70 NGON N G C & DCfl S 6 N G S 2 (244)-2Q16
[NGOAI N G t r VQl BAN NGtJl
MQT SO LOI THlTdNG GAP TRONG S C D V N G TIENG ANH CUA SINH VIEN K H 6 N G CHUYEN TIENG ANH
DAI HOC THU DO HA NQI VA cACH K H A C PHyC
SOMEMOST COMMON ERRORS MADE BY PRE-INTERMEDIATE STUDENTS NON-MAJOR ENGLISH AT HANOI CAPITAL UNIVERSITY AND SOLUTIONS
TRJNH PHAN THJ PHONG LAN (ThS; Dai hgc Tbu do H a Nfi)
Abstract: hi tarns of diflCTences in linguistics ^pe, \^dnamese studaits learning En^sh, especially tfie pre-intamediate ones, often make some most common orors. In the essay, tiuoug^ analysis of some most common enors made by pre- intomediate ^udents non-m^or English at Hanoi Capital University, we present the causes and soludons to conect the enors so as to promote die effect of teaching.
Key w(H^: Ems; Enghsh; Hand Gptal Umversity; error conection.
1. Trong khu6n kli6 bai viet nay, chiing toi th5ng do ^ lyc cua tfi6i quen sOr dyng tieng m? d6 Qx/^c qua phan tich mpt so loi ngii p h ^ thucmg ^ trong
si3f A m g t i ^ Anh dia sirfi vien khong chi^«n ngii tm5ng D^i hpc Thii d6 H^ NQI, chi ra nguyen nhan Vk ^ia p h ^ khSc j^iic l5i, nhSm cdi ttii$n chat lupng d^y hgc tieng Anh tnmg Nha tiu5ng.
2. TTBO "Ttr d i ^ N ^ n ngiJ hgc ung dyng v^
d^y tieng", "Loi cua ngudi hpc (trong khi ndi h ( ^ viet m$t n ^ n ngD thir hai hay ngo^i ngu:) la h i ^ tut;ng sOr dyng mpt don vj ngSn i ^ ( c h ^ h ^ mpt til, m0t don vj ng& p h ^ mpt hosit ^ n g ndi nSng,...) iSng e^h mk ngu6i ban t ^ h ( ^ ngu5i gidi thu* tiaig d6 dio & sai h o ^ cho la diua day du"
[C^theo II.
ngon ngO- th^ nhat) nen d3 tiep nh$n vi hhih t h ^ thdi quen ngon ngit mdi tr&n nhQng thdi quen cua ti^g m^ 6& hay n ^ n ngQ' ^ur nhit m i ngudi hpc d3 M n h thao. Thdi quen dd dS chi phoi qud trinh tiiy die ngon ngQ thu: hai. Tfrih hai m$t cila th6i quen ngdn ngQ nay dupc the Iii$n 6 sy chuyen di tich cyc va chuyen di tieu cyc. Trong dd, da gpi Id c h i ^ ^ di tich cyc thS hi^n d chS, ngudi hpc cd the tin dyng nhQng &km giong nhau giQa hai ngdn ngQ d^ ti^p n h ^ ngdn ngQ dfch mOt cdch thu$n lpi nhat M ^ khdc, sy chuyen di tieu cyc chinh Id do sy ^ d$t quy tSc ngdn ngQ cua tilng m? di sang ngdn ngQ dich nhung khdng phi) hpp, din V^ ngi^Sn n h ^ cua l3i, cdc hpc gid cung cd d ^ I§i. Phdn tich iSi cd vai trd chl m I§i md ngirfri nhOng y kien khdc nhaa Tuy nhioi, cd the Ididi mtdt hpc vd sQ dyng ndm 6 ddu, nguy&i nhdn cQa I§i Id m$t s6 ngin€n nhdn diu yeu dd dat dcn dp th«ig gl d^ cd hudng khSc phyc, bdi vi nd dupc tiln
- t - i * I. / . ^ T ^ : j _ _ ' . j ^A..'^^^.•.L i . i _ i . ..^ _ / - , ^ _ s i ^^.i /-.i.r_i. . j
nh^ cao nhu sau: (1) Loi do sur dyng tri thuc da biet d ngdn ngQ dfch dk khdm phd n ^ n ngit dfch, cdn gpi Id loi do vupt tuyen; (2) L5i do chi^en S, la loi xdy ra do ngudi hpc m u ^ nhung tri thuc cd sin trong ti^g mp de dp d^ loi vi$c tiq> fty, s^ c^ig ngon ngQ dfch, c ^ gpi Id loi do sy chuyai di tieu cyc ciia tieng mp di^ trong qud tnnh fliy ddc ngdn ngQ thA hai; (3) L5i do khdc bi^ v^ van hda.
hdnh vdi cdc trudng hpp cy till. Ch&ih vi vjiy, ngJiiSn curu loi vd phdn lo^i loi, tQ dd dua ra cdch phyc Id van de rat cd ^ nghTa d6i vdi d^y hpc ngoai ngQ ndi chung vd d^y hpc tieng Anh cho ngudi Vipt Nam ndi riSng.
3. Qua thyc t^ khdo sdt loi sur dyng tilng Anh cua sinh vien khdng chuydn tilng Anh d^ hpc Thii dd Hd NOi, ket hpp vdi kinh nghidm gidng Trong qud trinh hpc ngo^ n ^ , ding \&i qua d^y tilng Anh idii^u n ^ t^i tiudng, chiing tdi ^ trinh tiq) njc vdi n ^ t ^ £ c h , s y khdc bi^v^ vdn nit ra dirpc nhQng loi mang tfnh i^o bioi oia sinh hda vd ngdn ngQ trong Idng tioig mp de vd n g ^ vien trong gjai do^n dau tiep xiie vdi tilng Anh.
ngQ dfch dd ldm ndy sinh gjao thoa. CdAe ndi, h i ^ LSi <hipc tiie h i ^ tien edc i^uongdi^n sau:
tupng §aa thoa timg ngrai ngCt ch&ih lihipn tupng Thir idtdt, M do chuyin iB tiiu t^fcti^tihtg md khi mpt ngudi hpc va sQ dyng ngdn ngQ thur hai
8^2^44)^016 NGON NGtr & B(n S 6 N G 71
p a so sinh vien khong chuyen tioig Anh, khi mdi tiep xuc vdi thQ tilng ndy. vi chua cd sy hi«i biet day du ve ngQ phdp ti^g Anh. dd ^ dgt Wnh thiic n ^ n ngQ cua tilng m? da (tioig Vi$t) sang ngon ngQ dfch vd 1 ^ tudngnhu v§y lampt sy biai d^ diing. Ti^ nhien, quy tdc dd cd khi chi ddng vdi tieng Vipt md Igi sai vdi tilng Anh. Vi dy:
(1) / /jungry. (Tdi ddi) . Dang diing ciia cau n ^ phai la: " / am hungiy\ Bdi vl, trong tilng Anh,
"AuMgry" Id mpt tfnh tQ.
Trong tiln^Vi^de bilu thi ^ n ^ v e thdi, cd cdc tQ "dS" bieu tiii qua khii, "dSawg" bieu thi hipn tgi vd "5E" bieu tiii tuong lai. Ndi cdch khdc, tilng Vipt da sur dyng ylu to ngodi tur de bieu thi y n^iia ngQ ph^. Tuy nhien, tieng Anh vdi tinh chat la n ^ n ngQ hiln hlnh. da sur dyng hlnh thiic bien d6i ttong bdn than tQ de bieu thi y nghm ngQ phj^. Vf dy, thi qud Idiur don trong tiaig Anh yeu cau th&n dudi " - ed' vao sau dpng tQ, nhung cung cd nhQng tmdng hpp khdng tiieo quy tdc nay, nhu dpng tQ " ^ "
khdng the diuyen thdnh "goerf' md phai Id '\vera".
Vdi tnrdng hpp nay, sinh vien Vi^ Nam tfiirdng mdc loi dirdi hai lunh tiiurc, mpt la theo thdi quen th&n"-ed" vdo sau dOng tQ "ga"; hai Id. giQ n g i ^ n
"go" nhu dgng dpng tQ ti^ V i ^
Thir hai, ldi do jofc ^nh sai ^ng t^, sai thdi thiva ldi wept tuyin
Trong tilng Anh, cdch dung ciia dOng tQ vd t ^ tQ Id hodn todn khdc nhau. Trong tilng Anh, tfnh tQ Idm vi ngQ thudng di kfem vdi d^ng tQ "to be", nhung tieng Vipt tta khdc. Day Id. Ioi sinh vign thudng mdc fih^. Cd trudng hpp, sinh vien da ^ d?tt mpt d i m kien tiiQc ndo dd da hpc sang mpt fKem kiln thiic mdi drpc tilp xiic ndo dd, dong thdi ndi rpng nhOi^ quy tdc ngrai ngQ ra a^xd {idiam vi ciia nd. Day Id tnidng hpp mSc loi do dp ^ tri thOc da biet trong ngdn ngQ dfch vdo v i ^ khdm phd, tiep thu chfnh ngdn ngQ dfch. Tmdng hpp ndy Id iSi vupt Vaykn. Vi dy, Ioi tuong ty ve cdc dOng tu khdr^ frieo quy tdc nhu to be, Ioi thSm s6 nhieu vao sau danh tQ,... nhu:
(2) I am like.
(3) Two mouses are chasu^
Trong vf dy (2), "am" Id dpng tQ to 6e dupc chia vdi ngdi tiiQ nbat s6 it, phk sau thudng Id tfnh tQ ho§c danh tQ. Cdn nhu *7/fc^' Id dpng tu thudng Idii ldm vi ngQ thi diing dOc 1 ^ lam d^i^ tu chfnh ttong
cdu, nhu / like singjmg En^ish song. Loi d ^ y la dCing thua d^ng tQ to be. Vi dy (3) mdc iSi Id do diem so n h i ^ vdo sau danh tQ.
Tmdng hpp anh vim mdc iSi do Ididng them h$u ^ trcKig £ ^ tQ, vf dy:
(4) Yesterday I kam English md practise tiw piano.
Troi^ vi ( ^ ten, sinh vi&i mSc loi la do kh&ig tfi&n hdu to, dli cdn giQ lgi *1eam" vd "practice".
Dgng diing i ^ IA "Yesterday I feame^/English and pmctisediia piano."
Mpt nguygn nhdn nQa la do r ^ Idiudn cdc c ^ tnic. Chdi^ hgn, ^do vien trong qui trinh I6n Idp dua ra vf dy vl Ihdri trong tieng Anh. nhir
(5) He walks quickly. (Anh ly di rit nhanh) Khi chuyen ti^nh tiidi h i ^ tgi tiep dien, can dua vl c ^ tnic "To be + Ving". Dgng ddng ciia cau nay ]kHe is wdkir^ quickly. Do siidi vien ^ dyng sm cau tiiic nai dd c h i ^ ^ thanh dgng; He is walks quickly vd l5i ngQ |jidp da xdy ra.
N ^ khdc, cd tmdng hpp sinh viai ^ dyng qi^
tSc ngQ phdp Ididng diing dio, nen mdc l3i. Vi dy:
(6) 'The man who I saw ldm..".
Trong vf dy tten, chi can bd tii "Wm" cfi Id cau trd nen chinh xac. Bdi vi, doi tupng cua dpng tQ
"see" ( g ^ ) da xdc #ili, Ididng cin I ^ I^. Tuy nhien, cd trudng hpp sinh v i ^ klidng xdc djnh dupc khdch thi cua "see" dd h i ^ d i ^ vd mdc l3i diing fliiiadaitQ"him".
Cd ttudng hpp dp dyng quy t ^ nua vdi. LSi ndy thudng xay ra khi ngudi hpc quan tdm den thdng tin m u ^ trao doi hon Id cSu true cau can vgn dyng de bieu d?t thdng tin. Vi dy:
(7)
Cdu hdi cua gido viin Cdu trd ldi cOa sinh a) Do you lite vxn
reading? * I vay lilffi nsading b) Did she go out? bocte c) Will Ihey socai be * Yes, she went out ready? * Yes, fliey soon be
ready.
Cd ba cau ttia Idi tten deu mdc loi do sQ dyng sai cau ttw. Cau tta Idi dung lAdi Id: a) Yes, I do; b) Yes, she did vd c) Yes, they will.
Trtsig cdc tiudng hpp && djnh " neu nhu", "©a mi", "udc gi" chi sy vipc khdng cd th|t d h i ^ tai tiii yeu c4u sQ dyng till qud khQ don. M§c du v§y, nhieu
72 NG6N NGC & Ddi S6NG S62(244)-2016
• i l l sinh vign Igi khdng nhan ra sy khdng cd diat cua sy
vdt ttnng \â tgi, n ^ van diia tiidi ciia cdu vdn ve H^t^6an,Sn6ki1di sd. Vi dy:
(8)Iwi^IAm«acar.
Cai nay ngMa la 'Tdi udc tdi co mOt dilec xe d td", tuc Id h i ^ tgi toi khoi^chua c6 vd tdi udc ed mOt diiec d td. Cau vdn ding ptm la "I wish I hc^a cai".
TrSn day Id mdt so iSi thudng g|p vdi da so ^nh vioi khdng chuyen khi mdi tiep xik; vdi tieng Anh d
^ d o ^ daụ Ng^di ra, cdn nhQng iSi vl ngQ 3m, tQ vyng, ho$c do khdng ndm 1 ^ dipc sy khdc nhau vl tiidi quai vdn bda giua ngudi Vi^ Nam va ngudi diu$c cdc nude ndi tioig Anh Trong Idiudn kho bdi viet nay, chiing tdi chua de cgp doị
4. Tnrdc liet, phsa ndi den sy chenh I^ch vl phuong thuc the hi|n c&; y n^ua ngQ phdp gjua tilng Vift vd tilng Anh do chdng t h u ^ hai logi hinh ngdn ngQ khdc nhaụ Ngudi hpc theo tiidi quen tir duy von cd da ^ dit qi^ tdc ngQ phdp ciia tieng Vift (tilng mp 6si) sang tieng Anh (ngdn ngQ dfch), ho§c dp dgt nhQng kien tiiuc da biet ve i ^ n ngQ dfch M tiep nhgn kiln thOc chua bi^ trong ngdn ngQ dfch. Ndi cdch khac, đ Id iSi do su ehuyen di tieu cyc ciia tilng mp dt sang ngdn ngQ dfch vd iSi vupt tuyin. M§t Ididc, vdi ngirdi hpc tilr^ Anh khdng chiQ^n, do dnh hudng ve flidi ^an, đng co hpc t ^ cung nhu myc dich hpc t ^ , hp Ididng ^ nhu cau biic tiiiit phdi dgt den dp chuin xdc ttong sQ dyng ngdn ngQ dich ISn hdng diu nhu nhung ngudi hpc tieng Anh nhu mpt chuyen ngjinh, nen ti Ip mdc iSi nhilu hon.
D I Ididc phyc loi, chiing tdi nhgn tiiay, d i u diiu tiSn can vgn dyng thii phap doi clulu ngdn i ^ vd ket qud ng^en ciiu doi chieu ngdn ngQ vdo qua trinh d^y hpc, nhdm th&ig qua jrfidn tich iSi khien ngufri hpc cd the y thiic dupc mpt cdch cd co sd khoa hpe ve loi b ^ than ngudi hpc mdc phdi bieu h i ^ nhu till ndo, vi sao lai mdc loi 4ỵ Tren ca sd đ, hudng cho n^idi hpe chinh sQa loi vd ^ nhd cdc cau ttuc, cdc cđi bieu dat chuan xdc, phu hpp vdi ngudi bdnngQ.
Hon ai het, nguCri ^ viai jMi ldm chu drpc cdc k i ^ fliuc ngdn ngQ ma minh tti^rai d^t, bSng
"con mat nhd nghe" tifti dodn, xdc # i h iSi ndo Id diii ylu d6i ven moi doi tupng nguifri hpc cy tiie, tu đ tien hdnh dgy hpc cd tipng d o n . tdp tnmg cao dp
vki tt^g d i m đ dl nguM hpc dupc gjdng gi&';
d i ^ đo vd luy^ tap nhiki lan. tgo d^u k i ^ tiid ]a, an tupng sau ve tr^ig d i m ngdn ngQ iỵ I&cd viec day hpc nhihig tt^ng d ^ ngdn ngQ ky tka duoc ti^ hdnh dudi sy hudng 6^ ciia g ^ viSn tii&ig qua hf tii6ng cdu hdi gpi md. gjOp sinh vi&i did d^ng, tidi cyc tiiam g^a vdo hogt d ^ d^hpc, tt-dnh tiuy^ tiiy m$t diilu tQ ^ i k gjdo vi&i d^
sinh vien tiieo phuong i ^ i ^ tn^^n thong Nhu v|y,
^ d hpc tren Idp sS trd noi sdi dpng, cuba hist vdtfu hiing thii cho sinh vi&i, dong thdi tdng cudng ning lyc quan sdt, tu d ^ trOu tupng vd hpp tdc ttong qui trinh l@n ldp. KT ndng tiiyc hdnh gjao ti^ng&ii^
cur^ qua đ ma dipc ndng caọ
5 Loi la deu Idior^ the tidnh trmg qud trinh thg
^ ngdn ngQ tiiii hai cua ngudi hpc. Loi ciia snh viai Vift Nam trong qud tiinh hpc vd sQ dyng tilng Anh nhum^t ngoai ngQ' khdng chiQ>6n, ttirdc bit Id iSi ngQ [didp Id rSt (k dgng vd tiiudng xuySn bon so vdi doi tupng c h i ^ ^ ti^ Anh. N g i ^ ^ nhdn dim den mdc Ioi den tQ hai phfa: nguy^ nhdn chii quan chii ylu Id do d$ng ca vd ndng lyc ciia ngudi hpc;
nguySn nhdn khdch quan chQ ylu Id do sy khdc bi^
ve lôi Wnh gjQa tilng Vift vd tilng Anh. Do d6, ci the quy ket nguySn nhdn ciia iSi ldm hai logi: l5i do sy chuyin d tiSu cyc cda tilng mp 6i sang ng6n ngQ d d i vd Ioi vupt t i ^ n .
D I khic phyc iSi, chiing tdi đ dua ra m§t s6 d^
xuat, chii yeu li v|n dyng ket qud cua n ^ S n ciifu doi chieu ngdn ngQ vdo qud trinh dg.y hpc vd vi^
xdc dnh tt:png dem ngdn ngQ ttong qud ttinh d^y hpc dl dat dn;K: sy t|^ ttung cao dp vd tiiyc hi^
qua cdc hinh thiic tS chiic d ^ hpc khdc nhau, thdng qua hf thong cdu hdi gpi md, phdt huy vai ttd chd dfng, sdng tgo, tich cyc tfiam gia vdo hogt dfng d^y hpc cua sinh v i ^ £)6ng thdi gdy dupc hOng tiii^
cuon hut ^nh viSn vdo qud ttinh n ^ b ^ kiln tiite vd tiiyc hdnh giao tiep.
T A I U ^ U THAM K H A O CHfNH 1. NgiốIhifnNam(200UAfew«&i5'/!gỉ
pl^tiingViitciianffedi tiudc ngpMvdr^mr^vin di liin quan, Lu§n dn TS NgQ vin, DHKHXH&NV- DHQGHN
2. Le Quang Thiem (2008), Afefti&i cuu dii chiiu cdc ngpn ngfi, Nxb DHQG Hd Nfị
3. Ttt-d^fiCTgPi^, Nxb D d > ^ g . 2003, tr.
581.
