5 fr? chim s6c sue khoe: kh^m chCra
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Nguon: Sdlieu khdo sdt ndm 2018.
SJi 6-2019 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI ^
s u THAM GIA CUA H O I CHCrTHAF DO TRONG...
Dua vao ke't q u a k h a o s a t thflc dia, t a tha'y cd 4 boat dpng khde phuc h a u q u a cua Hpi Chfl t h a p dd s a u khi cd t h i e n tai/BDKH chie'm ty le k h o a n g 1/5 N D H k h i n g dinh va 2 boat ddng cdn lai co t y le tha'p bdn. Cac boat ddng khfic p h u c h a u q u a s a u tbien tai/BDKH n a y tfldng ddi phong p h u va da dang, day la cae b o a t ddng xa hpi n b a n dao phi Ipi n h u a n .
Sau khi thiin tai xdy ra thi Hgi Chd thdp do to chdc cdc hogt dgng cihi trd nhdn dao din tgn ndi de trao tang qud, tien vd nhu yeu phdm cho nhdng hd ddn bi thien tai. Bdng thdi, to chdc tuyin truyen phong chdng dich binh vd thdm khdm sde khoe cho nhdn ddn bi dnh hudng (Nfl, c a n bd Hdi CTD T h a n h phd).
Sau khi bdo qua roi, Hgi Chd thap do tham gia ciing chinh quyen dia phU(fng dgn vi sinh mdi trudng tgi cdc diem sd tdn ddn, khac phuc hdu qud do Id'e xody, dgn dep dUdng pho sgch se, xud'ng thdm hoi cdc hd ddn xem cd an todn hay khdng, neu cdn gi ciing vdi dia phUctng hd trg (Nfl, can bp Hdi Chfl t h d p do C a n T h a n h ) .
Khi so s a n h edng vide cua giai d o a n n a y vdi h a i giai doan trUde (phdng ngfla va flng pbd) t h i cd nhflng boat dpng gan gid'ng n h a u ci ca ba giai doan vdi npi dung: e h a m sde sfle khde, t r u y e n thdng giao due sfle khde n a n g eao kie'n thfle phdng ehd'ng dieh b e n h , v a n ddng gay quy va cflu t r p xa hpi.
Tuy nhien, S mdi giai doan t b i cd nhiing mflc dp va t a n sua't boat dpng k h a c n h a u bao t r u m len eae m a t b o a t ddng xa hpi eua chinh quyen. Ddi ebid'u vdi cac b a n g so' lieu k h a o s a t t h u c dia d ea 3 giai doan eua cac b o a t ddng n a y t b i ty le N D H k h d n g d i n b tfldng dd'i n g a n g b a n g n h a u , cbi cd
Q ] NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HM
b o a t ddng cflu t r p xa hdi k h d n cap cf giai doan flng phd t h i ed t y le eao hdn cac b o a t ddng k h a c . N h i n c h u n g , vai trd t h a m gia cua Hdi Chfl t h a p dd d cae cd'p cd b o a t ddng tfldng dd'i on d i n h ddi vdi chflc n a n g , n h i e m vu cua Hpi d mflc dp t h a p nhiing v l n edn n h i e u d u dia de p h a t t r i e n trong tfldng lai.
Cae b o a t d d n g k h d e p h u c h d u q u a cd cflng m u c t i e u e b u n g sfle vi edng d d n g da p h i n nao g i u p ngfldi d a n d n d i n h dflpc cupe sd'ng ve v d t c h a t va t i n h t h a n s a u t h i e n t a i nhflng t y le N D H k h a n g d i n h edn t h a p , ehifa tfldng xflng vdi t i e m n a n g p h a t t r i e n c u a Hpi t r o n g l i n h vflc nay.
De l a m ro h o n cac n h a n d i n h n e u t r e n , t a se p h a n t i c h m o t b o a t d d n g noi bdt t r o n g giai d o a n n a y . C d n g t a e " V a n ddng ngfldi d a n cd dieu k i e n d d n g gdp tien m a t , h a n g h d a cflu t r d k h a c p h u c h d u q u a t h i d n t a i " (20%) dfldc tie'n h a n h vdi n h i e u h i n b thflc k h a c n h a u . D a y l a thd' m a n h e u a Hdi Chfl t h d p do cae c a p t r o n g n h i e u n a m q u a , eac Iflc Ifldng n d n g cot l u d n cd m a t k i p t h d i de t o ehfle t r p giup va cflu t r d ngUdi d a n k h i c p h u c h a u q u a s a u t b i e n t a i . Cac b o a t d d n g k h d e p b u e dupe t r i e n k h a i r d n g r a i vdi v a i t r d ndng ed't la c a n bd, hdi vien, t i n b n g u y e n vidn Chfl t h a p dd n h d m kdu gpi v a v d n dpng cac t a n g ldp n h a n d a n t h a m gia d d n g gdp vdi t i n b t h d n tUdng t h a n tUdng a i . Cac cudc v a n d p n g dupc x e m n b u l a m d t p h e p thfl dd'i vdi n h a n thflc xa bdi vg b o a t ddng d u a vao edng ddng cua H p i Chfl t h a p do t a i dia phUdng, Id t h u d e do ve n i e m t i n eua n g u o i d a n dd'i vdi eac cd'p Hpi va Sfl t h a m gia c u a ngudi d a n dd'i vdi cdng ddng m a bp d a n g s i n h so'ng.
SQ 6-2019
NGUYEN MINH NHUl"
Thflc td'cho thay, ehi cd 1/5 NDH quan tam va cdn rat nhieu dfl dia d^ van dpng ngfldi dan tieh cfle tham gia cae hoat dpng hd trd cdng dong trong thdi gian tdi. Mat khae, ddi sd'ng ngfldi dan C i n Gid con nghdo nen edng tac vdn dpng ddng gdp tien mat va hang hda cflu trd khac phuc hau qua thien tai cung rat ban chd". Do vdy, neu ehi trdng chd vao cac ngudn Iflc tai dia phfldng thi cac boat ddng khae phuc, tai thiet cupe sd'ng ciaa ngfldi dan va edng ddng se cham dflpc trien khai. Ban chat eac boat dpng xa hdi da trien khai ludn neu cao va tdn vinh cac gia tri ed't ldi ve tinh t h i n nhan dao ddi vdi sfl tham gia eua ngfldi dan va cdng ddng, nhflng cdn v^ gia tri vdt chat thi chfla tfldng xflng so vdi cac thiet bai ma hp ganh chiu.
3. Ket luan
Ngfldi dan Cin Gid da so' ed tham gia va bidt vd' sfl tham gia cua Hdi Chfl th^p dd trong eac boat ddng flng phd vdi thien tai /BDKH tai dia phfldng. Cac boat ddng cua Hdi da hien hflu trong ddi sd'ng ngfldi dan, va dflpe thfle hidn tfldng dd'i hieu qua va dap flng dflpc cac nhu clu cua xa hdi.
Nd ciing the hidn tdn chi muc dich eua Hdi gdn lien vdi viec de eao cac gia tri nhan dao.
NhQng boat ddng thiet thflc, kip thdi nay da khang dinh dflpe vi tri va vai trd tham gia cua Hpi Chfl thap do nhfl mpt t^ chflc xa hdi phi ldi nhudn, gdp p h l n ciing chinh quye'n eham lo, giup dd cong dong khde phue nhflng khd khan ban dau va on dinh, tai thid't cupe sd'ng sau thien tai /BDKH.
Hdi Chfl thdp do edn la kenh thdng tin bieu qua ket ndi eac ngudn lUc trong xa hpi vdi ngfldi dan va edng dong hi anb hfldng bdi thien tai/BDKH, dflpc ngfldi dan danh gia eao trong cac boat ddng nhan dao. Tuy vay, Iflc Iflpng hpi vien, tinh nguyen vien Chfl thdp dd tai cd sd do phai ddng tbdi tham gia vao cac Hpi, Doan the khae nfla nen boat ddng ciing hi phan tan va ed the gap nhieu khd khan.
Nhin ebung, vai trd tham gia eua Hdi Chfl thap do d cac cap cd boat ddng tfldng dd'i on dinh dd'i vdi chflc nang, nhiem vu cua Hdi va cdn nhieu du dia de phat tridn trong tfldng lai.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Nguydn Ngpc Didm (2013) "Truyen thdng va thdng tin ve thich flng bie'n dd'i kbi hau d vung ven bien ddng bang sdng Cflu Long va mdt so' van de' dat ra", Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hgi, so'8 (192).
2. Darryn Mcevoy va Nhdm Nghien cflu. 2014. "Danh gia cac rui ro bie'n ddi khi hdu va cac giai phap thieh flng tai cae thanh phd' cap II d vung Tay Nam Bangladesh va mie'n Trung Viet Nam", Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hgi, so' 1 (185).
3. Ld Van Khoa (chu bien), Tran Trung Dung, Lflu Dflc Hai, Nguydn Van Vid't (2012), Gido due dng pho vdi bien doi khi hau, Nxb. Giao due Viet Nam.
4. Quo'c Hpi (2008) Ludt sd 11/2008/QH12: Lugt Hogt ddng Hgi Cha thdp do, t h d n g q u a n g a y 03/6/2008, H a Ndi.
sd 6-2019 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q
